届英语高考第一轮复习语法专题：虚拟语气

第十周虚拟语气

一、if条件从句中的虚拟语气

①Sorry, I am too busy now. If I had time, I would certainly go for an outing with you.(2012·湖南高考)

对不起，我太忙了。要是有时间，我一定与你一起去郊游。

②We would have called a taxi yesterday if Harold hadn't offered us a ride home.(2012·天津高考)

如果昨天哈罗德没送我们回家，我们会打出租车回家的。

③Grace doesn't want to move to New York because she thinks if she were to live there, she wouldn't be able to see her parents very often.(2012·安徽高考)

格雷丝不想搬到纽约，因为她认为，如果她住到那里去，她就不能经常看到父母了。

[规律总结]if条件句中虚拟语气的用法

二、错综时间条件句的虚拟语气

I actually believe that we would be in Xi'an now if you hadn't been caught drunk driving last month.(2014·北京海淀模拟)

事实上，我认为如果上个月你没因酒驾被逮住的话，我们现在就在西安呢。

If you hadn't left home without a word, your parents wouldn't be so worried now.(2014·杭州一检)

要是你说句话离开家，你父母现在就不会那么担心了。

[规律总结]

当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为“错综时间条件句”，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间做出相应的调整。

三、省略if的倒装句

①If I were at school again, I would study harder.

→Were I at school again, I would study harder.

如果我还有上学的机会，我会更加努力地学习。

②Had they known what was coming next, they might have had second thoughts.(2012·浙江高考)

要是他们知道下一步发生什么，他们会三思的。

③If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.

→Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.

如果明天下雨的话，我们就不去登山了。

[规律总结]

在虚拟条件状语从句中可省略if，把were, had, should提到句首，变为倒装句式。

四、含蓄条件句的虚拟语气

①I'm really ve ry busy, otherwise I would go shopping with you.(2014·湖南长郡中学等十二校二次联考)

我真的很忙，否则我就和你一起去购物了。

②I would have come sooner but I didn't know that they were waiting for me.(2011·天津高考)

我本该早一些到，但我不知道他们在等我。

[规律总结]

有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示，而是由otherwise, but, or, without, but for等来引导或者通过上下文引出。

五、(should＋) do ...结构的虚拟语气

①Teachers recommend parents not allow their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.(2010·福建高考)

老师们建议父母，为了安全不要让他们12岁以下的孩子骑车上学。

②It is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off till next week.

人们建议会议推迟到下周。

③My idea is that we (should) think it over before accepting it.

我的意见是在接受之前我们要反复考虑。

④We all agreed to his suggestion that we (should) go to Dalian for sightseeing.

我们都同意他让我们去大连旅游的建议。

[规律总结]

1．用于表示建议、愿望、命令等动词后的宾语从句中，常见的动词有：demand, order, require, insist, suggest, propose, advise, request, urge, command, prefer, desire, recommend等。宾语从句中的虚拟语气结构为“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。

2．用于主语从句中

在It is desired/suggested/proposed/recommended/necessary/important/strange/natural/a pity/essential＋that从句中，从句的谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。

3．用于表语从句和同位语从句中

在suggestion, proposal, order, plan, idea, request, advice等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，其构成是“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。

六、wish宾语从句中的虚拟语气

①I wish (that) I were a bird and could fly freely in the sky.

我希望我是一只小鸟能在天空自由飞翔。

②I wish that I hadn't agreed to go to Jim's party, for I have to do some extra work tonight.(2014·北京东城一模)

我要是当时没有答应参加吉姆的聚会就好了，因为今晚我必须做一些额外的工作。

③How I wish I could fly to the moon one day.

我多么希望我有一天能飞向月球。

[规律总结]wish后跟宾语从句时用虚拟语气

1．对现在情况的虚拟：wish＋主语＋动词过去式(be用were)

2．对过去情况的虚拟：wish＋主语＋had＋过去分词

3．对将来情况的虚拟：wish＋主语＋would/could/might＋动词原形

七、其他句型中的虚拟语气

①George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I'd rather he focused more on its culture.

(2010·江苏高考)

乔治将要谈论关于他的国家的地理情况，但是我宁愿他更多地谈它的文化(方面的情况)。

②It's high time that we devoted ourselves to environmental protection and ecological improvement.

