并列句与复合句
并列句与复合句
--讲解：江练鑫
命题趋势：重点主要为宾语从句、连词的运用、定从的引导词。
一、并列句
用并列连词连接起来的两个及以上的简单句叫做并列句。（1）构成：简单句+并列连词+简单句（2）连词：并列连词和主从连词
A. 并列连词：and, but, or, nor, for, whereas, while,
either…or, neither…nor, not only…but(also).
B. 主从连词：so, therefore, however, still, yet, then等。（3）关系: 并列句中的前后两句可以根据意思或分为四种关系。
a同等关系and/not only…but also/neither…nor,用连词and, not only…but also, neither…nor 或者用逗号，有时也用分号连接两个简单句，构成并列句。
eg. He could neither read nor write
He not only studies hard, but also likes sports.
b转折关系but, yet, still, while, when, 用连词but, yet, still,while, when连接两个句子时，前后两句为转折关系。eg. Tom was not there but his brother was (there). There was no news, nevertheless, she went on hoping. c选择关系or, either…or.用连词or, either…or，连接两个句子时，前后两句为选择关系。
eg. Either you didn’t understand this, or you were not careful enough
d因果关系for, so.用连词for, so连接两个句子时，前后两句为因果关系。
eg. He hurried, for it was getting dark.
He liked the book very much, so I gave it to him. 二、复合句
复合句中包括两个或更多的分句，其中一个分句是主句，其余的分句是从句。从句就是一个分句在主句中充当一个成分，如主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语等。从句在句子中作什么成分就叫什么从句。（1）主语从句：用作主语的从句叫作主语从句。主语从句一般都是作谓语动词的主语，偶尔也可以作分词的主语。
a由what, whatever, whoever等代词引导主语从句。eg. What she likes is watching the children play Whatever you have heard must be kept secret Whoever fails to pass the exam will be dismissed b that引导
eg. It is tight that you told him the truth
c连接副词whether, when, how, where, why引导主从。eg. Why the fire broke out at night remains a mystery Whether we can help you is a difficult question When the meeting will be held has not been decided d主语从句后移:主语从句虽然可以放在谓语的前面，但是当主语从句较长而谓语较短时，常用代词作形式主语，而把主语从句放到句子后边。
eg. It is uncertain whether he wants to go or not It turned out true that he had done nothing wrong. (2) 表语从句:用作表语的从句叫作表语从句，通常由that, what, where, why, ho等连接词引导。
a if, whether, that引导表语从句，有时也用as, because, as if, as though, lest引导表语从句。eg. The question is that we must be good at learning from others.
It looks as if it’s going to rain. b what, which, who等连接代词。eg. That is what I want to tell you.
The question is which of the classes we choose to bethe excellent one
c how, when, where, why等连接副词。eg. The question is how we can help him
That is why he has been late.
（3）状语从句：在主从复合句中修饰主句中的动词、形容词、副词等，状语从句由从属连词引导，与主句连接，位于句首时，常常用逗号与主句分开，于句末时，其前一般不用逗号。状从根据其用途可分为时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式、目的、地点、比较状语从句等。
时间状从When/while/as，before, after, since, until, as soon as
I was doing my
homework when
my
mother came in. He did not go to bed until
his
father came
back.
条件状从
If, as long as(如果), unless
Unless weather stops me, I go for a walk every day.
原因状从
Because, since(既然), as, for(由于)
Since everyone is here , let’s begin our
meeting.
目状状从
So that(以便，为了), in order to(为了)
He gets up early every
morning
so that he can catch the bus.
结果状从
So that(结果是), so…that/such…that(如此…以至于)
It’s such hot that nobody
wants to go out.
让步状从
Though/although, even
if,
whatever, wherever, whenever
Wherever
you
go, I will go with
you.
比较状从
Than,
as…as,
not as/so…as(不如…)
He is as tall as
Tom.
地点状从
Where(…的地方), wherever
Sit wherever you like.
a 时间状语从句*主将从现eg I’ll ring you up as soon as I get to Beijing. *when 主从动作同时发生After 主动作发生在从之后Before 主动作发生在从之前As 强调并行发生，不指先后*till &until
主句谓语动词是延续性，主句用肯定形式 主句谓动是非延续性，主句用否定形式eg I’ll wait for you till\until you come to see me. I didn’t go to bed till\until I finished my homework.
B 条件状语从句
*祈使句+and/or引导的结果状从，祈使句在意义上相当于一个条件状语从句。
Eg Use your head, and you’ll find a way. =If you use your head, and you’ll f ind a way.
时态：（1）主句为祈使句、一般将来时或含有情态动词时，从一般现在时。（2）if引导的从句所表示的前提或条件将来可以实现或正在进行，动词要用现在完成时或进行时，主句常用将来时。Eg I’ll visit the Great Wall if it dosen’t rain tomorrow. We will give you a good price if you are thinking of buying it. C 原因状语从句
若状从所表示的原因是人们已知事实，用since引导，表“既然”。Eg Since you can’t answer the question, you can ask someone for help. D 结果状语从句(1)So+adj./adv.+that
Such+a/an(+adj.)+n.(单数)+that Such+(adj.)+n.(pl)+that So+adj.+a/an+n.(pl)+that
当名词前有many/much修饰时，用so而不用such. EgShe is such a lovely girl that we love her very much.=She is so lovely a girl that we love her very much. (2)so…that、too…to、not…enough to句型转换三、宾语从句
定义:在复合句中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句. 引导宾语从句的关联词有that, if/whether, what, who, whose, which, why, when, where, how等。
结构：1.肯定句结构:主句+that（可有可无）+肯定句
2.一般疑问句结构:主句+if+一般疑问句
3.特殊疑问句结构:主句+疑问词+肯定句。种类（连接词）:
1 由that引导的宾语从句－－－当从句是陈述句时，用that引导宾语从句．在口语和非正式文体中，that可以省略
I know ( that ) you like English .
He told me ( that ) he would go there next week . 2 由whether / if 引导的宾语从句－－－当从句是一般疑问句，选择疑问句或反意疑问句时，用whether / if引导宾语从句,并且要把疑问的语序变为陈述的语序．一般情况下，whether / if可以替换．但下面四种情况，只能用whether引导宾语从句．
He asked me whether / if I liked my job .
I want to know whether / if you'll come to the party . A当句子中出现or not 时，必须用whether引导宾语从句
I want to know whether or not you like me . I want to know whether you like me or not .
B当主句的谓语动词是由”动词＋介词”构成的短语时，必须用whether引导宾语从句They're talking about whether they'll go there. C当宾语从句为了起强调作用，放在句首时，必须用whether引导宾语从句
Whether you like me , I want to know .
D当if 容易引起歧义时，必须用whether引导宾语从句
Please let me know if you like it . (宾语从句，if =“是否”）
Please let me know if you like it .（条件状语从句, if = “如果”3 由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从
句－－－当从句是特殊疑问句时，要用特殊疑问词引导宾语从句，并且要把疑问的语序变为陈述的语序．
He asked them why they hadn't finished their homework .
