[考试宝典]2011职称英语强化班答案(word版)

教材习题参考答案

第一部分词汇选项

词汇学习一

A B A B B B D A C A B D A C A

词汇学习二

A C C A

B A

C C B A C C A B C

词汇学习三

B C B A D B B C D B A A D A C

词汇学习四

A D

B A A

C

D B D B A C A B B

词汇学习五

D D A A B A A B D A A B C C D

词汇学习六

B A

C C

D C C B A B C D A B D

词汇学习七

D C A A A C B A D A C B D B A

词汇学习八

C A B B C

D A B D A D C A B C

词汇学习九

D A B A B D C A A B A D D A C

词汇学习十

C C A B C C B C

D A B B D C B

词汇学习十一

B D A B D A D

C C

D C A B B A

词汇学习十二

A B C D A B C D A B C D A B C

词汇学习十三

C C A

D B D D C A B C B A C B B

词汇学习十四

1-5 ACDBB

词汇学习十五

C C B A A

D C A A D A A B A D

词汇学习十六

B A B D B

C A A

D C B D C D A

第二部分阅读判断

Is it a Man, Is it a Bear or Is It Bigfoot?

B A

C B A

“Own”Your Children?s Education

C B C A A

Studies Show U.S. Spending Doesn?t Get Health

A B C B A B C Most Adults in U.S. Have Low Risk of Heart Disease

A B B C B A C

Inventor of LED

A C

B A

C C B

El Nino

B A

C C B A C

TV Game Shows

A B C B B A B

Plants and Mankind

A A

B B B A B

Brands

A B B A A B A

Computers

A B B A B C A

The Cold Places

A B B B A C A

American Sports

C B A A B C A

Why is the Native Language Learnt So Well A C B A B A C

The National Trust

B A

C A B C A

The First Settlement In North America

B A B B A A C

An Observation and an Explanation

A C

B A B

C A

The Wor kers? Role in M anagement

C A B B A C B

Fermi Problem

A B A A B B C

Inhalable Water Droplets

B B A A B

C A

Crypto

C A A A A C B

Food and Cancer

B C A C A B B

Stomach Ulcer

B B A

C A A C

Continuing Medical Education

A B A C C A B

Dangerous Seats?

C A B A B B C

Beyond the Pap

C A B A A A C

Smoking

B A A

C B A B

A Dog?s Dilemma

A B C B A A C

Easy Learning

A C C

B A B B

Dangers Await Babies with Altitude

B C A A B C B

Rescue Platform

B A

C B C B C

Engineering Ethics

C B B A C A A

Micro-chip Research Center Created

B C C A C A B

Tanning Parlors Take Heat

A B C A B B A

Biodiesel

C B A B A C A

Disease, Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention A A B B A C C

First Self-contained Heart Implanted

A B B B B A A

Business Enlisted in Global War against HIV/AIDS

C A B C A C A

Privacy Worry May Keep HIV Patients from Therapy

B B A

C A B C

Center Launched to Fight Diseases

B C A A C A B

A New Start

A B B A C A B

Will Hillary Be the Next American President?

A C

B

C A C B

Lower Body Fat Means Better Performance A C B B A A C

Some Sleep Drugs Do More Than Make You Sleep

C A A B C A B

Red Meat Links to Higher Risk of Breast Cancer1 A B A A B B C

Bill Gates: Unleashing Your Creativity

A A

B B

C A C

Moderate earthquake Strikes England

B C A C B A A

Irish Dolphins May Have a Unique Dialect C B A A C B A

Computer Mouse

B C A A B C A

The Northern Lights

B A

C A B C B

第三部分概括大意和完成句子Family Gardening

E D A C

F C A E

The Paper Chase

A E F C

B

C A D

More Than 8 Hours Steep Too Much of a good Thing

E B A D

F E A C

Soot and Snow: a Hot Combination

C A F B B E

D A

US Signs Global Tobacco Treaty

B D A E B D E A

Many Benefits from Cancer Organization

C E A F B

D A F

Science Fiction

A E C F A F C D

Alaska

F D C A D E C A

Architecture

C A B E B E A C

How to Argue with Your Boss

D E C B B D E C

Earthquake

C D A E A C D E

Transport and Trade

B A D E

C

D B E

Museums is the Modern World

C E A B B A E D

V olts from the Sky

C B F E F A B D

Geology and Health

D A B C

E C B F

More Rural Research Is Needed

E A C B D A

F C

Hurricanes

A F D C C A E F

Carl Sagan

B D F E B

C

D E

The Mir Space Station

B E

C A F E

D B

A Bit Good News for Fat People

C E

D A B

E

F A

Optimists Really Do Live Longer, Say scientists B A C D B D A C

Ward off Travel Bugs

C A B

D D A C E

A Baby?s Growth

D B A

E D C A B

Heartbeat of America

A C F D F A E C

Why Does Food Cost So Much?

E D B A D A E F

English and English Community

F D A C B A D E

Blasts from the Past

B C D E A B C D

Screen Test

A B C D C D E F

Intelligence: a Changed View

C A F E

D F B A

Smoke Gets in Your Mind

D A F

E B A D F

The Magic io Personal Digital Pen

F B A C D E A F

Icy Microbes

E A

F D B C E A

A Strong Greenhouse Gas

E F C D A B F E

How We Form First Impression

D C B A

E D C B

Lung Cancer

E C B

F D A C E

Surgery Involving the Heart

C B E A C B A E

China Seeks Donors to Narrow Bone Marrow Gap D B E A F D B C Aspirin — a New Miracle Drug

D B F A

E C

F A

The Safeness of IUDs for HIV-positive Women B A C E E A D B

The Making of a Success Story

A D

B E

C A E B

Is There a Way to Keep the Britain?s Economy Growing?

