【托福听力备考】TPO13 听力文本——Lecture 1

【托福听力备考】TPO13 听力文本——Lecture 1

众所周知，托福TPO材料是备考托福听力最好的材料。相信众多备考托福的同学也一直在练习这套材料，那么在以下内容中我们就为大家带来托福TPO听力练习的文本，希望能为大家的备考带来帮助。

TPO 13 Lecture 1 City planning

Narrator:Listen to part of a lecture in a city planning class.

Professor:

In the last 50 years or so, many American cities have had difficulties in

maintaining a successful retail environment. Business owners in the city centers

or the downtown areas have experienced some financial losses, because of a

steady movement of people out of the cities and into the suburbs. In general,

downtown areas, just don’t have that many residential areas, not that many

people live there. So what have city planners decided to do about it? Well, one

way they’ve come up with some ways to attract more people, to shop downtown was

by creating pedestrian malls.

Now, what is a pedestrian mall? It’s a pretty simple concept really, it is

essentially an outdoor shopping area designed just for people on foot. And…

well, unlike many other shopping malls that are built in the suburbs nowadays,

these pedestrian malls are typically located in the downtown area of the city.

And...oh... there are features like white sidewalks, comfortable outdoor seating

and maybe even fountains, and... you know, art. There are variations on this

model of course, but the common denominator is always the idea of creating a

shopping space that will get people to shop in the city without needing their

cars. So I am sure you can see how having an area that’s off-limits to automobile traffic would be ideal for a heavily populated city where, well, the streets would otherwise be bustling with noisy, unpleasant traffic congestion.

Now the concept which originated in Europe was adopted by American city planners in the late 1950s. And since then, a number of Unites States’ cities have created pedestrian malls. And many of them have been highly successful. So what have city planners learned about making these malls succeed?

Well, there are two critical factors to consider when creating a pedestrian mall--- location and design. Both of which are equally important. Now let’s start with the location. In choosing a specific location for a pedestrian mall, there are in fact two considerations. Proximity to potential customers, um…that’s we’d call a customer base and accessibility to public transportation which we will get to in just a moment.

Now, for a customer base, the most obvious example would be a large office building since the employees could theoretically go shopping after work or during their lunch hour, right? Another really good example is convention center which typically has a hotel and large meeting spaces to draw visitors to the city for major business conferences and events. But ideally, the pedestrian mall would be used by local residents, not just people working in the city or visiting the area. So that’s where access to public transportation comes in,

either ...um...either the designers plan to locate the mall near a central transportation hub, like a bus terminal, a major train or subway station or they work with city officials to create sufficient parking areas, not too far from the mall, which makes sense because if people can’t drive into the mall area, well, then they need to have easy access to it. OK, so that’s location, but ... but what about design? Well, design doesn’t necessarily include things like sculptures or decorative walkways or… or even eye-catching window displays, you know, art. Although I would be the first to admit those things are aesthetically appealing, however, visually pleasing sights, well, they are not a part of the pedestrian mall design that matter than most. The key consideration is a compact and convenient layout. One which allows pedestrians to walk from one end of the mall to the other in just a few minutes, so they can get to the major stores, resaurants and other central places without having to take more than one or two turns. Now, this takes careful and creative planning.

But now what if one ingredient to this planning recipe is missing? There could quite possibly be long-lasting effects. And I think a good example is the pedestrian mall in the Louisville Kentucky for instance. Now when the Louisville mall was built, oh, it had lots of visual appeal, it was attractively designed, right in the small part of downtown and it pretty much possessed all of the other design elements for success. But ... uh, now, here is where my point about location comes into play. There wasn’t a convention center around to ... to help draw in visitors, and well, the only nearby hotel eventually closed down for

that same reason. Well, you can imagine how this must have affected local and pedestrian mall business owners. Sort of what was we call a chain reaction. It wasn’t until a convention center and a parking garage were built about a decade later that the mall started to be successful.

