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2015学位英语语法讲解:动词的时态

2015学位英语语法讲解:动词的时态
2015学位英语语法讲解:动词的时态

2015学位英语语法讲解:动词的时态

本次课主要讲述动词时态的用法,需要大家重点掌握的有:

1.表示一般动作的一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时

2.表示进行动作的现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时

第一部分:语法讲解

I often go to the gym…我经常去健身房。(经常性的事件)

I go to see my grandma every week.我每周都去看我奶奶。(经常性的动作)

当一般现在时表示经常性的动作的时候,常和一些表示频率的时间副词连用,如:always, frequently, usually, sometimes, often等。

如:He is always late.他总是迟到。

注:a)一般现在时还可以用来表示正在发生的动作。用在以here或there 开头的句中,表示目前短暂的动作。

如:Here comes your wife.=Your wife is coming.你妻子走过来了。

There goes the bus.= The bus is going.那辆车开走了。

b)一般现在时用在条件状语从句中和时间状语从句中,表示将来的动作。主要用在条件状语从句中(if, unless)和时间状语从句(when, as soon as, before, after等)中,表示将来的动作。

如:I will be glad if you come over to visit me.如果你来看我,我会很高兴的。

Please let me know when he comes back.他回来时,请告诉我一声。

Do not leave until he comes back……等他回来你再走。

上述从句中的come动作都是在将来发生的,但是要用一般现在时表示将来。

2.一般过去时:did something

1)一般过去时表示在过去时间发生的动作或存在的状态。常和过去特定的时间状语,如:yesterday, last night, three moths ago等连用。

如:I bought the computer three days ago.我三天前卖了这台电脑。

I was tired last night, so I went to bed early.我昨晚很累,所以很早就睡了。

2)一般过去时表示过去某一段时间一直持续或反复发生的动作。

如:When he was in Beijing, he came to see me every week.他当初在北京时,每周都来看我。

We often practiced swimming last year.去年我们经常练习游泳。

注:a)一般过去式可以用来表示现在的情况,体现委婉客气的语气。

如:Did you want anything to drink? 你想喝点什么吗?

Could I have a look? 我能看一下吗?

b)一般过去时用于虚拟语气中,表示现在或将来的动作或状态。

如:It is high time we went.是我们该走的时候了。

I wish I were a bird.我要是只鸟多好。

3.一般将来时表示在未来的某个时间将要发生的动作或状态。其形式will do或be going to do.

如:We will have a picnic tomorrow.

We are going to have a picnic tomorrow. 我们明天要去郊游。

1)will 和be going to 的区别

a)一般将来时表示预测时,我们可以用will或be going to.但是有以下的区别:

be going to 表示根据明显迹象来推断某件事将要发生。will表明说话人认为或相信某件事要发生。

如:Look at those black clouds! It is going to rain.看天上那些乌云。快要下雨了。(根据乌云,推断的下雨)。

The bridge will collapse.这座桥会坍塌的。(说话人作为造桥专家知道这座桥设计有问题,做出的预测)

b)一般将来时表示计划时,用be going to;表示意愿,要用will

be going to 表示说话人对未来行动的计划和打算,通常指经过事先考虑并含有已经为这一行动作了某些准备。

will表示意愿,表示说话人在说话的时刻立即做出的决定表明即将去做某事,并没有事先考虑。

如:I have bought a computer and I am going to learn the computer science.我已经买了一台电脑,我计划学习计算机科学。(已经作了准备——买了电脑)

A:The box is too heavy.

B:I will help you to carry it.这个箱子很重,我来帮你拿。(立即做出的决定,没有事先考虑)

如果没有明显的计划或意愿的证据,则用will和be going to都可以,但是意义上有所不同。

如:Husband: There is no milk left in the fridge.

Wife: I will buy some after work.(说话此刻做出的决定)

Wife: I am going to buy some after work. (妻子在丈夫发现之前就知道没有牛奶了,已经决定要去买一些)

2)表示一般将来时的其他结构:

a)be to +动词原形。这个结构表示约定、命令或按计划要做的事情。

如:When are they to come? 他们什么时候回来。

We are to meet at the school gate.我们约好在校门口见。

You are to finish the work by noon.你必须在中午以前完成工作。

b)be about to+动词原形。这个结构表示“即将做”或“马上做”的意思。

如:He is about to leave.他马上要动身。

The vacation is about to start.假期即将开始。

二、表示进行动作的动词时态:现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时

1.现在进行时:表示正在进行的动作或者现阶段正在持续的动作。其形式为am/is/are doing.常与进行时连用的时间状语有:now,at this moment,at present等。

如:What are you reading now? 你在看什么?

