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研究生新世纪综合英语unit2

Unit2

The New Economics Of Oil

Crude-oil prices have been careening like steel balls in a pinball machine this autumn in response to news and r umors from the middle east.In the first few days of Octobe r,the treat of armed conflict between Iran and Irap sent c rud prices soaring from $20 a barrel to almost $23,before singking back down again.

Even as the world is reminded of the vulnerability of its oil supply, consumption is soaring. Americans have fal len in love with gas guzzlers such as the Ford Expedition. In newly p-rosperous deyeloping couties, ordinary people can afford cars for the first time.A recent survey in the China Youth Daily found that 75%of Beijing families planne d to buy a car in the next five years.

Yikes. Are we in for another oil crisis? You might thi nk so. Fort Worth investor Richard.E.rainwater has 30%of h is $1.5billion net worth sunk in oil and gas investments b ecause he expects to rise 50% to 75%in the next 5 to 10yea rs. With free markets fueling economic growth, says rainwa ter,”we should see a tremendous amount of pressure on pr ices.”

Perhaps,but there is another,quite different scenario---namely,that oil prices, adjusted for inflation, won’t r ise at all over the long term. They may even fall. why? Be cause producers in the Mideast and elsewhere need the cash from oil too much to let their supply be interrupted for long, Despite political and military skirmishing. Second, and more inportant,because demand groeth can’t push pric es upward as long as it is balanced by supply growth. And the supply curve for oil---the amount offered at any given price---is being pushed steadily outward, thanks to techn ology.

PETRO-TREASURE

Thenological advances are slashing the costs of findin g, producing, and reefing oil,creating a new economic calc ulus for the oil industry.The new alchemy runs from three-dimensional seismology to exotic. Wells that sit on the oc ean floor, in some cases eliminating the need for billion-dollar offshore production platforms/Says shell oil chief Executive Philip J.Carroll:”Thecnology always frives down cost.I don’t think its effect in this industry will be a ny different.”

Never mind the latest discord in the Mideast.Short of destroying another country’s oil wells, as Iraq did to Ku wait in 1991,no nation can curtail the world supply of oil and force up its price for very long.Members of the Organ ization od Petroleum Exporting Countries still sit on the world’s biggest and best oil reservoirs.But they can’t r aise prices---because if they do,non-OPEC sources will gra b market share by developing fields where thecnology has m ade production affordable.

Rainwater’s hight price theory notwithstanding, the e nd of the cold war and the spread of global capitalism are n’t just adding to the demand for oil---they are adding t o its supply as well.That’s because more and more countri es, from Venazuala to Kazakhatan,are welcoming the investm ent that’s needed to exploit their petro-treasures.

The progress already achieved through thechnology is mind-boggling. The average cost per barrel of finding prod ucing oil has droped about 60% higher than in 1985.And the se official figures far understate the amount of accessibl e oil in the ground. Smith Rea Energy Associates Ltd.,a Lo ndon –based researcher, figures that the world’s oil prod ucers could add 350 billion barrels to their proven reserv es if they counted all yhe oil that has become affordable to recover because of the latest breakthroughs. The sum is equal to nearly 14 years’ worth of world consumption.

Experts have been underestimating oil reserves since 1 874, when Pennsylvania’s state geolodists direly warned t

hat “ the u.s. has enough petroleum to keep its kerosene lamps burning for only 4years.”Later eaperts put the date pf exhaustion in the 1920s,then the 1940s.In 1972,the clu b of rome said the world had only 20 to 31 years of known oil reserves. Yet todad,measured reserves are higher than ever.

Indeed,the very notion of what oil are is changing. R ather than being a fixed number of barrels, the reserve is seen as something that grows and grows as technology find s new sources og oil and extracts more from existing field s. Take the giant Forties field in the British sector of t he North Sea. In 1970, British Petroleum CO. rated it at 1.

8 billion barrels of proven reserves.Y et by 1995,it had p roduced 3.6 billion barrels,and BP said 2.8 billion barrel s in proven reserves remained.

