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plat-e病毒包装细胞文献

Gene Therapy (2000)7,1063–1066

?2000Macmillan Publishers Ltd All rights reserved 0969-7128/00$https://www.wendangku.net/doc/b813236593.html,/gt

VIRAL TRANSFER TECHNOLOGY BRIEF COMMUNICATION

Plat-E:an ef?cient and stable system for transient packaging of retroviruses

S Morita,T Kojima and T Kitamura

Department of Hematopoietic Factors,Institute of Medical Science,University of Tokyo,4-6-1Shirokanedai Minato-ku,Tokyo 108-8639,Japan

A potent retrovirus packaging cell line named Platinum-E (Plat-E)was generated based on the 293T cell line.Plat-E is superior to existing packaging cell lines regarding ef?ciency,stability and safety.The novel packaging constructs utilized in establishment of Plat-E ensure high and stable expression of viral structural proteins.Conventional packaging con-structs made use of the promoter of MuLV-LTR for expression of viral structural genes gag-pol and env,while our packaging constructs utilized the EF1?promoter,which is 100-fold more potent than the MuLV-LTR in 293T cells in combination with the Kozak’s consensus sequence upstream of the initiation codon resulting in high expression Keywords:packaging cell;retroviruses;ecotropic;EF1?promoter

Retroviral vectors and packaging cells are important tools for gene transfer applications.Introduction of retroviral vectors containing the gene of interest into suitable pack-aging cells enables production of infectious retroviruses,and these particles can infect target cells and stably trans-mit the gene of interest into chromosomes.In conven-tional strategies,stable high producers of a retrovirus vector harboring a gene of interest were established by transducing the retrovirus construct into NIH3T3-based packaging cells such as PA317,1and 2–3months were usually needed to acquire high producers.Pear et al 2developed a unique packaging system by which high titer retroviruses can be obtained in 3days by transient transfection.The expression of viral structural genes was driven by the MuLV LTR in Bosc23cells.For transient transfection,the combination of Bosc23cells and the pMX-neo vector 3produced 1–3×106/ml viruses,assessed based on the number of neomycin resistant col-onies of the infected NIH3T3cells (data not shown).Since Bosc23cells carry the large T antigen,we attempted to increase titers of the retroviruses by introducing the SV40origin to the pMX vector for ampli?cation of the vector.However,this proved unfeasible (data not shown),sug-gesting that the limiting factor was the expression level of the viral structural proteins in the packaging cells.Bosc23was obtained by cotransfection of the plasmid encoding gag-pol together with the plasmid encoding the hygromycin-resistant gene and the plasmid encoding env

Correspondence:T Kitamura

Received 3November 1999;accepted 3March 2000of virus structural proteins in Plat-E cells.To maintain the high titers of retroviruses under drug selection pressure,we inserted the IRES (internal ribosome entry site)sequence between the gene encoding gag-pol or env,and the gene encoding a selectable marker in the packaging constructs.Plat-E cells can stably produce retroviruses with an average titer of 1×107/ml for at least 4months.In addition,as we used only the coding sequences of viral structural genes to avoid inclusion of unnecessary retrovirus sequences in the packaging constructs,the probability of generating the repli-cation competent retroviruses (RCR)by recombination can virtually be ruled out.Gene Therapy (2000)7,1063–1066.

together with the plasmid encoding another selection gene GPT (guanine phosphoribosyl transferase),one after the other.Therefore,expression of selectable markers did not guarantee the expression of gag-pol or env genes,which may account for the instability of the cells in producing high-titer retroviruses.

A similar packaging cell line Phoenix-E 4has also been developed.In Phoenix-E cells,the plasmids encoding the gag-pol and env genes were cotransfected with selection markers,which did not warrant the stable expression of the gag-pol and env genes in the selection drug,hygromy-cin and diphtheria toxin,respectively.There were several improvements in the Phoenix-E cells when compared with Bosc23cells.First,the RSV and CMV promoters,which are much stronger than MuLV-LTR in 293T cells,were used to express the gag-pol and env genes,respect-ively.Second,the internal ribosome entry site (IRES 5)sequence was used to express gag-pol and a cell surface marker CD8simultaneously which enables sorting of high expressers of the gag-pol gene.However,one needs to sort cells from time to time to maintain the expression levels of the gag-pol gene.