I am reading today…s Evening News. 我在看今天的晚报。(表示正在进行)

These days I am translating a book. 这几天我在翻译一本书。(表示持续性的动作)

注:a)现在进行时表示计划安排好要做的事情。这一用法只适用于某些动词,如:go, come, leave, start, arrive, return 等。

如:Are you going abroad next year? 明年你要出国吗?

I am leaving by train tonight.我今晚坐火车走。

b)现在进行时与always, forever, constantly等连用,往往表示抱怨、厌烦、不合理或使人不愉快的事情。

如:Jack is always borrowing money and forgetting to pay you back.杰克常常借钱忘还。

My father is forever criticizing me.我父亲总是批评我。

c)在不少情况下,表示正在进行的动作的汉语句子中没有“正在”的字样,但在译为英语的时候必须用进行时态。如:

How is everything going.事情进展的怎么样了?

How are you getting on with your classmates.你和同学相处的如何?

d)不能用进行时的动词有:

表示感觉或感情的词:hear, see, smell, taste, feel

表示存在或所属的词:exist, stay, remain, have

表示认识或理解的词:understand, remember, forget, believe

2.过去进行时:过去进行时表示过去某时正在发生的动作或者过去某段时间持续的动作。其形式:was (were) doing.过去进行时的时间状语往往是表示过去某一点时间的短语或句子。

at nine yesterday, at that time, when I arrived等。

如:We were having dinner when they came.他们来的时候,我们正在吃饭。(表示过去某时正在发生的动作)

I was staying at home all last week.上周我一直都呆在家里。(过去某段时间持续的动作)

注:a)过去进行时表示一种委婉的语气和礼貌的态度。

如:I was wondering if you could help me.不知您能否帮帮我。

b)过去进行时还常常和一般过去时配合使用。此时,过去进行时通常表示一个历时较长的体现背景的动作或状态;而一般过去时表示此背景下发生的短暂的动作或状态。

如:I cut my finger when I was cooking the dinner last night.昨晚做饭时我割了手指。

I was watching TV when the phone rang.我当时正在看电视,这时电话响了。

比较下面两个句子:

I was telephoning Harry when she arrived.(在我打电话过程中,她到了。先telephone,后arrive)

I telephoned Harry when she arrived.(她回来之后我才打电话,先arrive,后telephone.)

c)过去进行时表示过去将来的动作。

如:He didn…t know whether she was coming.他不知道她是否回来。

3.将来进行时表示从现在着眼,从将来某时开始并且持续进行的动作。其形式shall/will be doing 如:

We will be having some new subjects for the next semester. 我们下学期会学一些课程。

What will you be doing this time tomorrow? 你明天这个时候将干什么?

动词的时态

本次课主要讲述了动词时态的用法,需要大家重点掌握的有:

1. 现在完成时、过去完成时

2. 现在完成进行时

3.现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区分

语法讲解:

一、表示完成动作的动词时态:现在完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时

1.现在完成时:have (has) done.

1)表示从现在之前(即过去)开始发生并持续到现在动作或状态。

这种现在完成时的特点:1)谓语动词一般为延续性动词。

2)动作发生在过去,但是这一动作持续到现在,而且还可能继续持续下去。

3)与现在完成时连用的时间状语通常是表示“一段时间”的时间状语,以说明某个动作或状态持续了多久。

如:I have lived there for three years.我已经住在那里三年了。

She has taught in the school since I came here.自从我来到这里她就在学校里教书。

与这种现在完成时搭配的时间状语如下:

a)since+时间点

如:I have worked in this company since 1998.自从1998年我就在这家公司工作

b)for +时间段

如:I have worked in this company for three years.我在这家公司工作三年了。

c)“到目前为止”

until now, up until now, up to now, so far

如:We have up until now failed to take any action to decide on a common language that would further communication between nation.到目前为止,我们尚未采取任何行动来决定一门国际通用语言,以促进国际间交流。

d)“在最近几世纪/年/月以来”

in the past few years, over the past few years, during the last three months, through centuries等。

如:Through history man has had to accept the fact that all living things must die.自古以来,人类就必须接受这样的事实:一切生命体都会消亡。

2)现在完成时表示不确定的过去发生的某一动作对现在仍有影响。谓语动词一般为短暂性动词。

如:He has broken his leg.他的腿跌断了。(言外之意就是他可能现在不能和别的同学一样出去郊游)

注:a)这种现在完成时的动词是短暂性动词,如:come, go, leave, kill, die, lose, buy, start等,因此与他们连用的时间状语不能是指“一段时间”的。

如:不可以说:He has left his hometown for three years.