The impact of such progress on crude oil price has bee n dramatic.In 1980,Stanford University brought together 1 0 of the top oil forecaster to run their computer models. The average forecast for this year, among the six made pre ditions for 1997,was$98 a barrel. Even as recently as 1991, experts were predicting the price per barrel in 1997 wou ld be about $45.

Instead,the inflation-adjusted price of oil has fallen by two-thirds from its 1980-1981 peak. Oil is cheaper tha n bottled water.”Oil-price firecasters make sheep same li ke independent thinkers.”gibes Massachusetts Institude of Technology energy researcher Micheal C.Lynch. “ There’s no evidence that mineral prices rise over time. Technolog y always overwhelms depletion.”

BARRELING DOWN

Opinion is slowly shifting away from the doomsayers. Consider the new outlook of the Center for Global Energy S tudies(CGES) in london, a research group set up by former Saudi Oil Minister Ahmed Zaki Yamari. Says CGES senior eco nomist Julian lee.” We just don’t see any likelihood for

oil price for other than political reasons.”MCKINSEY&CO. has warned oil clients that “a downside price scenario” is increasingly likely.

Cheap oil greases the gears of the world economy.In t he U.S.,it’s supporting today’s fast growth and low i nflation.If crude oil fell by $5 a barrel and stayed ther

e for the next five years,the annual consumer inflation ra te would fall by an average o

f 0.3 percentage points and e conomics output would rise an extra 0.2% annually on avera ge, estimates Standard&Pool’s DRI, a unit of The McGraw-Hill Companies. After a decade, the cumulative gain in gro ss domestic product from the price grop would be nearly $4 00 billion.

Oil industry profits still rise and fall with changes

in the price of crude, but technology lets the companies m aintain healthy earnings at steadily lower oil prices. Tod ay ,most majors have cut their costs so much that their ne west projects can make money even with oil as low as $15 a barrel. Norway’sNorsk Hydro uses $12 as a becnmark.

That’s not to say all companies will fare equally we ll. Those that master technology and efficiency, such as S HELL,EXXON,and british Petroleum, are leaping ahead of tho se that don’t.What’s more,many independent oil companies have moved to the cutting edge.

新思维综合英语第一册

新思维综合英语第一册 How to talk about a foreign language 如何谈论一门外语 How to talk about one’s family 如何谈论家庭 How to talk about events in the past如何谈论过去的事情 How to talk about how you met someone如何谈论与别人相识的经过 Luke Taylor and Maya Winston are talking about their families. 1.How does Luke know that Koziol is Polish? __Luke’s wife is Polish,and Luke’s spent some time in Poland. So he should be able to speak a little Polish or at least recognize the Polish sound. 2.How did Luke get to know his wife? __She studied in his English class in the States. 3. How is Luke’s wife,Stenia’s English now? How did she

achieve that? __She speaks English almost perfectly now.She worked so hard on her English(while she was learning English). 4. Where are Maya’s relatives now?What language do Maya’s parents speak at home? ___They are all living in the States now.Maya’s parents speak English now because in the dialogue,Maya says that her father used to speak Polish,and her mother forgot all other languages since she learned English. （所以他们家就说英语了。） What an unusual necklace!是个感叹句，What a …后边一般跟名词性短语。如：What an interesting story(it is)!这个故事多有趣呀！What a splendid performance! 演出多精彩啊！ Stand for代表，表示。如：What does“K”stand for? K 的意思是什么？PE stands for physical education. PE 表示体育课的意思。在西方国家里，女孩子长大结婚后一般要改用丈夫的姓氏，Maiden name指女孩结婚前所用的姓。 The States(S大写)，指the United States. 口语中，人们谈起美国时，用得更多的是the States 或America, 来代替the USA.