希望这些对你的托福备考有帮助，预祝大家托福考试能取得理想成绩。

托福听力备考五大要素缺一不可

托福听力备考五大要素缺一不可 托福听力备考五大要素是什么?其实听力备考五大要素涵盖了听力备考的各个方面，这五个要素分别是词汇、精听、题型、背景知识和语感。下面就和大家分享托福听力备考五大要素缺一不可，来欣赏一下吧。托福听力备考五大要素缺一不可托福听力备考五大要素之词汇任何语言的学习都是以单词为基础的，托福考试当然跳不过这一关。但是由于托福听力考试本身不涉及单词拼写，考生可以把重点放在单词读音和意思的辨认上，尽量扩大自己的词汇量，只记基础词汇拼写。托福听力备考五大要素之精听无论何种形式的听力考试，精听都是最能从根本上提高听力能力的练习方式。朗阁海外考试研究中心分析发现，考生在做听力时容易出现这么几个问题：(1)无法整句理解。由于词汇和语法知识的欠缺，很多考生在听文章时往往只能抓住个别单词词组，再加上自己的猜测来进行理解，这么做会造成理解不到位或者错误的发生，有时多想一秒钟也会影响到下文。(2)记忆容量不够。听后忘前是最容易发生的情况。(3)笔头不快。考生记笔记时手忙脚乱，想记这个又舍不得那个，最终写下的内容都是鸡肋。精听练习要求考生听一句记一句，单句太长也可根据意群来做停顿。长期这样的练习可以有效解决以上三个问题，巩固了单词，全面提高听力能力。托福听力备考五大要素之题型托福听力考试题型上的特点就是通篇选择，没有任何单词拼写的风险，因此初次接触考试的同学可能会抱着大不了一猜的心态，认为题型上难度不大。但是别忘了托福听力机考的特点是先听文章再做题目，并没有提前预览的机会，

因此考生在听文章前对内容几乎是完全没有概念的，会有些盲目。只有了解托福听力的出题特点，才能在听文章时把握好重点，记录有效信息。托福听力中的选择题型可以分为传统的单选题和多选题，以及相对新颖的配对排序题三种。各种题型将会考到学生对文章基本信息的理解，对所给情景的理解以及整合信息的能力。单选题为四选一，多选题一般需要选择2-3个正确选项，而配对排序题考到的内容一般比较细节。比较特殊的选择性题目有原音复现题，从理论上来说这类题目的原文考生是听了两遍，但事实上遍时考生并不清楚考点所在，考生在做原音复现题时就一定得好好把握文章中言下之意。托福听力备考五大要素之背景知识托福听力考试中较难的讲座部分内容可以分为艺术、生命科学、自然科学以及人文科学四个部分，可以说包含了人类知识的方方面面，并没有明确的方向。考试中经常出现的话题如天文、地理地质、音乐绘画、生物等是考生可以重点去了解的内容。推荐同学们可以通过以下几种方法积累这些背景知识(1)整理自己完成的习题。市面上托福习题集有很多，很多考生拼命做完题后却不知道还能干什么。除了做精听之外，梳理出现过的各科背景知识也能做到有效积累。(2)多看《探索》、《国家地理》等节目。如果能以听的形式来积累背景知识对于听力练习来说当然是不过了。不必刻意追求每字每句都听懂，关键在于广泛积累知识。(3)利用维基百科或者百度百科等搜索引擎弄清平时自己碰到的背景知识难点。托福听力备考五大要素之语感其实语感是非常飘渺不定的东西，看不到摸不着，却对我们的理解起着非常大的作用。说话人语音语调的变化，用词的

新托福听力真题文本tpo全本tpo7

TPO07–Listening Part Conversation Eric:Hi,Professor Mason,do you have a minute? Pro:Yeah,of course,Eric.I think there was something I wanted to talk to you about too. Eric:Probably my late essay. Pro:Ah,that must be it.I thought maybe I’d lost it. Eric:No,I'm sorry.Actually it was my computer that lost it,the first draft of it.And,well,anyway, I finally put it in your mail box yesterday. Pro:Oh,I haven't checked the mail box yet today.Well,I'm glad it's there.I will read it this weekend. Eric:Well,sorry again.Say,I can send it to you by email too if you like. Pro:Great.I'll be interested to see how it all comes out. Eric:Right.Now,ah,I just have overheard some graduates students talking.Something about a party for De Adams? Pro:Retirement party,yes,all students are invited.Wasn't there notice on the Anthropology Department's bulletin board? Eric:Ah,I don't know.But I want to offer help with it.You know whatever you need.De Adams, well,I took a few anthropology classes with her and they were great,inspiring.That's why I want to pitch in. Pro:Oh,that's very thoughtful of you,Eric,but it will be low key,nothing flashy.That's not her

