高考写作篇章结构

高考写作专题——篇章结构

一. 教学内容：

高考写作专题——篇章结构

纵观历年的高考书面表达，其文体题材各异，有书信、口头通知、简介、日记、自我介绍、记叙文、描写文、说明文、看图作文等，不同的体裁需要考生应用适当的篇章结构，将题目所提供的信息清晰、明了、准确，逻辑合理地表达出来。

篇章结构在语言表达中起着非常重要的作用，同样的信息点会因为不同的表达顺序传达出不同的信息。层次分明，逻辑合理的篇章结构会让读者在很短的时间内获得并准确理解题目所规定的信息；而叙述顺序混乱，前言不搭后语的篇章则让人一头雾水，不知所云何物。当然，后者是失败的表达，即使作者在写作的过程中使用了再漂亮的词汇和句型，混乱的文章结构也不会让读者准确领悟作者的意图。

下面，让我们看看不同的文体题材所应用的不同篇章结构。

（一）记叙文体

记叙文主要是记叙所发生的事情和经历。常见的形式有：故事、日记、新闻报道、游记等。

记叙文的写作要素：

1 要交待清楚五要素的内容，即where, when, what, who ,how，给读者一个内容完整、细节清晰的故事。

2. 事情的叙述可以按时间或空间的顺序叙述，让读者易于把握所叙述内容之间的内在关联，从而理解文章主题。

3. 时态通常使用与过去有关的时态，如一般过去时。

记叙文的篇章结构：

开头the beginning——交待必要的背景。如：时间、地点、人物等。

中间the middle——交待故事情节（事情的主体）。如：事件的发生、发展和前因后果。（可以使用表示时间或空间的连接词，使文章连贯。如：at first…then…few minutes later…）

结尾the en你到底想说什么——事情的结果或感想、愿望等。（所表达的感想或愿望应与所记叙的内容有关系，起到扣题或点题的作用，使文章结构紧凑）。

例如NEMT2000

假设你是李华，正在美国探亲。2000年2月8日清晨，你目击了一起交通事故。警察局让你写一份材料，报告当时的所见情况。请根据下列图画写出报告。

注意：1. 目击者应该准确报告事实

2. 词数100左右

3. 结尾已为你写好

____________________________________________________________________________ About two minutes later I stopped a passing car and took the old man to the nearest hospital.

Li Hua

要点解析：仔细观察所提供的图画，寻找记叙文的写作要点。

1. 时间：2000年2月8日

2. 地点：公园路公园门前

3. 人物及场景：我正沿公园路向东走

4. 事件发生：一辆汽车从第三街向右拐，驶入公园路时撞倒了一位过街的老人。

5. 发展：汽车未停，沿公园路向西开走

6. 具体信息：汽车是黄色的，车牌号是AC864，司机是一位女性。

It was 7:15 on the morning of February 8,2000. I was （时间、地点、人物）

walking along Park Road towards the east when an elderly man

came out of the park on the other side of the street. Then I saw （事件的发生和发展）

a yellow car drive up Third Street and make a right turn into

Park Road. The next moment the car hit the man while he was

crossing the road. He fell with a cry. The car didn’t stop but （高潮）

drove off at great speed hea你到底想说什么west. I noticed the driver was a

young woman and the plate number was AC 864. About two （结尾）

minutes later I stopped a passing car and took the old man to

the nearest hospital.

Li Hua

（二）描写文体：

描写文是将题目提供的人物、事物、景观、地点等用生动、形象的语言描绘出来。在写作过程中记叙加描述，让被描写的对象在读者的脑海中有一幅清晰的画面。

描写文的写作要素：

1. 围绕主题，选好细节，使文章内容既丰富又紧凑。

2. 描写顺序恰当。写人时由上到下，由表及里。描写地点时通常由上到下，从里到外，由远到近。

3. 注意描写详略得当，重点突出。

4. 努力运用生动形象的语言，恰当运用形容词，并要避免重复单调地用词。

描写文的篇章结构：

写人：

开头the beginning——对该人物进行简要地介绍（如身份，职业等）

主体the main body——可以按照时间的顺序或在事件中的主次地位进行描述

结尾conclusion——对此人的评价或感想。

写物：

开头the beginning——对该物进行简要介绍（如大约位置）

主体the main body——按照空间顺序（上到下，左到右，里到外，远到近等）来描述此物，令读者在脑海中有一幅图画。

结尾conclusion——对此物的看法或感想。

NEMT 2003 全国

假设你是李华，你的英国笔友Bob将于九月到你所在的城市的建新华文学校学中文，来信请你在学校附近为他找一套住房。请根据图画提供的信息，写信介绍住房情况，并告知住房面积25平方米，月租500元。

