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江苏省淮安市洪泽县新区中学中考英语 考点剖析与典题精讲系列1 人教新目标版

江苏省淮安市洪泽县新区中学中考英语 考点剖析与典题精讲系列1 人教新目标版
江苏省淮安市洪泽县新区中学中考英语 考点剖析与典题精讲系列1 人教新目标版

江苏省淮安市洪泽县新区中学中考英语考点剖析与典题精讲系列1

人教新目标版

三点剖析

单词·巧记·典句·考点

【巧记提示】 no(不,没有)+thing(东西,事情)

【经典例句】 There is nothing in the room.

房间里什么也没有。

【考点聚焦】 1)nothing始终是单数,甚至后跟一个含复数名词的词组时也不例外。如:

Nothing except your fears stands (not stand) in your way.

除了你的恐惧之外没有什么(而不用 stand) 可以阻挡你。

Nothing but roses meets (not meet) the eye.

除了玫瑰以外没有什么(而不用 meet) 可以引起注意。

2)something 用于肯定句,anything用于否定句或疑问句。

【活学活用】 1.选择

There isn't in my pocket.

A.nothing

B.something

C.anything

D.nobody

答案:C

【经典例句】 We keep no secrets from you.

我们对你不保守任何秘密。

【考点聚焦】 secret指秘密的事物,而secrecy则更多地是指保密的性质、状态和能力。

如:let out a secret 泄露秘密;a secret talk 秘密谈话

There need be no secrecy.无需保密。

I can rely on his secrecy.我相信他不会泄露秘密。

【巧记提示】 joy(欢乐)→boy(男孩),欢乐的男孩。

【经典例句】 No joy without alloy/annoy.没有纯粹的快乐。

【考点聚焦】请注意fun,happiness,pleasure和joy的区别:

fun常指与娱乐活动有关的乐趣、嬉笑。如:

Swimming in the sea is great fun.在海里游泳很好玩。

happiness强调“幸福”,其抽象意义多了一些。如:

Money cannot buy happiness.钱买不来幸福。

joke多指口头上的玩笑。如:

They told jokes at the beginning of the show.他们在节目开始时讲了些笑话。

pleasure可以用来表示精神和肉体上的舒适、愉快。如:

He listened with pleasure to the beautiful music.他陶醉在美妙的音乐

中。

joy是用法最普通的,可以与其他词互用。

【活学活用】 2.翻译

She was full of joy when her child was born.

答案:她的孩子出生时,她非常高兴。

【经典例句】 There is a difficult problem.

这有个难题。

【考点聚焦】 1)注意problem可以被用来修饰其他名词,如:a problem child 问题孩子;a problem student 问题学生。

2)固定搭配:sleep on/upon/over a problem 把问题留到第二天解决

【巧记提示】 s+eat(吃)

【经典例句】 There are thirty seats in our classroom.

我们班有30个座位。

【考点聚焦】 1)以-eat结尾的词:meat n 肉;great adj.伟大的

2)短语:常见的短语:take a seat(=have a seat) 就座

【活学活用】 3.改写句子,句意不变

Please sit down.

Please a .

答案:take/have,seat

【巧记提示】 bit(一点)→fit(适合)

【经典例句】 His good mood fit in with the joyful occasion.

他良好的心情与欢愉的场面很契合。

【活学活用】 4.翻译

他很适合这个岗位。

答案:He will just fit the post.

【巧记提示】 square(广场)→spare(节省)

【经典例句】 The little girl drew a square on the paper.

小女孩在纸上画了一个正方形。

【考点聚焦】注意12 m2,读作:twelve square meters

【经典例句】 It was clever of you to solve the problem.

你能解答那个问题真是聪明。

【巧记提示】 hand(手)+-some(=same 像……的)

【经典例句】 He is a handsome man.他是个英俊的男士。

【考点聚焦】 1)handsome一般用来指男性的美,而指女性时,通常是用beautiful。

2)handsome如果被用来形容女性,多是指仪态端庄,温文尔雅。如:

She is very beautiful,but not so extraordinarily handsome.