托福听力备考4个基本要素

托福听力备考4个基本要素 托福听力中考生常会因为听不懂长难句而无法顺利解答题目，而长难句本身的高难度也会让许多同学头疼不已。下面就和大家分享托福听力备考4个基本要素，来欣赏一下吧。 托福听力备考4个基本要素 托福听力备考以“词”为首 “词”为四要素之首为，托福考试涉及艺术、生命科学、自然科学、社会科学四大学科，44个话题，考察学术环境下的听力能力，要求考生掌握8000左右词汇量，其中包括学科专有词汇。良好的词汇基础就是听力高分的必要因素。 那么不同年级的同学如何准备词汇呢?小学和初中阶段备考同学可以按照初中词汇、高中词汇、四级词汇、托福词汇的顺序进行准备，高中阶段的同学可以按照高中词汇、四级词汇、托福词汇的顺序备考，大学阶段的同学可以考虑从四级词汇或托福词汇开始备考。确定词汇记忆的范围后，我们还需要注意托福听力的词汇记忆不同于阅读的词汇记忆，虽然两者的范围相当，但记忆方法却截然不同。阅读讲究用“看”的方式来识词，而听力则要用听的方式。因此记单词的时候可以采取“看-听”同步的形式熟练生词发音，即时反应，尽量达到2秒内精准输出生词意思。

托福听力备考先“听”再“记” “听”，托福听力学习过程中，“听”先于“记”，同学们需要确保听懂听力的基础上，加强笔记。如何提升听的能力呢?我们可以采用泛听与精听结合的方式。泛听即广泛的听，用于培养英语语感，目的在于在听力练习中以掌握*的整体意思。因此，泛听并不要要求百分之百听懂听力材料中的所有细节,只求听懂大意。备考的同学可以选择自己喜欢的方式练习泛听，如看美剧、听英文歌、模仿英语演讲、听英文广播等。精听材料尽量选择官方真题Official或与考试学科、难度相近的资料。学习过程中需要进行精读、精听、模仿跟读、影子跟读、口述输出。 托福听力备考要合“理” “理”，这里指的是听力的逻辑规律。托福听力需要掌握一些基础的逻辑论证框架和出题规律，如问题-解决方案、举例论证、对比论证、因果论证、分类论证、反对-赞同等。 如官方真题Official27-L1体现论证体现事物的因果关系 Mangrove root systems have the ability to absorb and, well, trap sediments and pollutants in water that flow through them before they enter the ocean.This of course has beneficial results for the nearby coral reefs.

【托福听力资料】托福TPO15 听力文本-Lecture 4

【托福听力资料】托福TPO15 听力文本-Lecture 4 众所周知，托福TPO材料是备考托福听力最好的材料。相信众多备考托福的同学也一直在练习这套材料，那么在以下内容中我们就为大家带来托福TPO听力练习的文本，希望能为大家的备考带来帮助。 TPO 15 Lecture 4 Biology Narrator: Listen to part of a lecture in a biology class. Professor: OK. We’ve been talking till now about the two basic needs of a biological community – an energy source to produce organic materials, you know uh, food for the organisms, and the waste recycling or breakdown of materials back into inorganic molecules, and about how all this requires photosynthesis when green plants or microbes convert sunlight into energy, and also requires microorganisms, bacteria, to secrete chemicals that break down or recycle the organic material to complete the cycle. So, now we are done with this chapter of the textbook, we can just review for the weekly quiz and move on to the next chapter, right? Well, not so fast. First, I ‘d like to talk about some discoveries that have challenged one of these fundamental assumptions about what you need in order to have a biological community. And, well, there actually were quite a few surprises. It all began in 1977 with the exploration of hydrothermal vents on the ocean floor. Hydrothermal vents are cracks in the Earth’s surface that occur, well, the ones we are taiking about here are found deep at the bottom of the ocean. And these vents

托福听力备考五大要素

托福听力备考五大要素 托福听力备考五大要素是什么?其实听力备考五大要素涵盖了听力备考的各个方面，这五个要素分别是词汇、精听、题型、背景知识和语感。下面就和大家分享托福听力备考五大要素缺一不可，来欣赏一下吧。 托福听力备考五大要素缺一不可 托福听力备考五大要素之词汇 任何语言的学习都是以单词为基础的，托福考试当然跳不过这一关。但是由于托福听力考试本身不涉及单词拼写，考生可以把重点放在单词读音和意思的辨认上，尽量扩大自己的词汇量，只记基础词汇拼写。 托福听力备考五大要素之精听 无论何种形式的听力考试，精听都是最能从根本上提高听力能力的练习方式。朗阁海外考试研究中心分析发现，考生在做听力时容易出现这么几个问题：(1)无法整句理解。由于词汇和语法知识的欠缺，很多考生在听*时往往只能抓住个别单词词组，再加上自己的猜测来进行理解，这么做会造成理解不到位或者错误的发生，有时多想一秒钟也会影响到下文。(2)记忆容量不够。听后忘前是最容易发生的情况。(3)笔头不快。考生记笔记时手忙脚

