研究生英语阅读教程(基础级)第三版 课后习题答案 Lesson 1

Unit One

World English: A Blessing or a Curse (p7)

1. There has been much opposition from social groups, B from the farming

community.

A. straightforwardly(直接地)

B. notably（显著地，尤其）

C. virtually（事实上）

D. exceptionally（例外地）

译文：社会团体，尤其是农业团体，对此有许多反对意见。

2. The A view in Britain and other Western countries associates aging with decline, dependency, isolation, and often poverty.

A. predominant（占支配地位的）

B. credulous（轻信的）

C. inclusive（包含的）

D. sustainable（可持续的）

译文：英国和其他西方国家的主流观点认为，老龄化意味着衰落、依赖、孤立，而且往往是贫穷。

3. But gifts such as these cannot be awarded to everybody, either by judges or by the most D of governments.

A. tough（困难的）

B. demanding（苛求的）

C. diverse（不同的）

D. benign（有利的；善良的）

译文：但是，这样的礼物不可能由法官或最仁慈的政府颁发给所有人。

4. The foreman read the C of guilty fourteen times, one for each defendant.

A. prejudice（偏见）

B. verification（政审）

C. verdict（判断；裁决）

D. punishment（惩罚）

译文：陪审团念了十四遍有罪判决，为每位被告都念了一遍。

5. They fear it could have a(n) B effect on global financial markets.

A. sizeable（相当大的）

B. adverse（不利的）

C. benefical（有利的）

D. consequential（重要的）

译文：他们担心这会对全球金融市场产生不良影响。

6. The UN threatened to D economic sanctions if the talks were broken off.

A. engage（吸引；使订婚）

B. pursue（继续）

C. abandon（抛弃）

D. invoke（诉诸）

译文：如果谈判破裂，联合国威胁要诉诸经济制裁。

7. There are at least four crucial differences between the new A and the old government.

A. regime（政权）

B. hegemony（霸权）

C. complex（情节）

D. federation（联合；联邦）

译文：新政权和旧政府之间至少有四个关键的区别。

8. These questions B a challenge to established attitude of superiority toward the outside world.

A. evolve（发展；进化）

B. constitute（形成；等同于）

C. tolerate（忍受）

D. aroused（引起）

译文：这些问题构成了对既定的对外优越态度的挑战。

9. Because of this, a strong administrative A was needed to plan the use of scarce resources, organize production and regulate distribution.

A. apparatus（组织机构）

B. constitution（宪法）

C. insistence（坚持；强调）

D. promotion（提升）

译文：因此，需要一个强有力的行政机构来规划稀少资源的使用、组织生产和管制分配。

10. I learnt that there are no genuinely C animals in this area, all the animals were

brought here from other places.

A. endangered（濒于灭绝的）

B. domesticated（驯养）

C. indigenous（土生土长的）

D. extinct（灭绝的；绝种的）

译文：我了解到这个地区没有真正的土生土长的动物，所有的动物都是从其他地方带来的。

point up（强调）by and large（总的来说）take in（吸收，吸纳）descent（血统）for good or ill（无论好坏）leave aside（搁置）crystal clear（显而易见的）die out（灭绝）endanger（危害）lay...at the door of（归咎于）

1.The book concludes with a review of the possible impact of more intimate computers,

for good or ill in various areas of human life.

译文：这本书的结尾回顾了更亲密的电脑可能带来的影响，无论是好是坏，在人类生活的各个领域。

2.Moreover, it had become clear from the opinion polls that the unpopularity of the new

tax was being laid at the door of the government which had introduced it, rather than the local authorities who were responsible for levying and collecting it.

译文：此外，从民意调查中可以清楚地看出，新税不受欢迎的原因是推行新税的政府，而不是负责征收和征收新税的地方当局。

3.This case gave the example of breaking someone's arm: that is a really serious injury,

but one which is unlikely to endanger the victim's life.

译文：这个案例给出了打断别人胳膊的例子:这是一个非常严重的伤害，但不太可能危及受害者的

生命。

4. Many of those who hold it live in poor areas and some are Colored, that is, of mixed

European and African descent .

译文：许多持有它的人生活在贫困地区，一些是有色人种，即欧洲和非洲混血。

5.This debate is important because it points up that "the facts" are not necessarily as

simple and straightforward as they might at first sight seem.

译文：这场辩论之所以重要，是因为它指出，“事实”不一定像乍一看那么简单明了。

6.In the beginning, the meaning of life might be debated, but once past the first period,

many of the conversations follow a well-worn route from one topic to the next and back again, taking in most of human life.