(2014·浙江六校联考)

是我们致力于环境保护和生态改善的时候了。

③He stood up and offered her his seat, as if he had read her mind.

他站起来给她让座，他好像读懂了她的心思。

④Look at the trouble we're in. If only we had taken our teacher's advice!

看看我们所处的困境，要是我们接受老师的建议就好了！

[规律总结]

1．would rather后的宾语从句中，表示愿望，意为“宁愿；但愿”。用一般过去时表示与现在或将来事实相反；用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反。

2．在“It is (about/high)time＋that从句”中，谓语动词常用过去式或“should＋动词原形”表示虚拟语气。

3．as if, as though引导的表语从句和方式状语从句中常用虚拟语气，与现在事实相反用一般过去时；与过去事实相反用过去完成时。

4．if only引导的感叹句中，用虚拟语气表示愿望。

考点一if条件句中的虚拟语气

1．(2013·北京高考)If we ________ a table earlier, we wouldn't be standing here in a queue.

A．have booked B．booked

C．book D．had booked

解析：选D 句意：如果我们早点儿预订了餐桌，(现在)就不必在这儿站着排队等候了。本句是混合虚拟语气，从句是对过去情况的假设，主句是对现在情况的虚拟，故从句用过去完成时。

2．(2013·天津高考)If he had spent more time practising speaking English before, he ________ able to speak it much better now.

A．will be B．would be

C．has been D．would have been

解析：选B 句意：如果他以前花费更多的时间练习英语口语的话，他现在就能说得更好。此题考查混合条件句中的虚拟语气，根据语境和时间状语可知，从句是对过去情况的虚拟，主句是对现在情况的虚拟，故选B。

3．(2013·江苏高考)I should not have laughed if I ________ you were serious.

A．thought B．would think

C．had thought D．have thought

解析：选C 根据题干中的“should not have laughed”可知，此处是对过去的事情的虚拟，因此if 从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时。

考点二含蓄条件句的虚拟语气

4．(2013·安徽高考)I ________ to my cousin's birthday party last night, but I was not available.

A．went B．had gone

C．would go D．would have gone

解析：选D 句意：昨晚我本应该去参加我堂妹的生日聚会的，但是我没有空。but I was not available 表示的是过去的真实情况，为含蓄条件句，相当于if I had been available (如果我有空的话)。此处为与过去情况相反的虚拟语气，主句应使用“would/might/could/should＋have done”结构。

5．(2011·陕西高考)I ______through that bitter period without your generous help.

A．couldn't have gone B．didn't go

C．wouldn't go D．hadn't gone

解析：选A 句意：假如当时没有您慷慨相助，我就不会度过那段艰难的时期。英语中， without, with, or, otherwise 等可构成含蓄虚拟语气，相当于条件状语从句“If it hadn't been your generous help”，表示与过去事实相反，此时句中的谓语动词应用should/could/would ＋have＋过去分词。

考点三名词性从句中的虚拟语气

6．(2013·陕西高考)My mom suggests that we ________ eat out for a change this weekend.

A．should B．might

C．could D．would

解析：选A 句意：我的母亲建议我们这个周末出去吃饭，换换口味。suggest表示“建议”时，其后宾语从句要用虚拟语气，谓语形式为“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。故答案为A。

考点四其他句型中的虚拟语气

7．(2012·北京高考)Don't handle the vase as if it ________ made of steel.

A．is B．were

C．has been D．had been

解析：选B 句意：不要把花瓶像它似乎是钢制的一样来拿。as if表示“似乎，好像”，引导的从句通常用虚拟语气，再结合主句的时态可知是对现在事实的虚拟，所以用一般过去时were。

8．(2012·辽宁高考)Jack is a great talker. It's high time that he ________ something instead of just talking.

A．will do B．has done

C．do D．did

解析：选D 在句型“It's high time that ...”中，从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时或should do，所以选D。

Ⅰ.单项填空

1．(2014·南师附中检测)I'm fed up with this wet weather. It's high time we ________ a picnic for some sunshine.

A．have B．will have

C．had had D．had

解析：选D 在It's high time that ...结构中，从句中为虚拟语气，谓语动词用一般过去式或“should ＋动词原形”，其中should不可省略，故选D。

2．(2014·石家庄一检)—I have to go home to finish my work.