乱，想记这个又舍不得那个，最终写下的内容都是鸡肋。精听练习要求考生听一句记一句，单句太长也可根据意群来做停顿。长期这样的练习可以有效解决以上三个问题，巩固了单词，全面提高听力能力。 托福听力备考五大要素之题型 托福听力考试题型上的特点就是通篇选择，没有任何单词拼写的风险，因此初次接触考试的同学可能会抱着大不了一猜的心态，认为题型上难度不大。但是别忘了托福听力机考的特点是先听*再做题目，并没有提前预览的机会，因此考生在听*前对内容几乎是完全没有概念的，会有些盲目。只有了解托福听力的出题特点，才能在听*时把握好重点，记录有效信息。托福听力中的选择题型可以分为传统的单选题和多选题，以及相对新颖的配对排序题三种。各种题型将会考到学生对*基本信息的理解，对所给情景的理解以及整合信息的能力。单选题为四选一，多选题一般需要选择2-3个正确选项，而配对排序题考到的内容一般比较细节。比较特殊的选择性题目有原音复现题，从理论上来说这类题目的原文考生是听了两遍，但事实上遍时考生并不清楚考点所在，考生在做原音复现题时就一定得好好把握*中言下之意。 托福听力备考五大要素之背景知识 托福听力考试中较难的讲座部分内容可以分为艺术、生命科学、自然科学以及人文科学四个部分，可以说包含了人类知识的

托福听力备考之笔记的十大技巧

托福听力备考之笔记的十大技巧 今天给大家带来了托福听力备考之笔记的十大技巧，希望能够帮助到大家，下面就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。 托福听力备考之笔记的十大技巧 与其他英语水平考试的不同点就在于，托福的听力考试是提前看不到任何听力题目或文本的，这时我们就不可能依靠提前审题和划出关键信息去预判考点答案了。且在每篇音频材料时长都超过4分钟有时甚至长达6分钟时我们不能仅仅依靠记忆来把所有的关键信息记下来，毕竟内容量太大，预先也不知道题目到底考的是哪个细节。所以托福听力中，笔记不仅是必要的而且还是必需的。今天我们就来跟大家一起分享一下托福听力的10大笔记技巧。 1.主要内容原则 我们在听conversation和lecture时，常常会在开头几句话听到这样的句子“professor，I need to talk to you about some problems I came across about….. ””Today, our topic is …..”这一类的句子，我们称之为主旨句，往往在这些句子之后全文的主旨都会直白的说出来，而主旨题几乎是每篇*的必考(且会是每篇*

音频结束后的题)，那么我们在听到这些句子时就要明白，后面要说出来的这句话笔记上必须要记下来。 2.重要细节原则 在我们听力过程中，*都是有(上一点)我们需要记录的主旨的，全文也是就这样的话题来展开。这时，音频中的某个部分突然提到了另一个看似不相关的object，这个object的突然出现在便是重要的细节点。它或许是要与主旨内容相对比、衬托、强调等;具体的作用会在后面提到。我们要做的就是，听到与主旨物并不相关的细节物品时，把它(和后面的描述)记下来。这一部分在细节题的题目中常会考到。 3.重复原则 顾名思义，同样一件事情或物品，在描述了次之后，还会再提一次，再说明一次;在这时，我们要明白，通过“重复”这件事描述者其实就是在暗示它的重要性，所以音频中出现的重复率较高的内容点需要仔细记录。 4.强调原则 音频中若出现“please payattention to this…”(直接强调)，”in particular”(递进式的强调)等相同性质的句子，其实是在通过强调来吸引听者的注意，否则完全可以平铺直叙不需要强调它。这时我们需要明白其后面要描述的内容点笔记重要应当加以记录。

