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外研版七年级下册英语 语法复习

外研版七年级下册英语 语法复习
外研版七年级下册英语 语法复习

下册重要知识点梳理

词类

1) 物主代词:表示所属关系的代词(…属于谁的)

形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的关系:

形容词性物主代词:必须和名词在一起。My father, your teacher...

物主代词

名词性物主代词:相当于与之相对应的形容词性物主代词+名词。 This shirt is mine. =This is my shirt. 练习 (1)选择题。

( )1. Look at .

A. him

B. he

C. his

( )2. I drive to the park every day.

A. they

B. their

C. them

( )3. classroom is big.

A. we

B. us

C. Our

( )4. I love .

人称 单 数

复 数

形容词性物主代

词 名词性物主代

词 形容性物主代

词 名词性物主代

词 第一人称 my mine our ours 第二人称

your yours your yours 第三人称 his his their

Theirs

her hers its

its

语法知识点

1.词类:物主代词、情态动词can 和方位介词短语

2.时态:一般将来时态和一般过去时态

3.句型:特殊疑问句、祈使句、感叹句和选择疑问句

A. she

B. her

C. hers

()5. Do you know ?

A. I

B. my

C. me

()6. I am son.

A. they

B. their

C. them

()7. This is not _____ desk.. My desk is over there.

A. I

B. my

C. me

()8. -Can you spell _____ name, Harry? -Sorry.

A. you

B. your

C. yours

()9. Tom and Jack are brothers. This is _____ room.

A. they

B. them

C. their

()10. We are in the same class. _____ classroom is very nice.

A. our

B. my

C. ours

()11. Mrs. Green is my teacher. I’m _____ student.

A. he

B. his

C. him

()12. That’s a cat. _____ name is Mimi.

A. It

B. It’s

C. Its

(2)用括号里的代词的适当形式填空

1, Mr Yang is _______(we) teacher.________(him) is from Beijing. _______(his) teaches______(our) English.

2, Look,there is a cat._______(they) is Lily's.____(it) name is Mimi.

3, Let______(I) tell ______(she) about_____(he) life at school.

4, This is ______(they) room.Where is _____(our)?

5, Don't use the eraser.______ is ______(me).

6, The lady under the tree is ______(me) aunt._____(her) often sings with

_____(she) husband

2)情态动词can

1.含义:表达人或物的能力,能或会…

2.特点:情态动词can没有人称和数的变化,之后要加动词原形。

3.否定形式:cannot(正式用法)=can’t(口语)

4.句型结构:

肯定句:主语+ 情态动词+ 动词原形+ 其他+ 。

She / They can swim well.

否定句:主语+ 情态动词+ not + 动词原形+ 其他+ 。

She / They can not swim well.

一般疑问句:情态动词+ 主语+ 动词原形+ 其他+ ?

Can she / they swim well?

Yes, she / they can. / No, she / they can’t.

特殊疑问句:疑问词+ 情态动词+ 主语+ 动词原形+ 其他+ ?

Why can she / they swim well?

Who can swim well?

练习:

( ) 1) The sign on the wall means you stay away from the building.

A. must

B. can’t

C. shouldn't

( ) 2) How many books you see on the desk?

A. may

B. can

C. should

( )3) --- you see the sign over there? --- Sorry, I can’t.

A. Can

B. Can’t

C. Should

4. I can run fast. I ________ ________ fast. (否定句)

5. He can play basketball well. (一般疑问句)

_______ he ______ basketball well?

3)介词

over

正上方

on

on the left of... 在左边

next to/near 在……附近,紧挨着

in the front of

在……里面的前面under ...在...正下方

between ...and ...在两者之间

Lingling sits between Tony and Daming. 玲玲坐在托尼和大明之间

among 在三者或三者以上之间

Miss Li is among lots of students. 李老师在许多同学之间

注意:介词短语常和be动词连用。

behind/at the back of 在...后面

on the right of... 在右边in front of...在...前面

时态

1)一般将来时

时间状语:in+一段时间;tomorrow;in the future; next+时间;this+时间(表示将来时间的状语)

﹙Ⅰ﹚be(is,am.are)going to 的用法。

含义:计划,打算做某事

将来时句型结构:

一般将来时be going to+动词原形

肯定句结构:主语+be going to +动词原形+其他.

否定句结构:主语+be not going to +动词原形+其他.

一般疑问句:be动词提前

Be +主语+going to +动词原形+其他?

肯定回答:Yes,主语+be.

否定回答:No,主语+be not.

注意:①表示计划到某地去,谓语动词go与going重复,一般只说be going to +地点.

②come/go/arrive/leave等表示位置转移的动词可用于现在进行表将来。

Eg:

I am going to London next year.

She is going to check her email.

Look! The bus is coming.