4 由形容词引导的宾语从句－－－当主句的谓语动词是由”be+形容词”构成的系表结构做谓语时，用形容词引导宾语从句
I am sorry ( that )I am late .
He is very glad ( that ) you'll help him .
语序：不管宾语从句是陈述句、一般疑问句或特殊疑问句，都要用陈述句语序，也就是说主谓次序不能颠倒。连接词＋主谓结构
(1).Bill wanted to know who did this.
(2).I don\'t know what\'s the matter with Bob? (3).I don\'t know what\'s wrong with them? 时态
1.主现从不限（主句是一般现在时，从句的时态不限）
2.主过从四过（主居是一般过去时，从句的时态应是一般过去时、过去完成时、过去将来时或者过去进行时）
e.g. ①Lily wanted to know whether her grandma liked the handbag.
②I asked the teacher where we would have the meeting.
③Could you tell me how I can get to the zoo? 注：1.宾语从句如果表示定理法则、永恒真理等，则时态不变化：
The teacher told us that the earth moves around the sun
2.在think后的宾语从句，如果需要表示否定意义，一般不在宾语从句中否定，而是在主句中否定。
I don’t think that English is easy. I think that English is not easy. ( 误) 四、定语从句（一）限制性定语从句只能用that的几种情况1、当先行词是anything, everything, nothing (something 除外), few, all, none, little, some等代词时，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much，each等修饰时
(1) Have you taken down everything (that) Mr. Li has said?
(2) There seems to be nothing (that) seems impossible for him in the world.
(3) All that can be done has been done. (4) There is little (that) I can do for you.
注意1：部分时候that可以省略，如部分例句将that用括号括住。
注意2：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who
(4) Any man that/.who has a sense of duty won’t do such a t hing.
2、当先行词被序数词修饰
The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.3、当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时This is the best film that I have seen.
4、当形容词被the very, the only，the same, the last 修饰时
(1) This is the very good dictionary that I want to buy,
(2) After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned.
当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who
(3) Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting？
5、当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时(1) Who is the man that is standing there?
(2) Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? 6、当先行词既有人，也有动物或者物体时
Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned?7.当关系代词在定语从句中做表语
The village is no longer the one that it used to be 10 years ago.
（二）关系代词as和which引导的定语从句as和which引导非限制性定语从句，有相同之处也有不同之处。具体情况是：
1、As和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，代表前面整个句子。
(1) He married her, as/which was natural. (2) He was honest, as/which we can see.
2、as 引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一个主句；which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。另外，as有“正如……，正像……”的意思
(1) As is known to all, China is a developing country.
(2) He is from the south, as we can see from his accent(3) John, as you know, is a famous writer.
(4) He has been to Paris more than several times, which I don’t believe.
注意：当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时，常用which。
(5) Tom was always late for school, which made his teacher angry.
3、当先行词受such, the same修饰时，常用as (1) I have never heard such a story as he tells.
(2) He is not such a fool as he looks. (3) This is the same book as I lost last week. 注意：当先行词由the same修饰时，偶尔也用that引导定语从句，但是和由as所引导的定语从句意思不同(4) She wore the same dre ss that she wore at Mary’s wedding.
她穿着她在MARY婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。(5) She wore the same dress as her young sister wore. 她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。
注意：定语从句such…as …与结果状语从句such…that…的区别：as在所引导的定语从句中作主语，宾语；that在结果状语从句中不做成分
(6)He has such a good laptop as I want to buy. (7)He has such a good laptop that I want to by one.
(三）以the way为先行词的定语从句通常由in which, that引导，而且通常可以省略。The way in which/ that/./ he answered the question was surprising.
(四) but有时也可以做关系词引导定语从句There are very few but understand his idea。( but= who don’t ) ［定语从句］介词+关系词1）介词后面的关系词不能省略。2）that前不能有介词。(5) She wore the same dress as her young sister wore. 她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。
注意：定语从句such…as …与结果状语从句such…that…的区别：as在所引导的定语从句中作主语，宾语；that在结果状语从句中不做成分
(6)He has such a good laptop as I want to buy. (7)He has such a good laptop that I want to by one.
(三）以the way为先行词的定语从句通常由in which, that引导，而且通常可以省略。The way in which/ that/./ he answered the question was surprising.
(四) but有时也可以做关系词引导定语从句There are very few but understand his idea。( but= who don’t ) ［定语从句］介词+关系词1）介词后面的关系词不能省略。2）that前不能有介词。
练习：1. Turn on the television or open a magazine and you
advertisements showing happy, balanced family. A) are often seeing C) will often see B) often see D) have often seen
2.I felt somewhat disappointed and was about to leave, something occurred which attracted my attention. A) unless C) when B) until
D) while
3.He is strict ______ kind-hearted.
A) and but C) still
B) and yet D) however
4.______ is the center of our planetary system was a difficult concept to grasp in the Middle Ages.
A) It is the sun and not the earth C) The sun and not the earth
B) Being the sun and not the earth D) That the sun and not the earth
5.Output is now six times ______ it was before 1990. A) that C) that which B) what D) of that
6.When I try to understand ______ that prevents so many Americans from being as happy as one might expect, it seems to me that there are two causes. A) why it does C) what it is B) what it does D) why it is
7.Evidence came up ______ specific speech sounds are recognized by babies as young as 6 months old. A) what C) that B) which D) whose
8.All ______ is a continuous supply of the basic necessities of life.
A) what is needed C) the thing needed B) for our needs D) that is needed
9.We grow all our own fruit and vegetables, ______ saves money, of course.
A) which C) that B) as D) what
10.Living in the central Australian desert has its problems, ______ obtaining water is not the least.
A) for which C) of which B) to which D) in which
11.The residents, ______ had been damaged by the flood, were given help by the Red Cross.
A) all their homes C) all of whose homes B) all whose homes D) all of their homes
12.Today the public is much concerned about the way ______.
A) nature is being ruined C) on which to ruin nature B) which nature is ruined
D) of nature to be ruined
13.A man escaped from the prison last night. It was a long time ______ the guards discovered what had happened. A) before C) since B) until
D) when
14.No sooner had we reached the top of the hill ______ we all sat down to rest.
A) when C) than B) then D) until
15.I have kept that portrait ______ I can see it every day, as it always reminds me of my university days in London. A) which C) whether B) where
D) when
16.______ he works hard, I don't mind when he finishes the experiment.
A) As soon as C) So far as B) As well as D) So long as
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/b412821689.html,ernment cannot operate effectively ______ it is free from such interference.
A) so long as C) unless B) so that D) because
18.Britain's press is unusual ______ it is divided into two very different types of newspaper: the quality press and the popular press.