托福TPO5听力Conversation2文本+题目+答案解析

为了帮助大家高效备考托福，为大家带来托福TPO5听力Conversation2文本+题目+答案解析，希望对大家备考有所帮助。 托福TPO5听力Conversation2文本 Narrator: Listen to a conversation between a student and a professor. Student: Hi, I was wondering if I could talk with you about the assignment in the film theory class. Professor: Of course, Jill. Student: It seems that pretty much everyone else in the class gets what they are supposed to be doing but I’m not so sure. Professor: Well, the class is for students who are really serious about film. You must have taken film courses before. Student: Yeah, in high school, film appreciation. Professor: Hmmm…I wouldn’t think that would be enough. Did you concentrate mainly on form or content? Student: Oh, definitely content. We’d watch, say Lord of the Flies, and then discuss it. Professor: Oh, that approach, treating film as literature, ignoring what makes it unique. Student: I liked it, though. Professor: Sure, but that kind of class. Well, I’m not surprised that you are feeling a little lost. You know, we have two introductory courses that are supposed to be taken before you get to my course, one in film art, techniques, technical stuff and another in film history. So students in the class you are in should be pretty far along in film studies. In fact, usually the system blocks anyone trying to sign up for a class they shouldn’t be taking, who hasn’t taken the courses you are required to do first as prerequisites. Student: Well, I did have a problem with that but I discussed it with one of your office staff, and she gave me permission. Professor: Of course. No matter how many times I tell them, they just keep on… Well, for your own good, I’d really suggest dropping back and starting at the usual

备考托福听力时记笔记的五大技巧

备考托福听力时记笔记的五大技巧 1.记关键词 所谓关键词，是指与听力中心内容有密切关系的词汇和短语，是考点的主要出处。一般是实词，即名词，动词，形容词，副词，否定和数词。抓住了听力中的关键词，整个文章的大意就呼之欲出了。所以，记录关键词是最基本的方法。 至于找关键词的方法，我附上了听力十大原则的文件，这个方式无论记不记笔记都一样的。 2.记逻辑词和短语提示 逻辑词和逻辑短语是连接一篇文章的筋骨和脉络。外国人对于逻辑思维非常重视，托福中从阅读到作文无不体现出来这个点。所以，听清楚逻辑词，记录下来，对于内容的之间的关系和顺序等的了解就容易了。 托福中出现的逻辑关系(Barron P75)： Definition ★Description and example ★★Classification ★Sequence ★★★Comparision and contrast ★★Cause and effect ★★Problem a nd solution Persuation and evaluation

对于逻辑词和短语的总结，delta和barron上面都有提及，这里 就不再累述了。 顺便说一点，拥有良好的逻辑意识和掌握相当的逻辑词和短语无 论在分析阅读，听听力，说口语还是写作文的时候都是一个优势，能 给评分教授一个清晰的条理。还是那句话，你让教授爽，他就让你更 爽! 3.利用缩写，简写，逻辑符号，换词减少记录时间 记笔记关键是速度。新托福的语速还是跟老托差不多，比barron 的快。所以，要懂得如何简化自己的笔记，同时让自己看得明白清楚。缩写和符号是很好的方法。我已经附上了自己总结的缩写和逻辑符号，大家能够下载。同时，大家在准备过程中也能够按照自己的思路添加 更多的缩写。 另外，换词也是一种很好的方法，在barron中专门有一章paraphasing的技巧训练，而阅读不是有换句子的题型吗?证明是托福 要求掌握的水平之一。 在note taking中的换词，不需要改成复杂深奥的词语，恰恰相反。举个例子：当你听到…opportunity…的时候，如果要写下来， 那多麻烦啊，要考虑复杂的拼写。但是如果你马上晓得改写成chance，那就节约了很多时间。还有，没人说只能写英文啊!当你听到large，small的时候，你不觉得记上“大”“小”更快吗?所以当你发现某个 词出现得比较常见但是又浪费时间去记录它的话，就能够利用换词解决。如此类推，能够应用的地方还是很多的。

