Lesson 1 Towards a Mathematical Science of Computation_text_vocabulary_question
Lesson 1 Towards a Mathematical Science of Computation 第一课数学化的计算科学的前景
1 Introduction
In this paper I shall discuss the prospects for a mathematical science of computation. In a mathematical science, It is possible to deduce from the basic assumptions, the important properties of the entities treated by the science. Thus, from Newton’s law of gravitation and his laws of motion, one can deduce that the planetary orbits obey Kepler’s laws.
What are the entities with which the science of computation deals?
What kinds of facts about these entities would we like to derive?
What are the basic assumptions from which we should start?
What important results have already been obtained?
How can the mathematical science help in the solution of practical problems?
I would like to propose some partial answers to these questions. These partial answers suggest some problems for future work. First, I shall give some very sketchy general answers to the questions. Then, I shall present some recent results on three specific questions. Finally, I shall try to draw some conclusions about practical applications and problems for future work.
2 What are the Entities with Which Computer Science Deals?
These are problems, procedures, data spaces, programs representing procedures in particular programming languages, and computers.
A problem is defined by the criterion which determines whether a proposed solution is accepted. One can understand a problem completely without having any method of solution. Procedures are usually built up from elementary procedures. What these elementary procedures may be, and how more complex procedures are constructed from them, is one of the first topics in computer science. This subject is not hard to understand since there is a precise notion of a computable function to guide us, and computability relative to a given collection of initial functions is easy to define.
Procedures operate on members of certain data spaces and produce members
of other data spaces, using in general still other data spaces as intermediates. A number of operations are known for constructing new data spaces from simpler ones, but there is as yet no general theory of representable data spaces comparable to the theory of computable functions.
Programs are symbolic expressions representing procedures. The same procedure may be represented by different programs in different programming languages. We shall discuss the problem of defining a programming language semantically by stating what procedures the programs represent. As for the syntax of programming languages, the rules which allow us to determine whether an expression belongs to the language have been formalized, but the parts of the syntax which relate closely to the semantics have not been so well studied. The problem of translating procedures from one programming language to another has been much studied, and we shall try to give a definition of the correctness of the translation.
Computers are finite automata. From our point of view, a computer is defined by the effect of executing a program with given input on the state of its memory and on its outputs. Computer science must study the various ways elements of data spaces are represented in the memory of the computer and how procedures are represented by computer programs. From this point of view, most of the current work on automata theory is beside the point.
3 What Kinds of Facts about Probl ems, Procedures, Data Spaces, Programs, and Computers Would We Like to Derive?
Primarily, we would like to be able to prove that given procedures solve given problems. However, proving this may involve proving a whole host of other kinds of statement such as:
1. Two procedures are equivalent, i.e. compute the same function.
2. A number of computable functions satisfy a certain relationship, such as an algebraic identity or a formula of the functional calculus.
3. A certain procedure terminates for certain initial data, or for all initial data.
4. A certain translation procedure correctly translates procedures between one programming language and another.
5. One procedure is more efficient than another equivalent procedure in the sense of taking fewer steps or requiring less memory.
6. A certain transformation of programs preserves the function expressed but increases the efficiency.
7. A certain class of problems is unsolvable by any procedure, or requires procedures of a certain type for its solution.
4 What are the Axioms and Rules of Inference of A Mathematical Science of Computation?
Ideally we would like a mathematical theory in which every true statement about procedures would have a proof, and preferably a proof that is easy to find, not too long, and easy to check. In 1931, G?del proved a result, one of whose immediate consequences is that there is no complete mathematical theory of computation. Given any mathematical theory of computation there are true statements expressible in it which do not have proofs.[1]Nevertheless, we can hope for a theory which is adequate for practical purposes, like proving that compilers work; the unprovable statements tend to be of a rather sweeping character, such as that the system itself is consistent.
It is almost possible to take over one of the systems of elementary number theory such as that given in Mostowski’s book Sentences Undecidable in Formalized Arithmetic, since the content of a theory of computation is quite similar. Unfortunately, this and similar systems were designed to make it easy to prove meta-theorems about the system, rather than to prove theorems in the system. As a result, the integers are given such a special role that the proofs of quite easy statements about simple procedures would be extremely long.
Therefore it is necessary to construct a new, though similar, theory in which neither the integers nor any other domain(e.g. strings of symbols) are given a special role. Some partial results in this direction are described in this paper. Namely, an integer-free formalism for describing computations has been developed and shown to be adequate in the cases where it can be compared with other formalisms. Some methods of proof have been developed, but there is still a gap when it comes to methods of proving that a procedure terminates. The theory also requires extension in order to treat the properties of data spaces.
5 What Important Results have been Obtained Relevant to a Mathematical Science of Computation?
In 1936, the notion of a computable function was clarified by Turing, and he showed the existence of universal computers that, with an appropriate program, could compute anything computed by any other computer.[2] All our stored program computers, when provided with unlimited auxiliary storage, are universal in Turing’s sense. In some subconscious sense even the sales departments of computer manufacturers are aware of this, and they do not advertise magic instructions that cannot be simulated on competitors machines, but only that their machines are faster, cheaper, have more memory, or are easier to program.