A) in how C) in which B) in what D) in that
19.______ your opinions are worth considering, the committee finds it unwise to place too much importance on them. A) As C) Provided B) Since
D) While
20.In the course of a day students do far more than just ______ classes.
A) attend C) to attend B) attended D) attending
[考点精析]
1. 正确答案为选项C。
本题测试含有条件概念的带连词的并列句。全句可译为：你一打开电视或翻开杂志，就常会看到表现幸福、美满家庭的各种广告。题句中连接词and前面的分句表示条件，它后面的分句表示结果。全句相当于：
If you turn on the television or open a magazine, you will often see advertisements showing happy, balanced families. 这是一个很常用的句型，and前面通常是祈使句，and后面的分句用将来时，所以选项C为正确答案。例如：
Give him an inch and he will take a mile. 得寸进尺。Hurry up, or (else) you'll be late. 快一点，不然你要迟到了。
2. 正确答案为选项C。
本题测试由when连接的并列句。全句可译为：我感到有些失望，正想离开，这时突然发生的一件事吸引了我的注意力。句中when的意思是“and at that moment”，其作用相当于一个并列连词。例如：
She had just finished dressing when her guests arrived. 她刚穿戴完毕，客人们就来了。
I was cooking when she knocked at the door. 我正在做饭，突然听到她的敲门声。选项A、B的语义显然不合题意。选项D) while多用于延续性动作，但本句与when相关的动作“occurred”为短暂性动作，只能与when连用，所以正确答案为选项C。
3. 正确答案为选项B。
本题测试并列连词的选用。全句可译为：他对人很严格，但又很仁慈。四个选项中，因为and不能与but连用，所以选项A首先可排除。选项C、D虽然可以表示“然而”，但通常在句中用作插入语，并须用逗号与句子其他部分隔开，所以也不是正确答案。选项B) and yet = but，切合题意，yet可以和and连用，因而是正确答案。
另外需要注意的是该并列分句中的省略现象。本句可以扩展为：He is strict and yet ( he is ) kind-hearted.
由此可见后一个并列分句中省略了主语和谓语动词。本句虽然简短，但仍是一个并列句。
4. 正确答案为选项D。
本题测试由that引导的主语从句。全句可译为：我们行星系的中心是太阳而不是地球，这一观念在中世纪很难被人们接受。从句子结构来看，本句谓语动词was前面的主语部分应是一个从句，而主语从句可由that引导，所以选项D是正确答案。例如：
That the driver could not control his car was obvious. 这位司机控制不住他的汽车是显而易见的。
为了使句子结构平衡，that-分句作主语时常用先行it结构，而将that-分句置于句末。例如上面这个句子可以改为：
It was obvious that the driver could not control his car.
5. 正确答案为选项B。
本题测试由关系代词型的连接代词what所引导的表语从句。全句可译为：现在的产量是1990年前产量的六倍。选项B) what相当于the output which，可以引导表语从句，而其他三个选项都不能在本句中引导表语从句，所以选项B为唯一正确答案。例如：That is what he meant. 这就是他的意思。
This book is just what I have been looking for. 这正是我一直在找的那本书。
6. 正确答案为选项C。
本题测试由what引导的宾语从句。全句可译为：当我力图弄明白究竟是什么使得美国人不象别人所想象的那么幸福时，我仿佛觉得其中的原因有两个。题句中空格前是及物动词understand，后面应接宾语从句。因而本句也可写成：
When I try to understand what prevents so many Americans from being as happy as one might expect, it seems to me that there are two causes.
句中的what是关系代词型的连接代词，相当于the thing
which，在宾语从句中充当主语。值得注意的是为了强调充当主语的what，本句采用了“It is …that”强调结构，所以选项C为正确答案。其余三个选项均不符合题句在结构和语义方面的要求。
what是关系代词型的连接代词，可以引导一个宾语从句，本题其余三个选项都起不到这一作用，因而选项A为唯一正确答案。例如：Show me what you've bought. 给我看看你买的东西。We're very grateful for what you did. 我们非常感谢你所做的一切。
7.正确答案为选项C。
本题测试由that引导的同位语从句。全句可译为：已有证据表明，出生仅六个月的婴儿就能辨认一定的语音。空格前的意思为：出现了证据。空格后面这一部分具体说明“evidence”的内容，在句中充当同位语。选项C) that可以引导同位语从句，而其余三个选项均不能起这一作用，所以选项C为正确答案。例如：
The fact that the money has gone does not mean it was stolen.
那笔钱不见了这一事实并不意味着是被偷了。
Where did you get the idea that I could not come? 你从哪儿听说我不能来？
8.正确答案为选项D。
本题测试由that引导的限制性定语从句。全句可译为：（全部）所需要做的是持续不断地供应基本生活必需品。根据句意，all后应填入一个能表示“所需要的”这一意思的修饰语，定语从句可以充当后置修饰语。而all后的定语从句应由that引导，因而选项D为正确答案。例如：
All that glitters is not gold. 闪闪发光物，未必尽黄金。
9.正确答案为选项A。
本题测试由which引导的非限制性定语从句。全句可译为：我们的水果蔬菜都是自家种的，这当然省钱。根据句意，空格中应填入一个能代表空格前整个句子，又能在从句中充当主语的关系代词。四个选项中，选项C、D不能引导非限制性定语从句；选项B) as意为“正如”，
虽能指代整个主句，但不合题意，所以只有选项A符合要求。例如：
Water, which is a clear liquid, has many uses. 水是一种清澈的液体，用处很多。
10.正确答案为选项C。
本题测试定语从句中“介词+关系代词”的用法。全句可译为：生活在澳大利亚中部沙漠有诸多问题，其中取水就是一个非常严重的问题。介词of可以表示比较的范围，which用以指代先行词
problems，选项C) of which正好可以表示“在这些问题中”，即“其中”的意思，切合题意，而其他三个选项在语义和结构方面均不合要求，所以选项C是正确答案。
值得注意的是对该非限制定语从句的理解和翻译。句中“not the least”意为“很大”，是一种表示强调的说法。根据主句的含义，可以译成：其中取水就是一个非常严重的问题。
11.正确答案为选项C。
本题测试由whose引导的定语从句。全句可译为：那些房屋全部被洪水毁坏的居民得到了红十字会的救济。从四个选项中可以看出，all为residents的同位语。根据题意，all后应接一个定语从句。选项B和C中都有关系代词whose，可以引导定语从句，但是我们不可以说“all whose homes”，所以正确答案为选项C。例如：You're the only one whose advice he might listen to. 只有你的话他可能会听。
I'd like a room whose window looks out over the sea. 我想要一个窗户面临大海的房间。
12.正确答案为选项A。
本题测试定语从句中关系代词的省略。全句可译为：现在公众对自然界正在如何遭受破坏十分关注。根据句意，“nature is being ruined”是一个定语从句，修饰way，它的前面省略了“in which”，原句可以写成：
Today the public is much concerned about the way in
which nature is being ruined.
