国际大学生数学建模竞赛参赛规则中英文对照
2011国际大学生数学建模竞赛参赛规则中英文对照
MCM: The Mathematical Contest in Modeling（数学建模竞赛）
ICM: The Interdisciplinary Contest in Modeling（交叉学科建模竞赛）Contest Rules, Registration and Instructions（比赛规则，比赛注册和指导）(All rules and instructions apply to both ICM and MCM contests, except where otherwise noted.)（所有MCM的说明和规则除特别说明以外都适用于ICM）
To participate in a contest, each team must be sponsored by a faculty advisor from its institution.（每个MCM的参赛队需有一名所在单位的指导教师负责。）
Team Advisors: Please read these instructions carefully. It is your responsibility to make sure that teams are correctly registered and that all of the following steps required for participation in the contest are completed:（指导老师：请认真阅读这些说明，确保完成了所有相关的步骤。每位指导教师的责任包括确保每个参赛队正确注册并正确完成参加MCM/ ICM所要求的相关步骤。）
Please print a copy of these contest instructions for reference before, during, and after the contest. Click here for the printer friendly version. （请在比赛前做一份《竞赛注册和指导》的拷贝，以便在竞赛时和结束后作为参考。）
I. BEFORE THE CONTEST BEGINS: （竞赛前）
A. Registration（注册）
B. Choose your team members（选好参赛队成员）
II. AFTER THE CONTEST BEGINS: （竞赛开始之后）
A. View the contest problems via the contest web site（通过竞赛的网址查看题目）
B. Choose a problem（选题）
C. Teams prepare solutions（参赛队准备解决方案）
D. Print Summary Sheet and Control Sheet（打印摘要和控制页面）
III. BEFORE THE CONTEST ENDS: （竞赛结束之前）
A. Send electronic copy of Solution Paper by email（发送电子版论文）
IV. WHEN THE CONTEST ENDS: （竞赛结束的时候）
A. Prepare Solution Packet（准备论文打包）
B. Mail Solution Packet（邮寄论文）
V. AFTER THE CONTEST IS OVER: （竞赛结束之后）
A. Confirm that your team’s solution was received（确认论文收到）
B. Check contest results（核实竞赛结果）
C. Certificates（发证书）
D. Prizes（颁奖）
IMPORTANT NOTES: COMAP is the final arbiter of all rules and policies, and may disqualify or refuse to register any team that, in its sole discretion, does not follow these contest regulations and procedures.（COMAP拥有对所有规则和制度的解释权，有权不受理任何不符合要求的参赛申请。）
If a team is caught violating the rules, the faculty advisor will not be permitted to advise another team for one year, and the advisor’s institution will be put on probation for one year.
（如果参赛队伍违反竞赛规则，该指导老师一年之内将不能指导其他队伍，该参赛单位将被留作观察一年。）
If a team from the same institution is caught violating the rules a second time, then that school will not be allowed to compete for a period of at least one year. （如果一个队第二次违反了规定，该学校将最少被禁赛一年。）
All times given in these instructions are in terms of Eastern Standard Time (EST). (COMAP is located in the U.S. Eastern Time zone.) （COMAP 位于美国东部时区，本《指导》中所涉及的所有时间均指的是东部时间。）
I. BEFORE THE CONTEST BEGINS: （竞赛前）
A. Registration（注册）
All teams must be registered before 2PM EST on Thursday, February 10, 2011. We recommend that all teams complete the registration process well in advance, since the registration system will not accept any new team registrations after the deadline. COMAP will not accept late registrations for MCM/ICM 2011 under any circumstances. NO EXCEPTIONS WILL BE MADE.（所有的参赛队必须在美国东部时间2011年2月10号（星期四）下午2点前完成注册。届时，注册系统将会自动关闭，不再接受新的注册。任何未在规定时间内注册的参赛队都没有参加2011年MCM的资格。不存在例外情况。）
1. Register your team online via the contest web site: Go to
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/b98988748.html,/undergraduate/contests/mcm.
（在线通过下面的网站注册：https://www.wendangku.net/doc/b98988748.html,/undergraduate/contests/mcm.）
a. If you are registering your first team for this year’s contest, click on Register for 2011 Contest on the left-hand side of the screen. （如果您刚刚开始注册竞赛的第一个参赛队，请点击网页左边的Register for 2011 Contest 。）
Enter all the required information, including your email address and contact information. （输入所有需要的信息，包括邮箱地址和联系方式。）
IMPORTANT: Be sure to use a valid and current email address so that we can use it to contact you at any point before, during, and after the contest, if necessary.
（特别注意：必须输入一个可用的正确的E-mail地址！以便竞赛主委会与各参赛队在赛前、赛中和赛后都能保持联系。）
b. If you have already registered a team for this year’s contest and want to register a second team, click on Advisor Login, then log in with the same email address and password that you used when you registered your first team. Once you’re logged in, click on Register Another Team near the upper right corner of the page, then follow the instructions there.（如果您已经注册过一个参赛队而想为另外一个参赛队注册，请点击 Advisor Login，打开页面后请您使用在注册第一支参赛队时使用的E-mail地址和密码进行登入。登入之后请点击网页右上角的 Register Another Team 链接，按照我们的指导进行下一步。）
Note: An advisor may register no more than two (2) teams. If you already registered two teams, the Register Another Team link will not appear. The system will not allow you to register more than two teams. （注意:一个指导老师注册不能超过两个队。如果你已经注册了2个队，Register Another Team链接就消失。系统不允许注册超过2队。）
c. Although each advisor can register only two teams, there is no restriction on the number of advisors or teams that can register from any particular institution or department. （虽然每个指导老师只能注册两个队，但是对指导老师或者是总的队数是没有限制的。）
2. Registration Fee
A $100 registration fee per team is required.（每队必须交100美元的报名费。）
For an additional $100 fee per team, you can receive a Judges Commentary written specifically about your team’s paper. （每个队额外的交100美元，可以收到一个专门为你们的论文写的评委评论。）
We accept payment with Mastercard or Visa only via our secure web site. We cannot accept other forms of payment. Our secure site will process your credit card payment, so your credit card number is protected. Our system will not store your credit card number after it processes your payment.（我们仅通过Mastercard 或者 Visa收取注册费。我们不接受其他方式的付款。我们会保护你信用卡的账号安全，系统在付账之后不会存储你的账号。）
3. After we receive approval from your financial institution (this takes only a few seconds), the system will issue a control number for your team. Your team is not officially registered until you have received a team control number. Print the page that displays your team control number: It is your only confirmation that your team has been registered. This page also lists the email address and password that you entered when registering; you will need this information to complete the contest procedures.（一旦我们收到了您的信用卡机构的确认（这往往只需要数秒钟），我们的系统将为您的参赛队自动生成一个控制编号。参赛队在没有收到控制编号以前都是没有完成参赛注册的。将给出参赛队控制编号的网页打印出来：这是你已经注册的唯一的确认。该网页同时也包含了你注册时所提供的 E-mail 和密码的提示，您在完成比赛的整个过程中将会用到它们。）
You will NOT receive an email confirmation of your registration.（）你将不会收到Email的确认注册信息。
4. If you need to change any of the information (name, address, contact information, etc.) that you specified when you registered, you can do so at any point before or during the contest by logging in to the contest web site with the same email address and password that you used when registering (click on the Advisor Login link on the left side of the screen). Once logged in, click on the Edit Advisor or Institution Data link near the upper right corner of the page.（如果需要在赛前或是赛中改变任何您在注册时所填写的参赛信息（姓名、地址、联系资料等）时，你可以点击页面左边的 Advisor Login 链接并使用你的 E-mail 和密码登入大赛的网站。登陆以后点击页面右上角的Edit Advisor or Institution Data 链接进行修改。）
5. Check the contest web site regularly for any updated instructions or announcements about the contest. Except in extreme circumstances, COMAP will not send any confirmation, reminders, or announcements by email. All communication regarding the contest will be via the contest web site.（经常性地访问竞赛网站查看更新的说明或与竞赛有关的通知。除非在极端的情况下，COMAP是不会通过 E-mail 发出任何确认、提醒或是通知。所有与竞赛相关的消息将通过竞赛的网站发布。）
6. You will return to the contest web site during the contest to enter and confirm information about your team, and to print out your team’s Control Sheet and Summary Sheets, which you will use when preparing your team’s solution packet. Details on these steps follow in the instructions below.（返回组委会的网站，登陆并确认所有与您的队伍相关的资料，打印出您的队伍的控制和简历页面，这些将在您们准备参赛队的包裹密封的时候用到。请仔细阅读这些步骤的详细说明。）
B. Choose your team members:
1. You must choose your team members before the contest begins at 8PM EST on Thursday February 10, 2011. Once the contest begins you may not add or change any team members (you may, however, remove a team member, if he or she decides not to participate).