The second major result was the existence of classes of unsolvable problems. This keeps all but the most ignorant of us out of certain Quixotic enterprises such as trying to invent a debugging procedure that can infallibly tell if a program being examined will get into a loop.[3] Later in this paper we shall discuss the relevance of the results of mathematical logic on creative sets to the problem of whether it is possible for a machine to be as intelligent as a human. In my opinion it is very important to build a firmer bridge between logic and recursive function theory on the one side, and the practice of computation on the other.
Much of the work on the theory of finite automata has been motivated by the hope of applying it to computation. I think this hope is mostly in vain because the fact of finiteness is used to show that the automaton will eventually repeat a state. However, anyone who waits for an IBM 7090 to repeat a state, solely because it is a finite automaton is in for a very long wait.
6 How Can a Mathematical Science of Computation Help in the Solution of Practical Probl ems?
Naturally, the most important applications of a science cannot be foreseen when it is just beginning. However, the following applications can be foreseen.
1. At present, programming languages are constructed in a very unsystematic way. A number of proposed features are invented, and then we argue about whether each feature is worth its cost. A better understanding of the structure of computations and of data spaces will make it easier to see what features are really desirable.
2. It should be possible almost to eliminate debugging. Debugging is the testing of a program on cases one hopes are typical, until it seems to work. This hope is frequently vain. Instead of debugging a program, one should prove that it meets its specifications, and this proof should be checked by a computer program. For this to be possible, formal systems are required in which it is easy to write proofs. There is a good prospect of doing this, because we can require the computer to do much more work in checking each step than a human is willing to do. Therefore, the steps can be bigger than with present formal systems.
Vocabulary
1．mathematical science of computation 这里mathematical应当是限定science of computation的, 可以翻译成数学(化)的计算科学，意指在计算科学中利用数学方法。
2．sketchy adj. 粗略的。
3．prospect n. 景象，景色，前景，前途视野；展望；眺望；预期；指望 vt. 勘探，勘察，找矿；对……进行仔细调查。
4．deduce vt. 推论, 演绎出。
5．semantics n. 语义学。
6．automata n. 自动操作, 自动控制。
7．subconscious adj. 下意识的; 潜意识的。
8．infallible adj. 不会犯错误的, 无过失的; 极准确的, 极精确的; 绝对可靠的; 万无一失的；永远有效的。
9．quixotic adj.堂吉柯德式的, 空想的, 不切实际的。
10．sweeping adj. 包罗万象的, 一扫而光的; 笼统的, 泛泛的, 一概而论的; 影响广泛的；大范围的。
Questions and Answers
(1) According to the text, the entities that Computer Science deals with may not
include ( ).
A. problems
B. procedures
C. programming languages
D. computers
(2) According to the text, what is one of the first topics in computer science? ( )
A. What these elementary procedures may be?
B. How more complex procedures are constructed from elementary procedures?
C. How to understand a problem completely?
D. What elementary procedures may be, and how more complex procedures are constructed from them?
(3) Which of the following statements describes the relationship between
procedures and programming languages. ( )
A. The same procedure may be represented by different programs in different programming languages.
B. The problem of translating procedures from one programming language to another is easy.
C. The problem of defining a programming language semantically can be solved by stating what procedures the programs represent.
D. Computer science must study how procedures are represented by computer programs.
(4) Which of the following statements is wrong for describing the relationship of
procedure to data space and programming languages? ( )
A. Procedures operate on members of certain data spaces and produce members of other data spaces.
B. Programs are symbolic expressions representing procedures.
C. The same procedure may be represented by different programs in different programming languages.
D. Programming languages are constructed from different procedure.
(5) According to the text, which of the following statements is wrong about
computer?( )
A. Computers are finite automata.
B. A computer is defined by the effect of executing a program with given input on the state of its memory and on its outputs.
C. Much of the work on the theory of finite automata is fruitful when it is applied to computation.
D. Most of the current work on automata theory is beside the point of computer science.
(6) According to the text of section 4, which of the following statement is
wrong?( )
A. We would like a mathematical theory in which every true statement about procedures would have an easy short proof.
B. There is no complete mathematical theory of computation.
C. We hope for a theory which is adequate for practical purposes, like proving that compilers work.
D. An integer-free formalism for describing computations has been developed and can be used to prove a procedure terminates.
(7) What important results have been obtained relevant to a mathematical science
of computation?( )
A. The notion of a computable function was clarified by Turing.
B. Much of the work on the theory of finite automata has been done.
C. Existence of classes of unsolvable problems.
D. A machine to be as intelligent as a human.
(8) What kind of work does the author suggest not to solve by mathematics science
of computation?( )