选项B、C结构有误，选项D语义不合题意，所以只有选项A是正确答案。
13.正确答案为选项A。
本题测试由before引导的时间状语从句。全句可译为：昨夜有人从狱中逃走，过了很长时间警卫人员才发觉。后一句话的意思也就
是：在警卫人员发觉之前，已过了很长时间。可见选项A) before是正确答案。例如：It will be some time before we know the full results. 还要过一些时间我们才能知道全部结果。Say goodbye before you go.
你临走前去告别一下吧。
14.正确答案为选项C。
本题测试“no sooner than”引导的时间状语从句。全句可译为：我们一到山顶，大家就都坐下来休息。“no sooner than”是一个关联从属连词，意为“一 就 ”，因此，选项C 为正确答案。no sooner置于句首时，要用倒装语序。比较下面的句子：No sooner had he arrived home than he was asked to
start another journey.
他刚到家，就被要求开始另一旅程。
The bell had no sooner rung than the students quieted down.
铃声一响，孩子们便安静下来。
“hardly/scarcely when”可以引导相同意思的时间状语从句。例如：
Hardly/Scarcely had I sat down when he stepped in. ( = I
had hardly/scarcely sat down when he stepped in.) 我刚坐下来他就进来了。
15.正确答案为选项B。
本题测试由where引导的地点状语从句。全句可译为：我把那幅画像摆在每天都能看得见的地方，因为它总使我想起在伦敦上大学的那些日子。根据题意和句子结构的需要，填入空格的显然应为选项B) where。where可以用来引导地点状语从句，而其他三个选项都不能起到这一作用，所以正确答案为选项B。例如：Put it where you found it. 把它放在原来的地方。
Make a mark where you have any doubts or questions.
在你有问题的地方作上记号。
16.正确答案为选项D。
本题测试由so long as引导的条件状语从句。全句可译为：只要他努力去做，我并不在乎他什么时候完成实验。根据题意，空格处显然应填入表示“只要”这一意思的连接词，所以选项D) so long as是正确答案。“as long as”与“so long as”同义，表示“只要”，“如果”。例如：
As long as you are a student, you must observe the school discipline.
只要你是学生，就应该遵守学校的纪律。So long as you need me, I'll stay.
只要你需要我，我就留下。
17.正确答案为选项C。
本题测试由unless引导的条件状语从句。全句可译为：除非政府能够不受这种干扰，否则它将无法有效运转。根据题意，空格处应填入表示“除非”这一意思的连接词，所以选项C 为正确答案。unless相当于if not，例如：
I'll stay at home unless I'm invited. 如果没有受到邀请，我就呆在家里。
Unless the government agrees to give extra money, the
theatre will have to close.
除非政府同意提供更多的资金，否则这家剧院将不得不关闭。
18.正确答案为选项D。
本题测试由in that引导的原因状语从句。全句可译为：英国报业与众不同，因为报纸分成截然不同的两种类型：内容较为严肃的大报和通俗小报。根据题意，空格处必须填入表示“因为”这一意思的连接词。本题四个选项中，只有选项D符合要求，所以是正确答案。例如：The girl is like her mother in that she has very delicate feeling.
这个女孩子很象她母亲，因为她感情细腻。
Television is different from radio in that it sends and
receives pictures.
电视与无线电不同，电视能播送和接收图象。
19.正确答案为选项D。
本题测试由while引导的让步状语从句。全句可译为：虽然你们的意见值得考虑，但是委员会认为过分注重你们的意见是不明智的。揣测题意，空格处应填入表示“虽然”、“尽管”等意思的连接词，选项A、D均可表示这一意思。不过，as表示上述意思，引导让步状语从句时，从句要倒装，因而本题只有选项D为正确答案。比较下面的句子：
While I understand what you say, I can't agree with you. 尽管我能理解你所说的，但却无法赞同。Tired as I was, I tried to help them.
尽管我已经很累，我还是尽力帮助他们。
20.正确答案为选项A。
本题测试由than所引导的比较状语从句。全句可译为：在一天当中，学生所做的远不止是听课。当than作为连词，引导比较状语从句时，相比较的两个部分在结构上应当平行，只是than-从句常为省略句。我们可以把题句补充完整如下：
In the course of a day students do far more than (they)
just attend classes.
由此可见，只有选项A是正确答案。又如：
You arrived earlier than necessary. ( = than it is necessary
for you to arrive )
你比要求的时间到得早。
I took more luggage than was allowed. ( = than it was
allowed for me to take ) 我带的行李超过了额定重量。
简单句并列句复合句(全)
根据句子的结构，英语的句子可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。 1简单句 只包含一个主谓结构，He is a doctor. 2并列句 用并列连词and，but，or把两个的简单句连接而成。 He is a doctor ,and
she is a teacher. I liked the story , but he didn’t like it. Hurry up，or you will be late. 3 复合句 句型：主句+连词+从句 连词+从句+主句（包含一个主句、一个从句的句子叫复合句。）
1).定语从句 2).状语从句 3).名词性从句 I don’t like the wa y (that, in which) he talked to me. Please pass me the book whose cover is green. （of which t
he cover/the cover of which）
二、状语从句 1 地点状语从句 地点状语从句通常 由where, wherever 引导。 Where I live there are plenty of trees. Wherever I am I wil l be thinking of yo u.