注意：1. 词数100左右

2. 参考词汇：房租rent

Dear Bob,

_______________________________________________________________

Yours,

Li Hua

要点解析：认真观察两幅图后，确定表达要点

1. 公寓的设施：一室带浴室、厨房

2. 公寓的面积、家具（25平方米，床，沙发，书桌，椅子）

3. 公寓的位置：（芳草街，离学校一站远）

4. 月租500元

Dear Bob,

I’m so glad to learn that you’re coming September. I’ve （开头,表示欢迎）

found a place for you. It’s a smal l flat of 25 square meters, with （公寓的情况：面积和构成）

a bedroom, a bathroom and a kitchen. In the bedroom there is a （房间内部的设施）

bed., a sofa, a desk and a chair. The rent is 500 yuan per month. （月租）

The flat is in a built on Fangcao Street, which is no far from （公寓的位置和交通）

Jianxin Chinese School. And No.11 Bus can take you straight

to the school. In fact, it’s only one stop. Do you think you’d

like it? If no, I can try and find another place for you. Just let （结尾，询问是否喜欢）

me know.

Yours ,

Li Hua

（三）说明文体：

说明文是以说明的方式用简洁的文字介绍事物的特性、构造、变化或结果的文章。

说明文体的写作要点：

1. 抓住事物特征，安排好说明顺序，可以按时间顺序、空间顺序、或逻辑顺序（先因后果或先果后因），让读者一目了然。

2. 说明时要做到条理清楚，层次分明，语言简练，用词准确。

3. 说明文只是客观地介绍、解释事物，不带任何感情色彩，不需要生动的例证和解释细节。

4. 文章的时态通常是一般现在时，用于强调客观事实，被动语态也比较常见。

说明文的篇章结构：

开头the beginning——对要说明的事物或事情简要介绍（如：说明缘由）

主体the main body——按照题目提供的信息分层次，按一定顺序进行说明，注意语言客观而简明，说明内容在层次和顺序上具有内在的逻辑性。

结尾the en你到底想说什么——一两句收尾的句子，表示说明到此为止。(如题目没有特殊要求，不要写个人对此事物的看法或观点。)

（NEMT2005 全国）

假设你是李华，最近国内一家英文报纸正在讨论北京动物园是否应迁出市区。以下是你所在班级讨论的情况。请你给该报写一封信，反映讨论结果。

赞成迁出：反对迁出：

1. 顾客多，交通堵塞

2. 郊区环境好 1. 建于1906年，中外闻名2. 搬迁易造成动物死亡

注意：

1. 词数100左右，信的开头已为你写好。

2. 可根据内容要点适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

3. 参考词汇：郊区——suburb

July 5, 2005

Dear Editor,

Recently, our class have had a heated discussion about whether the Beijing Zoo should be moved out of the city.__________________________________________________________

Yours truly,

Li Hua

要点解析：

有两种意见：

1. 赞成的人的理由：1）顾客多，交通堵塞；2）郊区环境好

2. 反对的人的理由：1）建于1906年，中外闻名；2）搬迁易造成动物死亡

表达时注意理由的递进关系和因果关系.

Dear Editor,

Recently, our class have had a heated discussion about

whether the Beijing Zoo should be moved out of the city. Some (开头：交待讨论主题)

of my classmates are in favor of the move. They say large (有的人赞成迁出)

crowds of tourists to the zoo will result in traffic jams. They (赞成的理由1)

also say that once moved, animals will have more space and (赞成的理由2)

better living conditions in the suburbs.

However, other students are against the idea, saying that

the Beijing Zoo, built in 1906, has a history of 100 years, and is (有的人反对迁出)

well-known at home and abroad. So it should remain where it is. (反对理由1)

What’s more, moving may cause the death of some animals. (反对理由2)

To move or not, this is a big decision which has to be

made by people in Beijing.

Yours truly, (结尾：仍需作决定)

Li Hua

（四）应用文体：

应用文体是人们日常生活和工作中广泛使用的文体。书信、通知、请柬、便条、日记、演讲稿、履历表等都是常见的应用文体。

应用文体的写作要点：

1. 应用文的语言一般来说都比较规范，有它们特定的语言表达方式，在平时就要积累不同文体的常见套话。（如开头和结尾的套话要运用恰当，符合文体特点。）

2. 应用文的目的在于传达给众人基本信息，如理由、时间、地点、参加人、活动内容等，在写作时要注意这些要点的明确体现。

3. 应用文的语言重在实用，力求语言平实、准确、简洁，句子不要过长，让读者一眼就明白文章想要表达的要点。

4. 不同的文体会采用不同的时态，如：日记一般用过去时，通知和请柬采用一般现在时和将来时等。

应用文体的篇章结构：

开头：the beginning——不同的应用文会有不同的开篇套话来交待事由。

如：书信——I am glad to receive your letter. In your letter, you asked me about … Here is my idea. Many thanks for your last kind letter. In your letter…

通知——Ladies and gentlemen, may I have your attention please?