译文：一开始，人们可能会争论生命的意义，但一旦过了第一阶段，许多对话就会沿着一条老生常谈的路线从一个话题转到另一个话题，然后再转回来，占据人类生活的大部分时间。

7.But since agriculture forms the basis of our industry, it was, by and large , also an

intensification of the crisis in the national economy in general.

译文：但是，由于农业是我们工业的基础，总的来说，它也加剧了整个国民经济的危机。

8.Let us leave aside other relevant factors such as education, career structure, pay and

conditions of service and concentrate on manpower management.

译文：让我们把教育、职业结构、薪酬和服务条件等其他相关因素放在一边，集中精力进行人力管理。

9.It is true that the exact nature of this issue is uncertain. However, one thing is crystal

clear .it will not endanger the planet and its inhabitants.

译文：的确，这个问题的确切性质是不确定的。然而，有一件事是非常清楚的，那就是它不会危及

地球及其居民。

10.B ut if animal populations are too small, then they simply die out .

译文：但是如果动物数量太少，它们就会灭绝。

1. For English is a killer. It is English that has killed off Cumbric, Cornish, Norn and Manx. There are still parts of these islands where sizeable communities speak languages that were there before English. Yet English is everywhere in everyday use and understood by all or virtually all, constituting such a threat to the three remaining Celtic languages, Irish, Scottish Gaelic, and Welsh...that their long-term future must be considered...very greatly at risk.

因为英语是个杀手。正是英语造成了康瑞克、康尼施、诺恩、曼科斯等语言的消亡。在其中一部分岛上还有相当多的人使用在英语到来之前就已存在的语言。然而，英语在日常生活中无处不在。所有的人或几乎所有的人都懂英语。英语对现存的凯尔特语——爱尔兰语、苏格兰盖尔语及威尔士语的威胁是如此之大，它们的未来岌岌可危。

2. He also associated such policies with a prejudice which he calls linguicism (a condition parallel to racism and sexism).As Phillipson sees it, leading institutions and individuals within the predominantly "white" English-speaking world, have (by design or default)encouraged or at least tolerated-and certainly have not opposed-the hegemonic spread of English, a spread which began some three centuries ago as economic and colonial expansion.

同时，他认为这些政策和他称之为语言歧视（和种族歧视、性别歧视的情况类似）的偏见密切相关。在菲利普森看来，在以白人英语为主导的世界，最重要的机构和个人（有意或无意地）鼓励

或者至少是容忍了（肯定没有反对）英语霸权主义式的传播。这种传播始于三个世纪之前的经济及殖民扩张。

3By and large, we now view them as more or less benign, and often talk with admiration and appreciation about the cultures associated with them and what they have given to the world. And it is fairly safe to do this, because none of them now poses much of a threat.

总的来说，我们现在或多或少地把这些语言看作有利的语言。在谈到与之相关的文化及其为世界所做的贡献时，我们常怀有崇敬与赞赏，而且这样做也没有太大的风险，因为这些语言现在已不会构成什么威胁。

4.Yet many people see English as a blessing. Let me leave aside here the obvious

advantages possessed by any world language, such as a large communicative network,

a strong literary and media complex, and a powerful cultural and educational

apparatus.

然而，许多人把英语看成是一件幸事。在此，我暂且不谈任何世界语言所具有的明显优势，例如广泛的通信网，强大的文化传媒体系，及强有力的文化教育机构。

5.English-speaking South Africans of British descent were not particularly strong in

opposing the apartheid regime, and the black opposition, whose members had many languages, was at first weak and disorganized.

讲英语的南非英国后裔并不强烈反对种族隔离政权，而黑人反对力量，其成员讲多种语言，在初期软弱无力且缺乏组织。

6.Such symbolism suggests that the users of the world's lingua franca should seek to

benefit as fully as possible from the blessing and as far as possible avoid invoking the

curse.