2 方式状语从句 方式状语从句通常由as, (just) as…s o…, as if, as thou gh引导。 1）as, (just) as…s o…引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句后，但在(just) as…so…结构中位于句首，这时a s从句带有比喻的含
并列句和复合句
并列句和复合句 课标要求及命题趋势 句子的基本结构有三个:简单句,并列句,复合句.简单句已在上一讲中讲过.本讲我们主要说后两者.由两个或两个以上的简单句用并列连词and, but, for, so, or 等或分号连在一起构成的句子,叫并列句.而由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子,叫复合句.句子是考试的热点.特别是复合句更是必考内容.所以在学习时,要注意区别与联系. 一网打尽 并列句及并列连词 知识点复合句 主谓一致 指点迷津 一并列句 由连词连接两个分句组成的句子叫并列句。这些分句平行并列，而且同等重要，能够独立成句。连接分句的有并列连词和主从连词。 并列连词：and, but, or, nor, for, whereas, while, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but(also). 主从连词：so, therefore, however, still, yet, then等。 并列句中的前后两句可以根据意思或分为四种关系。 （1）同等关系and/not only…but also/neither…nor,用连词and, not only…but also, neither…nor或者用逗号，有时也用分号连接两个简单句，构成并列句。 如：He could neither read nor write He not only studies hard, but also likes sports. （2）转折关系but, yet, still, while, when, 用连词but, yet, still, while, when 连接两个句子时，前后两句为转折关系。 如：Tom was not there but his brother was (there). There was no news, nevertheless, she went on hoping. （3）选择关系or, either…or. 用连词or, either…or，连接两个句子时，前后两句为选择关系。
并列句、复合句和连词精选中考试题
专题十四并列句、复合句和连词 1.(2017山东潍坊中考)—Boy, your head teacher has set up a WeChat group. Could you tell me? —OK, I’ll teach you.It’s so easy. A.how I join it B.why he sets it up C.what it is used for D.when it was set up 答案A句意:——儿子,你的校长建立了一个微信群。你能告诉我怎样加入吗?——好的,我来教你。那非常简单。本题考查宾语从句。根据句意可知选A。 2.(2017吉林中考)—Andy, I wonder the new sports clothes. —Of course by credit card. A.what you paid for B.how you paid for C.why you paid for 答案B句意:——Andy,我想知道你是怎么支付新运动衣的。——当然是通过信用卡。本题考查宾语从句。根据答语中的by可知应用提问方式的疑问词how,故选B项。 3.(2017吉林长春中考)—I want to know more about Hong Kong. Can you tell me ? —In 1997. A.when did it return to China B.when it returned to China C.when does it return to China D.when it returns to China 答案B句意:——我想更多地了解香港。你能告诉我它是什么时候回归中国的吗?——在1997年。根据句型结构可判断,本题考查宾语从句。宾语从句用陈述句语序,A、C两项排除,根据“In 1997.”,可排除D选项,故选B。 4.(2016广西南宁中考)—Could you please tell me? —At 8:00 pm. A.when will the train leave B.when the train will leave C.where the train will go D.where will the train go 答案B句意:——你能告诉我火车什么时候离开吗?——晚上八点。本题考查宾语从句。根据答语排除C和D。宾语从句要用陈述句语序,故选B。 5.(2016天津中考)—Could you tell me you’ll go to Paris? —Next month. A.why B.where C.when D.how 答案C句意:——你能告诉我你将什么时候去巴黎吗?——下个月。本题考查宾语从句的连接词。why 为什么;where 在哪儿;when 什么时候;how 如何。根据回答可知选C项。 1
并列句和复合句练习
并列句和复合句练习
初中并列句和复合句练习 1:Get up early,_____you’ll be late for school. A:so B:and C:of D:but 2:_______the dinner was all over,everyone helped wash the dishes. A:How B:When C:Before D:Why 3:--Mum,the visit to the science museum is so wonderful. --Really? Could you tell me _____? A:that you did and saw there B:when you come back C:how did you get there D:if you saw models of spacecraft there 4:______Mike didn’t win the race,he was still wearing a smile on his face. A:If B:Since C:Although D:Because 5:Julie didn’t leave her office______the police arrived. A:however B:whenever C:while D:until 6:--It’s said that the new highway has been completed. --Yes,but we don’t know_______it’s to be opened to traffic soon. A:which B:when C:whether D:since 7:--Could you tell me _______? --Talking about festivals. A:how they are playing B:what they are doing C:where they are going D:why they are practicing 8:Franklin told them all______to be in Britain again. A:how happy was he B:how happy he was C:how was he happy D:how he happy was 9:--Hi,Tony! Do you know ________? --Yes,there is a coffee shop at the corner of the street. A:when I can get a cup of coffee B:when can I get a cup of coffee C:where I can get a cup of coffee D:where can I get a cup of coffee 10:Mr.Smith has a habit of taking a shower ______he has breakfast. A:though B:before C:because D:since
简单句-并列句和复合句用法及习题
: 七年级上册： Unit 1—Unit 9:侧重于陈述句和疑问句。 七年级下册： Unit 4:祈使句 Don't eat in the classroom. Unit 8：倒装句 There is a zoo in my neighborhood. Unit 2,Unit 3,Unit 5,Unit 9,Unit 11,Unit 12:特殊疑问句。 | 八年级上册： Unit 7:There will be more people. There will be more pollution. Unit 8:First,peel the bananas. Next, put the bananas in the blender. Then, pour the milk into the blender. Finally, turn on the blender. 八年级下册： Unit 3:For one week, she did not do any housework and neither did I. 九年级： Unit 2 :What fun the Water Festival is! How fantastic the dragon boat teams were! " 一、陈述句和疑问句 1.陈述句 用来陈述一个事实或表达说话者看法的句子叫“陈述句”，句末用句号表示句子的陈述结束。陈述句分为肯定句和否定句。 (1)肯定句的基本结构：“主语+谓语+宾语”。例如：I play basketball after school. (2)否定句又分为完全否定和部分否定。
第六讲_并列句和复合句
第六讲并列句和复合句 教学目标: 1. 掌握并列句的构成和用法。 2. 熟练掌握宾语从句的构成和基本用法。 3．熟练掌握状语从句的构成和基本用法。 —、并列句 用并列连词连接起来的两个或两个以上的简单句叫做并列句。 (一)并列句的构成 其结构是“简单句+并列连词+简单句”。 (二)常用的并列连词 2．其他的并列连词有：then，while，when，not only...but also...,neither...。nor，either...or，as well as等。 二、复合句 复合句是由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子。主句和从句都具有完整的主谓结构，主句是全句的主体，从句是主句中的一部分，不能独立存在。 根据从句在全句中的不同作用，从句可分为：宾语从句、定语从句、状语从句、主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。在这里重点讲解宾语从句、状语从句和定语从句。 (一)宾语从句
