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Test 2

Reading 1

PART ONE

Questions 1-7

●Look at the statements below and the text on the opposite page about the importance of listening to people.

●Which section （A, B, C or D）does each statement （1-7）refer to?

●For each statement （1-7），mark one letter （A, B, C or D）on your Answer Sheet.

●Y ou will need to use some of these letters more than once.

1 Sometimes it is necessary to insist on further explanation.

2 Y ou shouldn't focus on your response while others are still speaking.

3 People are reluctant to admit that they don't listen well.

4 There are benefits in seeing things from the speaker's perspective.

5 Keen observation of the speaker can support our listening skills.

6 It is risky to think about a different issue while someone is speaking.

7 People do not mind hearing their own views summarized.

Good listener, better manager

A

Too often we accuse others of not listening, pretending that we ourselves are faultless, yet in our hearts we know that many of the mistakes we make come about because we haven't listened carefully enough. We get things wrong because we haven't quite understood what someone meant when they were talking to us. Anyone who has ever taken the minutes of a long meeting will know how hard it is to remember - despite the benefit of notes - exactly what everyone said. But success depends on getting things right- and that means listening.

B

Listening is not the same thing as hearing; it is not an effortless activity. It demands attention and concentration. It may mean quizzing the speaker for additional information or for clarification - it is always better to ask than to continue regardless and get things wrong. However, if you allow your mind to wander onto something else, even for a few minutes, you'll miss what the speaker is saying - probably at the very moment when he or she is saying something critical. And not having heard, you won't know you've missed anything until it's too late.

C

The most common bad habit we have is to start thinking of what we are going to say about the subject long before the other speaker has finished. We then stop listening. Even worse, this often adds rudeness to inattentiveness, as once you have decided what to say there is a fair chance you will interrupt to say it. Good listeners don't interrupt. In fact it is often worth explaining the main idea of what you have just been told before going on to make your own points. Nobody is offended by this and it shows that you have listened well.

D

Above all be patient and accept that many people are not very good communicators. It's helpful to remember that the ways people move and position themselves while they are speaking can reveal a great deal about what they are saying. Equally importantly you should put yourself in the other person's place, both intellectually and emotionally; it will help you to understand what they are getting at and form a response. But don't be too clever. Faced with a know-all, many people keep quiet because they see no point in continuing.

ANSWER KEYS: 1 B 2 C 3 A 4 D 5 D 6 B 7 C

Reading 2

PART TWO

Questions 8-12

Read the article below about recruiting staff.

Choose the best sentence from the opposite page to fill each of the gaps.

For each gap （8-12），mark one letter （A-G）on your Answer Sheet.

Do not use any letter more than once.

There is an example at the beginning, （0）。

Finding the right people

When a small company grows, managers must take on many new roles. Besides the

day-to-day running of the business, they find themselves responsible for, among other things, relations with outside investors, increased levels of cash flow and, hardest of all recruitment.

For most managers of small and medium-sized enterprises, the job of searching for, interviewing and selecting staff is difficult and time-consuming. （0）…G……Interviewing, for example, is a highly Skilled activity in itself.

‘We have found the whole process very hard,' says Dan Baker, founding partner of a PR company. ‘In seven years we have grown from five to eighteen staff, but we have not found it easy to locate and recruit the right people.' （8）……As Dan Baker explains, We went to one for our first recruitment drive, but they took a lot of money in advance and didn't put forward anybody suitable. In the end we had to do it ourselves.'

Most recruitment decisions are based on a pile of CVs, a couple of short interviews and two cautious references. David Rowe, a business psychologist, studied how appointments were made in five small companies. He claims that selection was rarely based on clear criteria. （9）……This kind of approach to recruitment often has unhappy consequences for both employers and new recruits.

Small companies often know what kind of person they are looking for. （10）

According to David Rowe, this means that small company managers themselves have to devote more time and energy to recruitment. It shouldn't be something that is left to the evenings or weekends.

Many companies start the recruitment process with over-optimistic ideas about the type of person that will fit into their team. 'It's very easy to say you must have the best people in the top positions,' says Alex Jones, managing partner of an executive recruitment company. 'But someone who is excellent in one company may not do so well in another environment. （11）……Y ou can never guarantee a successful transfer of skills.'

Whatever the candidate's qualifications, their personal qualities are just as important since they will have to integrate with existing members of staff. This is where, the recruitment industry argues, they can really help.