E C D B C

F E B

Napping to a Healthier Heart?1

F D B A D E C F

Pregnant Women Warned About ACE1 Inhibitor

F F A C D B F A

Ginseng Shows Benefit in Cancer Treatment

C E F B C E A B

Compact Disks

D A F C

E B C F

LED Lighting

B E D

C F A B C

The Tiniest Electric Motor in the World

E B D

F A B F C

Face Masks May Not Protect from Super-Flu

D C A F

E A

F B

第四部分阅读理解

Inspecting a Used Car

C A

D D D

Feast on Turkey and Good Wishes at Thanksgiving

A C

B A A

Ford Abandons Electric Vehicles

C B A C D

Young Female Chimps Outlearn Their Brothers

B B

C

D A

Winged Robot Learns to Fly

C B A B D

Stress level Tied to Education Level

B A D A C

Medical Journals

B C A B C

Need for Emphasis on Treatment B C A C D

Losing Weight

D C C B A

TV Shows and Long Bus Trips C A D B A

Modern Sun Worshippers

D A B B D

One-room Schools

D C D A A

New York—The Melting Pot

C A B C D

Smuggling

D A C C C

The Barbie Dolls

D D A B A

The Cherokee Nation

B A

C

D C

A Ride in a Cable-car

C A B A C

Sleep

D B C A A

Adaptation of Living Things

C B

D D A

Early or Later Day Care

C A A

D C

The National Park Service

A D

B B C

Importance of Services

B A B

C C

Diseases of Agricultural Plants D D A B D

The Business of Weddings

B B A D D

Income

B D A B D

The Gene Industry

B D D

C A

Taxi Riding

A D

B

C C

Goal of American Education

C D C C D

Spacing in Animals

C A B A

D Some Things We Know about Language

C A B

D C

How Animals Keep Warm

C A B A D

Shrinking Water Supply Poses Threat to Peace D A D A B

Attitudes to AIDS Now

B B D D D

Ulcers

A C C

B B

Cigars Instead?

D B A A D

Sleeplessness

A B B D A

In-line Skating and Injuries

C A

D B A

Common-cold Sense

B A B

C D

Drug Reactions—A Major Cause of Death C C B C A

Silent and Deadly

A C

B D B

Dreams

C D C B C

Diabetes

C A

D B C

High Stress May Damage Memory

D B A C B

FDA: Human, Animal Waste Threatens Produce A D C C B

More about Alzheimer?s disease

C D D A C

New Attempts to Eradicate AIDS Virus

A D A D D

Education of Students with Vision Impairments B B C C A

Obesity

C B

D D A

Water Pollution

B C D A C

DNA Fingerprinting

C B A C D

Mental Retardation

C A B A B

A Gay Biologist

A D

B

C B

Malnutrition

B C A C C

Phobia

C C A B B

IQ-Gene

C D A A D

Will Quality Eat up the U.S. Lead in Software?

D D A B C

Electronic Mail (E-mail)

A D C

B C

Cousteau Remembered

C D B A A

The Net Cost OF making a Name for Y ourself B B B A B

Retinal Prosthesis Help the Blind Regain Eyesight A C B D C

Food Fright

A C

B D A

Ebbysemeyer—King of Currents

B A

C

D B

Eat to Live

D B D A C

Single-parent Kids Do Best

C A B

D C

Late-night Drinking

C C A

D B

Pool Watch

D C B A B

Thirsty in Karachi

C D A B C

The Wasteland

B C C C D

Snowflakes

A D A A C

Pow ering a City? It?s a Breeze

B B

C

D D

Sauna

C B

D A D

Underground Coal Fires a Looming Catastrophe C A D B D

Driven to Distraction

C D C D B Eiffel Is an Eyeful

B A

C B C

Forecasting Methods

A B D C A

Can Buildings Be Designed to Resist T errorist Attack?

C D A B D

Kasparov: Chess Computers Beatable… For Now A C D C D

Clone Farm

C A

D C A

U.S. Marks 175 Locomotive Years

B D D

C A

Defending the Theory of Evolution S till Seems Needed B D A A D

Controlling Robots with the Mind

D C D C A

Sleep Lets Brain File Memories

A C D

B D

Japanese Drilling into Core of Earth

B D A

C A

Male and Female Pilots Cause Accidents Differently B D A B D

Florida Hit by Cold Air Mass

B B A

C D

“Don?t Drink Alone” Gets New Meaning

A C A

B D

Air Pollution Cloud Measured on Both Sides of Pacific

D D C A C

Digital Realm

B A A D C

Hypertension Drugs Found to Cut Risk of Stroke C D A B D

Pregnancy Anomalies May Lower Breast Cancer Risk

D B C C A

After-birth Depression Blamed for W oman?s Suicide

C D A B D

Controlling the Growing TB Crisis in China B D D B A

Obesity: the Scourge of the Western World

A D C C B

Walking Robot Carries a Person（理工B类）A B C C D

Mental Retardation（卫生A类）

C A

D B D

Motoring Technology

1-5 CBDCA

Hurricane Katrina

1-5 CACBD

Renewable Energy Sources

1-5 DCBDB

His Own Way to Express Love

1-5 DACBD

Milosevic?s Death

1-5 BDBCA

Kobe Bryant

1-5 ABDCC

Heat and Health

1-5 DACBA

Study Says Dogs Can Smell Cancer

1-5 CBDCB

Chronic Diseases：the World?s Leading Killer 1-5 CDCDA

1.B

2.B

3.C

4.A

5.D 1.C 2.A 3.B 4.D 5.D 1.D 2.C 3.B 4.B 5.A 1.D 2.C 3.B 4.A 5.B 1.C 2.A 3.C 4.D 5.A 1.B 2.A 3.D 4.D 5.B 1.D 2.C 3.C 4.A 5.B 1.C 2.A 3.D 4.B 5.B 1.C 2.B 3.A 4.D 5.A 1.C 2.A 3.C 4.B 5.D 1.C 2.B 3.B 4.A 5.C 1.C 2.B 3.A 4.D 5.B 1.C 2.C 3.A 4.C 5.D 1.D 2.C 3.A 4.B 5.D 1.C 2.A 3.C 4.D 5.D 1.C 2.B 3.D 4.D 5.C 1.A 2.D 3.C 4.B 5.C 1.C 2.A 3.B 4.D 5.D 1.D 2.D 3.C 4.A 5.B

"Hidden" Species May Be Surprisingly

Wealth and Discontent

D B B C B

The Operation of International Airlines

D A C C C

Too Little for Global Warming

D B D D B

Forty May Be the New 30 as Scientists Redefine Age

B A B D D

Walking Robot Carries a Person

ABCCD

第五部分补全短文

How One Simple Movement Can Let Slip the Secrets of the Mind

D C F A E

Robotic Highway Cones

F A D E B

Weight Worries May Start Early for Slim Women

B D F A C

Teamwork in Tourism

C B F E A

Death Control

D C B F A

Ludwig Van Beethoven

D B A C E

E instein Named “Person of Century”