可以改为:He left his hometown three years ago.

It is three years since he left his hometown.

He has been away from his hometown for three years.

b)这种完成时可以不和任何时间状语连用,也可以和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用。如:already, yet, lately, just, never等。

如:Has it stopped raining yet?雨停了吗?

He has already arrived.他已经到了。

c)这种现在完成时经常用来表示最近发生的动作,提供最新消息,具有新闻性质。

如:The president has been assassinated.总统被暗杀了。

3)现在完成时表示到目前为止的一个时间段内重复发生的动作。

如:We have taken three tests so far this week.我们目前这周已经考过三次试了。(重复发生的动作)

4)其他使用现在完成时的结构

a)this/that/it is +序数词+名词+that +现在完成时

如:It is the first time that I have come to Beijing.这是我第一次来北京。

b)this/that /it is +最高级或only修饰名词+现在完成时

如:This is the best wine I have ever drunk.这是我喝过的最好的葡萄酒。

This is the only book he has written. 这是他写过的唯一的一本书。

现在完成时总是与现在有着密切的联系:或是表示到现在为止这一段时间的“一直在持续”或“重复发生”的动作或状态;或是表示影响现状的事件。

5)现在完成时和一般过去时的对比

a)现在完成时和一般过去时都表示过去发生的动作和状态,但是当我们强调过去的事情对现在仍有重要影响时就要用现在完成时。

如:He has broken his leg.他的腿摔断了。(表明现在不能和同学们一起郊游)

He broke his leg. 他的腿摔断了。(指表明过去的一种经历,但现在腿好了)

b)用于延续性动词时现在完成时和一般过去时的区别:

如:I have smoked for two years.(我有两年的烟龄了)

I smoked for two years.(我抽过两年的烟,但现在戒了)

He has been in the army for 6 years.(他入伍以来已经6年了)

He was in the army for 6 years.(他当过6年的兵,现在不是了)

2.过去完成时:had done

1)表示开始在过去之前(即过去的过去)的动作或状态在过去这一时刻仍在继续。

如:I had stayed in America for two years when he moved here.当他到这里的时候我已经在美国住了两年了。(moved是过去的动作,stayed 发生在moved之前,即过去的过去。在moved 之后还将会继续stayed)

I had learned 1000 words by the end of last year.截止到去年年底我已经学了1000个单词了。(learned在过去时间the end of last year之前已经发生,到去年年底之后还可能继续)

2)表示开始于过去之前的动作到过去这一时刻之前即已停止。并没有持续到这一过去时刻。这时的过去完成时的动作通常是短暂动作。

如:She had made everything ready before I came.在我来之前她已经做好了准备。(made everything ready这个动作发生在came之前,并且已经结束。)

3)表示过去之前开始的动作,在过去之前的一段时间里重复发生。

如:I had written her 100 letters when she finally promised to marry me.在她最后答应嫁给我之前我已经给她写了100信了。(promised发生在过去,而had written 则是过去时间里重复发生的事情)

4)过去完成时的其他用法:

intend, mean, hope, want, plan, suppose, think, expect等动词的过去完成时可以表示过去未能实现的计划、设想、意图或希望等。

如:I had intended to see you, but I was busy.我本来打算去看你但是我很忙。

They had hoped to see you off at the airport, but they got there too late.他们本来希望到机场送你,但是他们去晚了。

过去完成时用于对过去事实进行虚拟的条件句中。

如:If you had been at the party, you would have met him.如果你去了晚会,你就会见到他的。

3.将来完成时态:shall/will have done

表示将来某时之前完成的动作,这一动作往往对将来某时产生影响。常与表将来的时间状语或never, soon

如:I shall have finished writing the article by the end of the week.

我将在本周周末前写完这篇文章。

二、表示完成进行的动词时态:现在完成进行时、过去完成进行时、将来完成进行时

1.现在完成进行时:have/has been doing

1)现在完成进行时强调动作的持续性,表示开始于过去的动作持续到现在,并且活动还没有结束,还将继续持续下去。

如:It began raining at 8 o…clock. Now it is raining. It has been raining since 8 o?clock.

从8点开始一直在下雨。

2)现在完成进行时表示开始于过去的动作持续到现在为止不再继续或表示不久前刚刚结束的动作。

如:I have been looking for you for the last half hour.过去的半小时我一直在找你。(不再持续)

What have you been doing? 你刚才一直在做什么?(表示不久前刚结束)

3)现在完成进行时表示说话时刻以前的一段时间内重复发生的动作。

如:We have been writing to each other for years.我们相互通信多年了。(重复发生)

2.现在完成进行时与现在完成时的比较

1)现在完成进行时和现在完成时的谓语动词都可以表示延续性的,并且与“一段时间”连用。如:

I have been learning English for ten years.