新世纪大学英语系列教程第版综合教程答案

Unit Two Optimism and Positive Thinking Enhance Your Language Awareness Words in Action ■ Working with Words and Expressions 1. In the box below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Complete the following sentences with them. Change the form where necessary. ■ Answers: positive startled perspective harden shape address crises curse incredible 10) conversely 11) issue 12) response 13) prior 14) rare 15) accomplish 2. In the box below are some of the expressions you have learned in this unit. Do you understand their meanings? Do you know how to use them in the proper context? Now check for yourself by doing the blank-filling exercise. Change the form where necessary. ■ Answers: get the hang of have lived through makes a difference have no idea concerned with slipped over ran into in reverse mull over ■ I ncreasing Your Word Power 1. D ecide whether “do ”, “make ”or “take ”is needed to complete each of the following sentences. Change the verb form where necessary. ■ A nswers: does make take do make Take done taken making ))))))))) ))))))))) ))))))))) 10) took

新思维综合英语1模拟试题三

新思维综合英语1模拟试题三 Vocabulary and Structure： Directions:Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points) Example: The old couple at last in finding a flat to rent. A.managed B.did C.finished D.succeeded The sentence should read, "The old couple succeeded at last in finding a flat to rent." Therefore, you should choose D. 1．Hey, you haven't changed these years. A.a bit B.a few C.bit D.little 2．The common cold is the most of all illnesses. A.consequent B.frequent C.sequent D.subsequent 3．This lobster tastes funny. A.all kinds of B.kind of C.a kind of D.kind 4．I don't want to you. I call you just for greeting. A.disturb B.hurt C.interrupt D.break 5．How does this sound? “Sunny one-bedroom near, centrally located …” A.transmission B.transportation C.transition D.transfer 6．Some doctors suggest that you large amount of vitamins at the beginning of getting cold. A.take

新世纪英语综合教程答案

The Answers to Unit 1 Enhance Your Language Awareness (I) Working with Words and Expressions 2. (1) obtain (2) confident (3) communicate (4) advantage (5) relevant (6) helpful (7) extreme (8) enjoyable (9) means (10) process (11) particularly (12) characters (13) astonished (14) apparently 3. (1) fond of (2) is...related to (3) according to (4) To a certain degree (5) vice versa (6) no doubt (7) rid... of (8) cleared up (9) or else (10) at all costs (11) sure enough (12) let alone (13) similar to (14) It's no use (15) in my opinion (16) was worth (II) Increasing Your Word Power 1. (1) c (2) d (3) b (4) b (5) b (6) d 2. (1) highly/very (2) quite/very (3) quite/very/increasingly (4) quite/simply/very 3. Adverbs Adjectives efficiently efficient particularly particular fluently fluent quickly quick cheaply cheap continually continual probably probable adventurously adventurous finally final steadily steady slowly slow solemnly solemn really real apparently apparent tentatively tentative exactly exact 4. No Mistake especial→ especially necessarily → necessary frequent → frequently No Mistake easily → easy No Mistake individually → individual much → many high → highly apparently → apparent remarkably → remarkable probable → probably No Mistake (III) Grammar Task 1: (1) would/should (2) should/would (3) might (4) would (5) must (6) can't (7) should would (8) must Task 2: (1) We passed the afternoon very pleasantly, roller-skating in the sun and talking about our childhood under a tree. / The afternoon passed very pleasantly, while we roller-skated in the sun and talked about our childhood under a tree. (2) On entering the lecture hall, I was surprised at the size of the crowd. / When I entered the lecture hall, I was surprised at the size of the crowd. (3) When I was only a small boy, my father took me to Beijing and we had a lot of fun together. (4) To write well, a person must read good books. (IV) Cloze

