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什么是长句,如何做长句分析

什么是长句,如何做长句分析
什么是长句,如何做长句分析

1什么是长句?长句的特点什么?

英语长句是指包含各种语法关系和特殊句型的各种复杂句。英语多长句,这是由英语句子的特点决定的。英语复杂句里可能有多个从句,从句与从句之间的关系可能包孕、嵌套,也可能并列,平行。⒉长句的特点

首先要弄清英语原文的句法结构, 找出整个句子的中心内容及其各层意思, 然后分析几层意思之间的相互逻辑关系, 再按照汉语的特点和表达方式, 正确地译出原文的意思, 不必拘泥于原文的形式。一般说来,英语长句有如下几个特点:

(1)结构复杂,逻辑层次多;

(2)常须根据上下文作词义的引申;

(3)常须根据上下文对指代词的指代关系做出判断;

(4)并列成分多;

(5)修饰语多,特别是后置定语很长;

(6)习惯搭配和成语经常出现。二、长句的解析

2怎么做长句分析以便获取正确的译文?

在分析长句时可以采用下面的方法:

(1)找出全句的主语、谓语和宾语, 从整体上把握句子的结构。

(2)找出句中所有的谓语结构、非谓语动词、介词短语和从句的引导词。

(3)分析从句和短语的功能, 例如, 是否为主语从句, 宾语从句, 表语从句等(若是状语,它是表示时间、原因、结果、还是表示条件等等)。

(4)分析词、短语和从句之间的相互关系, 例如, 定语从句所修饰的先行词是哪一个等。

(5)注意插入语等其他成分。

(6)注意分析句子中是否有固定词组或固定搭配

3长句翻译的三个阶段?

(1).拆分句子

(2)句子的结构分析

(3)难点部分的处理

4翻译长句的常用方法是什么?

长句的译法主要有下列几种:顺译法、逆译法、分译法、综合法。

(1).1.顺译法

顺译法是指在处理一些叙述层次依次相连的长句,这些句子或者是所叙述的一连串动作基本上是按动作发生的时间先后安排,或者是内容上按逻辑关系安排,与汉语表达方法比较一致,这样在翻译时一般可按照原文顺序译出,且根据情况增加或减少关联词。英语句子注重突出重点,往往把重要的话放在突出的位置。同时,英语有时态,可以通过动词的变化显出动作发生的先后顺序,而且英语大量使用分词和从句,用法也灵活,可前可后。因此,许多英语句子,各个成分安排起来比较自由,活动余地比较大。汉语没有英语那么多手段,叙事多靠并列结构(并列分句和并列谓语),因此较多地依靠各成分之间的顺序,尤其是时间顺序和逻辑顺序。

⒉逆译法

有些英语长句的表达与汉语不同。由于英语的修饰成分居多,如定语(从句)、状语(从句)且多位于所修饰、限定的中心词的后面,但在汉语中,定语和状语往往位于中心词之前

这样,这个句子就可以逆着原文的顺序译出。

⒊分译法

因为汉英两种语言的句子结构各有自己的特点,因此在翻译时,原文里的一句话在译文时可能分成两句或多句,使译文意思清楚,文字干净利落,尤其是在并列句中如果所谈的内容具有同等的重要性,或是相互间的关系不那么密切,往往可以分割开来

⒋并句法

有时还需要把英语原文中两个或更多的句子连接起来,在汉语中成为一个长度适中的句子。合并的目的是使句子的内容完整,表达更加有力。所谓长度适中,不仅仅是说句子的绝对长度不要过大,更重要的是句子的相对长度要恰到好处,即文字的长短要与内容的多少相适应。而决定一个句子的内容以多少为适当,就要看各个部分之间的关系是疏远的还是密切的。

⒌综合法

有些英语长句顺译、逆译或分译或并译都有困难,这时候就要仔细推敲,或按时间先后,或按照逻辑关系,有顺有逆,有主有次地进行综合处理

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