2. Each team may consist of a maximum of three students.
3. Each student may participate on only one team.
4. Team members must be enrolled in school at the time of the contest, but they need not be full-time students. Team members must be enrolled at the same school as the advisor and other team members.
请确定参赛队成员：
1．您必须在在美国东部时间2011年2月10日（星期四）晚上8点大赛开始以前选择好您的参赛队的队员。一旦比赛开始，您将不能增加或是改变任何一个参赛队队员（但是如果参赛队员本人决定不参加比赛，您可以取消他/她的参赛资格）。
2．每个参赛队最多都只能由3名学生组成。
3．一个学生最多只能参加一个参赛队。
4．在比赛时间内，参赛队成员必须是在校学生，但可以不是全日制学生。参赛队成员和指导教师必须来自同一所学校。
II. AFTER THE CONTEST BEGINS:
A. View the contest problems via the contest web site:
Teams can view the contest problems via the contest web site when the contest begins at 8PM EST on Thursday February 10, 2011:
1. The contest problems will become available precisely at 8PM EST on Thursday February 10, 2011;team members can view them by visiting
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/b98988748.html,/undergraduate/contests/mcm.
No password will be needed to view the problems; simply go to the contest web site at or after 8PM EST on Thursday, February 10, 2010 and you will see a link to view the problems.
2. If you cannot access our main web site at that time, go to our mirror site at
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/b98988748.html,/mcm
or click here. If you cannot access either site, there may be a problem with your local Internet connection. Contact your local Internet service provider to resolve the issue.
竞赛开始之后：
A. 通过网站的得到题目
美国东部时间2011年2月10日（星期四）晚上8点竞赛开始时，可以通过网站得到题目。
1.赛题会于美国东部时间2011年2月10日（星期四）晚上8点公布：所有的参赛队员可以通过访问https://www.wendangku.net/doc/b98988748.html,/undergraduate/contests/mcm.得到赛题。无须任何密码，仅通过网页连接就可以得到赛题。
2、如果因为某些原因您无法直接访问到我们的主站，您也可以访问我们的镜像网站
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/b98988748.html,/mcm
或者点击这里。竞赛的网站和镜像网站位于美国不同地方的两个不同的网络中，所以如果两个网页都不能访问，说明您的本地internet链接有问题，请与您的Internet服务提供商联系。
B. Choose a problem:
Each team must choose one problem according to the following rules:
? MCM teams must choose either Problem A or Problem B; an MCM team may submit a solution to only one of the problems. (MCM teams should NOT choose Problem C.)
? ICM teams must choose Problem C. There is no choice for ICM teams. (ICM teams should NOT choose Problem A or Problem B.)
选题：
每个队必须按照下面的规定选择一到题目
MCM的参赛队必须选择赛题 A 或B；MCM的参赛队只要提交两个问题之一的解决方案就可以。MCM参赛队不得选择赛题C。
ICM的参赛队必须选择赛题C。ICM参赛队除了赛题C别无选择，不能选择赛题A或者B。
C. Teams prepare solutions: （参赛队准备解决方案）
1. Teams may use any inanimate source of data or materials: computers, software, references, web sites, books, etc. ALL SOURCES USED MUST BE CREDITED. Failure to credit a source will result in a team being disqualified from the competition.
（参赛队可以利用任何非生命提供的数据和资料——包括计算机，软件，参考书目，网站，书籍等，但是所有引用的资料必须注明出处，如有参赛队未注明引用的内容的出处，将被取消参赛资格。）
2. Team members may not seek help from or discuss the problem with their advisor or anyone else, except other members of the same team. Input in any form from anyone other than student team members is strictly forbidden. This includes email, telephone contact, and personal conversation, communication via web chat or other question-answer systems, or any other form of communication.（参赛队成员不允许向指导教师或者除了本团队成员以外的其他人寻求帮助或讨论问题。与除本团队成员以外的人的任何形式的接触都是严格禁止的。这包括通过E-mail联系、电话联系、私人交谈、通过网络聊天联络或是其他的任何问答系统，其他任何的交流方式。）
3. Partial solutions are acceptable. There is no passing or failing cut-off score, and numerical scores will not be assigned. The MCM/ICM contest judges are primarily interested in the team’s approach and methods.（部分解决方案是可接受的。大赛不存在通过或是不通过的分数分界点，也不会有一个数字形式的分数。MCM /ICM的评判主要是依据参赛队的解决方法和步骤。）
4. Summary Sheet: The summary is an essential part of your MCM/ICM paper. The judges place considerable weight on the summary, and winning papers are often distinguished from other papers based on the quality of the summary.
To write a good summary, imagine that a reader will choose whether to read the body of the paper based on your summary: Your concise presentation in the summary should inspire a reader to learn about the details of your work. Thus, a summary should clearly describe your approach to the problem and, most prominently, your most important conclusions. Summaries that are mere restatements of the contest problem, or are a cut-and-paste boilerplate from the Introduction are generally considered to be weak.
