当前位置：文档库 › 非谓语动词用法

非谓语动词用法

非谓语动词是动词用法中最为复杂的部分之一，它不仅有时态的变化、语态的不同，而且还要格外注意它所表达的逻辑关系，这些都已经成为非谓语动词用法的难点。近年来，高考对该语法现象的渗透日趋明显和突出，所牵扯到的焦点问题主要有：现在分词和过去分词基础知识；现在分词和过去分词句法功能；现在分词和过去分词用法的区别和辨析；现在分词和过去分词的时态和语态及其构成；现在分词和过去分词在上下文中的联系和纽带作用等。另外，对于动词不定式主要考查一些固定搭配、固定句型和在句子中的句法功能；对于动名词主要考查在一些动词后作宾语的用法等。预测今后高考非谓语动词将是考点中最重要的。

【知识要点】

定义：在英语中，不作句子谓语，而具有除谓语外其他语法功能的动词，叫做非谓语动词。分类：非谓语动词有动词不定式（the Infinitive）；动名词（the Gerund）；现在分词（the Present Participle）；过去分词（the Past Participle）

一、动词不定式

不定式由“to+动词原形”构成，其否定形式是“not to+动词原形”。不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语，没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化。不定式可作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语，但不能单独作谓语。

1.不定式的时态及语态

2.不定式的句法功能

1）作主语：

To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.在十分钟内完成这项工作很难。

动词不定式短语作主语时，常用it作形式主语，例如上面一句可用如下形式：

It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.

2）作表语：

Her job is to clean the hall.她的工作就是打扫大厅。

3）作宾语：

常与不定式作宾语连用的动词有：want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse , manage, help, agree, promise, prefer，afford，ask，decide，expect，intend，等。

如果不定式（宾语）后面有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语（不定式）后置，放在宾语补足语后面，如：

Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.

马克思认为研究俄国的形势很重要。

动词不定式在介词but后面时，如果介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式，那么这些介词后的不定式不带to；否则就要带to。另外在can’t choose but和can’t help but等后面的不定式也省略to。如：

I have no choice but to stay here.我别无选择只有待在这儿。

动词不定式作动词tell，show，understand，explain，teach，learn，advise，discuss等词的宾语时，前面常带疑问词。即：疑问词(how，when，where，what，who)...+to do。如：

He gave us some advice on how to learn English. 他给了我们一些就如何学英语的建议。

4）作宾语补足语：

动词不定式作动词feel,hear，see，watch，notice，observe等感官动词以及have,let，make

等使役动词后面的宾语补足语时，不定式符号to要省略。但如果这些句子变成被动结构时，就必须带to符号。如：

I saw him cross the road.我看到他过了街道。

He was seen to cross the road.他被看到过了街道。

5）作定语：

作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。如：

There is nothing to worry about.没有什么可担心的。

如果不定式修饰time, place, way，可以省略介词：

He has no place to live.他没有住的地方。

This is the best way to work out this problem.这是解决这个问题的最好的办法。

动词不定式作定语，放在所修饰的名词或代词后。与所修饰名词有如下关系：

当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式既可以用主动语态，也可用被动语态，但其含义有所不同。试比较：

Have you got anything to send

（你有什么东西要寄吗？——不定式to send的动作执行者是“你”）

Have you got anything to be sent

（你有什么要（我或别人）寄的东西吗？——不定式to be sent的动作执行者是“我”或“别人”）用不定式作定语的几种情况

不定式表将来

I borrowed some books to read during my holiday.我借了几本书在假期里读。

用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no,all，any等限定的中心词。如：

He was the best man to do the job.他是做这项工作的最佳人选。

She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.

她是在奥运会上获得金牌的第一个女人。

用于修饰的词是抽象名词时，常见的有：ability，chance，idea，fact，excuse，promise，answer，reply，attempt，belief，way，reason，moment，time等。如：

Do you have the ability to read and write English 你具备读、写英语的能力吗？

6）作状语

表目的

He worked day and night to get the money.为了挣钱，他日日夜夜的工作。

注意不定式放句首时，逻辑主语与句子主语要一致：

为了省钱，能用的方法都用上了。

（×)To save money, every means has been tried.

(√)To save money, he has tried every means.