托福TPO36听力文本+题目+答案+MP3音频下载

托福TPO36听力文本+题目+答案+MP3音频下载 上海新航道整理! 由于托福TPO听力36文本已经很长了，此文档不包含托福听力TPO36题目+答案， 托福TPO36MP3题目+答案+音频下载，请移步：https://www.wendangku.net/doc/b613689965.html,/toefl/tpotingli/596362.html 托福TPO听力1-48文本查看及下载，请移步：https://www.wendangku.net/doc/b613689965.html,/toefl/tpotingli/ 更多托福TPO查看，请点击：托福TPO写作大全托福TPO口语大全托福TPO阅读大全 Conversation 1 Listen to a conversation between a student and an admission officer at City College. Student: Hi, can I ask you a few questions about starting classes during your summer session? Q1 Admission officer: Sure, ask away. It starts next week, you know. Student: Yeah, and I wanted to get some required courses out of the way, so I can, maybe I can graduate one term earlier and get out into the job market sooner. Q2 Admission officer: That sounds like a good idea. Let me pull up the summer school database on my computer here. Student: Ok. Admission officer: OK, here it is. What?s your student ID number? Student: Oh, well, the thing is, I?m no t actually admitted here. I will be starting school upstate at Hooper University in the fall, but I?m down here for the summer staying with my grandparents, …cause I have a summer job near here. Admission officer: Oh, I see. Well. Student: So I?m out of lu ck? Admission officer: Well, you would be if you were starting anywhere but Hooper, but City College has a sort of special relationship with Hooper, a full exchange agreement. So our students can take classes at Hooper, and vice versa.Q5 So if you can show me proof, eh, your admissions letter from Hooper, then I can get you into our system here and give you an ID number. Student: Oh, cool. So, um, I wanna take a math course and a science course, preferably biology, and I was also hoping to get my English Composition Course out of the way, too. Admission officer: Well, all three of those courses are offered in the summer, but you?ve got to understand that summer courses are condensed. You need longer hours and the assignments are doubled up because it?s the s ame

2020托福听力备考3大实用技巧解析

2020托福听力备考3大实用技巧解析 托福听力的备考训练需要耗费考生不少时间精力，而在投入了那么多心血后却看不到 明显进步，想必会让不少同学觉得自信心大受打击。今天小编给大家带来了托福听力 备考3大实用技巧解析,希望能够帮助到大家，一起来学习吧。 托福听力备考3大实用技巧解析 扎实基础是听力提升必备要素 当然，在所有托福考试的同学里，每个人的起点和英语能力都是不一样的。所以，对 于听力练习来说，也许很多同学很快能够上手，同时进步很快;而有些同学却会感到非 常吃力，且觉得并没有什么太大的帮助。所以，当你觉得听写对于自己没有太大作用 的时候，这是并不能放弃，需要的就是坚持。与此同时，我们也可以回头在去回顾一 下自己的词汇和语法基础知识，如果在这些基础环节上加以巩固，也会让自己的听力 听写能更加顺利的进行。 听力训练错题需统一整理归纳 同时，想要提升托福听力能力，当然需要一定的题目练习，但是，这也并不同于“题海 战术”，对于做完的练习也不能就是对个答案就是草草了事。而对于做过的每道题目，听过的每篇文章，读懂读透才是关键。而我们在练习听写的过程中则更是如此，详细 很少能找出有一个同学，能够在听写一篇文章的时候，顺利的记录下每一个单词。所以，在每一次的听写练习之后，一定要定要重听一遍自己的练习段子，找到听不出的 词语或是生词。 而我们在听写练习之后，也建议大家对于一些听力练习的段子可以进行反复的跟读。 因为，这样不但可以明确语音语调的问题，同时也为自己之后的托福口语备考做好准备。 提升听力反应速度从词汇开始 而想要提高自己听力的反应速度，词汇的积累也是很重要的一步。一些重要的场景词 汇往往也是最为重要的，直接理解场景词对于你快速理解听力内容也是有很多帮助的。同时，在听力过程中习语、俚语的积累，我们在平时也应该时刻关注到。 托福听力：变音现象介绍 一、Linking of Sounds 连读现象

托福TPO14听力Conversation1文本+题目+答案解析

为了帮助大家高效备考托福，为大家带来托福TPO14听力Conversation1文本+题目+答案解析，希望对大家备考有所帮助。 托福TPO14听力Conversation1文本 Narrator: Listen to a conversation between a student and a library employee. Student: Hi, I am looking for this book, The American Judicial System, and I can’t seem to find it anywhere. I need to read a chapter for my Political Science class. Library Employee: Let me check in the computer. Um, doesn’t seem to be checked out, and it’s not on reserve. You’ve checked the shelves, I assume? Student: Yeah, I even checked other shelves and tables next to where the book should be. Library Employee: Well, it’s still here in the library, so people must be using it. You know, this seems to be a very popular book title. We show six copies, none are checked out, and yet you didn’t even find one copy on the shelves. Is it a big class? Student: Maybe about seventy-five? Library Employee: Well, you should ask your professor to put some of the copies on reserve. You know about the reserve system, right? Student: I know you have to read reserved books in the library and that you have time limits, but I didn’t know that I could ask a professor to put a book on reserve. I mean, I thought the professors make that kind of decision at the beginning of the semester. Library Employee: No, they can put books on reserve at any time during the semester. Student: You know, reserving books seems a bit unfair. What if someone who’s not in the class wants to use the book? Library Employee: That’s why I said some copies! Student: Ah! Well, I’ll certainly talk to my professor about it tomorrow. But what am I going to do tonight? Library Employee: I guess you could walk around the Poli/Sci section and look at the books waiting to be re-shelved.