（摘要格式：摘要是 MCM 参赛论文的一个非常重要的部分。在评卷过程中，摘要占据了相当大的比重，以至于有的时候获奖论文之所以能在众多论文中脱颖而出是因为其高质量的摘要。好的摘要可以使读者通过摘要就能判断自己是否要通读论文的正文部分。如此一来，摘要就必须清楚的描述解决问题的方法，显著的表达论文中最重要的结论。摘要应该能够激发出读者阅读论文详细内容的兴趣。那些简单重复比赛题目和复制粘贴引言中的样板文件的摘要一般将被认为是没有竞争力的。）
Each Summary Sheet should include: （每个概要要包括）
Restatement and clarification of the problem: State in your own words what you are going to
do. (再次重述问题—用你自己的话重述你将要解决的问题。)
Explain assumptions and rationale/justification: Emphasize the assumptions that bear on the problem. Clearly list all variables used in your model. (对于基本原理以及证明的假设—着重陈述在解决问题中提出的假设，清晰的列出所有在模型中应用到的变量。)
Include your model design and justification for type model used or developed. (对于已经用过的或者应用到的模型的构建与证明。)
Describe model testing and sensitivity analysis, including error analysis, etc.(模型的测试与灵敏度分析，包括误差分析等。)
Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of your model or approach. (关于模型或求解方法的优缺点讨论)
5. The judges will evaluate the quality of your writing in the Solution Paper:
· Conciseness and organization are extremely important.
· Key statements should present major ideas and results.
· Present a clarification or restatement of the problem, as appropriate.
· Present a clear exposition of all variables, assumptions, and hypotheses.
· Present an analysis of the problem, including the motivation or justification for the model that is used.
· Include a design of the model.
· Discuss how the model could be tested, including error analysis and stability (conditioning, sensitivity, etc.).
· Discuss any apparent strengths or weaknesses in your model or approach.
评委评价论文的写作以下几个方面：
简明扼要、有组织是极为重要的。
主要的结论必须给出大体的构想及结果。
需适当的简化或重申问题。
需包括如何通过调整使得模型付诸于实际应用这个问题的分析。
需包括模型的设计方案。
讨论如何进行模型测试，包括误差分析与稳定性（适用条件，灵敏度等）。
讨论模型及求解方法的显著优缺点。
6. Papers must be typed and in English.(论文需按规范的格式用英文书写。)
7. The solution must consist entirely of written text, and possibly figures, charts, or other written material, on paper only. No non-paper support materials such as computer files or disks will be accepted. (整个解决方案必须包括文字主体部分、必要的图形、图表或其他类型的材料组成且只能以论文形式递交。不是论文形式的材料如计算机文件或盘片等将不被接受。)
8. The Solution Paper must display the team control number and the page number at the top of every page; for example, use the following page header on each page:
Team # 321 Page 6 of 13
(解决方案的每一页的顶部都需要有参赛队的控制编号以及页码。我们建议在每页上使用页眉，例如：Team #321 Page6 of 13)
9. The names of the students, advisor, or institution should NOT appear on any page of the print solution or electronic solution. The solution should not contain any identifying information other than the team control number.(参赛队的成员名单、指导教师名单以及学校名称均不能出现在解决方案的任何一页上。整个赛题解决方案不能包含有除了参赛队控
制编号以外的任何身份识别信息。)
10. Failure to adhere to any preparation rule is grounds for team disqualification.(任何不遵守以上规则的参赛队将被取消参赛资格。)
D. Print Summary Sheet and Control Sheet(打印摘要和控制页面)
After the contest begins at 8PM EST on Thursday February 10, 2011, and while the teams are preparing their solutions, the advisor should: (在美国东部时间2011年2月10日（星期四）晚上8点大赛开始以后：当参赛队在准备他们的赛题解决方案时，指导老师需完成这一步)
1. Login to the contest web site (go to https://www.wendangku.net/doc/b98988748.html,/undergraduate/contests/mcm. Click on Advisor Login, then enter your email address and password).
登陆大赛网站（访问https://www.wendangku.net/doc/b98988748.html,/undergraduate/contests/mcm. 然后点击Advisor Login 输入您的 E-mail 地址与密码）。
2. Enter the team member names and confirm that each name is spelled correctly. This determines how the names will appear on the contest certificates. COMAP will not make any changes or reprint certificates for any reason.
输入参赛成员的姓名，确认拼写正确。这些参赛成员的姓名与学校名称将与出现在证书上的信息一致。请注意：COMAP不接受任何原因导致的证书的更改与重新认证。
3. Specify the problem that your team has chosen to solve.
特别指明您的参赛队伍所选择的赛题。
4. Print one copy of the Control Sheet.
打印一张控制页面的拷贝。
5. Print one copy of the team Summary Sheet.
打印一张参赛队摘要页面。
III. BEFORE THE CONTEST ENDS:(竞赛结束之前)
A. Send electronic copy of Solution Paper by email: (通过电子邮件发送你的电子论文)
1. Each team is required to submit an electronic copy of its solution paper by email to solutions@https://www.wendangku.net/doc/b98988748.html,. Any team member or the advisor may submit this email.
(要求参赛队（由学生或者指导教师）通过Email提交一份解决方案的电子版拷贝，发到solutions@https://www.wendangku.net/doc/b98988748.html,。任何队员或者指导老师都可以发送)
a. Your email MUST be received at COMAP by the submission deadline of 8PM EST on February 14, 2011.
(Email邮件必须在美国东部时间2011年2月14日下午8点前发到COMAP。)
b. Failure by a team to submit a solution via email by 8PM EST on February 14, 2011 constitutes a violation of the contest rules and will result in that team’s disqualification.
(没能在美国东部时间2011年2月14日晚上8点前通过Email提交电子版论文的参赛队将被认定违反了比赛规则，结果是被取消比赛资格。)
c. No further modifications, enhancements, additions, or improvements may be made to the team’s solution paper after this email submission. Each team’s electronic submission will be cross-checked for consistency with their paper submission. Any changes to the paper version will constitute a violation of the contest rules and may result in disqualification.
(在电子版提交后不能再对论文进行修改、完善、追加、改进等工作，电子版论文将和纸质版论文进行交叉一致性检查，纸质论文的任何改动都将被认定违反了比赛规则，结果是被取消比赛资格。)
2. In the subject line of your email write: COMAP and your team’s control number. For
example:
Subject: COMAP 2222
在Email邮件的主题一栏要写上：COMAP和你的参赛队控制号。
主题栏示例：COMAP 2222
3. Use your team’s control number as the name of your file attachments.
使用你的参赛队控制号作为文件附件的文件名。
4. COMAP will accept only an Adobe PDF or Microsoft Word file of your solution. DO NOT include programs or software with your email as they will not be used in the judging process. Limit one solution per email. The names of the students, advisor, or institution should NOT appear on any page of the electronic solution.