According to Alex Jones, 'A good recruitment agency will visit your company and ask a lot of questions. （12）……They can ask applicants all sorts of questions you don't like to ask and present you with a shortlist of people who not only have the skills, but who are likely to fit in with your company's way of doing things.'

A A finance director in a big company, for example, will often make a terrible small company finance director because he or she is used to having a team doing the day-to-day jobs.

B More often than not, the people making the choice prioritized different qualities in candidates or relied on guesswork.

C Recruitment would seem an obvious task to outsource, but the company's experience of recruitment agencies was not encouraging.

D They need paying for that, of course, but you will have them working for you and not for the candidate.

E They are usually in very specific markets and the problem they face is that recruitment agencies may not really understand the sector.

F This means that companies cannot spend more than the standard ten minutes interviewing each applicant.

G Y et few are trained and competent for all aspects of the task.

PART FOUR

Questions 19-33

Read the introduction below to a book about relationships at work.

Choose the best word to fill each gap from A, B, C or D on the opposite page.

For each question （19-33）, mark one letter （A, B, C or D）on your Answer Sheet.

There is an example at the beginning, （0）.

MANAGING UPW ARDS

Managing a career on the way up is quite different from managing one at the （0）…C… of an organisation. Individuals on the way up have.to build relationships with the people they （19）to. They usually have to （20）with subordinates in addition to people at the same level as themselves. The most senior staff only have those under them to relate to. This book （21）the idea that all working relationships, including the relationship with one's boss, can and should be managed.

Y ou do not have to be （22）than your manager in order to manage the relationship. Nor do you have to be better than your manager in any （23）Y our

manager may well be your career （24）and guide: he or she may have taught you almost everything you know about your （25）of business - and may continue to teach you more. Y ou may be planning to remain under his or her guidance in the future. None of these （26）should alter your relationship with your manager or （27）you off 'managing upwards'. I use this phrase to （28）to the management of one's boss because, for many people on the way up, it is the first relationship they have to get right.

Y ou can, of course, get on at work just by （29）positively to your manager, but that is not likely to be the most successful way to （30）your working life. An active policy of managing upwards will make you more successful and, at the same time, make the business of going to work more enjoyable. It can also be a way to show （31）to your manager for the efforts he or she has made on your （32）Finally, managing upwards will make it easier for your manager to manage you, leaving him or her more time for other （33）and tasks.

19 A notify B inform C account D report

20 A unite B ,contact C handle D deal

21 A promotes B presses C advertises D convinces

22 A clearer B deeper C smarter D fuller

23 A respect B fashion C part D means

24 A leader B supporter C adviser D helper

25 A course B line C path D route

26 A factors B aspects C causes D topics

27 A put B see C keep D take

28 A specify B identify C indicate D refer

29 A giving B operating C reacting D co-operating

30 A run B forward C move D make

31 A appraisal B value C appreciation D regard

32 A advantage B benefit C side D behalf

33 A posts B roles C positions D acts

PART FIVE

Questions 34-45

Read the article below about the winner of a business award.

In most of the lines （34-45）there is one extra word. It is either grammatically incorrect

or does not fit in with the meaning of the text. Some lines, however, are correct.

If a line is correct, write CORRECT on your Answer Sheet.

If there is an extra word in the line, write the extra word in CAPITAL LETTERS on your

Answer Sheet.

Personal Assistant of the Y ear

0 Anne-Marie Garrard was shocked when it was announced that she had won the

00 Personal Assistant of the Y ear award. 'The other candidates seemed me

34 to be very strong, and I have to say I found that the selection procedure really

35 hard,' she says. '1 didn't think I had any chance of winning. When I heard my

36 name, my legs were so weak I could only hardly stand up,' she laughs. So

37 how is 'the best' personal assistant chosen from a group of so extremely good

38 and very. different individuals? The final decision was reached after a

39 day-long session of the tests, interviews and exercises. Garrard believes

40 the skills she uses in her job helped her how to perform well. For instance, although

41 most of her work is for her company's Managing Director, she works for six bosses

42 in all, so she always tries out to be prepared for anything that might happen.

43 As for the future, her firm has closed for its summer break now; as soon as

44 they will open again, there is a pay rise waiting for her. But Garrard is not

45 going to be relax. She says, 'There's always room for personal development.

Y ou must keep trying to improve.'

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