C E F A D

The First Four Minutes

D E A B C

Financial Risks

C B

D A E

Public Relations C F A B D

The Dollar in World Markets

D B

E C A

Research Shows Walking Can Lift Depression E C F A D

Research Shows Walking Can Lift Depression E C F A D(卫生类)

Tuberculosis Kills 1,000 People a Day in Asia C A E F B

Tuberculosis Kills 1,000 People a Day in Asia C A E F B（卫生类）

Uncooperative Patients Need Psychological Therapy

D E F B C

Uncooperative Patients Need Psychological Therapy（卫生类）D E F B C

Mobile Phones

C B E A F

Looking to the Future

C D F A B

Looking to the Future(理工类)

C D F A B

Tests Show Women Suited for Space Travel C B A F D

Tests Show Women Suited for Space Travel C B A F D（理工类）

Agitated Sunspot Cause Trouble

F E D C B

c

Reinventing the Table

A B C D E

Don?t Rely on Plankton to Save the Planet

B C D E F

Dung to death

E D B

F A

“Happy Birthday to You”

B F A

C D

The World?s Longest Bridge

C B E F D

Ants as a Barometer of Ecological Change F D A B C

Stonehenge

A D F E B

Sleeping Giant

D C A B E

High Dive

C E

D A F

What Makes Me the Weight I Am?

F A C B E

Why Do People Shrink?

E F A C B

Leukemia

D E A F C

What Is Insulin-dependent Diabetes?

B E F A D

Bedwetting

More Efforts Urged to Empower Women at

第六部分完形填空

A health Profile

D D A C B B A A B D C D A B C Pretty Good

D A C C B C A D B C D C B D A

Captain Cook Arrow Legend

A B D B D A B C B B C A D A C

Car Thieves could Be Stopped Remotely

A D D C C

B B

C A C

D B A D C

China to help Europe Develop GPS Rival

C A C

D B D A C B D B A B D B Crashed Cars to Text Message for Help

C A C

D D B B D A D C C A D B

Diet, Alcohol Linked to Nearly One Third of Cancers

B C A D B A B A B C A C A C B

Passive Smoking Is Workplace Killer

A A C D

B B A B D B

C

D A C B Breastfeeding Can Cut Cardiovascular Risk B D A C B A D C A B D C B D A

Cultural Differences

A B C D A C C B D C A A D D A

The White House

C A A C B A A C C B

D C A B D

Racial Prejudice

A C A D

B A

C

D B A C A D B C

Public and Private Schools in the United States B C A A A C D B C A A B C A C

Squishy Cellphores Add a Buzz to Calls

C A

D B C A A C D A C A A D B

One Good Reason to Let Smallpox Live

A B C D A B C D A B C D A B C

Making the Leap

D B C A C D D B A B C D A C A

Wonder Webs

A B D C D C B A C B D C A B A

Many Children?s Deaths Preventable: WHO B A A C D A B D A C D A D B C

Healthy Food

A B C D A B D A C D A C D A D Hospital Mistreatment

D B B A B A C B A B C D D C A Scientists Develop Ways of Detecting Heart Attack

B D A D

C C A B

D C B A D C C

Eat for a Good and Healthful Life

D B A B B C D C B C B D A C B

9.C 10.B 11.A 12.C 13.D 14.A 15.D Walk a Quarter-Mile or Die

1.B

2.A

3.C

4.D

5.A

6.C

7.B

8.C

9.D 10.B 11.A 12.B 13.D 14.C 15.D

Robots May Allow Surgery in Space

1.C

2.A

3.D

4.C

5.B

6.B

7.D 8A 9.C 10.D 11.B 12.A 13.C 14.D 15.A London Cabbies

1. B

2. D

3. A

4. C

5. D

6. A

7. B

8. C

9. D10. A 11. B12. C13. B14. D15. A Hitchhiking

1. B

2. D

3. A

4. C

5. A

6. D

7. B

8. C

9. D10. A 11. B12. C13. B14. A15. D Sending E-mails to Professors

1. D

2. C

3. A

4. B

5. C

6. D

7. B

8. A

9. B10. C 11. B 12. C 13. D 14. A 15. D Health Insurance

1.C

2.B

3.D

4.B

5.A

6.D

7.B

8.C

9.C 10.C11. A 12.C 13.A 14.A 15.D

Rise in Number of Cancer Survivors

1.A

2.B

3.D

4.C

5.A

6.B

7.C

8.A

9.B 10.D 11.A 12.C 13.B 14.A 15.B World Heart Day

1.B

2.C

3.C

4.A

5.B

6.D

7.D

8.C

9.D 10.C 11.A 12.A 13.C 14.D 15.A

Where Have All Our Visitors Gone?

1.B

2.C

3.D

4.A

5.C

6.A

7.B

8.D

9.C 10.A 11.D 12.B 13.D 14.C 15.A Europe

1.B

2.D

3.A

4.D

5.C

6.A

7.D

8.C

9.B 10.C 11.A 12.B 13.C 14.D 15.B

Better Control of TB Seen If a Faster Cure 1.B 2.C 3.A 4.B 5.D 6.C 7.A 8.A 9.D 10.C 11.D 12.B 13.A 14.C 15.D 1.C 2.A 3.A 4.D 5.C 6.D 7.B 8.A 9.C 10.D 11.B 12.B 13.C 14.D 15.D 1.C 2.D 3.A 4.B 5.B 6.C 7.A 8.D 9.B 10.B 11.D 12.C 13.A 14.D 15.A 1.B 2.D 3.A 4.C 5.C 6.A 7.D 8.B 9.D 10.D 11.B 12.C 13.A 14.C 15.B 1.C 2.A 3.D 4.B 5.A 6.C 7.B 8.B 9.C 10.D 11.C 12.A 13.B 14.A 15.D D C B A B A D C C D A B B A C Solar Storm

A C

B D B

C A

D B C D C A D B

阅读理解参考译文

财富与不满

如果你的好心情随股市上下浮动，你自然会明白金钱买不到幸福的道理。

在1993年的一项美国研究表明，工资水平是和幸福成反比关系的：工资降低的人群要比工资提高的人群幸福得多。数以百计即将发表的关于此类主题的研究观点都支持这一调查结果。

在发达国家中，工资和幸福的关系接近于零，有时还是负数。

工资水平和幸福的关系系数处于0.12—0.18之间，美国的排名接近调查表中的底部位置；许多其他因素比工资更能诠释幸福。

而且，随着物质财富的攀升，我们的工资和对生活的满意度之间的差距似乎也在加剧。可以预见，金钱对穷人最有正面影响，但是一旦人们达到了生活的最低标准后，工资的增加几乎和幸福无关。