A. Confirming each feature of a programming language is worth its cost.
B. Proving a program meets its specifications, instead of debugging it.
C. Checking each step of program by human.
D. Better understanding of the structure of computations and of data spaces. Probl ems
1. What is the object of computer science?
2. How can mathematics help computer science?
SCI收录期刊投稿全过程英文信件模板一览
SCI收录期刊投稿全过程英文信件模板一览 一、最初投稿Cover letter Dear Editors: We would like to submit the enclosed manuscript entitled “Paper Title”, which we wish to be considered for publication in “Journal Name”. No conflict of interest exits in the submission of this manuscript, and manuscript is approved by all authors for publication. I would like to declare on behalf of my co-authors that the work described was original research that has not been published previously, and not under consideration for publication elsewhere, in whole or in part. All the authors listed have approved the manuscript that is enclosed. In this work, we evaluated …… (简要介绍一下论文的创新性). I hope this paper is suitable for “Journal Name”. The following is a list of possible reviewers for your consideration: 1) Name A E-mail: ××××@×××× 2) Name B E-mail: ××××@×××× We deeply appreciate your consideration of our manuscript, and we look forward to receiving comments from the reviewers. If you have any queries, please don’t hesitate to contact me at the address below. Thank you and best regards. Yours sincerely, ×××××× Corresponding author: Name: ××× E-mail: ××××@×××× 二、催稿信 Dear Prof. ×××: Sorry for disturbing you. I am not sure if it is the right time to contact you to inquire about the status of my submitted manuscript titled “Paper Title”. (ID: 文章稿号), although the status of “With Editor” has been lasting for more than two months, since submitted to journal three months ago. I am just wondering that my manuscript has been sent to reviewers or not? I would be greatly appreciated if you could spend some of your time check the status for us. I am very pleased to hear from you on the reviewer’s comments. Thank you very much for your consideration. Best regards! Yours sincerely, ×××××× Corresponding author: Name: ×××
SCISSCI 投稿过程总结
SCI投稿过程总结、投稿状态解析、修稿处理、拒稿后对策及接受后总结等（一）投稿前准备工作和需要注意的事项、投稿过程相关经验总结 投稿前准备工作和需要注意的事项： 总结提示语：1)第一作者和通信作者的区别： 通信作者（Corresponding author)通常是实际统筹处理投稿和承担答复审稿意见等工作的主导者，也常是稿件所涉及研究工作的负责人。 通信作者的姓名多位列于论文作者名单的最后（使用符号来标识说明是Corresponding author)，但其贡献不亚于论文的第一作者。 通讯作者往往指课题的总负责人，负责与编辑部的一切通信联系和接受读者的咨询等。 文章的成果是属于通讯作者的，说明思路是通讯作者的，而不是第一作者。 第一作者仅代表是你做的，且是最主要的参与者！ 通信作者标注名称：Corresponding author，To whom correspondence should be addressed,或The person to whom inquiries regarding the paper should be addressed 若两个以上的作者在地位上是相同的，可以采取“共同第一作者”（joint first author)的署名方式，并说明These authors contributed equally to the work。 2)作者地址的标署： 尽可能地给出详细通讯地址，邮政编码。有二位或多位作者，则每一不同的地址应按之中出现的先后顺序列出，并以相应上标符号的形式列出与相应作者的关系。 如果第一作者不是通讯作者，作者应该按期刊的相关规定表达，并提前告诉编辑。期刊大部分以星号（*）、脚注或者致谢形式标注通讯联系人。
sci期刊论文格式要求-sci论文格式要求
sci期刊论文格式要求:sci论文格式要求 SCI是目前国际上最具权威性的、用于基础研究和应用基础研究成果的重要评价体系。它的论文格式是怎么样的呢?下面是小编精心推荐的一些sci期刊论文格式要求，希望你能有所感触! sci期刊论文格式要求 1、题目：应简洁、明确、有概括性，字数不宜超过20个字。 2、摘要：要有高度的概括力，语言精练、明确，中文摘要约100200字; 3、关键词：从论文标题或正文中挑选3～5个最能表达主要内容的词作为关键词。 4、目录：写出目录，标明页码。 5、正文： 论文正文字数一般应在3000字以上。 论文正文：包括前言、本论、结论三个部分。 前言(引言)是论文的开头部分，主要说明论文写作的目的、现实意义、对所研究问题的认识，并提出论文的中心论点等。前言要写得简明扼要，篇幅不要太长。 本论是论文的主体，包括研究内容与方法、实验材料、实验结果与分析(讨论)等。在本部分要运用各方面的研究方法和实验结果，分析问题，论证观点，尽量反映出自己的科研能力和学术水平。 结论是论文的收尾部分，是围绕本论所作的结束语。其基本的要点就是总结全文，加深