表结果

He arrived late to find the train gone.他来晚了，结果发现火车开走了。

常用only放在不定式前表示强调：

I visited him only to find him out.我来拜访他，结果发现他出去了。

表原因

They were very sad to hear the news.听到这个消息他们非常伤心。

表程度

It’s too dark for us to see anything.天太黑了，我们什么也看不清。

The question is simple for him to answer.这道问题对他来说太容易回答了。

作独立成分

To tell you the truth, I don’t lik e the way he talked.

说实话，我不喜欢他说话的方式。

3.不定式符号to的保留问题

有时为了避免重复，可以用to来代替前面的不定式，这种情况常出现在下列动词后：expect，hope，wish，mean，prefer，care，forget，want，try以及be glad/happy；would like/love等后面。如：

I haven’t been to Hong Kong，but I wish to. 我没去过香港，但我想去。

—I didn’t tell him th e news. 我没有告诉他那消息。

—Oh，you ought to have.你应该告诉他的。

4.动词不定式的几种特殊结构

1）for sb.to do 还是of sb.to do

“for+逻辑主语+不定式”结构称为不定式复合结构，介词可用for或of。当形式主语句型中的表语是形容词，来描述不定式动作时，逻辑主语之前使用for；当它描述不定式的逻辑主语，说明其品质、特征或属性时，要用of，常见形容词有good，nice，clever，wise，foolish，stupid，honest，kind，polite，careful，cruel，brave，crazy等。

2)too ... to结构

在英语中，“too+adj./adv.+to do sth.”结构表示否定意义，意为“太……而不能……”。

也可用so...that句型来表示，但that从句必须用否定形式。如：

You’re too young to understand such things.你太小了，还不能理解那些事情。

=You’re so yong that you can’t understand such things.

注意：在下列场合下，too... to结构表示肯定意义：

某些形容词与too...to 连用表示肯定意义，too相当于very much。这些形容词多是表示心情的词和描述性的形容词。如：ready，glad，pleased，surprised，delighted，happy，easy，eager，thankful，anxious，willing，good，kind，true等。

在too前加上only，but，all，simply或just时，too...to结构表示肯定意义。如：

I’m only too g lad to meet you here again.再次见到你我太高兴了。

二、动名词

动名词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有名词的句法功能。

1.动名词的形式：

否定式：not+动名词

1）一般式：

Seeing is believing.眼见为实。

2）被动式：

He came to the party without being invited.他未被邀请就来到了晚会。

3）完成式：

We remembered having seen the film. 我们记得看过这部电影。

4）完成被动式：

He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old.

他忘记五岁时曾被带到广州去过。

5）否定式：not+动名词

I regret not following his advice.我后悔没听他的劝告。

6）复合结构：物主代词（或名词所有格）+动名词

He suggested our trying it once again.他建议我们再试一次。

His not knowing English troubled him a lot.他不懂英语给他带来许多麻烦。

2.动名词的句法功能：

1）作主语：

Reading aloud is very helpful.朗读是很有好处的。

Collecting stamps is interesting.集邮很有趣。

当动名词短语作主语时常用it作形式主语。

It’s no use quarrelling.争吵是没用的。

2）作表语：

In the ant city, the queen’s job is laying eggs.在蚂蚁王国，蚁后的工作是产卵。

3）作宾语：

They haven’t finished building the dam.他们还没有建好大坝。

We have to prevent the air from being polluted.我们必须阻止空气被污染。

注意：动名词既可作动词宾语也可作介词宾语，如上面两个例句。此外，动名词作宾语时，若跟有宾语补足语，则常用形式宾语it，如：

We found it no good making fun of others. 我们发现取笑他人不好。

要记住如下动词及短语只跟动名词作宾语：

enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid，excuse ,delay, imagine, keep, miss, consider, admit（承认），deny, mind, permit, forbid, practise, risk（冒险）, appreciate, be busy, be worth, feel like, can’t stand,

can’t help, think of, dream of, be fond of, prevent...(from),keep ...from,

stop...(from）,protect...from, set about, be engaged in, spend...(in), succeed in, be used to, look forward to, object to, pay attention to, insist on, feel like

4）作定语：

He can’t walk without a walking stick.他没有拐杖不能走路。

Is there a swimming pool in your school?你们学校有游泳池吗？

5）作同位语：

The cave, his hiding place is secret.那个山洞，他藏身的地方很秘密。

His habit, listening to the news on the radio remains unchanged.