COMAP仅接收Adobe PDF 和Microsoft Word格式的文件。Email中不需要包含程序和相关软件，因为它们在评审过程中不会起作用。**每封Email邮寄一篇论文。
5. See the rules for submitting two (2) paper copies and CD via mail below.
规则仍然要求提交2份论文纸质拷贝和CD光盘。
IV. WHEN THE CONTEST ENDS:比赛结束的时侯
A. Prepare Solution Packet:（准备论文邮包）
When the contest ends at 8PM EST on February 14, 2011: （在美国东部时间2011年2月14日（星期一）晚上8点大赛结束时）
1. Each team member must sign the Control Sheet to pledge that he or she abided by the contest rules and instructions.
所有的参赛选手需在控制页上签名，保证他们严格遵守了比赛的规则和说明。
2. Make two copies of your team’s Solution Paper.将参赛的的解决方案论文复印两份
3. Staple the Summary Sheet on top of each of the Solution Papers.
将摘要页装订在每份论文的第一页上沿。
4. Staple the Control Sheet on top of one of the Solution Papers.
再将控制页装订在刚刚装订好的每份论文的第一页上沿
5. Enclose an electronic copy (PDF or Word file) of your team’s Solution Paper on a CD-ROM. Programs and software will not be used in the judging process. DO NOT include them on the CD.
If you advise more than one team, please include both teams’ files on a single CD-ROM and label it with contest, year, and both teams’ control numbers.
Example:
Year Contest Control Numbers
2011 MCM/ICM 10004, 10005
现在要求在包裹中包含一个你们参赛队解决方案的电子版拷贝，请在包裹中放入一张CD 光盘，光盘中放入论文的PDF或WORD版，不用放入程序或软件，因为它们在评审中不会被用到。如果您的学校有多个队参加比赛，建议把所有队的论文放在一张CD光盘中，要标识比赛，年度和参赛队的控制号。
例如：Contest Year Control Numbers
2011 MCM/ICM 10004, 10005
B. Mail Solution Packet:
1. Mail your team’s complete Solution Packet to: 在准备好以上要求的邮包后，将它寄到MCM/ICM Coordinator
COMAP, Inc.
175 Middlesex Turnpike., Suite 3B
Bedford, MA 01730
USA
2. COMAP must receive your Solution Packet via mail on or before Friday February 25, 2011. It is your responsibility to make sure that your team’s Solution Packet arrives at COMAP by this deadline. Use registered or express mail, if necessary, to insure that it arrives at COMAP by Friday February 25, 2011.
COMAP需在2011年2月25日之前（或当天）收到参赛队邮包。每个参赛队必须确保其邮包在截止日期前寄到COMAP。为了确保您的邮包能在2010年2月2 5日（星期五）之前到达COMAP请采用挂号或特快邮寄。
3. COMAP will not accept late solutions under any circumstances.
COMAP不接受任何理由的迟到的邮包。
4. If you require confirmation that your paper was received by COMAP, send the packet via
a carrier that provides package tracking. Due to the number of papers received, COMAP can not answer receipt inquiries or emails.
如果您需要 COMAP 给出收到邮包的确认，请委托提供包裹签单的邮递员寄送。由于参赛论文数量众多，COMAP 对于没有特殊要求回复的邮包将不提供来函确认服务。
V. AFTER THE CONTEST IS OVER:在竞赛结束之后：
A. Confirm that your team’s solution was received:请确认您参赛队的赛题解决方案已被COMAP收到.
1. You may login to the contest web site using the Advisor Login link to verify that your team’s Solution Packet was received at COMAP. After mailing your Solution Packet, please allow several days for us to process your packet before expecting to see this confirmation.
在寄出赛题解决方案的几天以后，您可以登陆大赛的网站，点击 AdvisorLogin 链接来核实COMAP是否收到了您的赛题解决方案。在收到确认以前请您耐心等待几天。
B. Check contest results:核实结果
1. Judging: Judging will be completed in March and the results will be posted on April 29, 2011. The Solution Papers will be recognized as Unsuccessful, Successful Participant, Honorable Mention, Meritorious, Finalist, or Outstanding Winner.
评判工作将在3月结束，结果将在2011年4月29日公布，所有的参赛论文将被评定为Unsuccessful（不成功）Successful Participant(成功参赛奖), Honorable Mention(提名奖即二等奖), Meritorious(一等奖), 或 Outstanding Winner（特等奖）等几个等级。
2. We will post the contest results on the web site as soon as they are available, so visit the contest web site regularly to check for updates. It will take several weeks for the judges to evaluate the solutions and for COMAP to process the results. Please do NOT call or email COMAP regarding contest results.
一旦所有的结果被确定，我们会立刻在网页上公布，请定时登陆大赛的网站查询比赛结果。评委会花几个星期来评判所有的赛题解决方案及处理比赛结果，请不要来电或是来函到COMAP询问比赛结果。
C. Certificates:发证书
After the results are issued, each successfully participating team will receive a certificate of participation. The certificate will be mailed or emailed to the advisor at the address used
during the registration process. All international teams will receive ONLY an electronic (PDF) certificate. Please allow several weeks after the results are posted to the contest web site to receive your certificate.
结果公布后，所有的成功参赛队将会收到参赛的证书。所有的国际参赛队仅能收到一个电子版(PDF)的证书。证书将被邮寄或发电子邮件到指导教师在注册时所提供的地址。在网站公布成绩后请耐心等待证书。
D. Prizes:奖励
· The Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences (INFORMS) will designate an Outstanding team from each of the three problems as an INFORMS winner. · The Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (SIAM) will designate one Outstanding team from each problem as a SIAM winner.
· The Mathematical Association of America (MAA) will designate one Outstanding team from each problem for the MCM as a MAA winner.
· The Ben Fusaro Award, Typically, among the final MCM papers from which the Outstanding ones are selected is a paper that is especially creative but contains a flaw that prevents it from attaining the Outstanding designation. In accord with Ben’s wishes, the award will recognize such teams.