这一象征表明这种世界通用语的使用者应充分发掘这一幸事为我们带来的好处,同时尽能避免招来灾难。

工程硕士 研究生英语基础教程课后习题 Unit1-15 汉译英全部 精校版

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工程硕士研究生英语基础教程 英译汉

工程硕士研究生英语基础教程英译汉（Unit 1-10、13、14） Unit 1 1. Two noted Americans explain why it’s not what you earn-it’s what you learn. 两位美国名人解释为什么不是你所挣的而是你所学的更重要。 2. I have never thought I was better than anyone else, but I have always believed I couldn’t be outworked. 我从不认为我那时比其他任何人强，但我一直相信我当时干的活儿别人都赶不上。 3. Watching my money grow was more rewarding than anything I could have bought. 看着存款数增加比我当时原本可以买到的任何东西都更让我满足。 4. I took a genuine interest in their questions and was able to translate what they wanted into makeup ideas. 我发自内心地关心她们的问题，并能理解她们的愿望，给她们出些该如何化妆的点子。 5. I ended up selling a record amount of cosmetics. 结果我创下了化妆品销售的最好成绩。 Unit 2 1. With the click of a mouse, information from the other end of the globe will be transported to your computer screen at the extremely fast speed of seven-and-a-half times around the earth per second. 只要用鼠标点击一下，在地球另一端的信息马上就会以每秒钟绕地球七周半的惊人速度传输到你的电脑屏幕上。 2. Besides, if everyone shops on the Net , what will happen to the hundreds and thousands of shopping malls? 此外，如果大家都在网上购物，那么成千上万的购物中心该怎么办呢？ 3. The huge power of electronic commerce (e-commerce) will change the face of trade dramatically. 电子商务的惊人威力会使贸易的局面发生激动人心的巨变。 4. The development of e-commerce may well bring the world into a brand new era of “electronic currency” . 电子商务的发展很可能会把世界带进一个“电子货币”的崭新时代。 5. As the Net pushes the economy ahead rapidly, the economy is also bringing the Net market forward , resulting in the Internet itself becoming the world’s largest emerging market. 在网络化高速地推动经济发展的同时，经济也反过来促进网络市场的发展，其结果是国际互联网本身将成为全球最大的新兴市场。 Unit 3 1. So, if you lose a key species, you might cause a whole flood of other extinctions. 所以，如果失去一个重要的物种，那也许会引起大量其他物种的绝迹。 2. Instead of depending on largely ineffective laws against illegal hunting, it gives local people a good economic reason to preserve and animals. 这种办法使当地人们可以为了经济上的原因而去保护动、植物，而不是依靠在很大程度上难以奏效的那些反非法偷 猎的规章制度。 3. With corruption popular in many developing countries, some observers are suspicious that the money will actually reach the people it is intended for. 由于许多发展中国家普遍存在腐败，一些观察家对这些钱财实际上能否到达应该接受这笔财物的人们手中表示怀疑。 4. Sustainable management of forests requires controls on the number of trees which are cut down, as well as investment in replacing them. 森林的可持续管理既需要投资种植新树以取代被砍伐的树木，也需要对被砍伐树木的数量进行控制。 5. In theory, consumers would buy only this wood and so fo rce logging companies to go “green” or go out of business. 理论上讲，消费者只能购买这些获得认可的木材，这将迫使伐木公司开始保护“绿色”，否则将无生意可做。 Unit 4 1. The trend began in earnest in 1995, when the Queen of England admitted that the Maori people of New Zealand had been shamefully treated, when the country was a British colony. 这个潮流是从1995年才真正开始的。当时英国女王承认当新西兰还是英国的殖民地时，新西兰的土著毛利人曾遭

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U n i t O n e Task 1 1.A 2.C 3.B 4.C 5.D 6.D 7.D 8.C 9.A 10.D 11.A 12.B Task 2 1.public(c) 2.discipline(b) 3.strength(a) 4.reference(a) 5.strength(d) 6.public(a) 7.demonstrated(b) 8.discipline(c) 9.references(c) 10.personality(a) 11.discipllining(d) 12.demonstrates(a) 13.public(d) 14.reference(b) 15.personality(c) Task 3 1.employment 2.paid 3.adjust 4.setting 5.discouraged 6.credit 7.cite 8.demonstrate 9.teamwork 10.rules Unit Two Task 1 1.A 2.B 3.B 4.C 5.B 6.A 7.B 8.C 9.A 10.C Task 2 1. bud (n.); budding (adj.) 2. access (n.); access (v.) 3. taste (n.);tasted (v.) 4. fool (n.); fooling (v.) 5. produces (v.); produce (n.) 6. garnish (v.); garnishes (n.) 7. reigns (v.); reign (n.) 8. concern (n.); concerned (v.) 9. named (v.); name (n.) 10. practiced (v.); practice (n.) Task 3 1) integration 2) choice 3) handed 4) aspiring 5) steaming 6) masterpieces 7) pleasure 8) partake 9) amazing 10) presented Unit Three Task 1 1.A 2.B 3.C 4.B 5.A 6.B 7.C 8.A Task 2 1. stack up against 2. struck a chord 3. amounted to 4. chopping off 5. appeal to 6. pick up on 7. turned out 8. fade away 9. brought together 10. pulled off 11. thrust upon 12. be kept clear of Task 3 1) swirling 2) delivered 3) glowed 4) intervals 5) converge 6) wanderings 7) navigate 8) jealousy 9) presence 10) absorbed Unit Four Task 1 1.A 2. A 3. C 4. B 5. B 6. C 7. D 8. C 9. A 10. C Task 2 1. maintained (a) 2. romantic (a) 3. essential (a) 4. essentials (c) 5. dimension (c) 6. intimate (a) 7. maintains (c) 8. defies (b) 9. intimated (d) 10. dimensions (a) 11. defy (a) 12. romantic (b) 13. dimensions (b) 14. maintain (d) 15. intimate (c) Task 3 1) prerequisite 2) date 3) Respect 4) important 5) whomever 6) candidates 7) highly 8) essential 9) suitable 10) sufficient Unit Five