他收听收音机新闻节目的习惯仍未改变。

三、现在分词

现在分词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有形容词和副词的句法功能。

1.现在分词的形式

否定式：not+现在分词

1）现在分词的主动语态：

现在分词主动语态的一般式表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，完成式表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生，常作状语。如：

They went to the park, singing and talking. 他们边唱边说向公园走去。

Having done his homework, he played basketball.做完作业，他开始打篮球。

2）现在分词的被动语态：

一般式表示与谓语动词同时发生的被动的动作，完成式表示发生在谓语动词之前的被动的动作。

The problem being discussed is very important.正在被讨论的问题很重要。

Having been told many times, the naughty boy made the same mistake.

被告诉了好几遍，这个淘气的孩子又犯了同一个错误。

2.现在分词的句法功能：

1）作定语：

现在分词作定语，当分词单独作定语时，放在所修饰的名词前；如果是分词短语作定语放在名词后。

In the following years he worked even harder.

在后来的几年中，他学习更努力了。

The man speaking to the teacher i s our monitor’s father.

正与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲。

现在分词作定语相当于一个定语从句的句法功能，如：

in the following years 也可用in the years that followed;

the man speaking to the teacher

可改为the man who is speaking to the teacher.

2）现在分词作表语：

The film being shown in the cinema is exciting.正在这家上演的电影很棒。

The present situation is inspiring.当前的形势鼓舞人心。

be+doing既可能表示现在进行时，也可能是现在分词作表语，它们的区别在于be+doing表示进行的动作是进行时，而表示特征时是系动词be与现在分词构成系表结构。

3）作宾语补足语：

如下动词后可跟现在分词作宾语补足语：see, watch, hear, feel, find, get, keep, notice, observe, listen to, look at, leave, catch等。如：

Can you hear her singing the song in the next room？你能听见她在隔壁唱歌吗？

He kept the car waiting at the gate. 他让小汽车在门口等着。

4）现在分词作状语

作时间状语

(While)Working in the factory, he was an advanced worker.

在工厂工作时，他是一名先进工人。

作原因状语

Being a League member, he is always helping others.

由于是共青团员，他经常帮助他人。

作方式状语，表示伴随

He stayed at home, cleaning and washing. 他待在家里，又擦又洗。

作条件状语

(If)Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time.

要是整天玩，你就会浪费宝贵的时间。

作结果状语

He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces.他把杯子掉了，结果摔得粉碎。作目的状语

He went swimming the other day. 几天前他去游泳了。

作让步状语

Though raining heavily, it cleared up very soon.

虽然雨下得很大，但不久天就晴了。

与逻辑主语构成独立主格

I waiting for the bus, a bird fell on my heard.

我等汽车时，一只鸟落到我头上。

All the tickets having been sold out, they went away disappointedly.

所有的票已经卖光了，他们失望地离开了。

Time permitting, we’ll do another two exercises.

如果时间允许，我们将做另两个练习。

有时也可用with (without)+名词（代词宾格）+分词形式

With the lights burning, he fell asleep.他点着灯睡着了。

作独立成分

Judging from(by)his appearance, he must be an actor.

从外表看，他一定是个演员。

Generally speaking, girls are more careful.

一般说来，女孩子更细心。

四、过去分词

过去分词只有一种形式：规则动词由动词原形加词尾 ed构成。不规则动词的过去分词没有统一的规则要求，要一一记住。

过去分词的句法功能：

1.过去分词作定语

Our class went on an organized trip last Monday.

上周一我们班开展了一次有组织的旅行。

Those elected as committee members will attend the meeting.

当选为委员的人将出席这次会。

注意当过去分词是单词时，一般用于名词前，如果是过去分词短语，就放在名词的后面。过去分词作定语相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。

2.过去分词作表语

The window is broken.窗户破了。

They were frightened at the sad sight.他们对眼前悲惨的景象感到很害怕。

注意：be+过去分词，如果表示状态是系表结构，如果表示被动的动作是被动语态。区别：The window is broken.（系表）

The window was broken by the boy.（被动）

有些过去分词是不及物动词构成的，不表示被动，只表示完成。如：

boiled water（开水）

fallen leaves（落叶）

newly arrived goods（新到的货）

the risen sun（升起的太阳）

the changed world（变了的世界）

这类过去分词有：gone, come, fallen, risen, changed, arrived, returned, p assed等。

3.过去分词作宾语补足语

I heard the song sung several times last week.上周我听见这首歌被唱了好几次。

有时过去分词作with短语中的宾语补足语：

With the work done, they went out to play.工作做完了，他们出去玩去了。

4.过去分词作状语

1）表示原因

Praised by the neighbours, he became the pride of his parents.

