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非谓语动词3

【本讲教育信息】

一. 教学内容：

非谓语动词

二、动词不定式复习中应注意的几个问题

1. 不定式作表语与“be + to do sth.”的异同。不定式作表语说明主语的内容或性质。

His job is to guard.(说明内容)

be + to do sth.(表示按计划要做的事)

2. 用带to的不定式作宾语的词语。

下列词语常用带to 的不定式作宾语：afford、promise、refuse、expect、hope、learn、offer、wish、want、fail、plan、agree、forget、like、prefer、decide、manage、try、arrange、determine、desire等。

下列动词后可接疑问词+带to不定式：teach、decide、wonder、show、learn、forget、ask、find out、advise、discuss等。

3. 如何理解和使用不定式作宾补。

①动词see、watch、notice、hear、listen to、observe、feel、taste、smell、make、let、have 等的宾补用动词原形，变被动时要加to,此时的不定式就是主语补足语。

②常用带to的不定式作宾补的几种情况：

（1）主语+ ask / require / tell / order / force / get / want / like + sb.to do sth.

（2）主语+ think / judge / suppose / believe / consider /imagine/

consider / feel + sb. + to be/ to have done

（3）主语+ call on / upon / depend on / wait for / ask for + sb.+ to do sth.

4. 不定式作定语的特殊用法。

①下列词语后常接不定式作定语：chance、wish、right、courage、need、promise、time、opportunity、way、the first、the second、the last、the only等。

②不定式作定语和所修饰的名词在逻辑上有主谓关系。

There is no one to look after her.

③不定式与被修饰的名词在逻辑上有动宾关系。

She is now looking for a room to live in.

5. 不定式作状语的用法。

不定式作状语，修饰动词，在句中表示行为目的、结果、原因。only to do表示出人意料的结果。

We hurried to the classroom only to find none there .

in order(not)to, so as(not)to用来引导目的状语,enough, too, so… as to do, such + 名词… as to do作结果状语，如:The girl was so kind as to help the old man off the bus.

I’m not such a fool as to believe that.

6. 不定式的完成时的特殊用法。

①表示不定式中谓语动词发生的动作先于主句的谓语动词发出的动作。

The novel was said to have been published.

I regret to have been with you for so many years.

seem、appear、be said、be supposed、be believed、be thought、be known、be reported 等动词常用于上面句型。

此外，glad、happy、satisfied、sorry、surprised、disappointed后也接完成时，但要注意与一般时的区别。

I’m sorry to keep you waiting for a minute.对不起，请稍等。（说话时还未等很久）

I’m sorry to have kept you waiting.对不起，让你久等了。（说话时已等了很久）

②不定式的完成时还可表示“过去本想做某事但未做”的虚拟语气。（A）should like to / would like to / would love to + 不定式的完成时。（B）was / were to + 不定式的完成时，表示该做某事或想做但未实现。（C）expect / hope / mean / promise / suppose / think / want/ wish + 不定式的完成时，表示过去未曾实现的愿望。

7. 不定式的省略。

①同一结构并列由and或or连接。

I want to finish my homework and go home.

I’m really puzzled what to think or say.

特例：To be or not to be,this is a question.

He is better to laugh than to cry.(表示对比)

②不定式作表语，其前面的主语从句中含有do时，后面的to省略。

What he did was lose the game.

③句中含有动词do时，but、except、besides、such as等后面的to可省略。即“前有do,后省to”。

Don’t do anything silly, such as marry him.

④主句含有不定式，后面有rather than, rather than后省to。

⑤why not、had better、would rather、can’t but等词后省to。如：

He could not but walk home.

8. 不定式的替代。

多用在同一句或联系紧密的对话中，为了避免重复，作宾语或主补，宾补的不定式再次出现时，to后的内容常承前省略（只保留to即可）。但如果承前省略的不定式有助动词have 或be的任何形式，后应该保留原形be或have。如：

Susan is not what she used to be.

—You came late last night. You ought to have finished your

homework.

—I know I ought to have.

常见的有：I’d like / love / be happy to.

三、动名词复习中应注意的几个问题

1. 动名词作宾语。

①下列动词后只能接动名词：suggest, finish, avoid, stop, can’t help, mind, enjoy, require, practise, miss, escape, pardon, advise, consider, imagine, keep, appreciate, permit。

②下列动词短语接动名词：leave off, put off, give up, look forward to, feel like, have trouble / difficulty(in) , devote to, get used to, pay attention to, be fond of, be worth。

③介词后要接动名词。what about、how about、without、be fond of、be good at等介词后接动名词。注意on / upon doing sth. = as soon as 引导的从句中；作此意讲时on / upon后也可以接名词。如on his arrival…。

④动名词作宾语和动词不定式作宾语的区别：

四、分词复习应注意的几个问题

1. 现在分词在句中作时间、原因、伴随、条件、结果等状语。

①时间状语（分词作状语前面可加when, while等）

Hearing the good news, he jumped with great joy.

Not having finished her work in time, the boss fired her.

②原因状语

Seeing nobody at home, he decided to leave them a note

③伴随状语

The girls came in, following their parents.

④结果状语

The poor old man died, leaving nothing to his children.