—That's too bad. I wish you ________go with me to see a film tonight.

A．will B．can

C．could D．should

解析：选C wish 表示不太可能实现的愿望，wish ＋从句，从句中用虚拟语气。且此处表示对将来的虚拟，故选C。

3．(2014·南充一检)________him not to do so, he wouldn't have made such a serious mistake.

A．if I persuaded B．Did I persuade

C．Had I persuaded D．If I should persuade

解析：选C 根据“wouldn't have made”可知，此处表示与过去事实相反的假设，因此从句用if 引导且用过去完成时；省略if并将had提前就构成了省略if的虚拟条件句，且构成了倒装结构。

4．I can't thank my parents ________much because without their help I________have achieved my dream.

A．very; couldn't B．so; shouldn't

C．too; wouldn't D．that; needn't

解析：选C 句意：我怎么感谢我的父母都不过分，因为没有他们的帮助，我不会实现我的梦想。第一空，“can't ... too ...”表示“无论怎样……都不过分，越……越好”；第二空，由“without their help”可以判断出这里表示对过去情况的虚拟，用“wouldn't/couldn't/ mightn't＋have done”。故C项正确。

5．(2014·无锡第一中学月考)It's everybody's desire that every effort ________to reduce the pollution in our city.

A．was made B．be made

C．will be made D．would be made

解析：选 B desire 后的宾语从句及所在句式中的名词性从句中，均应使用虚拟语气，虚拟形式为“should ＋动词原形”，其中should 可省略，故选B项。

6．(2014·绵阳一诊)If he had listened to his doctor's advice, he ________out of hospital now.

A．would have been B．would be

C．is D．will be

解析：选B 句意：假如他听了医生的建议，他现在就出院了。条件句表示与过去事实相反，用过去完成时，主句表示与现在事实相反，故谓语动词用“would/should/could/might ＋动词原形”。故选B。

7．(2014·厦门毕业班考试)When my father is upset, he would rather________.

A．leave alone B．we left him alone

C．left alone D．we leave him alone

解析：选B 句意：当我的父亲烦恼的时候，他更喜欢我们不打扰他。would rather 后接宾语从句时，从句谓语常用一般过去时表示对现在或将来的虚拟。故B项正确。

8．(2014·南京一模)We were stuck at the airport because of the heavy fog, otherwise we ________here in time for the conference.

A．arrived B．had arrived

C．would arrive D．would have arrived

解析：选D 句意：我们因为大雾被困在机场，否则就能及时赶上这儿的会议了。otherwise“否则”，后接与过去事实相反的含蓄虚拟语气，故用would/could/might have done结构，即D项正确。

9．(2014·江苏泗阳中学模拟)________it rain tomorrow, we would have to cancel the football match .

A．Were B．Would

C．Will D．Should

解析：选D 根据句意可知，条件句是对将来状况的虚拟，所以要用should或were to do 结构。同时，当条件句中有助动词had, were ，should时，可以将if省略，把这些助动词放在句首，构成倒装结构。故选D。

10．(2014·合肥一中月考)Antarctica is so mystically described by some people. If only I ________there!

A．had been B．have been

C．have gone D．had gone

解析：选A 句意：一些人把南极描述得很神奇。如果我去过那里就好了！if only 后面的句子应使用虚拟语气，表示对过去的虚拟应使用过去完成时，故选A项。

Ⅱ.用所给动词的适当形式填空

1．(2014·大连一模)I wish that I hadn't_told (not tell) him the truth, for everyone in my class knows it.

2．(2014·南昌模拟)—How dangerous it was!

—Yes, but for the passer-by's quick action, the gir l

could/would/should/might_have_been_drowned.(drown)

3．(2014·泰兴中学模考)He insisted that I (should)_come (come) to his office at one o'clock.

4．(2014·南昌模拟)As many as 150 miners died in the accident. If only the mine owners had_paid (pay) enough attention to the safety measures!

5．(2014·临沂一模)I would rather he had_given (give) a hand to lift the heavy box upstairs. However, to my disappointment, he didn't.