I have something important to tell you.

日记——This afternoon, I went to …

求职信——I wish to apply for the position of …

主体：the main body——用简单明了的语言将试题提示用英语表达出来，包含全部的基本信息。表达顺序基本为时间、地点、参加人、活动内容等。

结尾：the en你到底想说什么——用不同文体的套话来结束文章。

如：书信——I am looking forward to hearing from you soon.

Please give my regard to your family.

通知——That’s all. Thank you very much.

日记——Though we were very tired, we felt very happy.

求职信——If you consider my application, please let me know. I am looking forward to hearing from you. Thanks a lot.

（NEMT2004 全国）

假设你是李华，你的美国老师Miss Morgan 要求你们明天下午去听一个美国历史的讲座。你因故不能参加。请你根据以下要点，写一封信向Miss Morgan请假。

内容要点：

1. 表示歉意

2. 理由：去机场接人

3. 询问：是否有录音，以便补听讲座

注意：1. 词数100字

2. 可根据内容要点适当增加细节，以使行文连贯

Dear Miss Morgan,

_________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely,

Li Hua

解析：短文必须包括的要点:

1. 对听讲座请假并表示歉意

2. 机场接人

3. 是否有录音

4. 补听录音

篇章解析：

Possible version:

Dear Miss Morgan,

I am so sorry that I won’t be ab le to attend the lecture on (表明对听讲座请假) American history tomorrow afternoon. My uncle is returning (请假缘由)

home from France, and I have promised to meet him at the

airport at 3:30 tomorrow afternoon.

I am very much interested in American society and history. (询问讲座录音的事)

I wonder if it is possible for the talk to be recorded. And if so,

could I borrow the tape? It would mean a great deal to me to (希望补听录音)

listen to the tape and learn what is covered in the talk.

Yours sincerely,

Li Hua

高考英语冲刺：篇章结构题型解题技巧知识讲解

高考冲刺：篇章结构题型解题技巧 题型介绍 “六选五”、“七选五”题型 试题特点 给出一篇缺少5个句子的文章，对应有六个或七个选项，要求考生根据文章结构、内容，选出正确的句子，填入相应的空白处。主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。（考试说明） 选项特点：主旨概括句（文章整体内容）； 过渡性句子（文章结构）； 注释性句子（上下文逻辑意义） 正确选项大致可分为两类： 1. 段落的小标题或者起概括总结作用的主旨句， 2. 在逻辑上或者文章结构上起承上启下作用的过渡句。 阅读填空题 试题特点 要求考生在读完一篇短文后，根据文中相关的内容，填写表格。它要求考生归纳概括文中的要点，并根据一定的线索把相关的内容以表格的形式有序地表达出来。阅读填空属于综合能力考查题，强调主观表述，主要考查考生综合运用语言知识的能力。它既考查考生快速获取信息的能力，也考查组织信息、表达信息的能力。 测试要求 1. 对文章中所提供的关键信息的正确判断和采集。 2. 适当的句型转换。 3. 正确地使用英语解释英语。 4. 对原文细节信息的正确理解。 5. 对主旨大意的归纳。 解题技巧 “六选五”、“七选五”题型 解题策略： 如果问题在段首，通常是段落主题句。认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找同义词或其他相关的词，推断出主题句。关注每段首尾句，了解大意知主题如果空格出现在段中，这时要根据空格前后的句子意思、备选选项的句子意思以及句子之间的逻辑关系来确定答案 如果问题在段尾，通常是结论、概括性语句。注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词，如therefore, as a result, thus, hence, in short, to sum up, to conclude, in a word等词