运筹学研究与管理学会 (INFORMS) 将从所有的参赛队（区分赛题）中选出一个特别优秀的参赛队作为INFORMS 的优胜队。
美国工业与应用数学协会 (SIAM) 将从每个赛题所有的参赛队中选出一个特别优秀的参赛队作为SIAM的优胜奖。
美国数学协会(MAA) 将从每个赛题所有的参赛队中为MCM选出一个特别优秀的参赛队作为MAA的优胜奖。
（新增奖项）The BenFusaro Award奖，是从为评选优秀奖论文的候选论文中选出来的，这些论文具有创造性，但是有些瑕疵使得它没有被评为优秀奖。为了达成Ben的愿望，这个奖用来奖励上面描述的队伍！
国际组织名称缩写
欧盟European Union -- EU 欧元(euro) 阿盟阿拉伯国家联盟League of Arab States -- LAS 非洲联盟（African Union -- AU，简称“非盟”） 东南亚国家联盟（简称东盟，Association of Southeast Asian Nations -- ASEAN 北大西洋公约组织（North Atlantic Treaty Organization -- NATO ），简称北约 1949年4月4日，美国、加拿大、英国、法国、比利时、荷兰、卢森堡、丹麦、挪威、冰岛、葡萄牙和意大利等12国在美国首都华盛顿签订了北大西洋公约，宣布成立北大西洋公约组织（North Atlantic Treaty Organization -- NATO ），简称北约。 大赦国际(Amnesty International -- AI) 英联邦(The Commonwealth) 不结盟运动（Non-Aligned Movement -- NAM） 巴黎俱乐部(Paris Club) 也称“十国集团” (Group-10) 南方中心（South Centre）是以促进南南合作为宗旨的国际著名政府间组织和智库，其前身是南方委员会。南方委员会为第三世界国家政界、外交界、经济界和学术界著名人士组成的国际性组织。1985年由委内瑞拉前总统佩雷斯建议，1986年5月在吉隆坡第二次南南会议决定建立，同年9月宣布正式成立，1994年9月正式改名为南方中心。总部设在日内瓦，现有包括中国在内的51个成员。 独联体是独立国家联合体(Commonwealth of Independent States -- CIS) 的简称 上海合作组织(Shanghai Cooperation Organization -- SCO) 阿拉伯各国议会联盟(Arab Inter-Parliamentary Union -- AIPU) 阿拉伯国家联盟(League of Arab States -- LAS，简称“阿盟”) 西欧联盟(Western European Union -- WEU) 1955年5月6日成立，前身为布鲁塞尔条约组织，拥有比利时、法国、德国、希腊、意大利、卢森堡、荷兰、葡萄牙、西班牙和英国10个正式成员国。2010年3月31日，西欧联盟宣布完成历史使命，正式解散，并决定到2011年6月底停止所有活动。 东南亚国家联盟（简称东盟，Association of Southeast Asian Nations -- ASEAN）的前身是由马来西亚、菲律宾和泰国3国于1961年7月31日在曼谷成立的东南亚联盟。1967年8月8日，印度尼西亚、泰国、新加坡、菲律宾4国外长和马来西亚副总理在曼谷举行会议，发表了《东南亚国家联盟成立宣言》，即《曼谷宣言》，正式宣告东盟成立。 非洲联盟（African Union -- AU，简称“非盟”） 拉丁美洲议会(Latin-American Parliament) 金砖四国”是指巴西（Brazil）、俄罗斯（Russia）、印度（India）和中国（China）四个重要国家。由这四个国家英文首字母组成的“BRIC”一词，其发音与英文的“砖块”非常相似，故这四国被称为“金砖四国”（BRICs）。 77国集团(Group of 77 -- G77) 是一个由发展中国家政府组成的国际组织。1964年3月，在日内瓦召开的第一届“联合国贸易和发展会议”期间，发达国家与发展中国家产生了尖锐分歧。亚非拉76个国家和南斯拉夫经过连日磋商，发表了《77个发展中国家联合宣言》，提出了关于国际经济关系、贸易与发展的一整套主张。77国集团由此成立。中国虽然不是77国集团的成员，但一贯支持其正义主张和合理要求。20世纪90年代以来，中国同77国集团的关系在原有基础上有了较大的进展，并形成了“77国集团+中国”的新型合作模式。目前，中国已全面参与77国集团的所有会议和活动。 核供应国集团(Nuclear Suppliers Group -- NSG) 欧洲委员会(Council of Europe -- COE) 海湾合作委员会（简称海合会，Gulf Cooperation Council -- GCC）全称海湾阿拉伯国家合
国际组织英文名称缩写
国际组织英文名称缩写 African Development Fund 非洲开发基金ADF African Groundnut Council 非洲花生理事会AGC African Liberation Committee 非洲解放委员会 African Postal Union 非洲邮政联盟AFPU African Postal and Telecommunication Union 非洲邮政电信联盟APU/A TU African Timber Organization 非洲木材组织A TO Agency for the Protection of Number weapons in Latin America 拉丁美洲禁止核武器组织OPANAL American International Chamber of Commerce 美国国际商会 Andean Pact Organization 安第斯条约组织（安第斯集团）Andean Group Andean Reserve Fund 安第斯储备基金会FAR Anzus Council 澳新美理事会 Arab African International Bank 阿拉伯-非洲国际银行 Arab Common Market 阿拉伯共同市场 Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development 阿拉伯经济和社会发展基金会AFESD Arab Inter-Parliamentary Union 阿拉伯议会联盟AIPU Arab-Latin American Bank 阿拉伯-拉丁美洲银行ARLABANK Arab Monetary Fund 阿拉伯货币基金组织AMF Arab Organization for Standardization and Metrology 阿拉伯标准化和计量组织ASMO Arab States Broadcasting Union 阿拉伯国家广播联盟ASBU Arab Summit Conference 阿拉伯国家首脑会议 ASEAN Regional Forum 东盟地区论坛ARF Asian-African Conference（Bandung Conference）亚非会议（万隆会议） Asian and Pacific Coconut Community 亚洲和太平洋椰子共同体APCC Asian Cleaning Union 亚洲清算联盟ACU Asian Development Bank 亚洲开发银行ADB Association of Iron Ore Exporting Countries 铁矿砂出口国协会APEF Association of Natural Rubber Producing Countries 天然橡胶生产国协会ANRPC Association of Southeast Asian Nations 东南国家联盟（东盟）ASEAN Asian Organization of Supreme Audit Institution 亚洲最高审计组织ASOSAI Bank of the Central African States 中非国家银行EBAC Benelux Economic Union 比荷卢经济联盟 Caribbean Community 加勒比共同体 Caribbean Multinational Shipping Company 加勒比多国海运公司 Cartagena Group 卡塔赫纳集团 Central African Monetary Union 中非货币同盟 Central American Bank of Economic Integration 中美洲经济一体化银行BCIE Central American Common Market 中美洲共同市场CACM Civil A viation Council of Arab States 阿拉伯国家民用航空理事会CACAS Commission of the Cartagena Agreement 卡塔赫纳协定委员会JUNAC Commonwealth 英联邦 Cocoa Producer’s Alliance 可可生产者联盟CPA Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa 东部和南部非洲共同市场COMESA 独立国家联合体CIS Conference of Non-Aligned Countries 不结盟国家会议 Conference on Confidence and Security-Building Measures and Disarmament in Europe (Conference on Disarmament
国际私法英文专业词汇对照表(可编辑修改word版)
索引词表 中文索引英文索引 A ADR 解决方法Alternative Dispute Resolution B 巴托鲁斯Bartolus 本地法说Local Law Theory 本国法lex partriae 比较损害方法comparative-impairment approach 并入或采纳adoption 跛脚婚姻limping marriage BOT 投资方式Build-Operate-Transfer 部分裁决partial award 布鲁歇Brocher 不歧视待遇non-discriminate treatment C 常设仲裁机构permanent arbitration agency 场所支配行为locus regit actum 承认与执行外国法院判决recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments 程序规范procedure rules 重叠适用的冲突规范double conflict rules 冲突法the conflict of laws 冲突规范conflict rules 船舶抵押权ship mortgage 船舶留置权possessors lien on vessel 船舶碰撞collision