题意。 6、谢辞：简述自己通过做论文的体会，并应对指导教师和协助完成论文的有关人员表示谢意。 7、参考文献：在论文末尾要列出在论文中参考过的专著、论文及其他资料，所列参考文献应按文中参考或引证的先后顺序排列。 8、注释：在论文写作过程中，有些问题需要在正文之外加以阐述和说明。 9、附录：对于一些不宜放在正文中，但有参考价值的内容，可编入附录中。 关于sci的论文范文 美国《SCI》收录温州医学院论文分析 【摘要】目的: 了解温州医学院(以下简称：温医)作者论文被SCI收录情况。方法：根据SCI-E数据库检索统计1998-2007年温医作者SCI产文情况。结果：1998-2007年温医作者发表SCI论文总数为304篇，其中2005-2007年为247篇，占81.2%;论文类型：论著259篇，占85.2%;发表论文最多的学科是眼科，为32篇，占10.5%，其次生物化学为30篇，占9.8%;发表SCI论文最多的前3位作者为瞿佳、吕帆、李校;被引用的有143篇，被引率为47%，总被引用次数为732次，篇均被引频次为2.41次，单篇论文引用频率最高的为77次，其中引用10次以上的论文17篇，占总被引文章数的11.9%。结论：2005年以来SCI收录温医论文逐年增加，收录的论文涉及各个学科，其中以眼科和生物化学为主。 【关键词】SCI;论文;温州医学院 Abstract: Objective: To know the situation of the authors’papers of Wenzhou Medical College embodied by AmericaSCI. Methods: Papers written by authors of Wenzhou Medical College embodied by AmericaSCIpublished from 1998 to 2007 were counted based upon the researching of SCI-E database. Results: The total number of papers published by authors of Wenzhou Medical College embodied by AmericaSCIin 1998-2007 was 304 pieces of paper. Of which，247 papers were published in 2005-2007，accounting for 81.2%. Paper type: 259 papers were treatise，accounting for 85.2%. The discipline published the most papers was ophthalmology. They published 32 papers，accounting for 10.5%;the second one was biochemistry，they published 30 ones，accounting for 9.8%. The top authors of publishing SCI papers were QU Jia，LV Fan
SCI英文论文审稿意见汇总
英文论文审稿意见汇总 以下12点无轻重主次之分。每一点内容由总结性标题和代表性审稿人意见构成。1、目标和结果不清晰。 It is noted that your manuscript needs careful editing by someone with expertise in technical English editing paying particular attention to English grammar, spelling, and sentence structure so that the goals and results of the study are clear to the reader. 2、未解释研究方法或解释不充分。 ◆In general, there is a lack of explanation of replicates and statistical me thods used in the study. ◆Furthermore, an explanation of why the authors did these various experiments should be provided. 3、对于研究设计的rationale: Also, there are few explanations of the rationale for the study design. 4、夸张地陈述结论/夸大成果/不严谨： The conclusions are overstated. For example, the study did not show if the side effects from initial copper burst can be avoid with the polymer formulation. 5、对hypothesis的清晰界定： A hypothesis needs to be presented。 6、对某个概念或工具使用的rationale/定义概念： What was the rationale for the film/SBF volume ratio? 7、对研究问题的定义： Try to set the problem discussed in this paper in more clear, write one section to define the problem 8、如何凸现原创性以及如何充分地写literature review: The topic is novel but the application proposed is not so novel. 9、对claim,如A＞B的证明，verification: There is no experimental comparison of the algorithm with previously known work, so it is impossible to judge whether the algorithm is an improvement on previous work. ：题问度谨严、10． MNQ is easier than the primitive PNQS, how to prove that. 11、格式（重视程度）： ◆In addition, the list of references is not in our style. It is close but not completely correct. I have attached a pdf file with Instructions for Authors which shows examples. ◆Before submitting a revision be sure that your material is properly prepared
SCI投稿全攻略