高考英语二轮复习专题07阅读理解Ⅳ：篇章结构题

专题7 阅读理解Ⅳ：篇章结构题 班级姓名学号分数 （测试时间：45分钟） 1.【黑龙江省佳木斯市第一中学2018届高三上学期第五次调研】C The Indian government may use 3D paintings as virtual speed-breakers on major highways arid roads, in an attempt to check speeding and careless driving, and eventually make its deadly roads a little safer. “We are trying out 3D paintings used as virtual speed breakers to avoid unnecessary requirements of speed breakers,” India's transport minister Nitin Gadkari tweeted. The visual illusions (幻象）are supposed to encourage drivers to slow down automatically. Earlier this month, India had ordered the removal of all speed breakers from highways, which are considered to be a danger to safety for high-speed vehicles. India has the highest number of road accident deaths in the world. According to the World Health Organisation, over 200,00 people are killed by road accidents due to poor application of road safety laws. This is considerably higher than its official figures of 141,526 for 2014. The use of visual illusions as speed breakers was first pioneered in the American city of Philadelphia in 2008, as part of a campaign against speeding motorists. The technique has also been tried out in China to create floating 3D crossings. In India, cities such as Ahmedabad and Chennai have already experimented with 3D zebra crossings in the last one year. In Ahmedabad for instance, two artists, mother and daughter have painted 3D crosswalks in the first few months of this year. The artists say their motto is “to increase the attention of drivers”, and that the concept has been successfully tested in zones where accidents easily occur on a highway.” However, critics argue that once drivers know that these speed breakers arc visual illusions, they may ignore them. Others also point out that India's decision does not consider the safety of a large number of walkers. In the end, the new policy may be just one step towards improving road safety. 10. The author explains the experiment of 3D zebra crossings in India by . A. giving examples. B. analysing causes. C. providing figures. D. making comparisons. 【答案】10. D

专题07阅读理解Ⅳ：篇章结构题(讲)2019年高考英语二轮复习含解析

【构建知识体系】 篇章结构题考点段落层次、写作方法和行文走势 【考纲解读】 考试大纲要求考纲解读要求考生阅读4篇短 文，从每题所给的4个选 项中选出最佳选项。题材广泛，包括科普、社会、文化、政治、经济等多方面内容。体裁多样，以记叙文、议论文、说明文为主。考查主旨 大意、细节 理解、推理 判断、词义 猜测、篇章 结构等题 型。 篇章结构题的考查对象是整个篇章或其中的某个段落。考查同学们在理解全文的基础上对文章所 描述事件的发展顺序、所说明事物的结构层次或在 论述观点过程中使用的方法进行推测、归纳和总结 的能力。 【剖析全国高考真题】——预测高考命题方向 B【2018·天津卷】 When I was 17, I read a magazine article about a museum called the McNay, once the home of a watercolorist named Marian McNay. She had requested the community to turn it into a museum upon her death. On a sunny Saturday, Sally and I drove over to the museum. She asked, "Do you have the address? ""No, but I'll recognize it, there was a picture in the magazine. " "Oh, stop. There it is!” The museum was free. We entered, excited. A group of people sitting in the hall stopped talking and stared at us. "May I help you?" a man asked. "No, "I said. "We're fine.” Tour guides got on my nerves. What if they talked a long time about a painting you weren't that interested in? Sally had gone upstairs. The people in the hall seemed very nosy(爱窥探的), keeping their eyes on me with curiosity. What was their problem? I saw some nice sculptures in one

专题07阅读理解Ⅳ：篇章结构题(练)2017年高考二轮复习英语(附解析)

2017届高三二轮复习英语精品资料【练案】 专题7 阅读理解Ⅳ：篇章结构题 1.[2016·北京卷] D Why college is not home The college years are supposed to be a time for important growth in autonomy(自主性) and the development of adult identity. However, now they are becoming an extended period of adolescence, during which many of today's students are not shouldered with adult responsibilities. For previous generations, college was a decisive break from parental control; guidance and support needed to come from people of the same age and from within. In the past two decades, however, continued connection with and dependence on family, thanks to cellphones, e-mail and social media, have increased significantly. Some parents go so far as to help with coursework. Instead of promoting the idea of college as a passage from the shelter of the family to autonomy and adult responsibility, universities have given in to the idea that they should provide the same environment as that of the home. To prepare for increased autonomy and responsibility, college needs to be a time of exploration and experimentation. This process involves “trying on ” new ways of thinking about oneself both intellectually(在思维方面) and personally. While we should provide “safe spaces” within colleges, we must also make it safe to express opinions and challenge majority views. Intellectual growth and flexibility are fostered by strict debate and questioning. Learning to deal with the social world is equally important. Because a college community(群体) differs from the family, many students will struggle to find a sense of belonging. If students rely on administrators to regulate their social behaviour and thinking pattern, they are not facing the challenge of finding an identity within a larger and complex community. Moreover, the tendency for universities to monitor and shape student behaviour runs up against another characteristic of young adults: the response to being controlled by their elders. If acceptable social behaviour is too strictly defined(规定) and controlled, the insensitive or