受到邻居们的表扬，他成为父母的骄傲。

2）表示时间

Once seen, it can never be forgotten.

一旦它被看见，人们就忘不了。

3）表示条件

Given more time, I’ll be able to do it better.如果给予更多的时间，我能做得更好。4）表示让步

Though told of the danger, he still risked his life to save the boy.

虽然被告之有危险，他仍然冒生命危险去救那个孩子。

Filled with hopes and fears, he entered the cave.

心中充满了希望与恐惧，他走进山洞。

高考英语非谓语动词常见题型及答题技巧及练习题(含答案)

高考英语非谓语动词常见题型及答题技巧及练习题(含答案) 一、单项选择非谓语动词 1．(湖南) There is no greater pleasure than lying on my back in the middle of the grassland, ___________ at the night sky. A．to stare B．staring C．stared D．having stared 【答案】B 【解析】试题分析：考查非谓语动词用法。句中的动词stare的逻辑主语是隐含主语I，两者之间为主动关系，故用现在分词。句意：没有比背躺在草地中间，盯着夜空更快乐的事情了。故B正确。考点：考查非谓语动词用法 2．______ the pictures on the screen more clearly, they moved to the front row. A．To watch B．Watching C．Watched D．Having watched 【答案】A 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了更清楚的看屏幕上的图片，他们移到了前排。表示目的用不定式，故选A。 3．______ to as much English as possible is a good way to learn English well. A．Exposed B．Being exposed C．Having exposed D．To expose 【答案】B 【解析】试题分析：句意：尽可能多的接触英语是学好英语的很好的办法。这里is是谓语，前面是主语，应该用动名词，而且be exposed to“暴露于，接触”，所以选B。考点：考查动名词做主语 4．On the third floor there are two rooms, ________ used as a meeting-room. A．the larger of which B．one of them C．and a larger of them D．the largest one of which 【答案】B 【解析】考查过去分词的独立主格结构。句意：三楼有两个房间，其中一个被用作会议室。如果选A项，是非限制性定语从句，从句应该用一般过去时态的被动语态，此处used是过去分词，所以A错；如果选C项，中间加and表明是并列句，the+比较级，才表示“两个当中更大的”，故C项错；因为是两个房间，不可能出现最高级，故D项错；只有选B项是过去

非谓语动词用法对比练习

非谓语动词用法对比 1、They knew her very well. They had seen her up from childhood. A．grow B．grew C．was growing D．to grow 2、Tom kept quiet about the accident lose his job. A．so not as to B．so as not to C．so as to not D．not so as to 3、She reached the top of the hill and stopped on a big rock by the side of the path. A．to have rested B．resting C．to rest D．rest 4、The next morning she found the man in bed, dead. A．lying B．lie C．lay D．laying 5、Only one of these books is . A．worth to read B．worth being read C．worth of reading D．worth reading 6、The squirrel was lucky that it just missed . A．catching B．to be caught C．being caught D．to catch 7、Most of the people to the party were famous scientists. A．invited B．to invite C．being invited D．inviting 8、She didn’t remember him before. A．having met B．have met C．to meet D．to having met 9、——Good morning. Can I help you? ——I’d like to have this package, madam. A．be weighed B．to be weighed C．to weigh D．weighed 10、There was a terrible noise the sudden burst of light. A．followed B．following C．to be followed D．being followed 11、The murderer was brought in, with his hands behind. A．being tied B．having tied C．to be tied D．tied 12、On Saturday afternoon, Mrs. Green went to the market, some bananas and visited her cousin. A．bought B．buying C．to buy D．buy 13、The secretary worked late into the night, a long speech for the president. A．to prepare B．preparing C．prepared D．was preparing 14、I can hardly imagine Peter across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. A．sail B．to sail C．sailing D．to have sailed 15、John was made the truck for a week as a punishment. A．to wash B．washing C．wash D．to be washing 16、I would appreciate back this afternoon. A．you to call B．you call C．your calling D．you’re calling 17、John was so sleepy that he could hardly keep his eyes . A．open B．to be opened C．to open D．opening 18、 a reply, he decided to write again. A．Not receiving B．Receiving not C．Not having received D．Having not received 19、Charles Babbage is generally considered the first computer. A．to have invented B．inventing C．to invent D．having invented 20、“Can’t you read?” Mary said to the notice. A．angrily pointing B．and point angrily C．angrily pointed D．and angrily pointing 21、Rather than on a crowded bus, he always prefers a bicycle. A．ride, ride B．riding, ride C．ride, to ride D．to ride, riding 22、The missing boys were last seen near the river. A．playing B．to be playing C．play D．to play