注意： whether和if引导宾语从句时，一般情况下可以互换，但在下列情况下须用whether，不能用if。 ①具有选择意义，宾语从句中有or或or not时。例如： We really don’t know whether news is true or not． 我们真的不知道这消息是否是真的。 ②在介词后接宾语从句或不定式时。例如： We are talking about whether we’ ll go back to our hometown．我们正在讨论是否回老家去。 ③作discuss等词的宾语时。例如： We discussed whether we should close the shop． 我们讨论了是否应该把商店关掉。 2．宾语从句的语序 宾语从句无论是陈述句、一般疑问句或特殊疑问句意义，一律用陈述句语序，即“主语+谓语”结构。句尾标点符号取决于主句。例如： Are you a student? He asks．→ He asks if you are a student． 他问你是否是学生。 Where does he work? Do you know?→ Do you know where he works? 你知道他在哪工作吗? 3．宾语从句的时态 (二)状语从句 1．时间状语从句 ①时态：当主句是一般将来时态或祈使句或含有将来的意义时，由when，as soon as，till／until，before引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时。例如： As soon as he returns home，I’ ll let you know．他一回到家，我就告诉你。 ②引导词：由when，while，as，since，after，before，until／till，as soon as等连词引
简单句、并列句与复合句之间的转换
简单句、并列句与复合句之间的转换 审稿：白雪雁责编：张敏 句型转换是句子类别的转换，其目的在于检测学生运用各种句型的表达能力，才能在考试的评分中得到较高档次的分数。这就要求学生对所学的句子结构和词形的变化做到概念清楚，懂得各种句型如何转换，运用准确，这有利于提高英语口语和书面表达能力。 简单句与复合句之间的互变 很多复合句和简单句可以互变，意思上不发生太大的变化。在很多情况下，是将复合句里的从句变为一个短语。不论是主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、定语从句还是状语从句，在一定的情况下都可以这样转换。 主语从句有时可以和短语互换，它既可以是不定式短语也可以是动名词短语。 (1) When and where we should hold the meeting is still to be discussed． →When and where to hold the meeting is still to be discussed． (2) It worried her a great deal that her son would stay up so late． →Her son’s staying up so late worried her a great deal． (3) What we had to do was to stand there，trying to catch the offender． →We had to stand there to catch the offender． 表语从句有时可以和短语互换，与它互换的可以是不定式短语和动名词短语。 My idea is that we should do it right now． →My idea is to do it fight now． 在某些动词的后面宾语从句可以和一个动名词短语或不定式短语互换． (1) I regret that I had told you the secret． →I regret telling you the secret． (3) They don’t know whether they shall carry out the old plan or not． →They don’t know whether to carry out the old plan or not． 个别的同位语从句也可以和一个短语互换。 The news that we are invited to the conference is very encouraging． →The news of our being invited to the conference is very encouraging 有些定语从句可以和一个不定式短语，分词短语或介词短语互换。 (1) Can those who are seated at the back of the classroom hear me? →Can those seated at the back of the classroom hear me? (2) What are the most important measures we should take? →What are the important measures to be taken? (3) The young man who was in the possession of the firm was at a desk． →The young man in the possession of the firm was at a desk． 状语从句和短语互换的情形很多，常用分词短语来替代状语从句，表示时间、原因、条件。用不定式短语来替代状语从句，表示目的、结果、原因；另外介词短语可以和表示时间、原因、条件、让步等状语从句互换。
并列句和复合句的区别-并列句和复合句
并列句和复合句的区别|并列句和复合句 并列句和复合句 并列句 两个或两个以上独立的主谓结构或简单句并列在一起，我们称之为并列句。各个简单句间是平行并列的关系，而非从属关系。并列句的各个分句间可用逗号、分号、起连接作用的副词或并列连接词来连接。 1. 能连接并列句的连词 and(和，又)，but(但是)，for(因为)，however(然而)， or(或者)，so(所以，因而)，while(然而)，yet(然而) 2. 能连接并列句的复合连词 or else(否则，要不然)，either...or...(要么···，要么···;或者···，或者···)，neither...nor...(既不···，也不···)，not only...but also(不仅···，而且···) 3. 能连接并列句的副词 besides(而且，还有)，hence(因此)，otherwise(否则，要不然)，then(然后，于是)，therefore(因此，所以)，thus(因而，从而) 复合句
一个句子，如果有一个或多个成分由句子充当，并列句和复合句则它就是复合句。其中能够独立存在的句子，称之为主句，主句也是全句的主体;而充当全句的一个句子成分的句子，则称之为从句，从句不能独立存在。因此，我们也把这种存在主从关系的复合句，叫做主从复合句。 主从复合句可以分为如下三类： 1. 名词性从句 名词性从句，按照句子在全句中充当的句子成分，又分为： 1)主语从句 2)宾语从句 3)表语从句 4)同位语从句 2. 定语从句 定语从句须由关系代词或关系副词来连接。 3. 状语从句 状语从句又可分为： 1)时间状语从句 2)地点状语从句 3)原因状语从句 4)条件状语从句 5)目的状语从句 6)结果状语从句
简单句并列句复合句
简单句、并列句、复合句 一．简单句：仅有一个主谓结构的句子叫简单句。 1.主语、谓语在人称与数上的一致性。 and连接两个并列主语时为复数，谓语动词也相应地使用复数形式，但： (1)如果and连接的两个名词是不可数名词且前面都没有冠词，若两个词表示一个事物或一个概念，谓语动词要用单数；如果两个词表示的是两个事物或两个概念，谓语动词则要用复数。 (2)如果and连接的是两个可数单数名词，前一个有冠词，后一个没有冠词，意味着一个人或事物，谓语动词要用单数。 (3)当and连接的两个名词前都有each，every，many a，no等单数概念的限定词修饰时(第二个名词前的修饰词有时可以省略)，谓语动词要用单数。 2.陈述句与疑问句的转换。 3.选择疑问句。 4.反意疑问句。 (1)陈述句+省略问句 (2)祈使句+附加疑问句 反意疑问句的回答 二．并列句 由并列连词把两个或两个以上的互相关连而又互相独立的独句(即简单句)连在一起而构成的句子叫并列句。其结构是：简单句+并列连词+简单句 常用的连词有and,but,or not only...but also,neither...nor,either...or 联合并列句常由并列词and, not only…but also…..等连接 如: Use your hand, and you’ll find a way. 转折并列句常由并列连词but, while, yet, whereas, nevertheless等连接 如:I would love to have gone to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. 选择疑问句常由并列连词or, otherwise, either…or…,等连接 如:Either you leave this house or I’ll call the police 因果并列句由并列连词so, for, therefore 等连接. 如: it was late, so we went home. 在”祈使句+and/or+陈述句”结构中,当前后两部分间为承接关系时,用and;前后意思为相反关系时,用or.可将前面的祈使句转换成由if引导的条件状语从句,但必须将and 或or 去掉. 如: Hurry up, and we’ll be there in time.= If we hurry up, we’ll be there in time. because和so; although, though和but 不能连用 三．复合句:有一个主句和若干个从句组成 1. What I want to explain is this. 2.We should never pretend to know what we don’t know. 3.That’s exactly what I am planning to do. 4.We expressed the hope that they would come and visit china again. 5.He asked me to stay where I was. 6. The comrade whom you spoke to is a model worker.
