自考英语词汇学名词解释

Morpheme --- A morpheme is the minimal significant element in the



Bound root --- A bound root is that part of the word that carries the
has to combine with other morphemes to make words. Take -dict- for


is the regular plural suffix -s(-es) which is added to nouns such as



Suffixes --- suffixes are affixes that come after the word, for instance,






be segmented into parts are called transparent words:

Morphs--Morphemes are abstract units, which are realized in speech by

Allomorps--Some morphemes are realized by more than one morph
For instance, the morpheme of plurality {-s} has a number of




（Compositon）--Compounding is a process of word-formation
which two independent words are put together to make one word. E.g.




Abbreviation includes four types : I. Clipped words II. Initialisms III.


Initialisms--are words formed from the initial letters of words and


Blends--are words that are combined by parts of other words. E.g.



structure of a word has developed from primary meaning to the present polysemic

we are interested in the comparative value of individual meanings and the



: is a semantic process in which the meaning of a word moves gradually away

『a.同一的，完全相同的』 only in

Perfect Homonyms--are words identical both in sound and spelling,but
。




Synonyms--can be defined as words different in sound and spelling but

Absolute(Complete, Perfect)Synonyms--are words which are identical in
conceptual and associative meanings. For instance, composition /

Relative (near,partial) synonyms--are similar or nearly the same in
stagger/reel/totter for example. Stagger implies unsteady movement
the verge of falling. E.g. The drunken man reeled down the hall; Totter




『a. 比喻的，象征的』 and euphemistic 『a.委婉的』use of words:




『n.涵义，含蓄』: differ in the stylistic and emotive










has now become generalized. "Picture", for example, originally
even


『n.改善，改良』--refers to the process by which


Metaphor『n.隐喻』--is a figure of speech containing an implied
the teeth of a comb; blood bank; He has a heart of stone; The

『n.借代』--is the device in which we name something by
of its attributes, as in crown for king, the White House for the

『n.提喻法』--means using a part for a whole, an individual for a

『n.类似，相似』--is a process whereby words are created in imitation

Idiom--Strictly speaking, idioms are expressions that are not readily
sense, idioms may include colloquialisms, catchphrases, slang












Onomatopoeic Motivation--These words were created by imitating the

Morphological Motivation--Compounds and derived words are
words and the meaning of many are the sum total of the