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Unit1 从能力到责任 当代的大学生对他们在社会中所扮演的角色的认识模糊不清。他们致力于寻求在他们看来似乎是最现实的东西：追求安全保障，追逐物质财富的积累。年轻人努力想使自己成人成才、有所作为，但他们对未来的认识还是很模糊的。处于像他们这样前程未定的年龄阶段，他们该信仰什么?大学生一直在寻找真我的所在，寻找生活的意义。一如芸芸众生的我们，他们也陷入了两难的境地。一方面，他们崇尚奉献于人的理想主义，而另一方面，他们又经不住自身利益的诱惑，陷入利己主义的世界里欲罢不能。 最终而言，大学教育素质的衡量取决于毕业生是否愿意为他们所处的社会和赖以生存的城市作出贡献。尼布尔曾经写道：“一个人只有意识到对社会所负有的责任，他才能够认识到自身的潜力。一个人如果一味地以自我为中心，他将会失去自我。”本科教育必须对这种带有理想主义色彩的观念进行自我深省，使学生超越以自我为中心的观念，以诚相待，服务社会。在这一个竞争激烈＼残酷的社会，人们期望大学生能报以正直、文明，，甚至富有同情心的人格品质去与人竞争，这是否已是一种奢望?人们期望大学的人文教育会有助于培养学生的人际交往能力，如今是否仍然适合? 毫无疑问，大学生应该履行公民的义务。美国的教育必须立刻采取行动，使教育理所当然地承担起弥合公共政策与公众的理解程度之间的极具危险性且在日益加深的沟壑这一职责。那些要求人们积极思考政府的议程并提供富于创意的意见的信息似乎越来越让我们感到事不关己。所以很多人认为想通过公众的参与来解决复杂的公共问题已不再可能行得通。设想，怎么可能让一些非专业人士去讨论必然带来相应后果的政府决策的问题，而他们甚至连语言的使用都存在困难? 核能的使用应该扩大还是削弱?水资源能保证充足的供应吗?怎样控制军备竞赛?大气污染的安全标准是多少?甚至连人类的起源与灭绝这样近乎玄乎的问题也会被列入政治议事日程。 类似的一头雾水的感觉，公众曾经尝试过。当他们试图弄懂有关“星球大战”的辩论的问题时，那些关于“威慑”与“反威慑”等高科技的专业术语，曾让公众一筹莫展。像地方的区域规划，学校种族隔离制的废除，排水系统的问题，公共交通的治理，以及申请获得正在相互竞争的有线电视公司的许可证等这些曾经看起来只是一些地方性事务的事情，现在也需要专家采解决。这些专家的辩论充满着技术术语，常常使问题变得让人迷惑不解而不会使问题云开雾散，清晰明了。公共生活的复杂性，要求更多＼而非更少的信息资料；需要更积极＼而非越来越消极的公众的参与。 对于那些关心“民治政府”的人，公众理解程度的每况愈下是无法接受的。当今世界，人类生存问题吉凶未卜，无知是不可取的。那些目光短浅的专家们制定措施时一手遮天，这也是不可容忍的。作为公民，我们只有找到更好的教育方法，只有提出更棘手的问题，并得到满意的答案，才能在关键的决策时刻承担风险，运用我们所学的知识做出重大决定，否则，我们只能基于盲目地相信一个或几个所谓的专家做出决策。 我们的民主社会需要一批受过良好教育关心他人的年轻人群策群力，本着共同的信念，团结在一起，相互学习，参与到社会民主的建设之中。 民主的社会需要关心民主社会的公众，需要他们成为善于发问的民主参与者，成为知道怎样提出恰如其份的问题的人，知道公共政策的决策形成过程，并能够对那些影响深远的问题做出敏锐的，有见地的判断。诚然，没有哪个社会机构能独立培养我们所需的领导人才，但我们深信，如果“民治政府’’要有生命力的话，大学相对子其他机构来说，更有责任去培养我们国家所急需的具有宏畴伟略的领导人。 为了完成这个迫切的使命，年轻人的目光不能仅仅停留在国内，还必须放眼世界。现在的学生不但要对本国的人民与文化了如指掌，而且也应该熟知本国以外的文明。人类的势力范围已涉及到太空，一切变得都很明了，我们都是同一个星球的守护者。在过去的半个世纪中，我们的地球变得越来越拥挤，相互依赖性越来越强，同时也更加变化莫测。如果学生只一味自以为是，不能更好地理解自己在芸芸众生中的地位，那么他们对生活的社会所应承担的责任的能力将慢慢被消磨殆尽，及至危险的境地。 世界或许还没有变成一个小村庄。但可以肯定的是，我们的邻里意识必须加以扩展。当旱灾席卷撒哈拉沙漠，当印度支那战争带来难民潮时，我们的同情心，我们富于分析的智慧都不再受缚于地图上的政治分界线。我们开始知道，饥荒和人权已如同武器＼条约一样，对人类团结起着决定性的影响。最令人担心的是，蘑菇云已在人类意识里投下了不祥的阴影。这些业已存在的事实及其带来的后果都必须让每个学生了解。