托福备考做到这五步-听力满分很简单

4.2.3水平抗力计算 基坑底面以下水平抗力计算的土层为:第 4层土(可塑粉质粘土层 0.5m 、第 5层土(硬塑粉质粘土层 4.3m 、第 6层土 (全风化岩层 3.0m 。 计算依据和计算公式: 土层水平抗力计算依据《建筑基坑支护技术规程》 JGJ120-99 (1 基坑内侧水平抗力标准值 pjk e 按下列规定计算: 1对于碎石土及砂土 , 基坑内侧水平抗力标准值按下列规定计算:w pi wp j ai ik ai ajk ajk K h z C K e γσ 1((2--++=(4.2.1 式中 p jk σ——作用于基坑底面以下深度 j z 处的竖向应力标准值; pi K ——第 i 层土的被动土压力系数。 2对于粉土及粘性土,基坑内侧水平抗力标准值按下列规定计算:Pi ik Pi Pjk Pjk C K e 2+=σ(4.2.2 (2作用与基坑底面以下深度 j z 处的竖向应力标准值ajk σ按下式计算: j mj pjk z γσ=(4.2.3 式中mj γ——深度 j z 以上土的加权平均天然重度。 (3第 i 层土的被动土压力系数 pi K 应按下式计算 45(tan 02ik pi K ?+=(4.2.4 (4第 i 层土的水平抗力 p E 为:h i pik pik pi s h e e E (1+'= (4.2.5 式中 pik e '——第 i 层土土层顶部的水平抗力标准值; pik e ——第 i 层土土层底部的水平抗力标准值; i h ——第 i 层土的厚度;

h ——预应力锚索的水平间距。 4.2.4各层土水平抗力计算 (1可塑粉质粘土层 302 . 1, 695. 1, 15, 25, /18, 5. 044054244======P p K a K K k K KP C m KN m h ?γ作用于基坑底面以下深度 j z 处的竖向应力标准值: 244424/95. 018, /0m KN h m KN k k k p K P =?==='γσσ水平抗力标准值: 24 4444/10. 65302. 1252695. 102m KN C K e p k p k p k p =??+?=+'='σ244444/4. 80302. 1252695. 192m KN C K e P k p k p k p =??+?=+=σ水平抗力: m KN h e e E k p p p /38. 365. 0 4. 8010. 65(1 (14445=?+=+'=水平抗力离该土层底端的距离: m e e h Z k P k P k P K P K K 241. 04. 8010. 6525. 02444445=++?=+'+'=(2硬塑粉质粘土层 375. 1, 891 . 1, 18, 35, /20, 3. 455055255======P p K a K K k K KP C m KN m h ?γ作用于基坑底面以下深度 j z 处的竖向应力标准值: 255525/953. 4209, /95. 018m KN h m KN k k k p K P

托福TPO13综合写作阅读+听力原文+满分范文【雷哥托福】

托福TPO13综合写作阅读+听力原文+满分范文 【雷哥托福整理】 在备考托福写作的过程中，总是将托福的独立作文放在了第一位，但是实际上，综合作文也是占到了作文总分30分里面的50%的分值，不要等到分数出来了，才发现其实是综合作文的limited或者fair极大的影响了自己的分数。 考过的同学会发现托福综合作文分数不高，很大程度上是受我们听力实力的影响，我们很多托福考生的听力分数只有16分上下的时候，对于托福综合作文的听力妥妥的是束手无策，而且很多托福考生还感觉自己都听懂了，那也只能说明你听懂了大意，但是听力里面要的是每一个细节！请注意，是每一个细节！ 雷哥托福小托君给大家分享TPO1-33综合作文部分的阅读和听力文本全集与综合作文的满分作文，以及满分作文的解析。如果自己的托福综合作文分数如果可以很给力的话，就已经搞定了15分的分数，可极大地缓解托福独立作文的压力。文末教你如何使用这个材料。TPO13 综合写作听力+阅读原文 Reading Private collectors have been selling and buying fossils, the petrified remains of ancient organisms, ever since the eighteenth century. In recent years, however, the sale of fossils, particularly of dinosaurs and other large vertebrates, has grown into a big business. Rare and important fossils are now being sold to private ownership for millions of dollars. This is an unfortunate development for both scientists and the general public. The public suffers because fossils that would otherwise be donated to museums where everyone can see them are sold to private collectors who do not allow the public to view their collections. Making it harder for the public to see fossils can lead to a decline in public interest in fossils, which would be a pity.