船舶所有权ownership of ship 船舶优先权maritime lien 垂直的法律冲突vertical conflict of laws D 达让特莱D’Argentre 代理agency 戴赛Dicey 单边冲突规范unilateral conflict rules 单式运输分合同sub-contracts 单一反致single renvoi 单一破产制unitary bankruptcy 当事人合意选择的法律lex voluntatis 当事人意思自治autonomy of will 德帕涅Despagnet 地理标准geographic criterion 地域效力t erritoriality 定期租船合同time charter 定性qualification 东道国法律law of host country 动态连结点variable point of contact 杜摩兰Dumoulin 独任仲裁员sole arbitrator 对人诉讼管辖权in personam jurisdiction 对物诉讼管辖权in rem jurisdiction 多式运输经营人combined transport operator E 二级识别secondary characterization
世界各组织机构全称及缩写
世界各组织、机构全称及其缩写UN ( the United Nations) 联合国 FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations) (联合国)粮食及农业组织 UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) 联合国教科文组织 UNCF (United Nations Children's Fund, ——其前身是United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund) 联合国儿童基金会 UNIDO (United Nations Industrial Development Organization) 联合国工业发展组织 UNDP (United Nations Development Programme) 联合国开发计划署 UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme) 联合国环境署 UNCDF(United Nations Capital Development Fund) 联合国资本开发基金会 UNCTAD (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development) 联合国贸易与发展会议
WHO (World Health Organization) 世界卫生组织 WMO (World Meteorological Organization) 世界气象组织 WTO (World Trade Organization) 世界贸易组织 前身为GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) 关税及贸易组织 WIPO (World Intellectual Property Organization) 世界知识产权组织 WPC (World Peace Council) 世界和平理事会 ILO (International Labour Organization) 国际劳工组织 IMF (International Monetary Fund) 国际货币基金组织 IOC (International Olympic Committee) 国际奥林匹克委员会 UPU (Universal Postal Union) 万国邮政联盟
国际组织名称中英文对照及缩写教程文件
国际组织名称中英文对照及缩写
国际组织名称中英文对照及缩写 African Development Fund 非洲开发基金 ADF African Groundnut Council 非洲花生理事会 AGC African Liberation Committee 非洲解放委员会 African Postal Union 非洲邮政联盟 AFPU African Postal and Telecommunication Union 非洲邮政电信联盟 APU/ATU African Timber Organization 非洲木材组织 ATO Agency for the Protection of Number weapons in Latin America 拉丁美洲禁止核武器组织OPANAL American International Chamber of Commerce 美国国际商会 Andean Pact Organization 安第斯条约组织（安第斯集团） Andean Group Andean Reserve Fund 安第斯储备基金会 FAR Anzus Council 澳新美理事会 Arab African International Bank 阿拉伯-非洲国际银行 Arab Common Market 阿拉伯共同市场 Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development 阿拉伯经济和社会发展基金会 AFESD Arab Inter-Parliamentary Union 阿拉伯议会联盟 AIPU Arab-Latin American Bank 阿拉伯-拉丁美洲银行 ARLABANK Arab Monetary Fund 阿拉伯货币基金组织 AMF Arab Organization for Standardization and Metrology 阿拉伯标准化和计量组织 ASMO Arab States Broadcasting Union 阿拉伯国家广播联盟 ASBU Arab Summit Conference 阿拉伯国家首脑会议 ASEAN Regional Forum 东盟地区论坛 ARF Asian-African Conference（Bandung Conference）亚非会议（万隆会议）
游戏规则中英文对照
中文 游戏：击鼓传花 道具：皮球，手机 游戏规则：主持人控制音乐，当音乐响起，参加游戏的人将皮球一个一个往下传，音乐停止时皮球在谁手里，谁就必须参加真心话大冒险的游戏。选择真心话，可以从十道题中抽取一道进行回答。选择大冒险，也可以从十道题中抽取一道进行游戏。击鼓传花按照此规则一共进行十轮。 英文 The game ：a drinking-game Prop：ball cellphone The rule：Host control music, when the music sounded, the participants of the games will be the ball one by one down, when the music stopped the ball in the man's hand, who will have to go to the true great adventure game. Choose heart, can be extracted from the ten questions to answer. Choose a big adventure, but also can be extracted from the ten questions to a game. Musical according to this rule for 10 rounds in total. 中文 游戏：你来比划我来猜 游戏规则：大卫担任鸭梨队队长，安担任苹果队队长。大卫和安任意挑选三个人作为自己的队员。最后每对四人一组，两两对抗。各组内谁来比划谁来猜由队长决定，队长猜拳决定谁先选题，在三分钟内，题猜对的多的那一组就算赢。两轮下来，总积分高的那一组最终获胜。获得我们的终极大奖。 英文 The game： The rule：David as captain pears, apple's captain. David and Ann choose three people as a team. Finally for every four people a group, two two against. Between groups who like to guess is determined by the captain, captain mora who first choice decision, in three minutes, guess to much of the group even if win. Two rounds down, with a total score high group eventually win. Our ultimate awards. 中文 游戏：默契测试 游戏规则：大卫和安背对答题，一次回答出主持人提出的是个问题。如果答案一致就计一分，不一致就不计分。5分以内可获三等奖，5分到十分可获二等奖，满分可获一等奖还有额外惊喜。 英文 The game： The rule：David and Ann back to answer, an answer is a question put forward by the host. If the answer is consistent meter one points, not consistent is not graded. 5 points can be won third prize, five cents to very can won the second prize, "won the first prize and bonus.