如何区别并列句和复合句
如何区分并列句和复合句 突破点一-------如何区分并列句和复合句 1.掌握并列连词的3点基本知识 （1）并列连词的2个功能 并列连词既可以连接并列句的单词或短语，也可以连接并列的分词。语法填空无提示词的考查中，当俩个或俩个以上的句子间没有连词时，就需要根据逻辑关系来判定并列连词还是从句连词。and （1）2016四川高考It was time for her to have a new baby ,--------it was also time for the young panda to be independent .or (2）2014全国卷But the river wasn’t change in a few days ------even a few months.2）并列连词或副词的基本类型 （1）表示并列或递进关系的有： and , both ---and ,,,,,not only ----but (also)，then, besides,accor （2）表示转折或对比关系的词有： but ,while ,yet , however, still, nevertheless , （3）表示选择的关系得有: or , either ---or ---，not ----but----，otherwise, neither---nor--, （4）表示因果关系的词有： so，for，therefore，and 例12017遵义航天高级中学模拟The short road, the easy path -------the light load all lead to lower grades in school of life.but 2017白银模拟Readers may go to special websites to read cheaper -------download it to their phones.so
并列句和复合句(含答案解析)
并列句和复合句 易错清单 一、when,if引导的时间状语从句和宾语从句 1. 含有when,if引导的时间状语从句的复合句中,若主句是一般将来时,从句应用一般现在时;when引导其他时态的时间状语从句时,从句时态应与主句时态保持一致。 2. when, if引导的宾语从句,首先要保证从句的陈述语序,然后再根据主句的时态确定从句时态,使其基本与主句内容保持意义上的一致。if充当宾语从句的连接词时,相当于whether, 词义为“是否”;充当状语从句的连接词时,词义为“如果”。when充当宾语从句的连接词时,意为“什么时候”;充当状语从句的连接词时,意为“当……的时候”。如: I don't know when my father will come back, but I'll ask him to call you back when he comes back. 我不知道我爸爸什么时候回来,但是他回来的时候我可以让他给你回电话。 I don't know if he will come back. If he comes back, I'll tell you. 我不知道他是否会回来。如果他回来的话,我会告诉你。 二、when, while,as的区别 when, while, as引导的从句都可以使用延续性动词。when, as都可以与终止性动词连用,而while则不能。如: He fell asleep when(while, as) he was reading. 他看书时睡着了。 when可表示瞬间、时间段,与主句所叙述的动作、事情可同时发生,也可有先后。 I will go home when he comes back. 他回来时,我就回家去。 It was raining hard when we arrived. 我们到达时正下着大雨。 while用于同时进行的两个延续性动词相伴随而发生,常对同类的两个动作进行比较。 While I was reading, my mother was washing clothes. 我读书时,我妈妈在洗衣服。 as不指先后,而指并列发生,尤指两动作或事件同时发生。如: She sang as she worked. 她一边工作一边唱歌。
简单句、并列句、复合句(习题)
简单句、并列句、复合句（习题） 一、单项选择 ( )1.—______ will the supper be ready? I’m very hungry. —In a minute. A. How soon B. How long C. How much D. How often ( )2.—Few well-known singers came to the concert, did they? —______, such as Andy Lau, Jay Chou and Kristy Zhang. A. No, they didn’t B. Yes, they did C. No, they did D. Yes, they didn’t ( )3.______ kind and helpful to the people around us, and we will make the world a nicer place to live in. A. Be B. Being C. To be D. Been ( )4.—Tom, come out and join us! —______ till I finish what I ______, OK? A. Wait; do B. Waiting; do C. Waiting; am doing D. Wait; am doing ( )5.Guan Dong saved an old lady out of the Yangtze River. _______ great courage he showed! A. What a B. What C. How a D. How ( )6.—The passenger ship Eastern Star capsized (倾覆) in the Yangtze River on the evening of June 1st. —_____ bad news! Can we do something to help with the rescue (救援)? A. What a B. What C. How a D. How ( )7.Look at the man over there. _____he is! A. How tall B. How a tall C. What a tall D. What tall ( )8.—Finish your homework ______ you can’t play computer games, Jim. —All right, Mum. A. but B. till C. and D. or ( )9.—Hello, Lily, you are busy. Can I give you a hand? —Thanks very much, ______ I can manage. A. and B. or C. so D. but ( )10.—Would you please give this newly-published novel to Jack? —Certainly. _____ he comes back. A. Before B. As soon as C. Until D. Unless
简单句、并列句和复合句(包括五大句型)重要
简单句、并列句和复合句 (一)句子种类两种分类法 1、按句子的用途可分四种: 1)陈述句(肯定、否定):He is six years old; She didn't hear of you before. 2)疑问句(一般、特殊、选择、反意): Do they like skating? How old is he? Is he six or seven years old? Mary can swim, can't she? 3)祈使句:Be careful, boys; Don't talk in class 4)感叹句:How clever the boy is! 2、按句子的结构可分三种: 1)简单句:只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)。 e.g. He often reads English in the morning. Tom and Mike are American boys. She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers. 2) 并列句:由并列连词(and, but, or等)或分号(;)把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。 e.g. You help him and he helps you. 3)复合句:含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。主从复合句即是复杂句 复合句包含:名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句)、定语从句和状语从句等。 e.g. The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall. (二)简单句的五种基本句型 1、主语+系动词+表语:e.g. He is a student. 2、主语+不及物动词:e.g. We work. 3、主语+及物动词+宾语:e.g. Henry bought a dictionary. 4、主语+及物动词+双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语):e.g. My father bought me a car. 5、主语+及物动词+复合宾语(宾语+宾补):e.g. Tom made the baby laugh. 注:其他各种句子都可由这一种基本句型扩展、变化或省略而构成。 (三)并列句的分类 1、表示连接两个同等概念,常用and, not only…but also…, neither…nor…, then等连接。 e.g. The teacher's name is Smith, and the student's name is John. 2、表示选择,常用的连词有or, either…or…, otherwise等。 e.g. Hurry up, or you'll miss the train. 3、表示转折,常用的连词有but, still, however, yet, while, when等。 e.g. He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting. 4、表示因果关系,常用的连词有so, for, therefore等。 e.g. August is the time of the year for rive harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark. (四)高考考点探讨 1、简单句的五大句型是最基本的句型。虽然近几年单纯考查这种基础句型的题不多,但是在阅读中有时需借助于划分句子成分去理解,在书面表达中,没有最基本的遣词造句的能力是不可能用地道的英语句子来表达清楚的。 2、祈使句、反意疑问句和感叹句是高考命题的热点之一。有时把祈使句与反意疑问句结合于一体来考查。
简单句、并列句、复合句、并列复合句
简单句、并列句、复合句、并列复合句 文章来源：互联网 在前面各讲中所说的肯定句、否定句、各种疑问句、感叹句等，是根据句子的作用来划分的。今天，我们再学习一种新的分类方法：即根据句子的内部结构，特别是句子与句子之间的关系来划分的方法。根据句子结构，可以分为三种主要类型：简单句、并列句、复合句，另外还有一种叫并列-复合句子。 要搞懂英语句子结构分类，有一点首先必须明白：即什么是“句子”？句子的概念有两层含义：一是它能表达一个清晰、完整的意思。反过来讲，只要能表达一个清晰、完整的意思的语言单位，不论是长是短，哪怕是一个单词，也算作是一个句子。这是从意义方面来说的。二是句子的结构完整。所谓“完整”，最核心的是一个句子应该有“主语、谓语”。也就是说，有主语、有谓语的语言单位就是一个句子。这就是从句子结构方面来分的，也是从句子语法成份方面来划分的。我们所讲的简单句、并列句、复合句都是从主语、谓语来判定句子类型的。 如果按照句子的结构分类，英文句子可分为三种类型：简单句(Simple Sentence)，并列句(Compound Sentence)和复合句(Complex Sentence)。 一、简单句 简单句的定义是：或者只有一个主语，或者只有一个谓语。为什么说“或者”呢？因为简单句可以只有一个主语，但有几个谓语；或者可以有几个主语，但只有一个谓语。这样一分，简单句就有三种形式了。 1、只有一个主语、一个谓语，再加上其它成份。例如： Light travels faster than sound. 光比声传播速度快。 The film is not interesting. 这部电影没有意思。 Can you finish the work on time? 你能按时完成工作吗？ 2、只有一个主语，但有几个谓语，再加上其它成份。例如： The boy were running, shouting and laughing. 男孩们一边跑，一边笑，一边喊叫着。 You cannot listen to music and memorize at the same time. 你不能既听音乐，同时又背诵东西。 Computers mean a lot to human beings and are paidmore and more attention by people.