﹙Ⅱ﹚由shall和will引导的一般将来时

含义:将会…

特点:助动词shall和will没有人称和数的变化,之后要加动词原形。

shall在一般将来时中,一般用于第一人称之后。

例如:I/We shall have an English lesson.我们将有一节英语课。

否定形式:shall not=shan′t will not=won′t

将来时句型结构:

肯定句:主语+shall/will+do

否定句:主语+shall/will+not+do(will not 可缩写成won’t)

一般疑问句:shall/will+主语+ do

特殊疑问句:疑问词+ shall/will+主语+do

2)一般过去时

1.一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。

2.标志性时间状语:yesterday(昨天), last week(上周), last month(上个月), last year(去年), two months ago(两个月前), the day before yesterday (前天),in 1990 (在1990年), in those days (在那些日子里)等表示过去的时间状语连用。

3.动词结构:V-ed

动词过去式变化规则:

1.一般在动词末尾加-ed,如:pull-pulled, cook-cooked

2.结尾是e加d,如:taste-tasted

3.末尾是辅音字母加一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ed,如:stop-stopped

4.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的,变y为i,再加-ed,如:study-studied

5.不规则动词过去式:

lose(丢失) ----lost

make(制造) ----made mean(意思) ----meant meet(见) ----met

pay(付) ----paid

say(说) ----said

sell(卖) ----sold send(送)----sent

sit(坐) ----sat

sleep(睡) ----slept smell(嗅) ----smelt spell(拼写) ----spelt spend(度过) ----spent stand(站) ----stood teach(教) ----taught tell(告诉) ----told

win(赢) ----won

think(想) ----thought

understand(理解) ----understood begin(开始) ----began

blow(吹) ----blew

break(打破) ----broke

choose(选择) ----chose

do(做) ----did

draw(画) ----drew

drink(喝) ----drank

drive(驾驶) ----drove

eat(吃) ----ate

fall(落下) ----fell

fly(飞) ----flew

forget(忘) ----forgot

give(给) ----gave

go(去) ----went

grow(成长) ----grew

know(知道) ----knew

lie(躺) ----lay----lain

ring(按铃) ----rang

write(写) ----wrote

ride(骑) ----rode

see(看见)----saw

show(出示) ----showed wake(弄醒) ----woke

sing(唱) ----sang

speak(讲话) ----spoke steal(偷) ----stole wear(穿) ----wore

swim(泳) ----swam

take(拿) ----took

throw(扔) ----threw become(成为) ----became come(来) ----came

run(跑) ----ran

4. 句式变化规则:

Be动词在一般过去时中的变化:

(1)am 和is在一般过去时中变为was。(was not=wasn't)

(2)are在一般过去时中变为were。(were not=weren't)

(3)带有was或were的句子,其否定、疑问的变化和is, am, are一样,即否定句在was或were后加not,一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。

句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子

否定句:didn't +动词原形,如:Jim went home yesterday.

Jim didn't go home yesterday.

一般疑问句:在句首加did,句子中的动词过去式变回原形。

如:Jim went home yesterday.

Did Jim go home yesterday?

特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句?如:Jim went home yesterday.

Did Jim go home yesterday?

What did Jim do yesterday?

练习:

一、填空

1. 我打算明天和朋友去野炊。

I_____ _______ _________ have a picnic with my friends.

I ________ have a picnic with my friends.

2. 下个星期一你打算去干嘛? 我想去打篮球。

What ________ ________ _________ _________ _________ next Monday?

I _______ ______ _____ play basketball.

What _________ you do next Monday? I ________ play basketball.

3. Nancy is going to go camping.(改否定)

Nancy ________ going to go camping.

4. I’ll go and join them.(改否定)

I _______ go ______ join them.

5. I’m going to get up at 6:30 tomorrow.(改一般疑问句)

________ _______ ________ to get up at 6:30 tomorrow?

6. We will meet at the bus stop at 10:30.(改一般疑问句)

_______ ________ meet at the bus stop at 10:30.

二、用所给动词的适当形式填空。

1.Tom _______ (visit) a farm last week.

2. The twins _______ (water) the flowers in the garden yesterday morning.

3. I _______ (watch) a film with my friend last Friday.

4. My father _______ (be) in London last year.

5. What_______ (do) you do three days ago?

6. _______ (be) there any parks here in 1950?

7. What_________(do) you do just now? I __________ (wash) my clothes.

三、改写句子

1. We are all happy.(改成一般过去时) We _____ all happy.

2. I visit my grandparents every week. (用last week代替every week)

_______________________________________________________

3 There were some zebras in the zoo last year. (改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答) _______________________________________________________________

四、用所给词的适当形式填空。

1.Today is a sunny day. We ___________________ (have) a picnic this afternoon.

2. My brother _______________ (go) to Shanghai next week.

3. Tom often ______________(go) to school on foot. But today is rain. He ______________ (go) to school by bike.

4. What do you usually do at weekends? I usually __________ (watch) TV and ____________(catch) insects?

5.It’s Friday today. What _____she _________ (do) this weekend?