一些重要国际组织名称缩写
一些重要国际组织名称缩写 Abbreviations for the Names of Important International Organizations 重要国际组织名称缩写 ADB = Asian Development Bank 亚 洲开发银行 APEC = Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation （group）亚洲和太平洋经济合作组织 ASEAN = Association of Southeast Asian Nations 东南亚国家联盟AU = African Union 非洲联盟 CARICOM = Caribean Community an d Common Market 加勒比共同体和共同市场 CD = conference on Disarmament 裁军谈判会议 CHR = Commission on Human Rights （联合国）人权委员会 CIS = Commonwealth of Independent States 独立国家联合体 The Commonwealth = Commonwealth of Nations 英联邦 EC = European Community 欧洲共 同体（已被EU取代） EFTA = European Free Trade Association 欧洲自由贸易协会 EP = European Parliament 欧洲议会 EU = European Union 欧盟
GATT = General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade （已被WTO^代） G-7 = Group of Seven （ 西方） 七国 集团 IAEA = International Atomic Energy Agency 国际原子能机构 IBRD = International Bank for Reconstruction and Development （ 国际复兴开发银行 ICJ = International Court of Justice （ 联合国 ） 国际法院 ; 海牙国际 法庭 IMF = International Monetary Fund （ 联合国 ） 国际货币基金组织 Interpol = International Criminal Police Organization 国际刑事 警察组织 IOC = International Olympic committee 国际奥委会 NATO = North Atlantic Treaty Organization 北大西洋公约组织 NAM = Non-Aligned Movement 不结 盟运动 OAS = Organization of American States 美洲国家组织 OAU = Organization of African Unity 非洲同一组织（已被 AU 取代） OECD = Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development 经 济合作和开发组织 OPEC = Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries 石油 输出国组织 关税和贸易协定 联合国 )
最新有趣的英语游戏
有趣的英语游戏(2009-07-25 15:51:47) 标签：杂谈 游戏名称：掷“Dice” 游戏目标：能说出各种颜色、能说出数字。 适合人数：不限 游戏材料：一个大小合适的正方体把其六面分别涂成红、黄、蓝、绿、紫、橙、绿六种颜色以及点数。 游戏语言：What color is it? It’s… What’s this number? It’s … Let’s count, 游戏基本过程： 1、老师手执dice向上扔出，当落地时,哪面颜色向上就请小朋友说出是那种颜色。 2、先说出者可被老师请上前来丢Dice，依次如此轮换。 游戏的变形： 1、以掷出的骰子数为前提来决定游戏的下一步。如掷出3点，可以用于说单词（各种不同的单词）三次，或说数字1、 2、3，或者向前走3步等等。 2、可以将点数换成各种图案，学习“How many......are there? There are……”三、 游戏名称：“touch your……” 游戏目标： 1、能听懂“touch your……”并做出相应的反应。 2、能说出人体的五官以及一些身体部位的名词。 3、培养幼儿的反应能力。 游戏人数：可集体进行，也可分组进行。 游戏语言：touch your eyes/nose/mouth and so on 游戏规则及说明：教师在游戏的过程中可以不断的变换指令的速度，要求幼儿也必须变换相应的速度。 游戏过程： 1、老师说：“touch your……”，幼儿听懂指令并触摸相应的部位。 2、请两名幼儿根据老师的指令“touch your……”触摸对方的相应部位，谁最快、最准谁获胜。 3、老师有意摸错自己的部位，让幼儿纠正。 游戏的变形： 1、在两名幼儿相互触摸的过程中，获胜方可任意挑选其挑战选手。 2、可以用于教授手指，告诉幼儿老师是木头人，幼儿必须出示与老师相同的手指并与老师的手指相碰老师才能动。也可以请幼儿来当木头人。 四、 游戏名称：“Be careful monster” 游戏目标： 1、复习所学过的单词。 2、体验与同伴一起游戏的快乐。
国际组织缩写
国际组织缩写 ACP Group of African, Caribbean and Pacific Region Countries 非洲、加勒比和太平洋国家集团 ADB Asian Development Bank 亚洲开发银行 ADB African Development Bank 非洲开发银行 APEC Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation 亚太经济合作组织 ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations 东南亚国家联盟公约 AU African Union 非洲联盟 B BFA Boao Forum for Asia 博鳌亚洲论坛 BIE Bureau of International Expositions 国际展览局 BIS Bank for International Settlements 国际清算银行 C CAC Codex Alimentarius Commission 食品法典委员会 CDB Caribbean Development Bank 加勒比开发银行 CFC Common Fund for Commodities 商品共同基金 CSD Commission on Sustainable Development 联合国可持续发展委员会 E EBRD European Bank for Reconstruction and Development 欧洲复兴发展银行 ECLAC UN Economic Commission for Latin America and Caribbean 联合国拉丁美洲和加勒比经济委员会 ECOSOC UN Economic and Social Council 联合国经济和社会理事会 ESCAP UN Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific 联合国亚洲及太平洋经济社会委员会 ESCWA UN Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia 联合国西亚经济社会委员会 EU European Union 欧洲联盟 G G 8 Summit Group of Eight Summit 八国集团首脑会议 G20 Group of Twenty 20国集团 G24 Group of Twenty Four 24国集团 I IADB Inter-American Development Bank 美洲开发银行/泛美开发银行 IATA International Air Transport Association 国际航空运输协会 IBRD International Bank for Reconstruction and Development 国际复兴开发银行/世界银行 ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization 国际民航组织 ICC The International Chamber of Commerce 国际商会 ICO International Coffee Organization 国际咖啡组织
世界国际组织英文缩写大全
ACP Group of African, Caribbean and Pacific Region Countries 非洲、加勒比和太平洋国家集团 ADB Asian Development Bank 亚洲开发银行 ADB African Development Bank 非洲开发银行 APEC Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation 亚太经济合作组织 ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations 东南亚国家联盟公约 AU African Union 非洲联盟 BFA Boao Forum for Asia 博鳌亚洲论坛 BIE Bureau of International Expositions 国际展览局 BIS Bank for International Settlements 国际清算银行 CAC Codex Alimentarius Commission 食品法典委员会 CDB Caribbean Development Bank 加勒比开发银行 CFC Common Fund for Commodities 商品共同基金 CSD Commission on Sustainable Development 联合国可持续发展委员会 EBRD European Bank for Reconstruction and Development 欧洲复兴发展银行 ECLAC UN Economic Commission for Latin America and Caribbean 联合国拉丁美洲和加勒比经济委员会 ECOSOC UN Economic and Social Council 联合国经济和社会理事会 ESCAP UN Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific 联合国亚洲及太平洋经济社会委员会 ESCWA UN Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia 联合国西亚经济社会委员会 EU European Union 欧洲联盟G G 8 Summit Group of Eight Summit 八国集团首脑会议 G20 Group of Twenty 20国集团 G24 Group of Twenty Four 24国集团 IADB Inter-American Development Bank 美洲开发银行/泛美开发银行 IATA International Air Transport Association 国际航空运输协会 IBRD International Bank for Reconstruction and Development 国际复兴开发银行/世界银行 ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization 国际民航组织 ICC The International Chamber of Commerce 国际商会 ICO International Coffee Organization 国际咖啡组织 ICSID International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes 国际投资争端解决中心 IDA International Development Association 国际开发协会 IDB Inter-American Development Bank 美洲开发银行 IDB Islamic Development Bank 伊斯兰开发银行 IEA International Energy Agency 国际能源机构