研究生学术综合英语课文翻译unit1-4

第一单元? 如何发表演说斯蒂芬·卢卡斯? ???? 在人类创造的万物中，语言可能是最卓越的一项创造。通过语言，我们可以分享经验、阐明价值观念、交流思想、传播知识、传承文化。确实，语言对于思想本身至关重要。和流行的信仰不同的是：语言并不是简单地反映事实，而是通过对事件意义的思考来帮助人们感悟现实。? ???? 优秀的演说者尊重语言并懂得如何驾驭语言。语言是演说者展示才能的工具，对于他们来说，如同其他职业的工具一样,语言也有特殊的功用。作为一名演说者，你应该意识到话语的意义，并懂得如何准确无误地使用语言，使其表达清楚，趣味横生，恰如其分。? 如同数字对于会计的重要性一样，准确地使用语言对于演说者至关重要。在没有确切知道一个词语的意思之前，千万不要盲目使用。碰到没有把握的词语，一定要查词典追根究底。当你准备演讲之前，一定要不断地问自己：“我究竟想说些什么？我究竟想表达什么样的意思？”因此，对于一篇演讲稿的用词来说，必须准确无误。? 如果语言表达清楚无误，听众就能很快抓住你的意思。鉴于此，演说者应该使用那些对于大多数人来说非常熟悉的词语，这些词语不需要任何专业背景就能够理解；演说者应该使用那些表达具体而不是相对抽象的词语；并且千万不要乱堆砌辞藻，哗众取宠。? 准确生动地使用语言能够使你的演说贴近生活。有一种方法可以使你的语言更加生动形象，那就是通过展开联想或创造语言图示。通过使用表达具体的词语、明喻或者暗喻等手法可以展开想像。明喻是对事物不同之处的比较，不过有些是相同的：它们总是包含“像……一样”或者“如同……一样”这样的连词。暗喻是一种隐性的比喻，它能够把两个形式不同但是有一些相通之处的事物联系在一起，暗喻不包含“像……一样”或者“如同……一样”这样的连词。? 另一种让你的演说生动形象的方法是注重语言的节奏感。有四种修辞格可以让你的语言富有节奏感：排比、重复、头韵和对比。排比是将一组或一系列具有相似结构的词语、短语或者句子排列在一起；重复是在一系列短句或者长句的开头或者结尾使用相同的一句话或者一组词语；头韵是指邻近或者相邻的几个句子中的首个词语的辅音字母相同；对比是将一些意思相反的词语或者句子并列在一起，通常使用排比结构。恰当地使用语言是指语言的运用要符合特定的场合、特定的观众和特定的主题。同时，恰当地使用语言还意味着演说者要有自己的语言风格，而不是模仿他人的口吻。如果演说者的语言在各个方面都能够做到恰如其分，那么这篇演说成功的机率就会大大提高。??????? 优秀的演说并不是空穴来风、缺乏论据的决断。演说者必须找到强有力的论据来支持其观点。实际上，熟练地使用论据经常是区别一篇优秀演说词和一篇空洞演说词的关键所在。一般来说，通常有三种论据材料：事例、统计数据和证词。? ???????在演说过程中，你可以使用一些简明扼要的例子——比如过去发生的一个很具体的事件——有时候，你可以罗列好几个简明的例子，借此增强听众的印象。扩展性的例子——描述、叙述或者奇闻轶事——通常长一些，但更具体。夸张性的例子描述想像中的情形，这种例子能够将相关的想法有效地传达给听众。这三种例子都能够帮助演说者理清思绪、加强印象或者使演说更加娓娓动听。为了使表达更加富有效果，例子应该生动活泼，丰富多彩。只要演说者对于统计数据用之得当并且加以解释，这些数据将有助于有效地传达信息，听众也能从统计数据中获益匪浅。最重要的是：演说者应该对统计数据了如指掌，并且运用得恰如其分。由于数据很容易操纵和捏造，因此，对于演说者来说，一定要确保图表没有张冠李戴，并且要确保统计方法正确，数据来源可靠。?

致用英语综合教程综合英语2教案综合英语2教案unit(2)

Period One – Around the Topic Period Length: 50 minutes Goals Period Length: 50 minutes Goals -Activate background knowledge about work Purposes -Get familiar with vocabulary related with work -Obtain background knowledge about curiosity and being inquisitive Step 1: Vocabulary (20 minutes) -Ask students to work on the Vocabulary on Page 150 -Encourage students to think as more as possible -List these word on the board or screen Step 2: Discovery and Discussion (30 minutes) -Work on the activity on Pages 150 & 151 as a whole and give explanations if necessary to understand the necessity of work -Discuss the issue of work with reference to the questions listed on Pages 150 & 151 -Ask each group to present their results in front Key points -All activities be carried out in English -Inspect each group for the purpose of guidance and promotion Homework -Think in depth the advantages and disadvantages of being curious

新世纪大学英语综合教程4课后答案(完整版)