高考英语阅读篇章结构题解题技巧

高考英语阅读篇章结构题解题技巧 阅读理解占有较大的分值,掌握有效的解题技巧可以有效快速解题, 高考英语阅读篇章结构题解题技巧 1． 确定指代关系。最常见的提问方式是：The underlined word “they/it/…” in paragraph… refers to… … 2． 对句子意义或作用的理解。最常见的提问方式是：The sentence “… …” in paragraph … means ….; The example of … …in para….is used to illustrate/show … …. 3． 对段落大意或段落作用的理解。最常见的提问方式是：The last paragraph mainly tell us that … …; The purpose of writing Paragraph … is …. …. 4． 对文章组织结构的理解。最常见的提问方式是：How is the passage organized?；Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? 在上述几类题中考生感觉难做的题是第四类, 这类题是近两年来出现的主要考查议论文结构的命题新方式,且逐步

得到语言教育专家们的认可。并逐步推广到对其他文体结构的考查。分析这一类的题我们看出：对文章组织结构的考查不外乎两个层次。一是按段落的组织方法理解文章的结构，一是按写作方法（论证方法）理解文章的结构。 首先，看看这样考查从段落层次理解文章的结构。这类题经常用到的提问方式是：Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? 常见的段落结构有如下几种情况： 图1表明：①（Paragraph 1）是主题段（提出论题或论点），②、③段是就同一论据或者问题的同一方面作论述，④用另一论据材料或者从问题的另一方面论述，⑤段是结论段或者是用来重述论题、强调论点的段落。同样我们很容易理解图2、3、4所示的段落结构的意义。 下面具体看看 The twentieth century saw greater changes than any century before changes for the better, changes for the worse, changes that brought a lot of benefits to human beings, changes that put man in danger .Many things caused the changes, but, in my opinion, the most important was the progress in science.

高考现代文阅读篇章结构类试题答题思路

高考现代文阅读篇章结构类试题答题思路 高考阅读 2009-10-28 2230 高考现代文阅读篇章结构类试题答题思路 高考现代文阅读常常从内容、结构、感情、语言等方面设置问题，考查学生的阅读能力。下面就谋篇布局（行文结构或者行文思路）进行相关探究和归纳。 一、先积累与谋篇布局相关的术语： 1、文首：开篇点题，开门见山；照应题目；总领全文，提挈全篇，提纲挈领；渲染气氛；埋下伏笔；设置悬念，制造波澜；为下文作铺垫。 2、文中：承上启下；总领下文；总结上文；前后呼应；前后勾连，环环相扣；衔接自然连贯；过渡照应。 3、文末：点明中心；升华感情，深化主题；照应开头，结构严谨；画龙点睛；言有尽而意无穷；首尾呼应；卒章显志，深化主旨。 4、线索，起到组织材料、贯穿全文的作用。 5、起承合，曲折有致。 6、欲扬先抑，欲抑先扬，先抑后扬，先扬后抑。 7、总分得当；层层深入；以小见大，以点带面。 二、注意提问的方式： 1、某句（段）话在文中有什么作用？ 2、指出文章的结构方式，并作简要分析。 3、请具体分析文章的行文思路。 4、简析文章的结构特征或者文章在谋篇布局上有什么特点。

三、掌握一定的答题模式： 1、相关术语＋具体文章的内容＋感情、文章主旨 2、文章是（）结构方式。第一层写了（），第二层写了（）…… 3、文章以（）为线索。开头写（），中间写（），结尾写了（）。 4、先答出结构的特征，然后结合文章具体分析。 四、揣摩高考试题，不断加深印象，逐步使答题趋于规范。 （一）、2008四川卷《我爱水》17题（8分）文章主要写什刹海，却又从“我爱水”写起，为什么这样写？请简要分析。 1、一开始写“我爱水”，照应了标题，并与文章的结尾相呼应。 2、一开始写“我爱水”，可由眼前之水过渡到故都之水，使行文自然巧妙；文章的主旨是表达对什刹海的喜爱和思念之情，因而写什刹海的篇幅比较多。 （二）、2008江西卷《朦胧的敬意》17题（6分）指出文章的结构方式，并作简要分析。 这篇文章采用了“总-分-总”的结构方式。1、2段总写对死人的不同的心理感受。3到10段分写：3、4、5写为鲁迅守灵的所见所感，6到10段写回忆幼时瞻仰孙中山先生遗体时的所见所感及对自己的深远影响。11、12两段总结全文，点明主题，表达敬意，照应标题。 （三）、2008湖北卷《雾》19题（6分）本文以雾为线索，请具体分析文章的行文思路。 1、开篇说“不喜欢”雾。 2、来到加德满都后，开始“喜欢”“欣赏”“赞美”加德满都的雾景。 3、雾引发了的理性思考。 4、最终“陶醉”在雾景的幻想之中。 （四）、2007湖南卷《忆刘半农》简析本文的结构特征，写成300字左右的文章。 ①本文以时间为线索，以的思想感情为中心，安排材料，叙事写人。文章多处出现了表示时间的词或短语，时间线索十分明显。在叙述之中，文章紧紧