打开幸福大门的钥匙不是金钱，而是亲密关系。事实上一个人的朋友数量比他所拥有的财富能更好地印证他对生活的满足。花时间与家人和朋友相处，比通过努力获得高薪更能产生对生活的满足之感。顺便提一下，在美国，随着人们变得越来越富有，离婚的机率也越来越大了。

我们对友谊的需要一部分是出自天性。所有灵长类动物受到爱慕时，感到高兴，失去同伴时，感到伤悲。被单独豢养的猴子为了能多看一眼自己的同伴，连吃的都可以放弃。忽视了对友谊的本能需求，可能会导致身心上的异恙。

在美国，一项关于忧郁症的最新跨国研究表明，忧郁症在发达国家正呈上升趋势。值得一提的是，在美国，自从“二战”以后，称自己“非常不幸福”的人数呈下降趋势。

你可以很容易地证实，作为幸福的源泉，友谊比财富会更加称职。试着问一问自己：是什么更能影响你对生活的满意度：你的工资?还是亲友的关爱与孩子的健康?反之，是什么会使你感到更加沮丧：减薪?离婚或者没有朋友?

资本主义的成功之处在于它创造了巨大的物资财富，在构建和谐社会，维系家庭和睦方面却不太成功。然而，在追求物质财富上，发展中国家至今依然还有很多工作要做，在发展中国家，生产力的提升依然能极大地促进幸福感的增加。对于相对贫困的国家来说，从优先积累财富向优先建设和谐社会关系的时机尚未成熟。

难道我们会相信追求物质财富会达到自我满足吗?我们应该和别人一样继续享受财富吗?抑或是我们已知追求财富并不能让我们满足?

国际航空公司的经营

国际航空公司重新发现，商业游客经常定期乘坐国际航班，这甚至成为他们工作的一部分。这并不一定意味着国际航空曾经忽视了商业乘客。相反，汉莎航空公司和瑞士航空公司声称他们总是尽量满足商业人士阶层的乘客。但是许多航空公司被指责说过去太注重由运载量吸引乘客，造成老顾客的流失。公司经常为了数量而非质量进行调整。

主要航线的经营本质上是要为乘客找到合适的安排。航空公司可以让低价位机票乘客乘坐宽机身飞机的尾部，不能忘记前端需要让机票价位较高者乘坐。

两家主要的廉价航空公司的倒闭并不是巧合。但是低票价需要总是满机以使班机在经济方面可以生存，在最近的萧条期运载量并没有增长。容量过剩和残酷的竞争引起票价下降，迫使一些航空公司倒闭，把许多别的公司推到倒闭的边缘。

．在这种严峻的背景下，航空公司不断转向商业游客以提高利润率就不足为奇了。他们付出了大量的时间和精力去满足他们对座位的要求，并将他们与普通游客相区分。

在优先取舍的列表上还有准时性，经理们的时间是宝贵的。客机服务是航班为了争取商业人士注意力的又一个领域。免费的饮品，耳机和可口的食物都是很有诱惑力的因素。另外一个发展是强调座位的安排。老乘客对座位的倾斜度很精通——因为这会影响前后座之间的间隙。一等舱提供倾斜式，这样在长时间的旅程中，乘客能得到一个良好睡眠。实践证明，卧椅很受乘客们的喜爱，它将会在所有飞机的前端被普遍应用。

航空公司还试图改善地面服务。执行休息室增加了，这样乘客们等待航班的时间可以变得更好过一些。行李处理服务业改善了。不过遗憾的是，在加快繁琐的入境通关手续方面，航空公司能做的很有限。各大洲各阶层的乘客们只有继续厌烦沮丧的份了。

尽管航空公司的目的是从它们的竞争对手中吸引商业乘客，航空公司将尽力改变这类乘客的坏习惯——预定昂贵的机票却没有乘坐。这种现象在欧洲尤为广泛，商业人士经常在不同的航班预定返程机票。

全球变暖“缺油”

根据本周在瑞典乌普萨拉大学新发表的一个具争议性的分析，石油和天然气会在全球变暖这一世界末日的场景到来之前耗尽。作者警告说，在使大气中含有足够的二氧化碳来造成冰冠融化和温度升高等场景出现之前，石化燃料会先消耗殆尽。来自政府间气候变化专门委员会(IPCC)的专家为自己的预测辩护说，他们是根据一系列的石油及天然气存量预估来预测，并指出燃煤可轻易填补不足的差额。不过所有人都同意燃煤将会对地球造成更糟的影响。

IPCC的全球冰雪融化预测推动了l997年京都议定书的签署，签署国同意将缩减二氧化碳的总排放量。IPCC预测了一系列包含从无节制的使用化石燃料至快速过渡到较环保能源所将产生的未来场景。但是乌普萨拉大学的地质学家Anders Sivertsson，Kjell Alek— lett 和Colin Campbel l表示，即使是IPCC最保守的40个预测场景，也没有足够的石油和天然气存量使其成真。

尽管乌普萨拉大学对石油和天然气储存量的估算差别很大，但越来越多的研究者认为2010年将是石油供应的高峰期，紧接着就是天燃气。他们的分析表明石油和天燃气的储存

总量在35，000亿桶左右。而IPCC最乐观的估算是50，000亿桶左右。对世界石油和天然气存量的平均预测是80，000亿桶，这甚至是瑞典人估算值的两倍。

Nebojsa Nakicenovic是奥地利维也纳大学的能源专家和经济学家。他领导了多达80人的IPCC研究小组并作出了上述预测。他说，IPCC对世界燃料的存量估算仍然站得住脚。他认为和保守的瑞典人相比，IPCC的估算考虑到一些范围更广的、国际认定的燃料储存。

即使石油和天然气消耗殆尽,“还有大量的地下煤可以开采，”他说道，煤的燃烧能使 IPCC的预言成为现实。但他指出，从这一转换会产生灾难性的后果。煤比石油和天然气脏，每一能量单位的使用会产生更多的二氧化碳，并释放出大量的微粒。他说最近的研究给政策制定者们泼了盆冷水。