她是非常漂亮的,但不属于那种超乎寻常的端庄。

3)handso me有“慷慨的,大方的”意思,跟本单元学习的generous一词意

义相近。如:

That is a quite ha ndsome birthday present.那是一份相当大方的生日礼物。

【巧记提示】 test(测试)→rest(休息)

【经典例句】 I was being tested for a driving licence for the third time.

为了取得驾驶执照,我正在接受第三次考试。

【考点聚焦】注意test与examine的区别:test的含义是以某种手段来试一试某人或某物是否达到了一定的标准;而examine的含义是通过观察、调查或测试来确

定某人或某物的资格或者性能。请比较下列句子:

He has stood the test of war.

他经受住了战争的考验。

The doctor examined her carefully.

医生仔细地检查了她的身体。

The teacher will examine the students in English.

老师要考学生的英语了。

【巧记提示】 advice(n.建议)→advise(v.建议)

【经典例句】 You should take the doctor's advice.你应该接受医生的建议。

【考点聚焦】 1)advice是不可数名词,其动词形式是advise。

2)含有advice的短语有:give advice to sb.给某人提建议;give sb.advice

给某人提建议;take one's advice接受建议;ask for advice征求建议。

3)同义词:suggestion

4)advice和suggestion均可表示“建议”,请注意二者用法的不同:

advice是不可数名词,没有复数形式。表示“一条建议”,要用a piece of

advice;

suggestion是可数名词。

【活学活用】 5.请将下面的句子翻译成英文

1)老师经常给我提建议。

2)你最好接受我的建议。

答案:1)The teacher often gives me advice.

2)You'd better take my advice.

【巧记提示】 w+ear(耳朵)

【经典例句】 He always wears a smile.他总是面带笑容。

【考点聚焦】 1)wear这个单词还有其他的用法,表示“穿、戴”等,此时wear是及物动词;表示“磨损、损耗”,此时wear是不及物动词。

2) put on 表示“穿”的动作,而wear表示“穿着”的状态。

【活学活用】 6.选择

It's very cold outside.You should your coat.

A.put on

B.putting on

C.wear

D.wearing

答案:A

短语·巧记·典句·考点

knock over sth.撞翻某物

【经典例句】 The clumsy waiter knocked over my cup of coffee.

笨手笨脚的服务员撞翻了我手中的咖啡。

上 k nock at/on

【活学活用】 7.用上面所提到的词组的正确形式填空

1)Someone is the door.

2)He seemed to be all thumbs today for he has three vases.

3)The boxer was at the third round.

4)It's after five,let's .

5)The woman a man when she went home on a rainy night. 答案:1)knocking at 2)knocked over 3)knocked out 4)knock off 5)knocked into agree with sb.同意某人

【经典例句】 Do you agree with me about the need for more schools?

关于多建一些学校一事,你同意我的意见吗?

【考点聚焦】固定搭配:agree like cats and dogs 水火不相容(像狗和猫一样无法和平共处)

agree like two peas in a pod 就像一个豆荚中的两颗豆粒(关系融洽)

1)We agreed leave at once.

2)Are we all agreed the best course of action?

3)She agreed my idea.

4)Spicy food does not agree me.

答案:1)to 2)on 3)to/oupn 4)with

句子·剖析·拓展

He can walk fast but when he walks past the desks,he often knocks over our books and pens.

他走得很快,但是当他走过桌子时,他总是把我们的书和钢笔撞得满地都是。

【剖析】这是一个由but连接的并列句,后一个分句中又含有一个由when引导的时间状语从句。

【拓展】 It never rains but it pours.(谚语)不雨则已,一雨倾盆。这句谚语同样是一个由but连接的并列句。

I never feel bored or unhappy when he is with me.