SCI投稿过程总结、投稿状态解析、拒稿后处理对策及接受后期相关问答综合荟萃目录 （重点是一、二、四、五、六）： （一）投稿前准备工作和需要注意的事项、投稿过程相关经验总结 （二）SCI期刊投稿各种状态详解及实例综合（学习各种投稿状态+投稿经历总结） （三）问答综合篇（是否催稿、如何撤稿、一稿两投及学术不端相关内容等） （四）如何处理审稿意见（回复意见、补实验、润色、重整数据、作图及调整、申辩及其他）（五）Reject 或者Reject and resubmit后的对策和处理 （六）稿件接受后期相关问题（作者信息、地址版权、单行本、彩图费、版面费、如何汇款、清样相关等） （七）进阶篇（如何选投SCI杂志、各专业方向期刊选择、SCI写作经验） （一）投稿前准备工作和需要注意的事项、投稿过程相关经验总结 1)第一作者和通信作者的区别： 通信作者（Corresponding author)通常是实际统筹处理投稿和承担答复审稿意见等工作的主导者，也常是稿件所涉及研究工作的负责人。 通信作者的姓名多位列于论文作者名单的最后（使用符号来标识说明是Corresponding author)，但其贡献不亚于论文的第一作者。 通讯作者往往指课题的总负责人，负责与编辑部的一切通信联系和接受读者的咨询等。 文章的成果是属于通讯作者的，说明思路是通讯作者的，而不是第一作者。 第一作者仅代表是你做的，且是最主要的参与者！ 通信作者标注名称：Corresponding author，To whom correspondence should be addressed,或The person to whom inquiries regarding the paper should be addressed.若两个以上的作者在地位上是相同的，可以采取“共同第一作者”（joint first author)的署名方式，并说明These authors contributed equally to the work。 2)作者地址的标署： 尽可能地给出详细通讯地址，邮政编码。有二位或多位作者，则每一不同的地址应按之中出现的先后顺序列出，并以相应上标符号的形式列出与相应作者的关系。 如果第一作者不是通讯作者，作者应该按期刊的相关规定表达，并提前告诉编辑。期刊大部分以星号（*）、脚注或者致谢形式标注通讯联系人。 3)挑选审稿人的几个途径： 很多SCI杂志都需要作者自己提出该篇论文的和您研究领域相关的审稿人，比较常见的是三名左右，也有的杂志要求5-8人。 介绍几个方法： ①利用SCI、SSCI、A&HCI、ISTP检索和您研究相关的科学家； ②文章中的参考文献； ③相关期刊编委或学术会议的主席、委员； ④以前发表的类似文章的审稿人； ⑤询问比较熟识的一些专业人士； ⑥交叉审稿，邀请以前的作者； ⑦若是团队序贯研究，斟酌考虑自建期刊审稿人专家库。 PS: 如果有熟悉的同领域的专家，可以推荐一两位为宜（若你全部推荐熟人也无可厚非，但编辑基本不会全部考虑，可能对你还有点特殊“眼色”了）。考虑推荐自己文章的参考文献作者较为常用，当然，如果你是负面引用的话，务必慎重了。
SCI投稿状态
SCI投稿状态自己查-投稿术语名词解释 1. Submitted to journal 刚提交的状态 2. Manuscript received by Editorial Office 就是你的文章到了编辑手里了，证明投稿成功。 3. with editor 如果在投稿的时候没有要求选择编辑，就先到主编那，主编会分派给别的编辑。这当中就会有另两个状态： 3.1 A waiting Editor Assignment指派责任编辑 Editor assignment 是把你的文章分给另一个编辑处理了。 3.2 technical check in progress 检查你的文章符合不符合期刊的投稿要求 3.3 Editor Declined Invitation 如果编辑接收处理了就会邀请审稿人了。 4. 随后也会有2种状态 4.1 Decision Letter Being Prepared 就是编辑没找到审稿人就自己决定了，那根据一般经验，对学生来说估计就会挂了1）英文太差，编辑让修改。2）内容太差，要拒了。除非大牛们直接被接收。 4.2 Review(s) invited 找到审稿人了，就开始审稿 5 Under review 这应该是一个漫长的等待。当然前面各步骤也可能很慢的，要看编辑的处理情况。如果被邀请审稿人不想审，就会decline，编辑会重新邀请别的审稿人。 6. Required Reviews Completed 审稿人的意见已经上传，审稿结束，等待编辑决定 7. Evaluating Recommendation 评估审稿人的意见，随后你将受到编辑给你的decision 8. Minor revision/ Major revision 这个时候可以稍微庆祝一下了，问题不大了，因为有修改就有可能。具体怎么改就不多说了，谦虚谨慎是不可少的。 9. Revision submitted to journal 又开始了一个循环 10 Accepted 恭喜了 11. Transfer copyright form 签版权协议 12. Uncorrected proof 等待你校对样稿 13. In press, corrected proof 文章在印刷中，且该清样已经过作者校对 14. Manuscript sent to production 排版 15. in production 出版中
sci论文写作插图一般要求
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SCIcoveringletter及投稿经验总结
Dr. XU Jianhe The State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China Tel: +86-21-64252498; Fax: +86-21-64252250 Elsevier 投稿各种状态总结 1. Submitted to Journal当上传结束后，显示的状态是Submitted to Journal，这个状态是自然形成的无需处理。 2. With editor如果在投稿的时候没有要求选择编辑，就先到主编那，主编会分派给别的编辑。这当中就会有另两个状态： 3. Editor assigned 4. Editor Declined Invitation 如果编辑接手处理了就会邀请审稿人了。 5. Reviewer(s) invited 如果审稿人接受那就会是以下状态： 6. Under review 这应该是一个漫长的等待。当然前面各步骤也可能很慢的，要看编辑的处理情况。 如果被邀请审稿人不想审，就会decline，编辑会重新邀请别的审稿人。 7. required review completed 审稿结束，等编辑处理。 8. Decision in Process到了这一步就快要有结果了，编辑开始考虑是给修改还是直接拒，当然也有可能直接接受的，但可能性很小，呵呵。 9. Minor revision/Major revision这个时候可以稍微庆祝一下了，问题不大了，因为有修改就有可能。具体怎么改就不多说了，谦虚谨慎是不可少的。 10. Revision Submitted to Journal 又开始了一个循环。 11. Accepted如果不要再审，只是小修改，编辑看后会马上显示这个状态，但如果要再审也会有上面的部分状态。一步会比较快，但也有慢的。看杂志的。 还有个状态是Rejected。希望不要出现。 其他库的状态，基本是大同小异，供参考： In the Rapid Review? system, your manuscript has a different status assigned to it at various stages in the process. Below is a list of the status descriptions used
SCI论文投稿经验!