非谓语动词常考知识用法必背

非谓语动词常考知识点用法必背一、作宾语（一）以下动词后，只能跟不定式作宾语 afford to do（付得起），agree to do（同意），decide to do（决定），determine to do（决心），expect to do（期待），fail to do（未履行），help (to )do（帮助），hope to do（希望），learn to do（学会），manage to do（设法），offer to do（主动提出），plan to do（计划），pretend to do（假装），promise to do（答应），refuse to do（拒绝），seem to do（觉得好像），want to do（想要），wish to do（希望）happen to do 举例：1.The driver failed to see the other car in time. 司机没能及时看见另一辆车。 2. I happen to know the answer to your question. 我碰巧知道你那道问题的答案。 3. He managed to pass the driving test. 他设法通过了驾驶考试。 4. My father promised to buy me a new bike. 我爸爸答应给我买一辆新单车。 5. He can’t afford to buy an expensive car. 他买不起昂贵的小车。 6. We decide to study hard from now on. 我们决定从现在起努力学习。（二）以下动词后，只能跟动名词作宾语 avoid doing(避免) ，consider doing（考虑做），enjoy doing（乐于做），keep doing（继续做）finish doing（完成），suggest doing（建议做），dislike doing（不喜欢），escape doing（逃脱）cannot help doing（禁不住），imagine doing（想象），mind doing（介意），miss doing（错过），practise doing（练习），appreciate感激，欣赏举例：1. You can hardly avoid meeting her if you both work in the same office.如果你们两人在同一个办公室做事，你几乎免不了要遇见她。 2．We are considering going shopping this afternoon.我们正考虑下午去购物。 3. I enjoy reading in the library at weekend. 我喜欢周末在图书馆看书。 4. The little girl escaped being injured in the accident. 这个小女孩没有在这次事故中受伤。 5. We often practice speaking English in the morning. 我们经常在早上练习说英语。 6．I appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago. 我很感激两年前能有出国学习的机会. （三）以下动词后，既可跟动名词又可跟不定式作宾语，但意义不同 stop to do停下、、、去做另一件事mean to do计划/打算做某事try to do尽力做某事 stop doing停止做某事mean doin g 意味着try doing尝试做某事 regret to do遗憾没有/要去做某事go on to do接着去做某事forget to d o忘记去做某事regret doing后悔做了某事go on doing继续做某事forget doing忘记曾做过某事remember to do记得要去做某事remember doing记得曾做过某事（四）作介词宾语： devote to(doing) sth 献身于，object to (doing) sth.反对，pay attention to注意 get down to开始着手做，lead to导致, look forward to(doing ) sth.盼望stick to坚持，be used to ( doing) sth习惯于等give up doing 放弃 feel like doing想要做某事keep on doing 继续insist on（doing）坚持 e.g.1. I am looking forward to seeing you again. 2. The little boy feels like being taken outside. 3. My grandfather is used to getting up early in the morning. 4. He has devoted his whole life to teaching. （五）以下动词后，既可跟动名词又可跟不定式作宾语，但意义没有大区别 begin to do begin doing start to do start doing开始做continue to do continue doing继续做 like to do like doing 1

高考英语非谓语动词用法总结(完整)