在他跟我在一起的时候,我从来不会感到无聊或不开心。

【剖析】这个句子是一个包含时间状语从句的复合句。主句是I never feel bored or unhappy.“我从来不会感到无聊或不开心。”后边的从句when he is with

me“当他跟我在一起时”是从时间上限定前边的主句。所以这句话的总体意思就

是:“在他跟我在一起的时候,我从来不会感到无聊或不开心。”

【拓展】主句中的bored和unhappy都是连系动词feel的表语,是并列的关系,但由于never表示否定意义,所以用or而不是and来连接它们。接表语形容词的动词还

有taste,smell,sound,look,seem,参看第二单元对tasty一词的讲解部分。

语法·剖析

形容词的原级、比较级和最高级

大多数形容词和副词有三个等级,即原级、比较级和最高级,用来表示事物的等级差别。原级即形容词的原形,比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。

1)原级的结构:as+形容词或副词原级+as

Is this problem as difficult as that one?这道题和那道题一样难吗?

William is as poor as John.威廉跟约翰一样穷。

He has as much money as he wants.他想要多少钱就有多少钱。

注意:在否定句或疑问句中可用so...as。

He cannot run so/as fast as you.他没有你跑得快。

2)比较级的结构:比较级形容词或副词+than

You are taller than I.你比我高。

China is larger than any other countries in Asia.中国比亚洲其他国家都要大。

It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.制订计划比实施计划容易。

He is more humorous than his brother.他比他的哥哥更幽默。

3)最高级的结构:the+最高级+比较范围

Mike is the most intelligent in his class.迈克是班上最聪明的学生。

He has the prettiest house in this village.他拥有村上最漂亮的住宅。

Silence is like sleep which refreshes wisdom.缄默像睡眠;它使智慧焕然一新。形容词、副词变比较级、最高级规律如下:

典题精讲

经典题型

例1(2010浙江中考)—Dick,is Nick your twin brother?

—Yes,and I'm thirty minutes than him.

A.fatter

B.taller

C.heavier

D.older

思路解析:从答语中的thirty minutes可以判断Dick先于Nick 30分钟出生,也就是说Dick比Nick大。A、B、C三个选项都不能与时间搭配。所以选择D。

例2(2010江苏南通中考模拟)—What's behind door?I can't open it. —Let me have a look.Oh,there's a chair.

A.a

B.an

C.the

D./

思路解析:本题主要考查定冠词the的用法。the通常表特指某人或某物。由所给情景可知对话中的两个人都知道是哪个门,因此用the表特指。

例3(2010山东济南中考模拟)Animals like tigers and bears are very dangerous.(改为一般疑问句)

animals tigers and bears very dangerous?

思路解析:首先判断出原句为主系表结构,因此把这样的句子变为一般疑问句,只要把be 提前即可。答案:Are,like

绿色通道:句中的like为介词,意为“像……”。这类题首先要判断句子里有没有be动词。如果有,一般把be动词提到句首即可。

例4 A new car is much than a secondhand one in the same brand(品牌) and model

(型号).

A.cheap

B.cheaper

C.expensive

D.more expensive

思路解析:此题考查形容词比较级的用法。首先读懂题意,不可粗心,“新车比相同品牌和型号的二手车要更贵些。”所以只有C、D两项可以选择。C项不是比较级的形式;B项虽然是比较级形式,但语意相反。所以选择D。

黑色陷阱:本题有两处陷阱:一是误选B项,单从语法上讲,much cheaper没有任何语法错误,但从语意上讲,却不符合情理。二是要注意,当形容词的音节为两个或者两个以上时,要用more+形容词的形式,不可以用原形或者在形容词词尾加上-er。

解此类题应注意英语中一些常用的修饰比较级和最高级的形容词,比如:a bit,a

little,rather,

much,far,by far,many,a lot,lots of,a great deal,any,still,even等。

例5 Shanghai is the largest cities in the world.

A.between

B.among

C.of

D.in

思路解析:此题同样考查形容词比较级和最高级的用法及其相关内容,但同时也考查了介词among的用法。如:She is among the wealthy.她是个有钱人。我们也可以说:She is among the wealthiest.她是最有钱的人之一。此题答案是B。

绿色通道:注意最高级的比较范围,请比较下列句子:

Richard is the best student.理查德是最好的学生。

Richard is among(or one of)the best students.理查德是最好的学生之一。 Richard and Mary are among the best students.理查德和玛丽属于最好的学生。(among 这个词可用在复数主语后面,one of却不能。)

Richard is better than most students.理查德比大多数学生都要优秀。

Very few students are so goo d as Richard.很少有学生像理查德一样优秀。

例6 I think football is basketball in China.