备考托福听力需要注意的三点

备考托福听力需要注意的三点 对于托福听力的练习可以难倒了很多的考生，但是这个托福考试科目对于整个托福考试来说却是非常重要的。托福听力词汇的掌握是整个考试最基础的部分。下面小编给大家带来的是备考托福听力的要点。 一、反应速度 我们对单词的反应速度可能不能达到指标，但是尽可能地去接近它，无疑是取得托福听力高分必须做到功课。听托福听力时，ETS不会等你听懂前面的单词，再放后面的录音，而事实上，托福听力的语速也只是美国大学教授上课的一半语速，所以，不仅为了取得托福高分，更重要的是为了到美国能跟上美国的课堂，我们花大力气将反应速度练上去是完全必要的。 而练习反应速度的最重要也是最有效的一个方法，叫做“变速练习”。变速练习指的是利用变速软件加快语速，来增加我们对材料反应的灵敏度和准确度。但有一点要强调的是，变速练习只适合于对你常速已经可以听懂的材料进行，因为如果对你不熟悉或者本来就听不懂的材料进行变速，那么结果必然是更加听不懂，这样的意义是不大的。明白了这一点，那么你就知道了其实变速练习的材料是十分广泛的，既可以是你已经听写过的老托段子，也可以是SSS的材料，更可以是你已经做过的托福听力题 二、辨音能力 听力的境界有高下之分，刚开始的时候，是一个单词一个单词地去听，慢慢地可以一个意群一个意群地去听，再后来，可以一个句子一个句子地去听，当然，到了一定境界，你就会忘记你听到的是英语，而进入耳朵的只是一个一个的意思。这就像你听汉语一样，我们从来不去想“我正在听汉语”。这是一种“得意忘形”的境界。如果你达到了这种境界，那么

托福听力立刻就成了我们小学的社会科学课考试，极其简单。但是，对于一个跟着中国的中学教育、大学教育，然后考过四六级的人来说，是远远达不到这种境界的。所以，在准备托福听力的时候，我们首先要做的功课，就是解决对英语的辨音能力。辨音能力指的是听到一个单词能反应出它的意思，让它成为你的积极的听觉词汇。 解决辨音能力最有效的两个方法：一是听写，二是精听。 三、托福听力笔记 新托福针对老托的最明显的改革之一，就是允许考生在一边听听力的时候一边记笔记，这不仅是因为新托的听力变长了，需要利用笔记来弥补脑记的不足，更重要的是，这符合美国大学课堂对学生课堂上课的真实需求。托福听力，尤其是讲座，考到的题目都是重点的信息，包括主要话题、重要细节和文章结构等。如果能在听听力的过程中，记下这些重要的内容，那么对于做题是帮助极大的。 当然，要强调的是，较强的笔记能力是需要建立在前两项能力较强的基础上。如果你听一篇TOEFL听力材料，还是需要经常去反应很多单词的意思，或者你的反应速度很慢，那么你是不可能心有余力去记笔记的。

新托福高分120系列听力文本

Lectures 1 An imal Aware ness and Thought （动物的意识与思想） 2 Antibiotics （抗生素） 3 Beta Pictoris （绘架座3 星） 4 Child Development （儿童的发展过程） 5 Climate and Population （气候与人口） 6 Co-evolution （共同进化） 7 Deforestation （森林砍伐） 8 Early Magazines （早期的杂志） 9 Early Written Language （早期的手写文字） 10 Gen etic Diversity in Crops （农作物基因的多样性） 11 Gullies on Mars （浸蚀谷） 12 History of In sura nee （保险的历史） 13 In flue nee of thd Media （媒体的影响） 14 Mammoth Cave Archeology （巨大洞穴考古研究） 15 Mayan Drought （毁玛雅文明的大旱灾） 16 New Media T echnology （新媒体科技） 17 Nullification Crisis （拒行联邦法危机） 18 Periodic Extinction （周期性绝种） 19 Petrified Wood （石化木） 20 Salesperson Attributes （销售人员特征）

21 Stress （压力） 22 Support Groups for Writers （作家互助会） 23 Tidal Power Gen eratio n （潮汐发电） 24 Why Pla nets Are Rou nd （行星体为何成球状） We need to understand how the reading process varies when we go from writing system to ano ther, kno wledges of how this affects the n eurological processes