高考英语非谓语动词用法总结(完整) 一、单项选择非谓语动词 1．The rainforest is an amazing place, ________ with plants and animals that aren’t found anywhere else in the world. A．filling B．filled C．being filled D．to fill 【答案】B 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：热带雨林是一个令人惊讶的地方，充满了世界其他地方不能找到的动植物。固定词组：be filled with被……充满，此处place和fill之间是一种被动关系，所以用过去分词做伴随状态，故选B。 2．115．______ his love, Chris sent his mom a thank-you note on Mother’s Day. A．Expressing B．Expressed C．To express D．Having expressed 【答案】C 【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：为了表达他的爱，克里斯在母亲节那天给他的妈妈寄了一条感谢信。用不定式表目的，故选C。 3．After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress, Anne Benedict went on all the people who had helped in her career. A．to thank B．thanking C．having thanked D．to have thanked 【答案】A 【解析】试题分析：句意：在获得奥斯卡最佳女配角后，Anne Benedict继续感谢所有帮助她演绎生涯的人。go on to do继续做不同的事情，所以选A。考点：考查不定式【名师点睛】不定式有一些具体的用法，可以做宾语，定语，状语。还有不定式的不同形式：to do；to be doing；to have done。这题要注意go on to do“继续做不同的事情”和go on doing“继续做相同的事情”的区别。结合语境是关键。 4．Pressed from his parents, and ____ that he has wasted too much time, the boy is determined to stop playing video games. A．realizing B．realized C．to realize D．being realized 【答案】A 【解析】试题分析：考查非谓语动词的用法。句意：被父母迫使同时自己也意识到他已经浪费了太多时间，这个男孩决定停止玩电脑游戏。首先要弄清楚本句中的and连接的成分是非谓语

谓语与非谓语用法区别与练习

谓语与非谓语使用谓语的情况：句中没有谓语，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的词与已存在谓语主语一致，且中间有并列或转折连词时，需填的词则是谓语动词。时态考虑要瞻前顾后。在确定需要使用谓语动词时候，还需要注意谓语动词的时态，语态，主谓一致以及语气。使用非谓语的情况：句子已有谓语，又不做并列谓语，该动词仍然需要表示动作，此时应该使用动词的非谓语形式。确定需要使用非谓语时首先要确定该非谓语在句子做何种成分，非谓语做主语时候只能不定式或者ving形式，非谓语做定语时：常用在名词或者代词后，其中不定式做定语有将来的意味，过去分词作定语表示该非谓语动词与前面被修饰的名词或者代词为动宾关系，并且此非谓语动词已经完成了。现在分词作定语表示该分词与前面被修饰的名词或者代词为主动关系，现在分词作定语表示主动和进行。非谓语做宾语时，需要实记哪些动词后只能接不定式做宾语，哪些动词后只能接ving做宾语，哪些动词后2者都可接，但是意义不一样。非谓语做状语时，不定式表示目的，可放在句子前面，也可放在句子后面，不需要与句子隔开。过去分词作状语表示该分词与句子主语为动宾关系，现在分词作状语时。表示该分词与句子主语为主动关系 1.The first card ____________(design) by J.C.Horsley as a commercial endeavor. designed 2.Smaller cars are just one of the directions that the car industry is taking. Also the industry _____is producing_________(produce) cars that pollute less and have a less harmful effect on the environment these days 3.Nobody knows what ________would have happened_____________(happen) if she had refused to pay. 4.His fear of failure kept him from classroom games that other children ___were playing_______(play) with joyous abandon. 5.……The happiest of people don’t necessarily have the best of everything; they just make the most of everything that __comes_____(come) along their way. 6.…….The country life he was used to ________has changed____ （change ）greatly since the opening policy. 7.While most young people are happy overall with the way their lives_____are going__(go),there are still racial differences. 8.When I think back to many positive influence on my childhood, I recognize that some of the greatest gifts I __have received__ (receive) are the lessons I collected from the older people in my life. 9.An experienced driver, whose manners are faultless, told me it __helps_ (help) if drivers learn to correctly join in traffic jam. 10.But she knew most of them ____had drawn____ (draw) pictures of turkeys or tables with food 11.For some, practical skills are the essence of education, and therefore, courses on computer science, marketing and finance__is preferred____(prefer 12.It is impossible that he will never again in his life__be given__(give) so much without doing something in return 13.The international agreement, intended to encourage children not to smoke and______help_____ (help) people kick the habit, ____were signed______ (sign) on February 27 last summer. 14.14.He walked in as if he ___had bought_ (buy) the school. And he word quickly got around that he was from New York 16.___Taken_____(take) in time and in proper amount, the pill is quite effective. 15.We can cut down energy ____consumed_____ (consume) in the automobile industry by means of improving the technology. 16.I’ll have my laptop____repaired_______ (repair) tomorrow at the authorized service centre. 17.This topic is so complicated that I can’t make you _________understand__________(understand) me. 18.I have to simplify this complicated problem to make myself ______understood___________(understand) 19.She devoted herself to her work. What’s more, she_____improved________(improve)herself by_____attending______(attend) courses in an open university. Finally, her efforts_____paid off_______(pay off) and she got a better paying job. 20.The issue _____being discussed_______(discuss) now at the meeting is of great importance. 21.The issue ______discussed______(discuss) at the meeting last week is of great importance. 22.The office lady had her purse_____stolen_____(steal) when __taking_____(take) the subway back to her apartment. 23.______Faced___(face) with the traffic jams and serious pollution, we recently have a heated discussion in our class. 24.Missing the bus means_____waiting_______(wait) for another hour. 25.It is the greatest happiness in this world __to love_______(love )and to be____loved_____(love) 26.___Judging__________(judge) from his_____excited________(excite) face, he enjoyed himself at the party. 27.All of us were _____puzzled_____(puzzle) by the ____puzzling_______ (puzzle)question ______raised_____(raise) by a six-year-old boy. 28.Wise men say ___cultivating_______(cultivate) friendship is just like ____planting______(plant) trees. 29.After a rest, we went on ___doing____(do) the same problems. 30.I smell something_______burning___(burn) in the kitchen. Can I call you back in a minute? 二、语篇填空用所给动词的适当形式填空。 Freud was one of the first scientists [1]_______（make）serious research of the mind. The mind is the collection of activities [2]________（base）in the brain that involve how we act, think, feel and reason. He used long talks with patients and the study of dreams [3]___________（search）for the causes of mental and emotional problems. He also tried hypnosis(催眠). He wanted to see if [4]________（put）patients into a sleep-like condition would help ease [5]________（trouble）minds. In most cases he found the effects only