A.more popular

B.so popular as

C.as popular as

D.less

popular

思路解析:此题是考查形容词原级的表达方式,并没有太大的难度。参看课本第11页的练习。其次,在课本第2页,阅读文章中有:She is as slim as I am.也是原级比较的典型句子。此题答案是C。

绿色通道:B项是用在否定式和疑问句中的,参看语法讲解。A和D两个选项如果后边加上than一词就可以讲得过去,在语法上也没有错误。许多带as...as的说法已成为成语: The night was as black as jet.夜漆黑。

He is as bold as a lion.他很勇敢。

Proverbs are as good as gold.箴言珍贵。

John is as deaf as a post.约翰全聋了。

He is as poor as a church mouse.他一贫如洗。

She is as proud as a peacock.她很骄傲。

例7 This second hand camera is much than that new one.

A.cheap

B.cheaper

C.dear

思路解析:由than可以知道要用比较级。四个选项只有B是比较形式。此题答案是B。 例8 The students are all busy the exams.

A.getting ready for

B.getting ready to

C.to get ready for

D.to get ready to

思路解析:此题考查学生对形容词busy和ready的固定搭配的掌握。表示忙于做某事时,其固定的表达方式为be busy with sth.或者be busy dong sth.,而绝不可能是接由to 引导的不定式,所以C、D两个选项是错误的。ready表示准备好做某事,也有两种表达方法:be/get ready to do sth./for sth.,不同之处在于for后边要用名词,而不定式后边要接动词原形。此题答案是A。

例9 It's in summer.It's best to cool clothes.

A.warm;put on

B.hot;put on

C.hot;wear

D.warm;take

off

思路解析:此题题意为“在夏天是炎热的,最好穿凉爽的衣服”。夏天是炎热的而不是温暖的,所以第一个空应填hot;wear是强调穿的状态,所以第二个空应用wear。因此应选C。

绿色通道:解这类题,应注意春、夏、秋、冬的天气,春天是温暖的(warm),夏天是炎热的(hot),秋天是凉爽的(cool),冬天是寒冷的(cold)。同时还应注意区别像put on,wear 这样的同义词或短语。

例10 Let's have to eat.

A.nice something

B.nice anything

C.nothing nice

D.someth ing nice

思路解析:此题题意是:“让我们吃点好吃的东西”。其中的something,anything,nothing 是不定代词。形容词修饰不定代词要放在不定代词后,因此排除A、B项;C项不符合人们的语言习惯,故答案是D。

绿色通道:做该题时,首先要确定不定代词放于形容词前,其次根据句子种类选择相应的不定代词,一般肯定句用something,疑问句和否定句用anything,而nothing本身就是表示否定,不能和not连用。

原创题

判断下面短文中黑体部分中文的意思,将其填写在横线上。

One winter morning,an employee(雇员) explained why he had shown up for work 45 minutes late.“It was so slippery(滑溜的) out that for every step I took ahead,I slipped back two.”

The boss eyed him suspiciously(怀疑地).“Oh,yeah?Then how did you ever get here.”

“I finally gave up,”he said,“and started for home.”

1.show up

2.take ahead

3.slip back

4.eye

5.give up

参考答案:1.露面,到达 2.向前走 3.向后滑 4.打量 5.放弃

思路解析:一个雇员迟到45分钟,由late这个词可以推测出shown up是“到达”的意思。由前边slippery一词的构词法可以很容易地猜出slipped back是“向后滑”的意思。理解了文章的整体意思,也就自然可以知道take ahead是“向前走”。eye在这里是“打量”的意思,我们同样通过eye的原义得知。give up是一个固定的短语,作“放弃”讲。

绿色通道:这篇文章的关键在于通过上下文语意和构词法知识去推测词汇和短语的意义。

巧学法园地

江苏省淮安市盱眙县2020—2021 学年度第一学期第一次质量调研 七年级语文试卷

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淮安市中考英语试卷及答 案 Last revision date: 13 December 2020.

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江苏省淮安市中考英语真题试题(含答案)

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