To design a packaging cell line which can stably pro-duce retroviruses with high titer,we searched for a strong promoter to drive expression of viral structural proteins in 293T cells using the FACS-GAL assay.6Among seven promoters tested,the EF1?and CMV pro-moters induced high expression of lacZ (Figure 1).The activities driven by these promoters were 100-fold higher than those by LTR utilized in Bosc23cells,and even exceeded those by SV40and SR ?promoters,which enable ampli?cation of vectors in 293T cells expressing

Plat-E:a system for transient packaging of retroviruses

S Morita et al

1064 Gene

Therapy

Figure1Activities of various promoters in293T cells.The activities of

the seven promoters,SV40,SR?,EF1?,RSV,TK,MuLV LTR and CMV

were evaluated by expression of lacZ under the control of each promoter in

293T7cells by the FACS-GAL assay as described.6Brie?y,cells(1×106)

transfected with each promoter construct were suspended in50?l of phos-

phate buffered saline(PBS),then incubated for5min at37°C.FDG

(?uorescein di-?-d-galactopyranoside;Molecular Probes,Eugene,OR,

USA)was dissolved in distilled water,warmed at37°C and50?l of2

m m FDG solution was added to50?l of cell suspension.After1min of

incubation at37°C,1ml of PBS was added followed by incubation on ice

for2h.To stop the reaction,20?l of50m m PETG(phenylethyl-?-d-

thiogalactoside;Sigma,St Louis,MO,USA)was added,and the prep-

aration was placed on ice until being subjected to FACS analysis.

the SV40large T antigen.Because we thought that the

promoters of housekeeping genes were more suitable

than the viral promoters for driving stable gene

expression in mammalian cells,we used the EF1?pro-

moter to express the viral structural proteins in293T cells

(Figure2).In addition,IRES was inserted between the

gag-pol or env gene and the selection marker in the pack-

aging constructs described here.Therefore,expression of

the selection marker is a direct re?ection of gag-pol or env

expression in the same cells.

Packaging constructs pEnv-IRES-puro r and pGag-pol-

IRES-bs r,which were constructed as described above,

were sequentially transfected into293T cells and50sub-

clones resistant to both puromycin and blasticidin were

isolated.Among50subclones,clone1named Platinum-

E(Plat-E)produced the retrovirus which had the highest

infection ef?ciency and was used for further analysis.The

titer of the retroviruses was about1×107/ml when tested

on NIH3T3cells,using serially diluted virus super-

natants of Plat-E cells transfected with pMX-lacZ(data

not shown).We next compared early passages of Plat-E

cells with those of Bosc23cells and Phoenix-E cells with

regards to long-term stability to produce high-titer retro-

viruses by transient transfection(Figure3).Culture con-

ditions of the three packaging cell lines were as follows:

Bosc23cells were grown in DMEM with10%fetal bovine

serum containing the GPT selection reagents as indicated

by the manufacturer(Specialty Media,Lavallette,NJ,

USA).Phoenix-E cells were sorted by FACS for

expression of CD8and maintained in DMEM with

10%

Figure2Schematic diagrams of packaging constructs.The packaging

constructs used for development of Plat-E are shown.The fragment carry-

ing the selectable marker,the blasticidin resistant gene(bs r)or the puro-

mycin resistant gene(puro r),was obtained by PCR using a pair of oligo-

nucleotides(for bs r:5?-AAAACATTTAACATTTCTCAACAAG-3?,5?-

ACGCGTCGACTTAATTTCGGGTATATTTGAGTG-3?,for puro r:5?-

ACCGAGTACAAGCCCACG-3?,5?-ACGCAGATCTTCAGGCACCG

GGCTTG-3?),and were inserted in the NcoI and SalI site(for bs r),or in

the NcoI and BglII site(for puro r)of pMX-IRES-EGFP.8The fragments

containing the IRES sequence and either of bs r and puro r were excised

from the vector by NotI and SalI for bs r,or NotI and BglII for puro r,

respectively.The viral structural genes,gag-pol and env were ampli?ed

by PCR,using the MoMuLV genome as a template,and the oligonucleo-

tide primers were used as follows.Each primer contains either the EcoRI

site or the NotI site(underlined)and the5?primers also contain a Kozak’s

consensus sequence GCCGCCACC located upstream of the initiation

codon.gag-pol:5?-CGAATTCGCCGCCACCATGGGCCAGACTGTT

ACCACTCCCTTAA-3?;5?-TACGCGGCCGCTCTGAGCATCAGAA

GAA-3?;env:5?-cGAATTCGCCGCCACCATGGCGCGTTCAACGCT

CTCAAAA-3?;5?-TACGCGGCCGCTATGGCTCGTACTCTAT-3?.The

resulting PCR fragments were digested with the EcoRI and the NotI frag-

ment.Finally,the fragment containing the viral structural genes,and the

fragment containing the IRES sequence and the selection marker were

inserted downstream of the EF1?promoter in the pCHO vector,a deriva-

tive of pEF-BOS.9For construction of the pGag-pol-IRES-bs r,pCHO was

digested with BamHI,and converted to a blunt end by Klenow reaction,

and then ligated with SalI linker(Stratagene,La Jolla,CA,USA).The

EcoRI–NotI fragment of gag-pol,and the NotI–SalI fragment of IRES-bs r

were inserted into the EcoRI and the SalI site of pCHO by triple ligation.

To construct pEnv-IRES-puro r,pCHO was digested with EcoRI and

BamHI,and the EcoRI–NotI fragment of env,and the NotI–SalI fragment

of IRES-puro r were inserted into the EcoRI and the BamHI sites of pCHO.

Packaging constructs pEnv-IRES-puro r and pGag-pol-IRES-bs r were

sequentially transfected into293T cells using Fugene(Boehringer

Mannheim,Germany)according to the manufactuer’s recommendations.

One day after transfection with pEnv-IRES-puro r,293T cells were selected

in DMEM containing1?g/ml puromycin.The selected cells were then

transfected with the pGag-pol-IRES-bs r vector,and subcloned in the pres-

ence of puromycin and blasticidin(10?g/ml).The selected clones were

tested for their potential to produce retroviruses.EF1?,EF1?promoter;

IRES,internal ribosome entry site;bs r,blasticidin resistant gene;puro r,

puromycin resistant gene.

fetal bovine serum containing hygromycin(300?g/ml)

and diphtheria toxin(1?g/ml)for1week,then cells

were transferred to DMEM with10%fetal bovine serum

without hygromycin and diphtheria toxin.Plat-E cells

were always maintained in DMEM with10%fetal bovine

serum containing blasticidin(10?g/ml)and puromycin

(1?g/ml).On one hand,infection ef?ciency of retro-

viruses produced from Bosc23was decreased within3

months,and that of retroviruses produced from the Pho-

enix-E cells also decreased in time(Figure3).On the

other hand,Plat-E produced retroviruses with an infec-

tion ef?ciency greater than75%with a titer of about

1×107/ml for at least4months under drug selection

pressure.