Unit1 Working with words and expressions 1. 2. cloze Translation

Answers to Unit 2 Book 4 Unit Two Man and Technology Words in Action Working with Words and Expressions 1. 1) monitor 2) phenomenon 3) isolation 4) gradual 5) opponent 6) advent 7) genetic 8) consciously 9) extreme 10) nasty 11) boom 12) formal 13) soar 14) survey 15) Similarly 16) modify 17) rough 2. 1) at the same time 2) are stuck with 3) for certain 4) make no difference 5) on average 6) when it comes to 7) depends on 8) built into 9) come to mind 10) at work Increasing Your Word Power 1. Adjectives Nouns Adjectives

Nouns 1) technological technology 6) luxurious luxury 2) eternal eternity 7) leisurely leisure 3) miraculous miracle 8) subjective subject 4) relevant relevance 9) prosperous prosperity 5) analytical Analysis 10) innovative innovation 2. 2) multi-faith 3) multiform 4) multifunction 5) multi-ethnic 6) multilateral 7) multi-lingual 8) multimedia 9) multimillionaire 10) multinational 1) a multi-faith society 2) a multi-lingual secretary 3) a multimillionaire 4) a multinational motor-manufacturing corporation 5) a multifunction video camera

学术综合英语unit1-5课后习题答案

Task 2 A contrary to implicit assertion look up adapted Sustain unbiased In the course of metaphor clutter B bolster credible impromptu sparingly anecdote Credentials testimony hypothetical paraphrase juxtaposition Task 3 Translation B.发言提纲是有效发言的基础。通过写发言提纲，你可以确保你的思想是相关联的，你的思路从一点谈到另一点，你的讲话结构是连贯的。通常，准备讲演你可以采用两种提纲方式：详细准备提纲和简单发言提纲。在准备发言提纲中，应该写出你的特定目的及中心思想，并以连贯的方式确定主要观点和次要观点，发言提纲应该由简要的提要组成，这些提要在你讲话时能够给予你一些帮助。发言提纲还应该包括帮助你记忆的重点词或重点短语。在写发言提纲时，可采用准备提纲的模式，尽可能使你的发言提纲简要，同时，要确保提纲清晰，易于辨认。 C. 1. The younger generation should continue to sustain and develop our fine traditions and long-standing culture. 2. In the course of preparing one’s speech, one should be clearly aware of how one could make effective use of statistics and examples to bolster one’s point of view. 3. An impromptu speech is one of the speaking skills that college students should learn and develop through practice. 4. By using simile and metaphor, you can make your language more vivid and more attractive to your audience. 5. The proper examples you cite might help reinforce the impression on your listeners and make your viewpoints more convincing. 6. When you are speaking, you should choose common and easy words and at the same time avoid clutter in you speech. 7. When you write a paper, citing the views from some experts is a good way to make your ideas more credible. 8. A good method of delivering a speech will improve its quality and will help convey the speakers’ ideas clearly and interestingly. 9. You should mot blindly use a word that you are not sure about, and if you are not sure, look up the word in a dictionary. 10. Your language should adapt to the particular occasion and audience. If your language is appropriate in all respects, your speech is successful. D. Before you deliver an academic speech, you should, first of all, get well prepared for it. Then, you should make your major points clear in your speech, and your speech should be well organized. When speaking, you should not speak too fast, and your language should be explicit. Don’t always read the notes you prepared beforehand. From time to time, you should look at your audience. On one hand, you can show your respect to your audience, and on the other hand, you will be able to go on with your speech more smoothly.