科学家重新定义年龄：40岁=30岁

40岁真的是新年龄定义中的30岁吗?在很多方面，如今的人们表现得比父辈们在同一年龄时要年轻。

科学家们重新定义了年龄的概念，认为新的年龄概念能够解释为什么人们在衰老的同时，却好像越来越年轻。

科学家此次不是用一个人来到这个世上多久这一标准来衡量年龄的，而是把人有望还活多少年作为考虑因素。

纽约大学的沃伦·桑德森说：“用这种方法，平均来看，每个人都更年轻，因为他们还有更长的生活时间。”

他和奥地利科学院维也纳人口统计研究所的谢尔盖·舍尔博夫用这种方法来推测今后德国、日本和美国的老年人比例将会有何种变化。

在2000年，德国人的平均年龄是39.9岁，他们还能再活39.2年。

然而，到2050年，德国人的平均年龄将为51.9岁，有望再活37.1年。所以，2050年的中年年龄大概为52岁，而在2000年，这个年龄是40岁。

桑德森说：“随着人们的寿命越来越长，他们不得不多储蓄、多规划，实际上他们表现得要更年轻。”

5年前，美国人的平均年龄为35.3岁，还能再活上43.5年。研究人员预测，到2050年，美国人的平均年龄会达到41.7岁，还能再活45.8年。

桑德森还说：“我们的技能、教育、储蓄以及我们的健康保健在很大程度上取决于我们还能活多少年。”

“目前，在讨论老龄问题时，还能活多少年这一问题被完全忽视。”

能载单人的步行机器人

本周五，首个能载单人的步行机器人在日本东京首次亮相展出。东京早稻田大学和机器人开发制造公司Tmsuk的研制者表示，他们希望这个具有两条“腿，，的机器人有一天能够帮助坐轮椅的人上下楼梯，而且还能在不平坦地形环境中协助人们移动重物。

这个由电池能量驱动的机器人，代号为WL--16，实际上是由一只铝制椅子焊接在两组

可伸缩的金属杆上构成的。这两组金属杆被螺丝分别固定在两块平板上，使得能像脚一样地行动。当承载一个重为60公斤(130磅)的成年人时，WL--16利用l2只驱动金属杆来向前、向后、向侧面移动。WL--16能随时调整姿势，即便是承载物在上面的椅子上动弹，它也仍然能够平稳前行。目前它只能向上向下步行若干米，但研制人员计划使它能够在普通的楼梯上行走。

早稻田大学的Atsuo Takanishi说，“我宁可称这双腿机器人为…两条腿走路的椅子，也不称它为…轮椅?，我相信它最终能协助承载在上面的人轻松地走楼梯。，，“我们已经制造出许多功能强大的机器人，但他们都是操作机器，还不适合载人。，，乔治亚理工学院和索尼公司机器人制造顾问Ron Arkin说，“但我们还不知道WL--16的安全性有多高，用户容不容易学会使用。”

Tmsuk公司的首席执行官Yoichi Takamoto指出，同样能在不平坦的路面上行走，双腿或多腿机器人将比那种应用所谓“毛毛虫移动模式”的机器人更具有用性。

WL--16的正常步伐是30厘米，但它还能将“腿”伸展分开达到136厘米。WL--16机器人原型目前是由无线电控制的，研制小组计划在将来装配一种让用户使用的控制杆。Takanishi表示，WL—l6机器人从现在逐步改进到最后投入市场使用至少还需要2年的时问。

一个小型的、紧靠地面行走的机器人被开发用来通过难走的区域。一个像蛆一样的机器人用磁流体产生脉动而前进，而另一个蛇状机器人在路面造成(机器人)任何部件的损坏时能用智能软件设计新的移动方案。一个球形机器人甚至用跳跃法穿行不平坦的路面。但这些机器人中没有一个可以用来载人。

完型填空参考译文

高科技战争

如今，高科技战争不再是一个抽象的概念，而是一个现实。科技决定着战术、社会学以及武器的发展。高科技战争还会造成战场上的变化。那么，由高科技的应用带来的现代战场的新的性质是什么呢?

高科技战争自然要包括高科技。在现代战场上，某种单一武器几乎不起作用。多样化的武器，如智能探测系统和信息处理，应当很好地相互配合使用。空中武器成为空中战场的主要力量。精确自导武器，如巡航导弹和带卫星自导系统的导弹，成为主要的攻击武器。战场控制系统起主导作用。多样化的武器和后勤系统整合为一个完整的框架，其核心是现代高科技武器。在电子战争中依靠各种先进的装备和手段能使我们的军队不处于被动挨打的地位。就战场而言，高科技战争造成了一种非线性的混乱局面。由于远距离精确武器的运用，战争中的对立双方无法“触到”或“看到”对方，而距离也不再是影响战争过程的决定性因素。前方和后方以及进攻和防守之间的界线很难界定。传统的海空三维战场将被由空、海、磁、电子及信息战场组成的多维战场取代。因此大规模的军事调动无法做到不

被发现。

由于现代武器系统与命令下达——通讯传递——电子科技这一链条紧密相关，因此有关的战争各方都得注意电磁频率的使用和控制。电子战从而越来越成为战争胜利重要且必要的保证。但不管战争发展到哪一阶段，给它披上什么样的外衣，它总是会破坏和平，给世界带来流血事件。大多数人认为高科技是提高生活水平的一种手段，他们不希望高科技被用来毁灭生命。

太阳风暴

2003年10月底，一场突如其来的太阳风暴袭击了地球。太阳风暴是太阳因能量增加向空间释放出的大量带电粒子。太阳能量的释放随太阳黑子活动周期每11年发生一次。这次，太阳风暴的强度超过了预计。

这一轮的太阳风暴是由2003年10月28日太阳耀斑的爆发和日冕物质喷射引起的。大量带电粒子在19小时内穿越1.5亿公里的距离经太空抵达地球。他们可能会影响在太空中漫游的飞行器。

高能粒子会破坏飞行器的某些部件。它们还可能会导致飞行器坠毁。高能粒子会威胁到位于高轨道上的飞行器的安全。当飞行器在较低的轨道上飞行时会很安全，因为它处于地球磁场的保护之下。

太阳风暴不仅会影响飞行器，还会对环境和人类产生威胁。大气层和地球磁场能保护人类免受紫外线和X光辐射。尽管大部分X光在进入地球时被大气层吸收了，但仍有少数能到达地球。这类辐射即使有，也只存在几分钟或十几分钟，因此对人的影响很小。