To compare the expression level of gag-pol and env

mRNA in Plat-E,Bosc23and Phoenix-E packaging cell

Plat-E:a system for transient packaging of retroviruses S Morita et al

1065

Figure3Long-term stability of Plat-E in producing high titer retro-

viruses.The infection ef?ciencies of Ba/F3cells using retroviruses derived

from pMX-GFP produced by Plat-E,Bosc23and Phoenix E were exam-

ined at the indicated times.pMX-GFP was constructed as follows.The

GFP fragment was excised from the pEGFP-N1vector(Clontech,Palo

Alto,CA,USA)by EcoRI and NotI,and was inserted into the EcoRI–

NotI site of the pMX vector.3Transfection and infection were performed

as described10except that we used Fugene(Boehringer Mannheim)instead

of LipofectAmine(Gibco-BRL,Rockville,MD,USA).

lines,Northern blot analysis was done using the cells cul-

tured for3weeks.The expression levels of gag-pol and

env mRNA was four-fold and10-fold higher,respect-

ively,in Plat-E cells than in the other packaging cell lines

(Figure4a).The RT activity in the cell lysate was also

analyzed.Plat-E produced at least twice more RT activity

when compared with Bosc23and Phoenix-E cells(Figure

4b).In addition,the expression level of env protein was

much greater than that of Bosc23and Phoenix-E(Figure

4c)when evaluated by antibody staining raised against

the env gene product.

As the retroviral structural genes were encoded on the

two different plasmids,three recombination events are

necessary to generate the replication competent retro-

viruses(RCR).In addition,the probability of recombi-

nation was minimized by using only the coding sequence

of gag-pol and env genes isolated by PCR from MuLV gen-

ome in the packaging constructs.In fact,production of

RCR was tested by the XC plaque assay,13and no RCR

was detected from Plat-E cells after transfection of pMX-

GFP.As for a positive control,a supernatant of

MoMuLV-infected C3H2K cells(a gift from Dr Hoshino)

was used after serial dilutions,and the viral titer of the

wild-type MoMuLV produced from C3H2K cells was

estimated as1×104/ml.

In conclusion,we report here a stable retrovirus pack-

aging cell line Plat-E which has several advantages over

the existing packaging cell lines.First,the EF1?promoter

in the packaging constructs,in combination with the

Kozak’s consensus sequence,allows production of retro-

viruses with a titer of1×107/ml.Second,a bicistronic

vector carrying the IRES sequence was used in the pack-

aging constructs to ensure stable expression of the viral

structural genes under the drug selection pressure,which

Gene

Therapy

Figure4Comparison of gag-pol and env expression in Bosc23,Phoenix-

E and Plat-E.(a)Northern hybridization of gag-pol and env.Expression

of gag-pol and env in Plat-E(3)was compared with that in Bosc23(1)

and Phoenix-E(2)by Northern hybridization.The probes used were the

EcoRI–NotI fragment of pGag-pol-IRES-bs r and pEnv-IRES-puro r.(b)RT

assay of cell lysate of Bosc23,Phoenix-E and Plat-E.Cell lysate of293T

cells was used as a negative control(1),1ng of HIV RT was mixed with

the cell lysate of293T cells(2),and was used as a positive control.RT

activities derived from Bosc23(3),Phoenix-E(4),Plat-E(5)were meas-

ured as described.11(c)Expression of env in Bosc23,Phoenix E and Plat-

E cells.The expression of env was determined by cell surface?uorescence

of Bosc23,Phoenix-E and Plat-E using the rat monoclonal antibody raised

against the env proteins termed83A25.12Staining procedure was perfor-

med as described12and then subjected to FACS analysis.As a control,

these cells were stained only with the second antibody(FITC-conjugated

goat anti-rat IgG as second antibody).

Plat-E:a system for transient packaging of retroviruses

S Morita et al

1066

Gene Therapy

makes it possible to maintain the titer of retroviruses derived from the Plat-E cells by simply culturing the cells in the presence of selection drugs.Finally,to lessen the possibility of generation of RCR,the minimum virus sequences were used in the packaging constructs.Thus,Plat-E cells can stably produce helper-free retroviruses at high titers for a long time.

Using retroviruses produced by Plat-E cells,we can ef?ciently transfer genes to many different cells including cells in primary culture such as T cells and mast cells (data not shown).Recently,it has been reported that by introducing the coding region of the polyomavirus early gene into the packaging cell lines,the titers of recombi-nant retrovirus produced by these cell lines were 10–100times higher than those produced by the parent cell line.14Introduction of the polyomavirus early region into Plat-E may lead to more ef?cient production of retro-viruses with high titer.Plat-E is an ecotropic packaging cell line and generation of its amphotropic counterpart,the Plat-A cell line should prove useful in human gene therapy.

Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Dr Hiroo Hoshino (Department of Hygiene and Virology,Gunma University School of Medicine)for his kind gift of MoMuLV-infected C3H2K cells,and Dr Leonard H Evans (Laboratory of Persistent Viral Disease,National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease)for anti-Env antibody,and Dr Kunitada Shimo-tohno (Department of Viral Oncology,Institute for Virus Research,Kyoto University)for his valuable discussions.We also thank Ms Mariko Ohara for her providing langu-age assistance.This work was supported in part by grant-in-aid from the Ministry of Education,Science,Sports,and Culture and the Ministry of Health and Welfare of

Japan.The Department of Hematopoietic Factors is supported by Chugai Pharmaceutical Company Ltd.

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慢病毒包装、浓缩、纯化、滴度实验步骤

一、包装细胞293T 细胞的培养 一、293T 细胞的冻存 1. 随着传代的次数增加,293T 细胞会出现生长状态下降,出现突变等。所以要在细胞购进时就进行冻存。 2. 在细胞对数生长期进行冻存,增加细胞复苏成活率。 3. 倒去细胞上清液,加入D-Hank's 液洗去残留的培养基。 4. 加入0.25% 的胰酶,消化10-20s 后倒去。 5. 镜下观察细胞变圆,细胞间间隙加大时,加入新鲜培养基吹打混匀。 6. 细胞计数。 7. 将细胞离心,1000rpm ,2min 。 8. 根据计数结果加入细胞冻存液(70% 完全培养基+20%FBS+10% DMSO )重悬细胞,密度为3X 10 6个/ml。 10. 第二天将细胞放入液氮灌,并记录。 二、293T 细胞的传代 1. 当细胞生长至汇合率达到80~90% 需要对细胞进行传代操作,以扩大细胞数量,维持细胞良好的生长状态。 2. 消化细胞,方法同上。 3. 细胞离心结束后,加入完全培养基重悬。密度为 3 X10 5个/ml。 4. 分到10cm 培养皿中,10ml/ 皿。 三、293T 细胞的复苏 1. 当细胞传代次数过多(超过50 代),细胞状态变差时或细胞出现污染事故时,需要丢弃并对开始冻存的细胞进行复苏。 2. 打开水浴锅,设置温度为40 C。 3. 查看细胞库记录,根据记录从液氮灌中取出冻存的细胞(需戴上棉手套,防止被冻伤),迅速丢入水浴锅中并快速晃动,在1~2 min 内使细胞溶液完全溶解。 4. 将1ml 细胞溶液加入9 ml 完全培养基中并混匀后转入10cm 培养皿。 5. 放回37 C、3%CO 2和95%相对湿度的培养箱中培养。 6. 第二天观察细胞存活率。倒掉旧的培养基,加入10ml 新鲜培养基。 二、慢病毒的包装、浓缩和滴度测定 1. 所用病毒检测引物为WPRE 特异引物,序列如下 只供学习与交流