(完整版)综合英语课程标准第一册

一、课程性质及定位本课程是应用英语和商务英语专业的一门岗位素质课，属于A类课程。本课程是应用、商务英语专业的专业基础课，也是英语专业基础阶段的综合技能课。它旨在发展学生听、说、读、写等语言单项技能的课程相辅相成，使学生在得到语言技能的分项训练的同时，得到全面、严格的听、说、读、写、译等语言基本技能的整合性训练，达到对英语基础语法和基本词汇的熟练掌握和正确运用，各种语言技能协调发展，从而获得语言实际运用的能力；它还致力于使学生通过阅读和语言材料的课堂讲解分析，打开独立思考的空间，使他们的批判思维能力得到发展，人文知识得到增长，人文素养得到提高，为进入高年级的专业知识课程和相关专业知识课程的学习打下扎实的专业基础。二、本课程教学目标与任务通过本课程的学习，学生应能掌握全面严格的基本语言技能。本课程的目的在于传授英语基础知识，对学生进行全面的、严格的基本技能训练，以精读课文为重点引导学生扎实掌握英语基础知识及常用语法知识，掌握相当的词汇量，培养学生正确的学习方法、较强的逻辑思维能力和独立工作能力，丰富学生的英美社会文化知识，增强学生对文化差异的敏感性，为学生学习高年级专业课程打下扎实的基础。在具体的教学过程中，本课程秉承实用为主、够用为度的原则，一方面通过对精选的语言材料进行详细的讲解和分析，系统的向学生传授语音、词汇、语法、修辞和篇章等英语语言基础知识；另一方面，通过较多的师生互动和课内外练习，培养和提高学生听、说、读、写、译等方面的技能；此外，还应在整个教学过程中注意培养学生跨文化交际的能力和对英语语言学习的兴趣。同时使学生通过两年的综合英语学习，最终达到大学英语四、六级水平。三、先修及后续课程无四、本课程教学内容及基本要求 Unit 1 Education 1. read what Bill Gates says about education 2. build up the students’ vocabulary relating to campus life 3. learn something from an ancient Greek educator 4. study different types of nouns 5. write an introduction of oneself Students are required to master: the plural form of nouns, the skill of self introduction, words and phrases concerning education. Unit 2 Friendship 1. read two stories about friendship 2. learn some frequently-used words and phrases to do with making friends 3. get to know different types of pronouns 4. write a personal letter to a pen-friend Students are required to master: different types of pronouns, words and phrases concerning making friends, the skill of writing a personal letter.

新世纪英语专业综合教程(第二版)第1册单词

综合教程1 unit1 anguish n. 痛苦；苦恼vt. 使极度痛苦 vi. 感到极度的痛苦 beloved n. 心爱的人；亲爱的教友 adj. 心爱的；挚爱的 breathing n. 呼吸；瞬间；微风 adj. 呼吸的；逼真的 v. 呼吸（breathe的现在分词） confront vt. 面对；遭遇；比较 conspicuously adv. 显著地，明显地；超群地，惹人注目地 evil n. 罪恶，邪恶；不幸 adj. 邪恶的；不幸的；有害的；讨厌的 gracefully adv. 优雅地；温文地 gravely adv. 严重地；严肃地；严峻地；沉重地 haven n. 港口；避难所，安息所 vt. 为……提供避难处；安置……于港中 hoarse adj. 嘶哑的 kneel vi. 跪下，跪 note n. 笔记；音符；票据；注解；纸币；便笺；照会；调子vt. 注意；记录；注解part n. 部分；角色；零件adj. 部分的 vt. 分离；分配；分开adv. 部分地 vi. 断裂；分手 porch n. 门廊；走廊 rest n. 休息，静止；休息时间；剩余部分；支架vt. 使休息，使轻松；把…寄托于vi. 休息；静止；依赖；安置 rosebush n. 蔷薇丛；玫瑰丛；灌木 shudder n. 发抖；战栗；震动 vi. 发抖；战栗 summon vt. 召唤；召集；鼓起；振作 bring back 拿回来；使…恢复；使…回忆起来 give in v. 屈服；让步；交上 hand in hand 手拉手地；联合 have sth. in common 有共同之处 laughter and tears lock sth. away through one’s tears well up 涌出；流露；萌发