由这轮太阳风暴引起的地磁风暴在地球两极达到最高级，影响了美国北部的电力供应。过度暴露在辐射下会威胁到飞行在极地上空的飞机上的乘客的健康。如果我们在这样的太阳风暴中于空中飞行，意味着我们接受到十倍X射线的辐射量。这是非常有害的。科学家说太阳喷射好比太阳在打喷嚏，会让地球感冒。尽管这种自然力量是不可抗撰的，但科学家仍能根据监控准确探测其活动。面对连续出现的太阳风暴，人类不能放松警惕。

FTP学习资料下载

职称英语资料大全

职称英语考试试题库(理工类A级)

职称英语考试试题库(理工类B级)

职称英语考试试题库(理工类C级)

职称英语考试试题库(卫生类A级)

职称英语考试试题库(卫生类B级)

职称英语考试试题库(卫生类C级)

职称英语考试试题库(综合类A级)

职称英语考试试题库(综合类B级)

职称英语考试试题库(综合类C级)

2020年职称英语考试卫生类A级阅读理解练习及答案(4)

2020年职称英语考试卫生类A级阅读理解练习及答案 （4） Chronic Diseases：The World's Leading Killer Chronic diseases are the leading cause of death in the world.Yet health experts say these conditions are often the most preventable.Chronic diseases include heart disease,stroke,cancer,diabetes（糖尿病）and lung disorders. The World Health Organization says chronic diseases lead to about seventeen million early deaths each year.This United Nations agency expects more than three hundred eighty million people to die of chronic diseases by two thousand fifteen.It says about eighty percent of the deaths will happen in developing nations. The WHO says chronic diseases now cause two-thirds of all deaths in the Asia-Pacific area.In ten years it could be almost three-fourths.People are getting sick in their most economically productive years.In fact,experts say chronic diseases are killing more middle-aged people in poorer countries than in wealthier ones. The WHO estimates that chronic diseases will cost China alone more than five hundred thousand million dollars in the next ten years.That estimate represents the costs of medical treatment and lost productivity.Russia and lndia are also expected to face huge economic losses. Kim Hak-Su is the head of the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the https://www.wendangku.net/doc/bc14024958.html,st ween in

2015年职称英语理工类C级考试真题及答案

2015年职称英语理工类C级考试真题及答案第一部分：词汇选项 1. The weather last summer was awful. A. bad B. fair C. dry D. hot 参考答案：A 2. The law carries a penalty of up to three years in prison. A. message B. guilt C. obligation D. punishment 参考答案：D 3. My piano playing has improved significantly since I had a new teacher. A. definitely B. generally C. certainly D. greatly 参考答案：D 4. There is a need for radical changes in education.

A. revolutionary B. long-term C. short-term D. systematic 参考答案：A 5. It frustrates me that I‘m not able to put any of my ideas into practice. A. discourages B. shows C. surprises D. frightens 参考答案：A 6. I realized to my horror that I had forgotten the present. A. limit B. fear C. power D. fool 参考答案：B 7. He tried to assemble his thoughts. A. gather B. clear C. share D. spare

职称英语考试综合B试题真题完整版

职称英语考试综合B试题真题完整版 文档编制序号：[KK8UY-LL9IO69-TTO6M3-MTOL89-FTT688]

2016年职称英语综合B真题 第一部分：词汇选项（第1~15题，每题1分，共15分） 下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请为每处画线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。 1. All houses within 100 meters of the seas are (at risk) of flooding. A. out of control B. between equals C. in particular D. in danger 2. The idea was quite (brillian)t. A. positive B. clever C. key D. original 3. Stock market price (tumbled) after rumor of a rise in interest rate. A. regulated B. fell C. increased D. maintained

4. We are worried about this (fluid) situation full with uncertainty. A. stable B. suitable C. adaptable D. changeable 5. The (revelation) of his past led to his resignation. A. imagination B. confirmation C. disclosure D. recall 6. Jensen is a dangerous man, and can be very (brutal). A. careless B. strong C. cruel D. hard 7. The coastal has area has very (mild) winter, but the central plains remain extremely cold. A. warm B. severe C. hard D.dry

职称英语等级考试试题-综合

职称英语等级考试试题-综合A6 第三篇Play Play is the principal business of childhood, and in recent years research has shown the great importance of play in the development of a human being. From earliest infancy, every child needs opportunity and the right materials for play, and the main tools of play are toys. Their main function is to suggest, encourage and assist play. To succeed in this they must be good toys, which children will play with often, and will come back to again and again. Therefore it is important to choose suitable toys for different stages of a child’s development. In recent years research on infant development has shown that the standard a child is likely to reach, within the range of his inherited abilities, is largely determined in the first three years of his life. So a baby’s ability to profit from the right play materials should not be underestimated. A baby who is encouraged and stimulated, talked to and shown things and played with, has the best chance of growing up successfully. In the next stage, from three to five years old, curiosity knows no bounds. Every type of suitable toy should be made available to the child, for trying out, experimenting and learning, for discovering his own particular ability. Bricks and jigsaws（七巧板）and construction toys; painting, scribbling(涂鸦) and making things; sand and water play; toys for imaginative and pretending play; the first social games for learning to play and get on with others. Bt the third stage of play development-from five to seven or eight years-the child is at school. But for a few more years play is still the best way of learning, at home or at school. It is easier to see which type of toys the chills most enjoys.

2009年职称英语考试综合A级(11)真题及答案

2009年职称英语考试综合A级(11)真题及答案第一部分：词汇选项 1. Why can't you stop your (eternal) complaining? A. long B. everlasting C. temporary D. boring 2. Hundreds of buildings were (wrecked) by the earthquake. A. shaken B. damaged C. fallen D. jumped 3. These paintings are considered by many to be (authentic). A. faithful B. royal C. genuine D. sincere 4. Many economists have given in to the fatal (lure) of mathematics. A. attraction B. simplicity C. power D. rigor 5. Ten years after the event, her death still remains a (puzzle). A. mist B. tog C. mystery D. secret 6. irritated 答案：A. annoyed 7. duplicated 答案：D. copied 8. spurred 答案：B. encouraged 9. ample 答案：D. enough 10. marvels 答案：B. miracles 11. perpetual 答案：B. endless 12. shabby A. old B. unforgetable C. funny D. unfair

