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笔者英语类考试频道为网友整理研究生管理考试，供大家参考学习。

[A]The first and more important is the consumer’s growing preference for eating out: the consumption of food and drink in places other than hours has risen from about 32 percent of total consumption on 1995 to 35% in 2000 and is expected to approach 38% by 2005. This development is boosting wholesale demand from the food service segment by 4 to 5% a year as the recession is looming large, people are getting anxious. They tend keep a tighter hold on their purse and consider eating at home a realistic alternation。[B] Retail, sales of food and drink in Europe’s largest markets are at a standstill, leaving European grocery retailers hungry for opportunities to grow. Most leading retails have already tried e-commerce, with limited success, and expansion aboard. But almost all have ignored the big profitable opportunity in their own back yard: the

wholesale food and drink trade, which appears to be just the kind of market retailers need。[C] Will such variations bring about a change in overall structure of the food and drink market? Definitely not. The functioning of the market is base on flexible trends dominated by potential buyers. In other words, it is up to the buyer, rather than the seller, to decide. What to buy. At any rate, this change and international consumers, regardless of how long the current consumer pattern will take hold。[D] All in all, this clearly seems to be a market in which big retailers could profitably apply their gigantic scale, existing infrastructure, and proven skills in the management of product ranges, logistics, and marketing intelligence. Retailers that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe may well expect to rank in substantial profits thereby. At last, that is how it looks as a whole. Closer inspection reveals important differences among the biggest nation market especially in their customer segment and wholesale structures, a as well as the competitive dynamics。[E] Despite variations in detail, wholesale markets in the countries that have

been closely examined---France, Germany—are made out of the same building block. Demand mainly from two sources: in dependent mom—and –pop grocery stores which, unlike large retail chains, are too small to buy straight when they don’t eat at home. Such food service operators, but most of these businesses are known in the trade as “horeca”：hotels, restaurant and cafes. Overall, Europe’s wholesale market for food and drink is growing at the same sluggish pace as the retail market, but the figure when assed together, mask too opposing trends。[F] For example, wholesale food and drink sales came to ＄268 billion in France, Germany, Spain, America in 2000 --- more than 40 percent of retail sales. Moreover, average overall margins are higher in wholesale than in retail ; wholesale demand from the food service sector is growing quickly as more Europeans eat out more often ;and in the competitive dynamics of this fragmented industry are at last man it feasible for wholesalers to consolidate。[G] However, none of these requirements should deter large retailers land even some large food producers and existing wholesalers, from trying their hand, foe those

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preference for eating out: 提到的是消费者一种外出吃饭的偏爱。重要的是用了数字the first指代前面提到的趋势。所以我们应该先把45题确定为[A]选项。如果把[A]选项看成是第一段的同学，根本是在乱选，根据一般的出题规律，没有这么把最明显的词汇放在句首作为做题的重要依据的。四。选项【C】的主题是谈到市场结构变化的问题，也提到影响市场运转的因素。但是我们发现没有出现与前面6段主题一致的中心词汇，比如；retail, wholesale, food and drink等，它的的干扰来自“market”这个词语，只可惜不是段落的中心词汇。五。现在重要的是BFDG的顺序问题。如果一旦错误，就会导致四道题全错。我们发现选项[B]的末句说大部分大型的零售商无视了wholesale的重要性，即没有充分意识到它的重要性，属于典型的首开wholesale food and drink话题的写作方式，而且在接下来的段落里都是围绕wholesale这个话题展开的，因此第一段应该选[B]。六. 参考答案：41---45 【B】【F】【D】【G】【A】。

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