高中英语语法虚拟语气教学设计

高中英语语法虚拟语气 教学设计 集团档案编码：[YTTR-YTPT28-YTNTL98-UYTYNN08]

高中英语语法虚拟语气教学：The subjunctive mood 厦门第十中学吕瑞珠 一、概述 本节课是高中英语语法教学课，授课内容为虚拟语气，授课对象是高三年学生。从呈现、加深记忆、巩固到实践并将语言项目运用于写作中并做适当的点评，大概需要两课时。但我这里着重阐述的是第一课时的教学内容、教学策略等。 通过本节语法教学课的学习，学生重新整合自己的有关虚拟语气的知识，复习已知的虚拟语气的表达形式如：I wish I could fly freely in the sky like a bird; It is high that you got up.等等，并学习新的表达形式如：The English teacher suggested that we should read the English newspaper every day; I would have passed the English exam if I had worker harder in the past 20 days.最为重要的是，学生在学习完虚拟语气的表达形式后，要在写作中运用。 虚拟语气在高中英语语法的难点之一，多数学生感到费解，因此也更需要老师的指导与相应的实践与运用，并且较好地掌握虚拟语气的表达形式，有助于扫除学生阅读过程中对个别句子的理解。 二、教学目标分析 1．知识与技能 1）复习学生已掌握的虚拟语气表达的句型： I wish I were… / I could … It is high time that you did your homework.. If I were you, I would… 2) 学习虚拟语气新的表达方式，尤其是if引导的虚拟条件状语从句，掌握与现在事实、与过去事实、与将来事实相反的三种虚拟语气的表达，特别是主句与从句时态的呈现；还有引导出的宾语从句需要运用虚拟语气的动词，如suggest, insist, propose, demand and so on. 3）培养学生运用所学知识表达自己的思想的能力。 2．过程与方法 1）引导学生在欣赏英文歌曲An Angel的情景教学过程中，开启对虚拟语气表达已有的知识记忆。

虚拟语气用法总结及详细解析

虚拟语气用法 英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气、疑问语气和感叹语气五类。 1、表示动作或状态是客观存在的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句中。 China is an Asian country. (肯定句) How interesting my stay in China has been! (感叹句) 2、祈使句表示说话人对对方的请求、警告，建议或命令。如: Please come over here. 请到这边来。 Watch your steps! 当心!(走路) 3、虚拟语气表示说话者做出的假设而非事实，或难以实现的情况，甚至表达彻底相反的概念。此外，如需表达主观愿望或某种强烈的感情时，也可用虚拟语气。虚拟语气是由句中的谓语动词的特殊形式表示出来的。如: If I were a bird，I would be able to fly in the air. 如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。 I wish I could pass the examination. 我希望我能通过考试。

If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating. 如果下周日下大雪，我们就不能去滑冰了。 If she were to be here next Monday, I would tell her about the matter. 如果她下周一来这儿的话，我就会告诉她这件事的始末。 4、有时，虚拟条件句中，结果主句和条件从句的谓语动作若不是同时发生时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。这种条件句叫错综条件句。 ①从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。 If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too.如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会成为一个工程师了 If they had informed us, we would not come here now. 如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了。 ②从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句的动作与过去事实不符。 If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing. 如果他今天有空的话，我们会已经派他去北京了。 If he knew her, he would have greeted her. 要是他认识她的话，他肯定会去问候她了。 5、当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were, should, had时，if可以省略，这时条件从句要用倒装语序，即把were, should, had等词置于句首，这种多用于书面语。 Should he agree to go there, we would send him there.要是他答应去的话，我们就派他去。 Were she here, she would agree with us.如果她在这儿的话，她会同意我们的。 Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here. 如果他懂一些电脑知识的话，我们已经聘用他来这里工作了。 【注意】 若条件从句为否定句，否定词not应置于主语之后，而不能与were，should，had 等缩略成Weren't，Shouldn't，Hadn't而置于句首。 Had it not been for the bad weather we would have arrived on time. 若不是天气坏，我们就准时到达了。 ②有时省略if后提前的had不是助动词: Had I time，I would come. 假若我有时间，我会来的。(=If I had time…) 6、非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来，暗含在副词、介词短语、上下文或其他方式表示出来，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。 ①将条件会暗含在介词短语中，如without…, but for…,otherwise（要不是因为）等 But for his help, we would be working now. (要不是他的帮助，我们还会在工作呢。

高中英语语法(虚拟语气)

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