职称英语考试理工类B级真题及答案

2014职称英语《理工B》真题及答案(代码22) 第一部分：词汇选项 下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。 1. The majority of people around here are decent. A. real B. honest C. normal D. wealthy 答案：D 2. The curriculum was too narrow and too rigid. A. hidden B. traditional C. inflexible D. official 答案：C 3. The committee was asked to render a report on the housing situation. A. furnish B. copy C. publish D. summarize 答案：A 4. Afterwards there was just a feeling of let-down. A. excitement B. disappointment C. anger D. calm 答案：B 5. Several windows had been smashed. A. cleaned

C. fixed D. broken 答案：D 6. The worst agonies of the war were now beginning. A. pains B. parts C. aspects D. results 答案：A 7. London quickly became a flourishing port. A. major B. large C. successful D. commercial 答案：C 8. She felt that she had done her good deed for the day. A. homework B. justice C. model D. act 答案：D 9. He led a very moral life. A. human B. intelligent C. natural D. honourable 答案：D 好学教育2015年职称英语考试过关课程课件汇总：https://www.wendangku.net/doc/bc14024958.html,/RhFad1W 10. His stomach felt hollow with fear.

中石化职称英语考试试卷(中级)

试卷一 I. Vocabulary Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet. 1. It is possible to predict how much energy and water a building will consume, how much _______ will be needed. A. matter B. things C. material D. substance 2. They found that the positive thinkers sold 37 percent more insurance than did the_______ thinkers. A. negative B. positive C. active D. passive 3. In labs around the world, bad bugs are undergoing the ultimate rehabilitation, being _______ from life-threatening viruses and bacteria into lifesaving therapeutic agents. A. translated B. transported C. transformed D. transmitted 4. The fresh air is sometimes humid from the _______rainfall of this area. A. numerous B. abundant C. plenty D. substantive 5. We know that many animals _______ the deep seas at pressures of 15,000 pounds per square inch. A. live on B. live in C. live through D. live up to 6. Speakers and writers of the Germanic languages _______for a great deal of the world's output in everything from economics to literature to military to science and technology. A. account B. allow C. apply D. arrange 7. _______of the great state of Illinois, let me express my deepest gratitude for the privilege of addressing this convention. A. On account B. In honor C. In place D. On behalf 8. The companies that are finding ways to hang on to their older workers _______ from an intangible commodity: wisdom. A. obtain B. earn C. develop D. benefit 9. I raced to_______ Jill. A. keep on B. keep up with C. come up with D. come up to 10. Managers need to monitor inflation trends so they can make good _______. A. decisive B. decisions C. decide D. decided 11. Fluency can be _______ defined as "being able to communicate ideas without having to stop and think too much about what one is saying." A. simple B. simply C. similar D. simplify 12. The number of vehicles has been steadily increasing. _______, more than 100 cities in the United States still have levels of carbon monoxide that exceed legally established limits. A. Continuously B. Consequently C. Constantly D. Consistently 13. A(An) _______ is better than the text and may make the point clear. A. interpretation B. representation C. illustration D. draw 14. Some of the world's best mountain _______ is available within the 500-kilometer long chain of the Southern Alps. A. scene B. scenery C. scarce D. scare 15. After a through research, the police __ most of the missing jewels. A. retreated B. refreshed C. recovered D. reminded 16. A gold-rated building is estimated to have reduced its environmental impact by 50% compared with a(an) __ conventional building. A. equivalent B. alike C. uniform D. likely 17. When pessimists __ in their first attempt, they usually say, "I can't do this." A. feel B. fail C. defeat D. lost 18. Six years __ before she got another note from Teddy. A. went into B. went around C. went by D. went on 19. The company owns a large number of _______ stores. A. export B. bargain C. retail D. trade 20. The cost of self-education has fallen with the multitude of sources of knowledge and information _______ on CD-ROMs and the Internet. A. preferable B. ready C. available D. considerable II. Grammatical Structure Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet. 21. Put things back _______ you found them.

2011年职称英语理工A、B级新增文章含个人翻译46奇妙的超级材料

Marvelous metamaterials Invisibility cloaks would have remained impossible, forever locked in science fiction, had it not been for the development of metamaterials. In Greek, “meta” means beyond, and metamaterials can do things beyond what we see in the natural world — like shuffle light waves around an object, and then bring them back together. If scientists ever manage to build a full-fledged invisibility cloak, it will probably be made of metamaterials. “We are creating materials that don’t exist in nature, and that have a physical phenomenon that doesn’t exist in nature,” says engineer Dentcho Genov. “That is the most exciting thing.”Genov designs and builds metamaterials — such as those used in cloaking — at Louisiana Tech University in Ruston, Louisiana. An invisibility cloak will probably not be the first major accomplishment to come from the field of metamaterials. Other applications are just as exciting. In many labs, for example, scientists are working on building a hyperlens. A lens is a device — usually made of glass — that can change the direction of light waves. Lenses are used in microscopes and cameras to focus light, thus allowing a researcher to see small things or a photographer to capture image of things that are far away. A hyperlens, however, would be made of metamaterials. And since metamaterials can do things with light that ordinary materials can’t, the hyperlens would be a powerful tool. A hyperlens would allow researchers to see things at the smallest scale imaginable — as small as the wavelength of visible light.

职称英语考试理工类B级考试试题

职称英语考试理工类B级考试试题(1)2 第2部分：阅读判断（第16-22题，每题1分，共7分） 阅读下面这篇短文。短文后列出了7个句子。请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息。请在答题卡上把A涂黑：如果该句提供的是错误信息。请在答题卡上把B涂黑：如果该句的信息文章中没有提及。请在答题卡上把C涂黑。 The Smog（烟雾） For over a month. Indonesia was in crisis. Forest fires raged out of control as the country Suffered its worst drought for 50 years . Smoke form the fires mixed with sunlight and hot dry air to form a cloud of smog This pollution quickly spread and within days it was hanging over neighbouring countries including Malaysia.Singapore and Thailand When the smoke combined with pollution from factories and cars.it soon became poisonous （有毒的）。Dangerous amounts of CO became trapped under the smog and pollution levels rose. People wheezed f喘息）and coughed as they left the house and their eyes watered immediately. The smog made it impossible to see across streets and whole cities disappeared as grey soot （烟灰）covered everything.In some areas，water was hosed（用胶管浇）from high—rise city buildings to tIY and break up the smog.