整理)慢病毒稳转细胞株步骤

稳转慢病毒 一、所需试剂 1、慢病毒载体(详细信息见附录及《质粒的扩增提取》)(大肠杆菌-80℃保存2-3年,质粒-20℃保存2-3年,病毒液-80℃保存1年) (1)载体质粒:两端的LTR、剪切位点、包装信号Ψ以及抗性或荧光基因、gag基因5′端350bp的序列及位于env序列中的RRE,含宿主RNA聚合酶识别部分 (2)包装质粒(psPAX2):包含了pol、gag包装成分 (3)包膜质粒(pMD2.G):用其他病毒的包膜蛋白代替了env基因. 三种质粒共同转染产生不具有自我复制能力的病毒载体。 2、包装细胞:293T细胞 3、菌株:大肠杆菌,用于提取质粒 4、转染试剂:XTREME-GENE(-20℃保存,不可分装),一种脂质与其他组份构成的混合物 5、浓缩试剂(配好后4℃保存,原材料室温保存):5X PEG8000/NaCl溶液(聚乙二醇):NaCl 8.766 g; PEG8000 50g溶解在200ml Milli-Q纯水中,高压蒸汽灭菌 **也可直接从公司买来病毒液(-80℃封口膜封口冻存管保存,4℃保存3天):滴度一般为108TU/ml 6、10mg/ml polybrene(-20℃分装保存):溴化己二甲铵。是带正电的小分子,与细胞表面的阴离子结合,提高慢病毒对细胞的感染效率,通常加入polybrene 能提高感染效率2~10 倍。有一定细胞毒性,需要摸索浓度(1~10μg/ml) 7、无血清培养基:optimen 8、贴壁细胞(复后3代以上的细胞) 9、puromycin:嘌呤霉素,用于筛选稳转细胞 二、具体步骤 <一>病毒包装与收集(中皿,转染步骤类似于瞬转) 第一天 1、种板,10×105个293T细胞,加入全培养基双抗DMEM 4-5ml,过夜 2、配制5X PEG8000/NaCl溶液 称取NaCl 8.766 g; PEG8000 50g溶解在200ml Milli-Q纯水中;121摄氏度 30min 湿热灭绝 30min;保存在4℃ 第二天 2、加入2ml全培养基DMEM 3、将1加入2,孵育10h,换成5ml全培养基

慢病毒(过表达)包装步骤

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pLVX-Puro载体简介: Description pLVX-Puro is an HIV-1-based, lentiviral expression vector. Lentiviral particles derived from the vector allow you to express your gene of interest in virtually any cell type, even primary cells. Expression of your gene is driven by the constitutively active human cytomegalovirus immediate early promoter (PCMV IE), located just upstream of the multiple cloning site (MCS), allowing constitutive, high level expression of your protein of interest. pLVX-Puro contains all of the viral processing elements necessary for the production of replication-incompetent lentivirus, as well as elements to improve viral titer, transgene expression, and overall vector function. The woodchuck hepatitis virus posttranscriptional regulatory element (WPRE) promotes RNA processing events and enhances nuclear export of viral and transgene RNA (1), leading to increased viral titers from packaging cells, and enhanced expression of your gene of interest in target cells. In addition, the vector includes a Rev-response element (RRE), which further increases viral titers by enhancing the transport of unspliced viral RNA out of the nucleus (2). Finally, pLVX-Puro also contains a central polypurine tract (cPPT) element that increases nuclear importation of the viral genome during target cell infection, resulting in improved vector integration and more effi cient transduction (3). In addition to lentiviral elements, pLVX-Puro contains a puromycin resistance gene (Puror) under the control of the murine phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) promoter (PPGK) for the selection of stable transductants. The vector also contains a pUC origin of replication and an E. coli ampicillin resistance gene (Ampr) for propagation and selection in bacteria. Use pLVX-Puro constitutively expresses your gene of interest from PCMV IE when transduced into target cells. Before the vector can be transduced into cells, however, it must be transfected into 293T packaging cells with our Lenti-X? HT Packaging System (Cat. Nos. 632160 and 632161). This packaging system allows you to safely produce high titer, infectious, replication-incompetent, VSV-G pseudotyped lentiviral particles that can infect a wide range of cell types, including non-dividing and primary cells (4). pLVX-Puro载体序列: ORIGIN 1 TGGAAGGGCT AATTCACTCC CAAAGAAGAC AAGATATCCT TGATCTGTGG ATCTACCACA 61 CACAAGGCTA CTTCCCTGAT TAGCAGAACT ACACACCAGG GCCAGGGGTC AGATATCCAC 121 TGACCTTTGG ATGGTGCTAC AAGCTAGTAC CAGTTGAGCC AGATAAGGTA GAAGAGGCCA

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