——She ______________ (watch) TV and _____________ (catch) insects.

6. What ___________ (do) you do last Sunday? I ____________ (pick) apples on a farm.

——What ______________ (do) next Sunday? I ______________ (milk) cows.

7. Mary ____________ (visit) her grandparents tomorrow.

8. David ______________ (give) a puppet show next Monday.

9. I ________________ (plan) for my study now.

句型

1)特殊疑问句。

含义:以特殊疑问词开头的疑问句。

特殊疑问词总结:

①what 什么(职业,姓名等)

what day 星期几What day is it today?

what size 多大尺码What size are your shoes?

what time =when 什么时间

what colour 什么颜色

what size 多大号

②when 什么时候(就时间提问)

where 什么地方(就地点提问)

who 谁(问人的身份,姓名等)

which 哪一个

why 为什么(就原因提问,常用because回答)

how 怎么样

how many多少(提问可数名词数量)How many books do you have ?

多少(提问不可数名词数量)How much water is there in the glass? How much

多少钱(提问价格)

How old 几岁(提问年龄)

多长(提问长度)How long is this ruler?

How long 这把尺子有多长?

多长时间(时间持续多久)How long do you go to school ?

你去学校要多长时间?

How often 多久(提问频率既单位时间发生多少次)

How soon (还要多久时间才能开始或结束)How soon will he come back ? How far (提问距离有多远)他多久才能回来?

How heavy (提问有多重)

句型结构:特殊疑问词+ 一般疑问句?

Eg :Why do you like watching TV ?

练习:

就划线部分提问。

1.He often has lunch in the factory.

he often lunch?

2.They will come back in a month.

will they come back?

3.He hurt his leg last Sunday.

he hurt his leg ?

4.I got up at six this morning .

you up this morning ?

5.They were drawing a horse when I came in.

they when I came in ?

6.I didn't go to school because I had a bad cold.

you go to school?

7.You'd better take the No.3 bus.

bus I better take?

8.He's feeling well.

he feeling ?

9.The girl in a red coat is my sister.

is your sister?

10.He comes to China once a year.

he to China?

11. He goes to see his grandma ( twice a week ). (对括号部分提问)

_________________________________________________?

12. My father goes to work by car. ( 改为特殊疑问句)

__________________________________________________?

13. It take ( 15 minutes ) for a ferry to cross the river. ( 对括号部分提问) __________________________________________________?

14. You can dial ( 110 ) to call the police. ( 对括号部分提问)

_______ ________ can you dial to call the police

15. Ted put his bag in the desk . ( 改为特殊疑问句)

_____ ______ Ted _____ in the desk?

16. The students ( went camping ) last week. (对括号部分提问)

_________________________________________________?

17. Diogenes came from ( Greece ). (对括号部分提问)

_____ _____ Diogenes ______ _______?

18. The way to keep fit is ( to eat food and take morn exercise). (对括号部分提问) _______ _______ the way to _______ _______?

2)祈使句

祈使句指的是表示命令、请求、建议或劝告的句子。其主语you常省略,谓语动词用原形,句末用感叹号或句号,读降调。

1. 肯定的祈使句

(1)动词原形+其他

Stand up, please. = Please stand up. 请起立。

(2)Be + adj.

Be careful! = Look out! = Take care! 小心/ 当心!

(3)Let's + 动词原形

Let’s go to school together. 咱们一起上学去吧。

2.否定的祈使句:有be动词直接加not,没有加don’t

3)感叹句

由"what"引导的感叹句:what+(a/an)+adj.+n.+主语+谓语!.

What a clever girl she is! 多么聪明的姑娘呀!

What an interesting story it is! 多么有趣的故事呀!

What good children they are! 他们是多么好的孩子呀!

由"how"引导的感叹句:How+adj.(adv.)+主语+谓语!.

How happy they look! 他们显得多么高兴呀!

How well she sings! 她唱得多好呀!

练习

1. _______ fast the boy ran!

A. How

B. How an

C. What

D. What an

2. _______ well you sing but _______ badly he dances!

A. How, how

B. What, what

C. How, what

D. What, how

3. ________ delicious the soup is! I’d like some more.

A. How

B. How an

C. What

D. What an

4. _______ fools they were! They believed what the man said.

A. How

B. How an

C. What

D. What an

5. _______ foolish they were! They believed what the man said.

A. How

B. How an

C. What

D. What an

4)选择疑问句

选择疑问句是指提供两种或多种情况供对方选择的疑问句,选项之间要用连词or连接。

注意:or连接的是两种同类的事物,且回答不能用yes或no。

Are you a doctor or a teacher?你是医生还是教师?

——I’m a teacher.

Which would you like,tea or coffee?你想要哪样,是茶还是咖啡?——I’d like some tea.

新人教版七年级英语下册单词表-人教版七年级英语单词

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