I have learned English for ten years.

但是现在完成时如果不和表示一段时间的状语连用,意义指的是一个完成了的动作。现在完成进行时既可以与一段时间状语连用,也可不连用,同样表达“一直持续的动作”的含义。

如:I have worked in this company.我在这家公司做过。

I have been working in this company.我一直在这家公司工作。

2)现在完成进行时强调动作过程,完成时强调动作的结果

现在完成进行时所强调的是在一段时间内某项活动的持续性,因此强调的是动作本身。现在完成时则是强调动作的结果,不是动作本身。

如:I have been painting the house.我一直在给房子刷漆。

I have painted the house green.我把房子刷成了绿色。

3)短暂动词的完成时不能与“一段时间”的时间状语连用,但是短暂动词的完成进行时可与“一段时间”的状语连用。

如:I have been getting up early since I entered the college.自从上大学以来,我一直坚持早起。

不能说:I have got up early since I entered the college.

(get up是短暂性动词)

人教版七年级英语时态语法讲解

七年级英语语法----时态讲解及其练习 一、一般现在时 定义:表示经常、反复发生的动作,经常存在的状态或者习惯性动作(有时间规律发生的事情)的一种时间状态。(很拗口,但要学会就必须深刻体会,so please 将其狂读3遍) 具体用法 1、表示经常的或习惯性的动作,常与表示频率的时间状语连用。(always, usually, often, sometimes, every day\ morning\ night\ evening\afternoon\week,) e.g. I go to school at 8:00 every morning. 2 表示主语具备的性格、能力、特征和状态及喜好等。 e.g She is 11 years old . I don’t like English. She can speak English well. 3表示客观事实和普遍真理。 e.g The earth moves around the sun. 基本结构构成 含有be(am、is 、are)动词的用法 肯定句:I am+其它 You \ they\ we are +其它 She \he \ it+is +其它 否定句:I am not+ 其它。 You \ they\ we are not +其它 She \he \ it+is +not +其它 一般疑问句及回答: Are you +其它? 肯定回答:yes, I am. 否定回答:no, I am not. Are you\ they\ you+ 其它? 肯定回答: yes,we \they are. 否定回答:no, we \they are not. Is she\ he \it+其它? 肯定回答: yes,she \he \it is. 否定回答:no,she \he \it is not. 从上面结构中你能总结出be动词的用法吗?单数________,复数_________ ;我用_________,你用__________ ,______________-连着她他它。 含实义动词的结构:肯定句: 主语(I, we, you,they,)+动词原形+其它。

初中英语语法——动词的时态

动词的时态 一、考点解读 今天我们复习动词的时态,英语的时态是同学们学习英语的难点,在各地的中考题目中许多题型都会有对于动词时态的考查。出现较多的是在单选,完形填空,及其在第二卷中出现的根据汉语意思填词的题目,还包括翻译句子,书面表达。可以说中考题目中大部分都会涉及到动词的时态。既是难点也是重点。在今天的专题中我们复习初中阶段需要掌握的八个时态。 1.一般现在时 2.现在进行时 3.一般过去时 4.过去进行时 5.一般将来时 6.过去将来时 7.现在完成时 8.过去完成时 二、专题梳理 初中阶段所学的英语的时态有8种。英语的时态有很强的表达能力,能使句子的意思明确,能显示细微的差异,能使句子生动逼真。但它们不是相当灵活,在不同的时间中,要用不同的形式,这是与中文大不相同的地方。 1.一般现在时:一般现在时是描述经常性、反复性的动作、性质或状态的时态。 (1)一般现在时的时间状语通常有: ①often ②usually ③always

④seldom ⑤sometimes ⑥every+时间 ⑦次数+时间 ⑧on+时间 ⑨in+时间 ⑩没有时间,但表示客观存在的事实 (2)一般现在时动词的形式主要用动词原形表示,但如果主语是单数第三人称时,则在动词后加s或es,变成否定句和疑问句时,又将s、es去掉,还为原形。 ①be动词的一般现在时的构成 否定式和疑问否定式如下表所示: ②其他实义动词的一般现在时的构成

其他实义动词一般现在时的构成如下 表所示(以动词work为例) 特别提示: have(has)在表示“有”时,否定形式为haven’t(hasn’t)或have not(has not),变为疑问句时可直接把have(has)放在句首也可借助于助动词do(does)。当不表示“有”的意思时,其否定句和疑问句只能加助动词do(does)构成。 e.g.Has she any experience in teaching piano lessons?(√) Does she have any experience in teaching piano lessons?(√) 她有教钢琴的经验吗? Had you a good time going hiking yesterday?(×) Did you have a good time going hiking yesterday?(√) 你昨天徒步旅行玩得开心吗?