并列句、复合句大全
并列句，复合句和连词 命题规律：并列句和复合句以及连词是中考的重点内容，也是中考的必考题。期中复合句考察的内容涉及状语从句，宾语从句，定语从句中引导词的运用 命题趋势：宾语从句，连词的使用，定语从句的引导词 一、并列句 用并列连词连接起来的两个或两个以上的简单句叫做并列句。 1. 构成：简单句+ 并列连词+ 简单句 2. 常见的用于连接两个简单句的并列连词有：and，but，or，so，for。 （1）and意为“和，并且”，表示顺延、并列等关系。如： Work hard and you can pass the exam. = If you work hard, you can pass the exam. （2）but意为“但是”表示转折关系。如： He is rich but he is not happy. （3）or意为“否则，或者，或“表示选择关系。如： Hurry up, or you’ll be late. =If you don’t hurry up, you’ll be late. （4）so意为“所以，因此，于是”表示因果关系。如： Kate was i ll so she didn’t go to school. （5）for意为“因为”，表示因果关系。如： I have to stay up late, for I have a lot of work to do. 3. 当连词and连接的并列句前半部分是祈使句，后半部分是将来时的陈述句时，其含义相当于由if引导的条件状语从句。这种句型还可以用or来连接，但意思不同。如： Think it over, and you’ll find the answer. =If you think it over, you’ll find the answer. 4. 其他的并列句 其他的并列连词有then，while，when，yet，not only…but also…, neither…nor…, either…or…, both…and…, as well as。如： I like English while my brother likes Chinese. 二、状语从句 状语从句在主从复合句中修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等，状语从句由从属连词引导，与主句连接，位于句首时，常用逗号与主句分开，位于句末时，其前一般不用逗号。状语从句根据其用途可分为时间状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句、方式状语从句、目的状语从句等。
复合句与并列句
考点演绎 复合句和并列句的内容在高等学校英语应用 能力考试中所占比重超过12%，是考生应复习和掌握的重要内容。复合句和并列句的考查形式主要是多项选择题，考点多集中在连词和关系代词的判断和使用上。要求考生对复合句和并列句的结构有清晰的了解，并能正确使用相关连词或关系代词。因此，考生复习时要把重点放在连词和关系代词的用法上。本节特将重要的连词和代词列举如下，供考生学习和掌握。 1、复合句 复合句包括：名词性从句（分为主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句及同位语从句）、定语从句，状语从句。其中状语从句可以分为表示时间、地点、条件、原因、让步、比较、目的和结果等状语从句。下面分别叙述各从句的考点： （1）主语从句，即在整个从句中充当主语成分的从句，可以由从属连词that, whether 等引导，也可由连接代词what, which, who, 以及由连接副词how, when, where, why, as 等引导。如： In some countries what is called “equality” does not
mean equal rights for all people.(在某些国家，被称为“平等”的东西并非真的表示所有人都享有平等的权利。) （2）同位语从句，由that 来引导，充当一个名词的同位语，表面看上去象定语从句，但实际有两点重要区别：一是它表示的是名词的内容，而不是属性；二是连词“that”在从句中不担任句子成分。由同位语从句修饰的名词常见的有：fact，thought, idea, news, hope, belief, doubt 等。如：The fact that most people believe nuclear war would be madness does not mean that it will not occur.(大多数人相信核战争将会是疯狂的举动的事实并不意味着它不会发生。) （3）表语从句，是跟在系动词后面充当表语的,可以由从属连词that, whether 等引导，也可由连接代词what, which, who, 以及由连接副词how, when, where, why, as ，because 等引导。如：Their argument was how we know a way to test the authorities' statement. (他们争论的是我们怎么知道检验权威观点的方法。 （4）宾语从句（包括间接引语），除了在句
英语并列句和复合句句子的种类
英语并列句和复合句句子的种类 1. 按使用目的，句子可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句四类； 2. 句子按其结构可以分为简单句、并列句、复合句三类。下面就考试中常见的并列句和复合句做简单介绍。 （一）并列句 1. 由and、but、or、so、for等并列连词把两个简单句连接起来而成的。例如： John likes playing basketball, but he didn’t play it yesterday. 约翰喜欢打篮球，但他昨天没打。 You should hurry, or you will miss the train. 你该快点了，否则要误车了。 He must be a good student, for he is always careful with his lessons. 他肯定是个好学生，因为他学习一直很认真仔细。 2. 由并列连词词组连接成的。常用的有 not only …but also …, either …or …, neither …nor …, not …but …,both …and …,等等。例如： Not only one but also all of us were invited. 不只是一个，而是我们全体都受到邀请。 Either you do it, or I ask for somebody else to do it. 要么你来做，要么我请其他人来做。 Neither Tom nor Jack has finished the homework. 汤姆和杰克都没有完成作业。
Not couldn’t they complete the task, but the task was too tough. 不是他们完不成任务，而是任务太重了。 并列句的口诀！ and 表示顺承while表示对比 but/yet表示转折 for/so表示因果 or/either ...or 表示选择when和and/then表示时间and/so/neither/nor表示并列 not only...but also/neither... nor表示递进 （二）主从复合句 包含两个或多个主谓结构，并且，其中一个主谓结构充当主句，另一个或多个主谓结构为从句，充当该主句的主语、表语、宾语、定语或状语，这样的句子叫做复合句。按照从句在整个复合句中所起的语法作用，可将复合句分为六类。即主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、定语从句和状语从句。在以往的英语应用能力等级考试中，这六种复合句都曾出现过，其中尤其以宾语从句、定语从句和状语从句为多。下面分别予以讲解。 1. 主语从句 在整个句子中充当主语成分的从句。可以由从属连词that, whether等引导；也可以由连接代词what, which, who以及由连接副词how, when, where, why，as等引导。例： In some countries _what__ is called "equality" does not really mean equal rights for all people. A) which B) what C) that D) one 2. 同位语从句 从句的作用是做主语、表语或宾语的同位语（即，不是对主语、表语或宾语进行修饰和限定，而是说明其内容含义），则叫做同位语从句。由that引导。例：