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Unit 1 Text A Exercises 1. Reading comprehension A. Read the text and answer the following questions. 1. What, according to the author, do Americans love? Cite examples to illustrate your point. Americans love new frontiers. For example, they hanker after wide-open spaces; they like to explore; they like to make rules but refuse to follow them. 2. Is there a place on earth where you can go and be yourself? What is the place according to the author? According to the author, there is a place—cyberspace, where you can go and be yourself. 3. What metaphor does the author use to describe cyberspace? Why does she use such a metaphor? Real estate, because both real estate and cyberspace consist of different parts and each part is suitable for a particular group of people. 4. Does the author approve of regulating cyberspace? Why or why not? Yes, but first, it is fundamental to understand the nature of cyberspace. 5. What does the author think is needed in cyberspace besides government

工程硕士研究生英语基础教程学生用书翻译部分unit-

工程硕士研究生英语基础教程学生用书翻译部分unit-

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Unit 8 1、最近，我有一个朋友辞去了他公司里的那份工资高但要求也高的工作。（quit） One friend of mine has decided to quit his highly-paid but demanding position in his company rec ently. 2、她以烹饪美食为乐。(take delight (in) doing sth.) She takes delight (in) cooking lovely meals. 3、她要查寻是否给她预定了房间。(reserve for) She wanted to check if there was a room reserved for her. 4、当你打开立体图书，你肯定会打吃一惊。(be in for) When you open the pop-up book, you’re in for a big surprise. 5、他一生中的两大爱好是音乐和绘画。(interest) His two great interests in life are music and painting. 6、婚礼以后，我们就回到中国去，因为我们在那里工作，并且打算在那里生活。(wedding) After the wedding we’ll be returning to China, where we work and plan to live. 7、他们都饿了，因而感到饭菜喷香。(smell) They were all hungry and the food smelt good. 8、树越高，风越大。(the…the…) The higher the tree, the stronger the wind. 9、他的妻子开玩笑说跟他结婚的是他的工作。（marry）workaholic 工作狂 His wife joked that he was married to his work. 10、这本书还到图书馆时，缺了12页。(missing) When the book was returned to the library, it had 12 pages missing. (1)As I left in a big hurry, I forgot to bring the textbook with me. (2)If you can keep the room clean and tidy, we will let you use it. (3)She accepted the invitation even though she didn’t really want to attend the party. (4)So long as we don’t lose heart, we will be able to find the way to solve the problem. (5)I don’t know what decisions were made at the conference because our representative hasn’t reported to me yet. Unit 9 1. 很可能她把这事全忘了。(more likely than not) More likely than not, she’s forgotten all about it. 2. 这意味着我们实际上没有可能按时完成。(effectively) This means that effectively we have no chance of finishing it on time. 3. 他的第一部小说不算太好也不算太糟，就是一般水平 His first was not particularly good or bad, just average. 4. 谈到现代爵士乐，没几个人比汤姆知道得更多。 (when it comes to) When it comes to modern jazz, very few people know more than Tom. 5．这项研究的重要性在于它证实了A与B之间存在联系。(in that) The research is important in that it confirms the existence of a relationship between A and B. 6.尽管以前我们失败过，但仍要坚持下去。（regardless of） 7.We will persevere regardless of past failures. 7. 考试不能促使学生去追求更多的知识。（motivate） Examinations do not motivate a student to seek more knowledge. 8、成功的领导者是事先控制事件而不是事后才作出反应。（dominate） Successful leaders dominate events rather than react to them.