2015年全国职称英语等级考试综合类(C级)试题及答案

2015职称英语综合类C真题及答案(完整版) 第1部分：词汇选项(第1-15题，每题1分，共15分) 下面每个句子中均有1个词语或短语画有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。 1 Railways are the most important mode of transport for the economy. A way B factor C objective D source 2 The law carries a penalty of up to three years in prison. A message B punishment C guilt D obligation 3 He said some harsh words about his brother. A proper B normal C unclear D unkind 4 I am going as a favor to Ann because I have to. A partner B help C drive D guide 5 We need to identify the potential problem. A man B possible C immediate D common 6 When did you first encounter these difficulties? A create B experience C present D resolve 7 Don’t tempt thieves by leaving valuable clearly visible. A attract B alarm C catch D spot 8 There is a need for radical changes in education.

2011年职称英语真题综合类C级原文及译文

Travel Across Africa For six hours we shot through the barren（荒芜的）landscape of the Karoo desert in South Africa.Just rocks and sand and baking sun.Knowing our journey was ending,Daniel and I just wanted to remember all we had seen and done.He used a camera. I used words.I had already finished three notebooks and was into the fourth,a beautiful leather notebook I’d bought in a market in Mozambique. Southern Africa was full of stories.And visions.We were almost drunk on sensations.The roaring（咆哮）of the water at Victoria Falls,the impossible silence of the Okavango Delta in Botswana. And then the other things:dogs in the streets,whole families in Soweto living in one room a kilometre from clean water. As we drove towards the setting sun,a quietness fell over us.The road was empty—we hadn’t seen another car for hours. And as I drove,something caught my eye,something moving close

职称英语理工类A真题及答案(完整版)

2015职称英语理工类A真题及答案(完整版) 第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分) 下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。 1. I will not tolerate that sort of behavior in my class. A. control B. observe C. regulate D. accept 2. She showed a natural aptitude for the work. A. sense B. talent C. flavor D. taste 3. Most people find rejection hard to accept. A. excuse B. client C. refusal D. destiny 4. The organization was bold enough to face the press. A. pleased B. powerful C. brave D. sensible 5. They were locked in mortal combat. A. deadly B. open C. actual D. active 6. We were attracted by the lure of quick money. A. amount B. supply C. tempt D. sum 7. The procedures were perceived as complex and less transparent. A. clear B. necessary C. special D. correct 8. The Stock Exchange is in turmoil following a huge wave of selling. A. Service B. danger C. disorder D. threat 9. He believes that Europe must change or it will perish. A. survive B. last C. die D. move

职称英语考试真题及答案

2016职称英语考试真题及答案 第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题l分，共15分) 下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语有下划线，请为每处下划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。 1、Have you talked to her?lately? https://www.wendangku.net/doc/bc14024958.html,stly B.finally C.shortly D.recently 2、 About?one quarter of?the workers in the country are employed in factories. A.third B.fourth C.tenth D.fifteenth 3、 The dentist has decided to?extract?her bad tooth. A.take out B.repair C.push in D.dig 4、 We shall keep the money in a?secure?place. A.clean

B.secret C.distant D.safe 5、 This table is strongand?durable. A.long-lasting B.extensive C.far reaching D.eternal 6、 He endured agonies before he finally?expired. A.fired B.resigned C.died D.retreated 7、 There are only five minutes left, but the?outcome?of the match is still in doubt. A.result B.judgement C.estimation D.event 8、 The great changes of the city?astonished?every visitor to that city A.attacked

2011职称英语单词汇总

第一题 常考职称英语考试单选题常用词对完整版 achieved——attained完成, 达到 account for——explain说明, 占, 解决, 得分 accused of——charged with控告, 谴责, 非难 assembled——gathered装配,组合 alleviated——lessened使(痛苦等)易于忍受, 减轻 abide by——stick to坚持, 遵守 arouses——excites成列地, 持续地 at stake——in danger危如累卵, 危险 attended to——waited on出席者,参加者,在场者 abided by——adhered to坚持, 遵守 adverse——unfavorable不利的, 敌对的, 相反的 appalling——dreadful令人震惊的, 骇人听闻的 anyhow——anyway无论如何, 总之 an improved——a better改善, 改进 asserted——stated firmly宣称的(尚待证实的)的 abrupt——sudden突然的, 陡峭的, 生硬的 allocated——assigned / distributed分派, 分配 annoying——irritating恼人的, 讨厌的 allocate——assign分派, 分配 a branch——a division枝, 分枝, 分部,分科, 部门, abnormal——unusual反常的, 变态的 an abundant——a plentiful丰富的, 充裕的, 丰富 accelerate——step up加速, 促进 accumulate——collect积聚, 堆积 abandoned——given up被抛弃的, 自甘堕落的, authentically——genuinely确实地, 真正地 breaks——beats打破, 违犯, 折断, 削弱, 超过 ban——forbid禁止, 取缔 bearing——influence轴承, 关系, 方面, 意义, barren——bare不生育的,贫瘠的, 没有结果的 blend——mix混和(或admix) concise——short and clear简明的, 简练的 courteous——well-informed有礼貌的, 谦恭的 credible——convincing可信的, 可靠的 contended——argued斗争, 竞争, 主张 converted——changed使转变, 转换使...改变信仰 census——count人口普查 conscientious——careful尽责的 consolidated——strengthened加固的; 整理过的 contaminated——polluted污染 collided with——ran into碰撞,冲突 compelled——forced强迫,迫使,强要

2019年职称英语考试理工类：补全短文

2019年职称英语考试理工类：补全短文 One of the most important developments in newspaper organization during the first part of the twentieth century ______（1）_______, which are known as wire services. Wire-service companies employed reporters, who covered stories all over the world. Their news reports were sent to papers throughout the country by telegraph. The papers paid an annual fee for this service. Wire services continue _______（2）________. Today the major wire services are the Associated Press （AP） and United Press International （UPI）。 You will frequently find AP or UPI at the beginning of a news story. Newspaper chains and mergers began to appear in the early 1900s. A chain consists of two or more newspapers _______（3）______. A merger involves combining two or more papers into one. During the nineteenth century many cities had more than one competitive independent paper. Today in most cities there are only one or two newspapers, and _______（4）______. Often newspapers in several cities belong to one chain. Papers have combined ________（5）_______. Chains and mergers have cut down production costs and brought the advantages of big-business methods to the newspaper industry. A. to play an important role in newspaper operations B. was the growth of telegraph services C. and they usually enjoy great prestige D. they are usually operated by a single owner E. in order to survive under the pressure of rising costs