SCI论文投稿经验！ 2009年，我代表本课题组共投递7篇SCI论文（主要是生殖和神经方向），分别投往IF2.5—10分的杂志，经历了许多坎坷。不过，现在可喜的是已经accept了5篇，均在3分左右，revised 了2篇。在修稿和投稿过程中，本人学习了不少相关知识和积累了一些经验，现与各位战友 分享，并请大家批评指正。 内容清单： 1、本人2009年SCI投稿经验总结（含SCI投稿程序） 2、本版众多投稿相关精华帖汇聚 3、众多战友的2009年投稿经历汇总 一、本人2009年SCI论文投稿步骤及其经验总结 （一）投稿程序 1、选择合适的SCI期刊-Choose a journal。结合专业知识、2008或2007年度影响因子 表和他人经验来综合选择要投递的期刊，并进入该期刊查询系统查询近年来的文章走向。 2、下载Introduction for submission。只要到每个杂志的首页，打开submit paper一栏，点击Introduction查看或下载即可。 3、稿件及其相关材料准备-Preparation：Manuscript.doc、Tables.doc、Figures.tiff（jpg 等）、Cover letter，有时还有Title page、Copyright agreement、Conflicts of interest等。 4、网上投稿-Submit a manuscript：先到每个杂志的首页，打开submit paper一栏，先 以通讯作者的身份register一个账号，然后以author login身份登录，按照提示依次完成：Select Article Type、Enter Title、Add/Edit/Remove Authors、Submit Abstract、Enter Keywords、Select Classifications、Enter Comments、Request Editor、Attach Files，最后下载pdf，查看无误后，即可到投稿主页approve submission或直接submit it。 5、不定期关注稿件状态-Status：Submit New Manuscript、Submissions Sent Back to Author、Icomplete Submissions、Sbmissions Waiting for Author's Approval、Submissions Being Processed、Submissions Needing Revision、Rvisions Sent Back to Author、Icomplete Submissions Being Revised、Risions Waiting for Author's Approval、Revisions Being Processed、Declined Revisions。 6、修回稿的投递-Submitted the revised manuscript：主要修改revised manuscript、response to the reviewers、cover letter，还有其他修改的相关材料。程序是进入投稿主页main menu，点击revise，仍然按照原先程序投递（近似于4），切记把修改的标题、摘要和回复信等内容要修改。最后上传附件时，先把留下来且未修改的材料前打钩（表示留下不变），然 后点击next，再上传已经修改的材料（主要包括revised manuscript、response to the reviewers、cover letter等），最后下载pdf，查看无误后，即可到投稿主页approve submission或直接submit it。
(完整word版)分享SCI写作经验和一些工具
分享SCI写作经验和一些工具 这是一个一年三篇IF大于7的牛人说如何做研究和写论文一、研究生必备四本俗话说好记性不如烂笔头，所以一定要首先养成做笔记的好习惯！作为研究生下面这几个本子是必不可少的：1，实验记录本（包括试验准备本），这当然首当其冲必不可少，我就不多说了；2，Idea记录本，每次看文献对自己有用的东西先记下，由此产生的idea更不能放过，这可是做研究的本钱，好记性不如烂笔头，以后翻翻会更有想法的；3，专业概念以及理论进展记录本，每个人不可能对自己领域的概念都了如指掌，初入门者更是如此，这时候小小一个本子的作用就大了；4，讲座记录本，这本本子可能有些零杂，记录听到的内容，更要记录瞬间的灵感，以及不懂的地方，不可小视！这四本是你必不可少的，不过作为我们这些非英语专业的研究生来说，还有一个应该具备的本子就是英语好句记录本。二、论文写作要点1、选题要小，开掘要深；不要题目很大，内容却很单薄。2、写作前要读好书、翻阅大量资料、注意学术积累，在这个过程中，还要注重利用网络，特别是一些专业数据库；3、“选题新、方法新、资料新”的三新原则（老板教导的）；4、“新题新做”和“小题大做”;总之，一点之见即成文。三、如何撰写实验研究论文（唐朝枢）论文发表意识：基础研究成果的表达方
式；是否急于发表（创新与严谨的关系）；发表的论文与学位论文的区别（反映科学事实而不是反映作者水平）论文格式：原著、快报、简报、摘要。不同于教科书、讲义，更不同于工作总结。撰写前的准备工作：复习和准备好相关文献;再次审定实验目的(学术思想,Idea);实验资料完整并再次 审核1. Introduction: 问题的提出；研究的现状及背景；以前工作基础；本工作的目的；思路（可提假说）；对象；方法；结果。在…模型上，观察…指标，以探讨…（目的）。 2. M & M ⑴材料的写法和意义; 伦理. ⑵程序与指标。操作程序：能序贯，可操作性；方法：多指标方法的排序；引出参照文献简述;改良之处；哪些详或简？⑶统计学处理 3. Results ⑴指标归类描述，忌流水帐。不分析不解释，但要体现思路；⑵文字、图、表相对独立，但避免重复；⑶避免统计错误：对照，均衡，随即，重复。计量-计数、绝对值-相对值、专一指标—综合指标的转换。盲判与非盲判。技术资料直接概率法与卡方检验；多组资料与两组资料；等级相关与直线相关；多因素与单因素分析；配对资料与独立样本资料；非正态分布资料；例数不当；平行管，混合样本；突出差异（绝对值，Δ值，变化％；联合×、÷比值，分亚组等）有效位数的保留。统计学结论与专业结论。4. Discussion ⑴背景材料：展开问题的提出；有关本研究的一些基本知识内容（不要离题太远）；⑵本实验结