非谓语动词用法归纳(语法)

一、表格的用法 1.doing 的用法（1）在要求动词后（作宾语）：avoid避免appreciate 感激/欣赏acknowledge承认/自认admit 承认advocate 提倡/主张consider 考虑can't help不禁can't stand受不了contemplate细想complete完成confess坦白dislike 不喜欢，讨厌deserve值得delay延迟deny否认dread可怕defer拖延detest嫌恶enjoy享有/喜爱envy嫉妒endure忍受excuse借口escape逃跑/逃避finish完成forgive原谅fancy幻想/爱好favor 造成/偏爱figure描绘/计算hate讨厌imagine设想involve卷入/包含keep保持miss错过mention说到/讲到mind 介意pardon原谅/饶恕permit允许postpone推迟practice 实行/实践prevent阻止quit放弃停止risk冒险recall回想resist抵抗/阻止resume恢复repent悔悟resent怨恨stand坚持/忍受suggest建议save营救/储蓄tolerate忍受worth值得You should try to avoid making mistakes. The book is worth reading. The book deserves reading. （2）表进行 Walking on the grassland, I saw a snake.=When I was walking on the grassland, I saw a snake. The man speaking English is Tom. = The man who is speaking English is Tom. （3）表主动 The man speaking English is Tom = The man who speaks English is Tom. = The man who spoke English is Tom. Nobody dinks boiling water but boiled water.= Nobody dinks water that is boiling but the water that has boiled. （4）表伴随 I stand outside waiting for Mr. Chen. I lie in bed reading a novel. （5）表性质；特点 The film is very moving. She is understanding, so you had better discuss your business with her. （6）概括性,一般性 Climbing mountain is very interesting. Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(概括性,一般性) Our work is serving the people．（7）动名词的逻辑主语为；①人称代词的所有格+动名词；②名词's+动名词。例如： Tom insisted on my going with them．他坚持要我和他们一起去。 He dislikes his wife's working late．他不喜欢他妻子工作得很晚。