高考英语作文写作基础—篇章结构

高考英语作文写作基础——篇章结构 一. 教学内容： 高考写作专题——篇章结构 纵观历年的高考书面表达，其文体题材各异，有书信、口头通知、简介、日记、自我介绍、记叙文、描写文、说明文、看图作文等，不同的体裁需要考生应用适当的篇章结构，将题目所提供的信息清晰、明了、准确，逻辑合理地表达出来。 篇章结构在语言表达中起着非常重要的作用，同样的信息点会因为不同的表达顺序传达出不同的信息。层次分明，逻辑合理的篇章结构会让读者在很短的时间内获得并准确理解题目所规定的信息；而叙述顺序混乱，前言不搭后语的篇章则让人一头雾水，不知所云何物。当然，后者是失败的表达，即使作者在写作的过程中使用了再漂亮的词汇和句型，混乱的文章结构也不会让读者准确领悟作者的意图。 下面，让我们看看不同的文体题材所应用的不同篇章结构。 （一）记叙文体 记叙文主要是记叙所发生的事情和经历。常见的形式有：故事、日记、新闻报道、游记等。记叙文的写作要素： 1 要交待清楚五要素的内容，即where, when, what, who ,how，给读者一个内容完整、细节清晰的故事。 2. 事情的叙述可以按时间或空间的顺序叙述，让读者易于把握所叙述内容之间的内在关联，从而理解文章主题。 3. 时态通常使用与过去有关的时态，如一般过去时。 记叙文的篇章结构： 开头the beginning——交待必要的背景。如：时间、地点、人物等。 中间the middle——交待故事情节（事情的主体）。如：事件的发生、发展和前因后果。（可以使用表示时间或空间的连接词，使文章连贯。如：at first…then…few minutes later…） 结尾the ending——事情的结果或感想、愿望等。（所表达的感想或愿望应与所记叙的内容有关系，起到扣题或点题的作用，使文章结构紧凑）。 例如NEMT2000 假设你是李华，正在美国探亲。2000年2月8日清晨，你目击了一起交通事故。警察局让你写一份材料，报告当时的所见情况。请根据下列图画写出报告。 注意：1. 目击者应该准确报告事实 2. 词数100左右 3. 结尾已为你写好 ____________________________________________________________________________ About two minutes later I stopped a passing car and took the old man to the nearest hospital. Li Hua 要点解析：仔细观察所提供的图画，寻找记叙文的写作要点。 1. 时间：2000年2月8日 2. 地点：公园路公园门前

D_阅读理解之篇章结构题——真题再现

阅读理解之篇章结构题——真题再现【2015·陕西】 The production of coffee beans is a huge, profitable business, but, unfortunately, full- sun production is taking over the industry and bringing about a lot of damage. The cha nge in how coffee is grown from shade-grown production to full- sun production endangers the very existence of, certain animals and birds, and even di sturbs the world’s ecological balance. On a local level, the damage of the forest required by full- sun fields affects the area’s birds and animals. The shade of the forest trees provides a home for birds and other special(物种) that depend on the trees’ flowers and fruits. Full-sun coffee growers destroy this forest home. As a result, many special are quickly dying out. On a more global level, the destruction of the rainforest for full- sun coffee fields also threatens(威胁)human life. Medical research often makes use of the forests' plant and animal life, and the destruction of such species could prevent researchers fro m finding cures for certain diseases. In addition, new coffee- growing techniques are poisoning the water locally, and eventually the world's ground water. Both locally and globally, the continued spread of full-sun coffee plantations (种植园)could mean the destruction of the rainforest ecology. The loss of shade trees is already causing a slight change in the world's climate, and studies show that loss of oxygen- giving trees also leads to air pollution and global warming. Moreover, the new growin g techniques are contributing to acidic(酸性的) soil conditions. It is obvious that the way much coffee is grown affects many aspects many aspec ts of life, from the local environment to the global ecology. But consumers do have a choice. They can purchase shade-