辑思编译：SCI论文投稿步骤
辑思编译:SCI论文投稿步骤 当科研新手们写出一篇论文准备投稿SCI时，往往却为怎样遵守SCI论文的投稿步骤以及如何避免发表SCI论文的主要问题而发愁，在此小编参考多方资料特此总结出以下SCI论文投稿步骤，与您一同分享。 1、选择合适的SCI期刊-Choose a journal。结合专业知识、2018或2017年度影响因子表和他人经验来综合选择要投递的期刊，并进入该期刊查询系统查询近年来的文章走向。 2、下载Introduction for submission。只要到每个杂志的首页，打开submit paper一栏，点击Introduction查看或下载即可。 3、稿件及其相关材料准备-Preparation：Manu.doc、Tables.doc、Figures.tiff(jpg等)、Cover letter，有时还有Title page、Copyright agreement、Conflicts of interest等。 4、网上投稿-Submit a manu：先到每个杂志的首页，打开submit paper一栏，先以通讯作者的身份register一个账号，然后以author login身份登录，按照提示依次完成：Select Article Type、Enter Title、Add/Edit/Remove Authors、Submit Abstract、Enter Keywords、Select Classifications、Enter Comments、Request Editor、Attach Files，最后下载pdf，查看无误后，即可到投稿主页approve submission或直接submit it。
SCI期刊投稿经验-各种阶段状态解读及应对
SCI期刊投稿各种状态详解及实例综合（学习各种投稿状态+投稿经历总结） 1.Submitted to Journal刚提交的状态——新手请看这里！！！ 一般的步骤是这样的：网上投稿-Submit a manuscript：先到每个杂志的首页，打开submit paper一栏，先以通讯作者的身份register一个账号，然后以author login身份登录，按照提示依次完成：Select Article Type、Enter Title、Add/Edit/Remove Authors、Submit Abstract、Enter Keywords、Select Classifications、Enter Comments、Request Editor、Attach Files，最后下载pdf，查看无误后，即可到投稿主页approve submission或直接submit it。 总结提示语：对于投稿之前和提交确认投稿过程，这里还需要对投稿新手强调以下几点。因为这些小问题被编辑评个低印象分不划算，被打回也浪费了时间和精力。一条条说来： 1)大多数系统是要求word投稿正文内容的，
pdf多不为接受格式。但也有很少数要求用pdf格式的，务必注意细看稿约。 2)文献格式是否按拟投杂志标准要求核准？有的投稿系统是可以直接检查的。 3)引用文献条数是否符合该杂志要求？有的杂志不特别要求，有的还是非常重视的。如我之前投shock杂志，编辑和一位审稿人都提到参考文献不要超过35条。如果你文章写完后，能够适当精简文献条数，那么，请删减几条吧。 4)很多系统要求勾选同意一些如伦理道德的声明文件 5)提交后可能会有一个小栏目提示对提交图片的质量做了初步审查（不合格的最好重新作图再上传） 6)绝大多数投稿完成后需要view submission和最后确认（approve submission）。view submission 就是要求你再整体看看投稿填写的这些资料信息+cover letter+正文+图片表格，所生成的pdf全文是否满意、合格，也是你投稿完成前最后一次检查的机会了。PS：有的新手可
SCI论文格式要求
SCI论文格式要求 创新是因为写科技文章的目的在于报道新的科技进展，缺乏创新因素就会失去发表的意义，以下是搜集整理的SCI要求，欢迎阅读查看。 Abstract 整体要求简练，言简意赅，因为绝大部分journal对Abstract都有字数限制，一般150～250words. 先简单描述一下自己工作的前沿背景，几句话，然后引出自己的实验(“In this paper….”; “Herein..” or “Here, we…”)，主要陈述实验结果，可稍带提一下所用到的重要方 法的名称，然后说明你的结果的意义“There data suggest….”;最后总结拔高“In a word….”or “in summary…..”。 Introduction 描述跟你的实验相关的领域研究现状及存在的问题，自然的过度到你的实验意义和重要性。“Although…..there are still… so far”“Here, for the first time, we have used…..”。如果 你前面已发过相关的文章，要插入引用一下“We recently showed that…..”或“Our previous studies have shown that… . These results verify that…..”“Here…..”“ To explore this hypothesis, we generated….”. 写好Introduction需要有大量的做基础，摘取短语、词组、句子进行reorganize。调 节好前后句子的顺序及衔接。 Materials and Methods 这部分可以从别的文章摘到现成的方法描述，加以改造，替换成自己的实验条件，变成自己的表达方式，近几年journal对抄袭句子的现象抓的特别严，多注意。太复杂的经 典方法，可以简单描述后加上参考文献“Briefly, …..”;也可以直接引用参考文献“The…method was performed as described previously ”. Results 这一部分很重要。要按照一定的逻辑顺序进行organize，结果描述要准确、专业，一些重要的数据可以放在结果部分的文字描述中，如IC50、EC50、抑制百分率、P值等等。这部分不能像Introduction那样写太多的理论性的东西。每段的开头或一些连接的地方可以简单地用一些理论性的或总结性的句子。在陈述你的实验操作和看到的结果和表面现象时用过去时态，陈述不以人的意志为转移的规律、结论性的内容时用一般现在时。