(完整版)非谓语的用法总结

非谓语动词的用法总结李靖非谓语动词（不定式、动名词、分词）不是真正意义上的谓语动词，在句中都不能单独作谓语。但都具有动词的某些特点，可以有自己的宾语或状语，构成非谓语动词短语。不定式表目的，表将来；动名词表主动，表进行；过去分词表被动，表完成。一．作主语( 动名词、不定式、过去分词前面加being, 动名词做主语谓语动词用单数) 1）不定式、动名词都可做主语，但是动名词做主语多指抽象的概念性的动作，可以是多次的经常的行为；不定式多表示具体的动作，尤其是某一次的动作。如： Playing with fire is dangerous. 玩火危险。（泛指玩火） To play with fire will be dangerous. 玩火会发生危险。 2）用动名词做主语的句型: It’s no use/no good/pleasure doing sth 做.......没有用处/好处/乐趣 It’s a waste of time doing sth 做.... 浪费时间 It is worth doing sth 值得做某事 It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收 It is worth making an appointment before you go. 去之前预约一下是值得的。 3）不定式做主语的句型. It is + adj +for sb to do sth. 比较：表示人的品质时只能用of sb 如considerate/kind/nice/foolish/stupid/rude/cruel /wise/clever/brave/selfish/crazy/good/careful/careless/impolite/right/wrong等单词出现时。 It is silly of you to say so. It is important for us to learn English well. It is a must/ a necessity for us to have a good command of the English language. 4) “Wh- + to 不定式”可做主语。如： When to leave hasn’t been decided yet.什么时候动身还没定呢。 Whether to drive or take the train is still a problem.是自驾车还是乘火车仍是一个问题。 5）一般情况下，不定式和动名词作主语，谓语动词一般用单数形式。如： Seeing is believing.= To see is to believe 眼见为实。 . Planting flowers needs constant watering. 但and连接的多个动名词作主语，谓语动词大多用复数（如果前后动名词的语义一致，谓语一般用单数）。如：Lying and stealing are immoral. 说谎与盗窃是不道德的。 6) 动名词前面可以加上形容词性物主代词构成动名词的复合结构。如： ----- What made him angry? ------ Mary’s /My/His/Her /Their/ The boy’s/ The president’s being late（made him angry. 7being，构成动名词，做主语。如： . Being examined twice a year , driver must obey in this city. 经典练习：

非谓语动词用法详解

非谓语动词用法详解动词的非谓语形式有三种：不定式、动名词和分词 (一)不定式不定式由“to十动词原形”构成，其否定形式是“not to do”．不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语，没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化．不定式可作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语，但不能单独作谓语．不定式的逻辑主语有时用“for十名词或代词宾格”构成． 1．不定式的用法： l)作主语．不定式短语作主语时，往往放在谓语之后，用it作形式主语．例如： To see is to believe． It is right to give up smoking． 2)作宾语．不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语。往往把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后，而用it作形式宾语．例如： He wanted to go． I find it interesting to study work with him. 3)作宾语补足语．例如： He asked me to do the work with him. 注意：在feel，hear，listen to，look at，notice, observe，see，watch，have, let，make等词后的补足语中，不定式不带to．但是这些句子如果变成被动结构时，就必须带to．例如 I often hear him sing the song． He is often heard to sing the song．注意：不定式动词在介词but，except，besides后面时，如果这些介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式，那么，这些介词后的不定式不带to，否则要带to．如： She could do nothing but cry. What do you like to do besides swim? I have no choice but to go．动词help之后，带to或不带to都可以。 Will you please help me (to) take this suitcase? 请你帮我提一下这个衣箱好吗？She often helps her mother (to) clean their house. 她经常帮助她妈妈打扫房子。 4)作定语．例如： I have some books for you to read．注①作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词．例如： He is looking for a room to live in． There is nothing to worry about．

英语中非谓语动词的用法

非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义，我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。 1．不定式和动名词作主语的区别（1）动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here．这里禁止抽烟。(抽象) It is not very good for you to smoke so much．你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体) （2）动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。 Climbing mountains is interesting．爬山很有趣。(经验) Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验) （3）不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。 It took me only five minutes to finish the job. 2．不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别（1）不定式作表语 1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。 To do two things at a time is to do neither．--次做两件事等于未做。 What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建议是立刻开始干。（2）如果主语是不定式（表示条件），表语也是不定式（表示结果）。 To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。 To work means to earn a living．工作就是为了生活。（3）如果主语是以aim，duty，hope，idea，happiness，job，plan，problem，purpose，thing，wish等为中心的名词，或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。 His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future．他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。 The function of Louis Sullivan's architecture was to provide large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior. The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the future of the plant．（2）动名词作表语：动名词作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为。 Our work is serving the people．我们的工作是为人民服务。 His hobby is collecting stamps．他的爱好是集邮。