(浙江专版)高考英语二轮复习专题限时集训21阅读理解训练7篇章结构题

专题限时集训(二十一) 阅读理解 训练7 篇章结构题 A (2016·广东省五校协作体联考) There are many places to go on safari in Africa，but riding a horse through the flooded waters of Botswana's Okavango Delta must rank as one of the world's most exciting wildlife journeys. Several safari camps operate as the base for this adventure，providing unique rides twice a day to explore deep into the delta.The camps have excellent horses，professional guides and lots of support workers.They have a reputation for providing a great riding experience. The morning ride，when the guides take you to beautiful，shallow lakes full of water lilies，tends to be more active.It is unlike any other riding experience with rainbows forming in the splashing water around you and the sound of huge drops of water bouncing off your body and face.It is truly exciting.You are very likely to come across large wild animals，too.On horseback it is possible to get quite close to elephants，giraffes and many other animals.The sense of excitement and tension levels rise suddenly though， and so does your heart rate，as you move closer to them. In the evening，rides are usually at a more relaxed and unhurried pace， with golden light streaming across the grassy delta and the animals coming out Sedate to eat and drink. rides though they are, at this time of day are still very impressive.As the sun's rays pass through the dust kicked up by the horses，the romance of Africa comes to life. Back at the camp you can kick off your boots and enjoy excellent food and wine.Looking back on your day，you will find it hard to deny that a horseback safari is as close as you will ever come to answering the call of the wild. 本文主要介绍了非洲的游猎。 1．What does the author find most exciting about a horse safari? A．Seeing and feeling the real African life. B．Enjoying good food and wine at the camp. C．Hunting large animals just as our ancestors did. D．Being part of the scene and getting close to animals.

高考英语二轮复习专题07阅读理解Ⅳ：篇章结构题讲含解析

专题7 阅读理解Ⅳ：篇章结构题 【构建知识体系】 2012-2017年全国高考本专题考查分布明细统计 【考纲解读】 【剖析全国高考真题】——预测高考命题方向 [2012·全国卷Ⅰ，D] Grown-ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practicedeversince. A manwhohas not had a chance to go swimming for years canstill

swim as well as ever when he gets backin the water. He can get on a bicycle after many years andstill ride away. He can play catch and hit a ball as well as his son. A mother who has not thought about the words for years can teach her daughter the poem that begins "Twinkle, twinkle, little star" or remember the story of Cinderella or Goldilocks and the Three Bears. One explanation is the law ofoverlearning, which can be stated as follows: Once we have learned something, additional learning trials(尝试) increase the length of time we will remember it. In childhood we usually continue to practice such skills as swimming, bicycle riding, and playingbaseball long after we have learned them. We continue to listen to and remind ourselves of words suchas "Twinkle, twinkle, little star" and childhood tales such as Cinderella and Goldilocks. We not onlylearn but overlearn. The multiplication tables(乘法口诀表) are an exception to the general rule that we forget rather quickly the things that we learn in school, because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood. The law of overlearning explains why cramming(突击学习)for an examination, though it may result in a passing grade, is not a satisfactory way to learn a college course. By cramming, a studentmay learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination, but he is likely soon to forget almosteverything he learned. A little overlearning, on the other hand, is really necessary for one's future development. 68.The author explains the law of overlearning by_________. A. presenting research findings B. setting down general rules C. making a comparison D. using examples 【答案】68. D 【解析】

考研英语：阅读理解篇章结构分析

考研英语：阅读理解篇章结构分析 阅读理解题是考研英语的重点，考生在总结解题技巧的同时也应该关注一下阅读理解的篇章结构特点，下面是总结的对阅读理解的几种结构特点，希望能给考生一些帮助。 (一)花开两朵型 文章开始提出两个核心概念，随后分段论述。把握这种文章的关键是注意这两个核心概念的定义，以及它们的区别和联系。这种结构分为两类，一种是两个概念是并列的，另一种是两个概念形成对比，对于后一种文章要注意两个概念之间的区别，以及作者对各自的态度。 (二)现象——解释型 在现象——解释型的文章中，作者在文章开始给出一个现象，相当于提出一个问题，然后对现象进行 解释或分析现象或问题产生的原因，存在的因数以及可能解决方案，作者可能提到几个不同的解决方案，但是之后作者自己认可的那种解决方案才是文章的重点和主题;在文章最后对现象或问题进行总结说明并进一步强调作者支持的那种解决办法。 (三)层层递进型 全文论述从抽象到具体，从简单到复杂，文章开始是对有关主题的一般介绍，然后一步一步将主题具体化。这类文章的各段开始常出现表示递进关系的副词，如inadditionto，furthermore，moreover等，文章的主题一般可以通过综合各段首句得出。 (四)一枝独秀型 全文围绕一个核心概念展开，文章围绕着这个概念、中心思想或者现象，从各个方面进行分析和解释说明，最后对文章进行总结，并再一次对该概念、中心思想进行阐述。 (五)问题——解决方案型 在这类文章中，作者首先提出一个问题，然后针对这一问题给出解决方案。如果有多个解决方案，作者认可的才是主题。 除了文章结构外，对于报刊杂志体文章时文的一般特点也应有所了解，因为这种文章在考研阅读中占有极大比重。报刊杂志体文章的主要特点有： 1.引人入胜。通常以一个有趣或吸引人的故事或背景开始。 2.抛砖引玉。讲故事或交代背景的目的在于引出主题。所以，时文的主题常出现于首段的最后一句话或第二段的首句。 3.假装客观。作者开始不说出自己的观点，貌似客观地陈述各派观点，最后才表达自己的观点。在确定作者态度的时候，主要根据所举的例子进行判断。如果例子表现一种正面态