综合教程第1册何兆熊主编英语专业综合英语1Dictationtapescript

综合教程第1册 Unit 1 I. Dictation Throughout history / the basic unit of almost every human society / has been the family. / Members of the family live together / under the same roof. / They share the economic burdens of life / as well as its joys. / The family head usually has considerable influence / in arranging marriages, / selecting careers / and determining all important moves and purchases / by any member of the family. / Particularly in conditions / where society or the state / does not give aid / and the responsibilities of the family are greater, / this large group / provides better protection / in times of economic or other emergency. Unit 2 Children learn almost nothing from television, / and the more they watch, / the less they remember. / They regard television purely as entertainment, / resent programs that make demands on them / and are surprised that anybody should take the medium seriously. / Far from being over-excited by programs, / they are mildly bored with the whole thing. / These are the main conclusions from a new study of children and television. / Its author confirms / that the modern child is a dedicated viewer. / The study suggests / that there is little point in the television company’s attempts / to isolate adult viewing in the later hours. / More than a third of the children regularly watched their programs after 9 . / All 11-year-olds had watched programs after midnight. Unit 3: I. Dictation Mother's Day is celebrated / on the second Sunday in May. / On this occasion, / Mother usually receives greeting cards and gifts / from her husband and children. / For most mothers, / the rarest and best gift / is a day of rest. / Often, / families honor Mother / by taking her out for dinner. / In some households / the husband and children / take over meal preparations / so that Mom can spend a whole day / away from the kitchen. / Serving her breakfast in bed / is another family ritual. / Later in the day, / parents may take their children / to visit their grandparents. / Flowers are an important part of the day. / Mothers are often given corsages / for the occasion, / particularly if they are elderly. Unit 4 Dictation In order to learn to be one’s true self, / it is necessary to obtain a wide and extensive knowledge / of what has been said and done in the world; / critically to inquire into it; / carefully to consider it; / clearly to analyze it; / and earnestly to carry it out. It matters not what you learn, / but when you once learn a thing, / you must never give it up / until you have thoroughly understood it. / It matters not what you try to think of, / but when you once try to think of a thing, / you must never give it up / until you have done it thoroughly and well. If another man succeeds by one effort, / you will use a hundred efforts. / If another man succeeds by ten efforts, / you will use a thousand. Unit 5: In order to learn to be one’s true self, / it is necessary to obtain a wide and extensive knowledge / of what has been said and done in the world; / critically to inquire into it; / carefully to consider it; / clearly to analyze it; / and earnestly to carry it out.

朱明zhubob-新思维综合英语2Unit8语法知识点和综合练习打印版

主讲：朱明高级工程师、高级技师、国家经济师高级国家职业技能鉴定考评员高级技能专业教师综合英语2Unit8 语法知识点及综合练习 had better表示"最好" had better 相当于一个助动词，它只有一种形式，它后面要跟动词原形。 had better do sth had better not do sth It is pretty cold. You'd better put on my coat.She'd better not play with the dog. had better have done sth表示与事实相反的结果，意为"本来最好"。 You had better have come earlier. 不定式作补语 1) 动词+宾语+不定式(to do) advise，allow，appoint，believe，cause，challenge，command，compel，consider，declare，drive，enable，encourage，find，forbid，force，guess，hire，imagine，impel，induce，inform，instruct，invite，judge，know，like，order，permit，persuade，remind，report，request，require，select，send，state，suppose，tell，think，train，trust，understand，urge，warn 例句：a.Father will not allow us to play on the street.父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。 b.We believe him to be guilty.我们相信他是有罪的。 Find 的特殊用法： Find 后可用分词做宾补，或先加形式宾语，再加形容词，最后加带to 的动词不定式。find后也可带一个从句。此类动词还有get，have。 I found him lying on the ground.I found it important to learn. I found that to learn English is important. 典型例题:The next morning she found the man ___ in bed，dead. A. lying B. lie C. lay D. laying 答案：A.find的宾语后面，用分词或分词短语，起宾语补足语作用。现在分词表达主动，也表达正在进行，过去分词表达被动。 2) to + be 的不定式结构，作补语的动词。Acknowledge, believe, consider, think, declare(声称),discover, fancy(设想),feel，find,guess, judge, imagine, know, prove, see(理解), show, suppose, take(以为), understand We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class. 我们认为汤姆是班上最好的学生之一。典型例题Charles Babbage is generally considered___ the first computer. A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented 答案：A. 由consider to do sth. 排除B、D。此句只说明发明这一个事实，