电脑游戏英文术语详解
电脑游戏英文术语详解 ACT （Action Game）：动作类游戏。这类游戏提供玩者一个训练手眼协调及反应力的环境及功能，通常要求玩者所控制的主角（人或物）根据周遭情况变化做出一定的动作，如移动、跳跃、攻击、躲避、防守等，来达到游戏所要求的目标。此类游戏讲究逼真的形体动作、火爆的打斗效果、良好的操作手感及复杂的攻击组合等等。 AI （Artificial Intelligence）：人工智能。就是指计算机模仿真实世界的行为方式与人类思维与游戏的方式的运算能力。那是一整套极为复杂的运算系统与运算规则。 Alpha： Alpha测试。就是指在游戏制作者控制的环境下进行的游戏测试工作，所以一般来说a测试是在公司内部进行的。 AVG （Adventure Game）：冒险类游戏。这类游戏在一固定的剧情或故事下，提供玩者一个可解谜的环境及场景，玩者必须随着故事的安排进行解谜。游戏的目的是借游戏主角在故事中所冒险积累的经验来解开制作者所设定的谜题或疑点。通常这类游戏常被用来设计成侦探类型的解谜游戏。 Beta：Beta测试。就是指不在制作者控制的环境下进行的游戏测试工作，所以一般来说Beta 测试则是交由选定的测试者单独来进行测试。 Boss：大头目，也称"老板"。在游戏中出现的较为巨大有力与难缠的敌方对手。一般这类敌人在整个游戏过程中只会出现一次，而常出现在关底，而不像小怪物在游戏中可以重复登场。Bug：程序漏洞，俗称"臭虫"。指那些因游戏设计者与测试者的疏漏而剩留在游戏中的程序错误，严重的话将影响整个作品的质量。 Cheat：游戏秘技。游戏设计者暗藏在作品中的特殊技巧，使用后可带给玩者特殊的能力与效果。最先是程序者为快速测试作品而设计的内部秘技，现在几乎已是每个游戏均有秘技。Clock Speed：游戏执行速度。即游戏在计算机中被运行的速度，常以Megahertz（MHz）计量。 Code：密码。1）同Cheat条；2）同Source Code条。 E3（Electronic Entertainment Expo）：美国E3大展。 当前世界上最为盛大的电脑游戏与电视游戏的商贸展示会，基本于每年五月举行。 Easter Egg：复活节彩蛋。程序中隐藏着的一段意外的内容，常为制作者设计的搞笑内容，经常是关于制作者自己的介绍与调侃。 Electronic Game：电子游戏。即电脑游戏、电视游戏以及街机和手掌型游戏机的总称。Engine：游戏引擎。即一套游戏的主程序。 Experience Point：经验点数。常出现在角色扮演游戏中，以数值计量人物的成长，经验点数达到一定数值后常常会升级，这时人物就会变得更强大。 FTG（Fighting Game）：格斗类游戏。从动作类游戏脱胎分化出来，就是指两个角色一对一决
海牙规则中英对照
International Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules of Law relating to Bills of Lading ("Hague Rules"), and Protocol of Signature (Brussels, 25 August 1924) 统一提单的若干法律规则的国际公约——海牙规则 Article 1 In this Convention the following words are employed with the meanings set out below: (a) "Carrier" includes the owner or the charterer who enters into a contract of carriage with a shipper. (b) "Contract of carriage" applies only to contracts of carriage covered by a bill of lading or any similar document of title, in so far as such document relates to the carriage of goods by sea, including any bill of lading or any similar document as aforesaid issued under or pursuant to a charter party from the moment at which such bill of lading or similar document of title regulates the relations between a carrier and a holder of the same. (c) "Goods" includes goods, wares, merchandise and articles of every kind whatsoever except live animals and cargo which by the contract of carriage in stated as being carried on deck and is so carried. (d) "Ship" means any vessel used for the carriage of goods by sea. (e) "Carriage of goods" covers the period from the time when the goods are loaded on to the time they are discharged from the ship. 第一条 本公约所用下列各词，涵义如下： (a) “承运人”包括与托运人订有运输合同的船舶所有人或租船人。 (b) “运输合同”仅适用于以提单或任何类似的物权凭证进行有关海上货物运输的合同；在租船合同下或根据租船合同所签发的提单或任何物权凭证，在它们成为制约承运人与凭证持有人之间的关系准则时，也包括在内。 (c) “货物”包括货物、制品、商品和任何种类的物品，但活牲畜以及在运输合同上载明装载于舱面上并且已经这样装运的货物除外。 (d) “船舶”是指用于海上货物运输的任何船舶。 (e) “货物运输”是指自货物装上船时起，至卸下船时止的一段期间。 Article 2 Subject to the provisions of Article 6, under every contract of carriage of goods by sea the carrier, in relation to the loading, handling, stowage, carriage, custody, care and discharge of such goods, shall be subject to the responsibilities and liabilities, and entitled to the rights and immunities hereinafter set forth. 第二条 除遵照第六条规定外，每个海上货物运输合同的承运人，对有关货物的装载、搬运、积载、运送、保管、
国际组织名称中英文对照及缩写
国际组织名称中英文对照及缩写 African Development Fund 非洲开发基金ADF African Groundnut Council 非洲花生理事会AGC African Liberation Committee 非洲解放委员会 African Postal Union 非洲邮政联盟AFPU African Postal and Telecommunication Union 非洲邮政电信联盟APU/ATU African Timber Organization 非洲木材组织ATO Agency for the Protection of Number weapons in Latin America 拉丁美洲禁止核武器组织OPANAL American International Chamber of Commerce 美国国际商会 Andean Pact Organization 安第斯条约组织（安第斯集团）Andean Group Andean Reserve Fund 安第斯储备基金会FAR Anzus Council 澳新美理事会 Arab African International Bank 阿拉伯-非洲国际银行 Arab Common Market 阿拉伯共同市场 Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development 阿拉伯经济和社会发展基金会AFESD Arab Inter-Parliamentary Union 阿拉伯议会联盟AIPU Arab-Latin American Bank 阿拉伯-拉丁美洲银行ARLABANK Arab Monetary Fund 阿拉伯货币基金组织AMF Arab Organization for Standardization and Metrology 阿拉伯标准化和计量组织ASMO Arab States Broadcasting Union 阿拉伯国家广播联盟ASBU Arab Summit Conference 阿拉伯国家首脑会议 ASEAN Regional Forum 东盟地区论坛ARF Asian-African Conference（Bandung Conference）亚非会议（万隆会议） Asian and Pacific Coconut Community 亚洲和太平洋椰子共同体APCC Asian Cleaning Union 亚洲清算联盟ACU Asian Development Bank 亚洲开发银行ADB Association of Iron Ore Exporting Countries 铁矿砂出口国协会APEF Association of Natural Rubber Producing Countries 天然橡胶生产国协会ANRPC Association of Southeast Asian Nations 东南国家联盟（东盟）ASEAN Asian Organization of Supreme Audit Institution 亚洲最高审计组织ASOSAI Bank of the Central African States 中非国家银行EBAC Benelux Economic Union 比荷卢经济联盟 Caribbean Community 加勒比共同体 Caribbean Multinational Shipping Company 加勒比多国海运公司 Cartagena Group 卡塔赫纳集团 Central African Monetary Union 中非货币同盟 Central American Bank of Economic Integration 中美洲经济一体化银行BCIE Central American Common Market 中美洲共同市场CACM Civil Aviation Council of Arab States 阿拉伯国家民用航空理事会CACAS Commission of the Cartagena Agreement 卡塔赫纳协定委员会JUNAC Commonwealth 英联邦 Cocoa Producer’s Alliance 可可生产者联盟CPA Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa 东部和南部非洲共同市场COMESA 独立国家联合体CIS Conference of Non-Aligned Countries 不结盟国家会议 Conference on Confidence and Security-Building Measures and Disarmament in Europe (Conference on Disarmament in Europe) 在欧洲建立信任与安全措施和裁军会议（欧洲裁军会议）