SCI期刊格式要求汇总
SCI期刊格式要求汇总 SCI论文写作伴随着学生生涯的始终，不同的投稿杂志都有不同的投稿格式要求，但是一个个期刊看下来发现也大同小异,大家看看这些SCI写作过程中的细节你注意到了吗？ 一般性SCI 格式要求 字体：一般选用Arial格式或者Times New Roman 格式字号：不同期刊有不同要求，一般为小四号字体或者10号字体。 字数：很多期刊对文章字数没有要求，但也有期刊会对字数有限制要求，有的要求不超过4500字或者5000字。 不同层级的标题表示：注意是否加粗，字体是否有要求，标题的大小写。 斜体：个别的统计相关的字符或者拉丁学名要用斜体表示。 其他：注意期刊的要求，具体每个期刊对格式的要求都有区别，首先登陆期刊投稿页面，找到如For authors, information for authors, guide for author等选择菜单栏，找到目标期刊的投稿须知, 认真阅读，然后根据要求一条条修正。同时建议下载2-3篇目标期刊同类型的近期发表的期刊做模版，参考着修改格式。当目标期刊已发表的期刊的格式与投稿须知的格式有冲突时，优先选择按投稿须知的格式进行修改。 SCI各部分写作要点: ①形式要求：主标题为必须，有个别期刊要求另外提供小标题或者眉题 标题所在的页称之为标题页，有以下几部分组成： I 完整的标题 II 小标题或者眉题（不必须） III 作者名 IV 作者单位 V 通讯作者名字，单位，邮箱，电话，传真等信息 VI 其他：有些期刊可能要求在标题页写明通讯作者的OCRID号，摘要字数，正文字数，图表数量，基金资助，是否存在利益冲突，缩写词列表等信息。具体需要看目标期刊等投稿须知部分。 注意共同第一作者，有的期刊会有人数的要求，限制在2人或者3人；另外，共通讯、共一作的名字后面的小标号，不同期刊有不同的表示方法。 有的期刊会要求提供图文摘要，但不常见。 ②字数要求：主标题一般不超过20个字，小标题一般不超过七个字。 摘要： ①形式要求：主流形式分为一段式与四段式两种。 一段式把背景、目的、方法、结果、结论在一段中介绍，不分段落 四段式把背景、目的、方法、结果、结论分四段介绍。不同的期刊，四段式的每一部分的说明略有区别。 第一部分：Background/Purpose/Objective 第二部分：Methods/Methods and Materials 第三部分：Results/Findings
SCI期刊投稿各种状态详解及实例综合
to Journal刚提交的状态——新手请看这里！！！ 一般的步骤是这样的：网上投稿-Submit a manuscript：先到每个杂志的首页，打开submit paper 一栏，先以通讯作者的身份register一个账号，然后以author login身份登录，按照提示依次完成：Select Article Type、Enter Title、Add/Edit/Remove Authors、Submit Abstract、Enter Keywords、Select Classifications、Enter Comments、Request Editor、Attach Files，最后下载pdf，查看无误后，即可到投稿主页approve submission或直接submit it。 总结提示语：对于投稿之前和提交确认投稿过程，这里还需要对投稿新手强调以下几点。因为这些小问题被编辑评个低印象分不划算，被打回也浪费了时间和精力。一条条说来： 1)大多数系统是要求word投稿正文内容的，pdf多不为接受格式。但也有很少数要求用pdf格式的，务必注意细看稿约。 2)文献格式是否按拟投杂志标准要求核准？有的投稿系统是可以直接检查的。 3)引用文献条数是否符合该杂志要求？有的杂志不特别要求，有的还是非常重视的。如我之前投shock杂志，编辑和一位审稿人都提到参考文献不要超过35条。如果你文章写完后，能够适当精简文献条数，那么，请删减几条吧。 4)很多系统要求勾选同意一些如伦理道德的声明文件 5)提交后可能会有一个小栏目提示对提交图片的质量做了初步审查（不合格的最好重新作图再上传） 6)绝大多数投稿完成后需要view submission和最后确认（approve submission）。view submission 就是要求你再整体看看投稿填写的这些资料信息+cover letter+正文+图片表格，所生成的pdf全文是否满意、合格，也是你投稿完成前最后一次检查的机会了。 PS：有的新手可能不注意这点，提交后就不管了，还开开心心以为自己投稿成功，殊不知结果邮箱里一直没有收到投稿后的邮件回执和稿号，直到最后纳闷几天了才回去看系统状态。 received by Editorial Office文章到了编辑手里了，证明投稿成功 editor 若投稿时未要求选择编辑，则先到主编处，主编会分派给副主编或者其他编辑。这当中就会有另两个状态： I)Awaiting Editor Assignment指派责任编辑 II)Editor assigned是把你的文章分给一个编辑处理了。 III)Editor Declined Invitation 如果编辑接手处理了就会邀请审稿人了。 总结提示语：一般情况下，投稿（submit）状态后一个星期内会出现编辑处理稿件（with editor）这个状态。很多老外编辑很不能理解中国人喜欢催稿，绝大多数情况下，他们不会像国内某些期刊一样能拖上一年半载再给屁大点修回意见。要适当给编辑一点时间处理，他们也很忙的。不要轻易催稿，也有人因为催稿而立马收到杯具消息——不知是编辑不耐烦了，还是一种巧合。当然，如果submit四个星期后网上投稿系统还没出现with editor状态信息，就要询问主编了，要注意委婉用语。不过要注意，也有期刊没有with editor状态。 参考链接—— 【求助】投ATS近5周了，没音讯，焦虑 【求助】小修后with editor七周,催稿成功（附催稿信） 【求助】催稿信发给谁--催稿信发送成功，稿子被拒 【求助】第一次投稿phytochemistry，revised 之后一个月了还是显示with editor 【求助】投稿一个月后under review显示的时间变了，求大侠指点怎么回事