高考英语-阅读理解Ⅳ：篇章结构题(讲)-专题练习(七)(含答案)

高考英语专题练习（七） 阅读理解Ⅳ:篇章结构题（讲） 一、阅读理解 Grown-ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced ever since. A man who has not had a chance to go swimming for years can still swim as well as ever when he gets back in the water. He can get on a bicycle after many years and still ride away. He can play catch and hit a ball as well as his son. A mother who has not thought about the words for years can teach her daughter the poem that begins "Twinkle, twinkle, little star" or remember the story of Cinderella or Goldilocks and the Three Bears. One explanation is the law of overlearning, which can be stated as follows: Once we have learned something, additional learning trials(尝试) increase the length of time we will remember it. In childhood we usually continue to practice such skills as swimming, bicycle riding, and playing baseball long after we have learned them. We continue to listen to and remind ourselves of words such as “Twinkle, twinkle, little star”and childhood tales such as Cinderella and Goldilocks. We not only learn but overlearn. The multiplication tables(乘法口诀表)are an exception to the general rule that we forget rather quickly the things that we learn in school, because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood. The law of overlearning explains why cramming(突击学习) for an examination, though it may result in a passing grade, is not a satisfactory way to learn a college course. By cramming, a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination, but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned. A little overlearning, on the other hand, is really necessary for one's future development. 1．The author explains the law of over learning by（） A．presenting research findings

高考专题复习阅读理解观点态度及篇章结构

高考专题复习阅读理解观点态度及篇章结构 一、观点态度题 阅读是读者跟作者交流的过程，把握作者的写作意图需要读者有较高层次的阅读和理解能力。在高考题型中主要考察读者对作者态度观点的理解以及作者对某些细节描述的意图。 1.题干形式： 1) ’s ’’s … ? 2) … ? 3) … ? 4) ? 5) …? 6) ’s … . 2.解题策略： 1)切忌用自己的观点代替作者的观点 2)利用语境的褒贬性进行信息推断,找出褒贬性的标志性词汇或句子。 3)分清选项中的表示支持或肯定、中立、反对或否定的词语 3. 常见的有关作者情感态度的词语： 表示贬义 表示褒义 表示中立 二、篇章结构题 1、设问方式 (1) ? (2) ，... (3) ... (4) ?

(5) ... 2、题型攻略 题型可分为两种：考查对文章整体结构的把握； 考查根据现有文章预测后文的能力。 （1）对于文章整体结构——考生要弄清段落意义和段落之间的关系，就很容易理解其结构解决此类题关键在于找出篇章或段落中表示层次发展的关键词，如表示时间、方位、因果关系或对比的关联词等。 一是按段落的组织方法理解文章的结构 一是按写作方法（论证方法）理解文章的结构 A. 考查从段落层次理解文章的结构。这类题经常用到的提问方式是： ? 常见的段落结构有如下几种情况： ①①①① ②③②②③④ ④③④ ⑤⑤⑤②③④⑤ 图1 图2 图3 图4 图1表明：①（ 1）是主题段（提出论题或论点），②、③段是就同一论据或者问题的同一方面作论述，④用另一论据材料或者从问题的另一方面论述，⑤段是结论段或者是用来重述论题、强调论点的段落。同样我们很容易理解图2、3、4所示的段落结构的意义。 B. 从写作方法，常见的议论文结构有以下两类： a. a →→这就是“提出问题、分析问题、解决问题”的过程； b. →→ 这就是“由论点到论据到结论或者强调论点”的过程。 对说明文、夹叙夹议类文章结构的理解，只要我们弄清段落意义和段落之间的关系，很容易理解其结构。 (2) 根据现有文章预测后文的能力——同学们要在正确理解篇章内容的基础上对文章的发展作出合理的推断。同学们需要重点依据篇章最后一段(特别是最后一句话)作出判断.作者总会给读者充分的证据对文章的发展进行推测:或是说明了两个对象中的一个;或是只讲了区别,没讲联系；或是只给出了理论解释，而缺少事例的证明. （1）