高考英语语法专题复习动词时态和语态

高考英语语法专题复习动词时态和语态 Document number:PBGCG-0857-BTDO-0089-PTT1998

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初中英语语法知识—动词的分类汇编含答案

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初中英语语法八大时态总结

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英语语法初中英语动词时态和语态讲解

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英语语法动词

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初中英语语法动词时态

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初中英语语法知识—动词时态的解析

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英语语法:动 词 的 时 态 和 语 态

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小学英语语法时态讲解与归纳.

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初中英语语法知识—动词时态的专项训练及答案

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英语语法之动词的时态 一、一般现在时的用法: 1. 经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频度的时间状语连用。 时间状语:every…,sometimes,at…,on Sunday I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 我每天早晨7点从家到学校。 2. 客观真理,客观存在,科学事实。 The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。 Shanghai is in the east of China. 上海坐落于中国的东部。 3. 表示状态、性质、现状、特征。 He lives in Beijing. 4.表示格言或警句中。 Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败。 一般现在时记忆口诀: 动词一般现在时,表示经常发生事。 现状性质和特征,能力习惯和真理。 时间状语要记好,频度副词要留意。 Be用am、is、are,跟随主语来变化。 我用am你用are,is连着他、她、它。 单数名词用is,复数后面都用are。 变疑问be提前,not否定be后加。 行为动词做谓语,不同形式辨仔细。 第三人称单数时,动词要用单三式。 Have单三为has,其他动词用原形。 Don't, doesn't 来否定,疑问句首do,does. 还有一点要注意,动词还原别忘记。 二、一般过去时的用法 1. 在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。 时间状语有:yesterday,last week,an hour ago,in1982等。

Where did you go yesterday? 2. 表示在过去一段时间内,经常性或习惯性的动作。 When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 三、一般将来时的用法: 1. “will\shall+动词原形”,表示单纯的将来。 时间状语有tomorrow, next month, in 2020. I will help you carry it. 2.“be going to+动词原形”,表示按照计划、安排打算做某事或有迹象要发生的事。 ①计划,安排要发生的事。 They are going to have sports meeting next month. ②有迹象要发生的事 Look at the dark clouds,there is going to be a storm. 四、现在进行时的用法: 1. “am / is / are+动词-ing”用来表示现在正在发生或进行的动作。时间状语有now, these days, these weeks等。 She is drawing a map. 她在画一张地图。 2.句首有Look ! / Listen !等提示语时,后面的句子中动词一般用现在进行时。 Look ! She is reading under the tree.瞧!她正在树下看书。 3.现在进行时有时可表示将来发生的动作,有"意图"或"打算"的含义(用于go,come,stay,1eave,start等表示移动的动词)。 He is corning to see you tomorrow.他明天要来看你。 They are going to the Ming tombs this coming Sunday. 这个星期天他们要到十三陵去。

初中英语语法知识—动词时态的难题汇编及解析

一、选择题 1.— Could you please tell me yesterday? — In the bookshop nearby. A.Where you bought the book B.Where you buy the book C.Where did you buy the book D.Where do you buy the book 2.—Rose, can you give me a hand? —Just a minute. I ______ the followers. A.am watering B.have watered C.watered D.water 3.We’re not sure _______ there’ll be _______ or not tomorrow. A.if; rains B.if; rainy C.whether; raining D.whether; rain 4.Miss Brown, we ______ cleaning our classroom. Can we go home now? A.finish B.finishing C.are finished D.have finished 5.—Mom, can you teach me how to pronounce the words? —Wait a minute. I ________. A.am cooking B.cook C.cooked D.will cook 6.Dick __________ in America, but he has been ___________ Chinese food since he moved to China. A.used to live; used to eating B.is used to live; used to eat C.is used to live; used to eating D.used to living; used to eat 7.My mother _____ dinner when I got home yesterday. A.has cooked B.was cooking C.will cook D.cooks 8.Which of the following is right? A.He is used to live there. B.My main job is spreading the message about protecting the environment. C.I have borrowed the book from the library for two weeks. D.Kids under 18 are not allowed to drive. 9.— Morning, Mike! Did you sleep well last night? — Yes. I went to bed at 9:30 because there ______ a math test this afternoon. A.was B.will be C.is going to have 10.Doctor Ray, as well as other scientists __________ trees for nearly 15 years, but they know only a little about them. A.study B.studies C.has studied D.have studied 11.My mother when I got home yesterday.

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