注意：现在分词作状语的几个特性。①时间性。与谓语动词同时发生，用一般时，如发生在谓语动作之前时则用完成式having done。②语态性。与句子的主语之间的关系，是主谓关系或动宾关系。遵循的规则“主动进行，被动完成”。③人称一致性。分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。

2. 分词作表语。

S. + be + 动词-ed表示被动，主语是人；S. + be + 动词-ing表示主动，主语是物。分词作宾补、不定式作宾补的区别：

五、复习过去分词应注意的几个问题

过去分词作状语，相当于一个状语从句，用来说明原因、时间、条件等。

1. 过去分词作原因状语

Tired by the trip, he soon fell asleep.

= Because he was tired by the trip, he soon fell asleep.

Lost in thought , he almost ran into a car.

=As he was lost in thought, he almost ran into a car.

2. 作时间状语

Seen from the hill, the city looks like a garden.

=When the city is seen from the hill, it looks like a garden.

3. 作条件状语

Given more time, I would have worked out the problem.

=If I have been given more time, I would have worked out the problem.

4. 伴随状语

The teacher came in, followed by some students.

=The teacher came in and was followed by some students.

分词短语作状语时，通常与主句中的主语在逻辑上一致，但有时它也可以有自己独立的逻辑上的主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构。如：

Her grandfather being ill, she had to stay at home looking after him.

六、精典名题导解

1. __________such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.(NMET 2001)

A. Having suffered

B. Suffering

C. To suffer

D. Suffered

解析：答案为A。本题考查分词短语作状语的用法。分词作状语，其逻辑主语必须是句子的主语，而本句的主语看似是it,其实它为形式主语，真正的主语为不定式，而不定式省略了逻辑主语for people，所以应用现在分词，又因already，应用完成时。

2. One learns a language by making mistakes and _______ them.(2001年春季高考)

A. correct

B. correcting

C. corrects

D. to correct

解析：答案为B。本题考查动名词作介词宾语的用法。介词by意为“通过……，凭……”，后面常接动名词，形成“by+ v. –ing ”结构，表示通过做某事而得到某种结果。本题中只有correcting符合。

3. The picture _________ on the wall is painted by my nephew.(2000年春季高考)

A. having hung

B. hanging

C. hangs

D. being hung

解析：答案为B。本题考查现在分词作定语的用法。根据句意“墙上挂的那幅画是我侄子画的”，可知空白处所填的动词形式在句中作定语，表说话时仍在进行的动作或所处的状态，解题关键在于分析picture与hang之间的逻辑关系。

【模拟试题】

非谓语动词专题练习

1. He looked around and caught a man _______ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.

A. put

B. to be putting

C. to put

D. putting

2. I’m going to the supermarket this afternoon. Do you have anything _______?

A. to be buying

B. to buy

C. for buying

D. to be bought

3. ______in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.

A. To wait

B. Have waited

C. Having waited

D. To have waited

4. _______the programme, they have to stay there for another two weeks.

A. Not completing

B. Not completed

C. Not having completed

D. Having not completed

5. I had no choice but _______ there alone.

A. walking

B. walked

C. to walk

D. walk

6. Sandy could do nothing but ______ to his teacher that he was wrong.

A. admit

B. admitted

C. admitting

D. to admit

7. Mr Smith, ______of the _______ speech, started to read a novel.

A. tired; boring

B. tiring; bored

C. tired; bored

D. tiring; boring

8. The teacher asked us _______so much noise.

A. don’t make

B. not make

C. not making

D. not to make

9. _______time, he’ll make a first-class tennis player.

A. Having given

B. To give

C. Giving

D. Given

10. In some parts of London, missing a bus means_________ another hour.

A. waiting

B. to wait

C. wait

D. to be waiting

11. ——Why did you go back to the shop? ——I left my friend_________there.

A. waiting

B. to wait

C. wait

D. waits

12. I’ve worked with children before, so I know what ________in my new job.

A. expected

B. to expect

C. to be expecting

D. expects

13. Jane was made ______ the truck for a week as a punishment.

A. to wash

B. washing

C. wash

D. to be washing

14. ________in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.

A. Being founded

B. It was founded

C. Founded

D. Founding

15. When ________help, one often says “Thank you.” Or “It is kind of you.”

A. offering

B. to offer

C. to be offered

D. offered

16. The teacher couldn’t make himself _______ attention to because they were too noisy.

A. pay

B. paid

C. to pay

D. to be paid

17. Which do you enjoy ______ your weekends, fishing or watching TV?

A. spending

B. spend

C. being spent

D. to spend

18. The computer centre, ______ last year, is very popular among the students in this school.

A. open

B. opening

C. having opened

D. opened

2005年广东高考原题：

19. He glanced over at her, ________ that though she was tiny, she seemed very well put together.

A. noting

B. noted

C. to note

D. having noted

20. He hurried to the station only _______that the train had left.

A. to find

B. finding

C. found

D. to have found

【试题答案】

1. D catch sb. doing sth. 抓住某人正在做某事

2. D “我要去超市，你有没有东西要买。”应用Do you have anything to buy?

3. C Tom与wait是主动关系，且非谓语部分状语用了for half an hour,应完成时

4. C doing 的否定形式是not doing ；to do的否定形式是not to do

5. C have no choice but to do sth.

6. A but 前有实义动词do时but 后的动词不定式省去to

7. A v-ed作形容词用来修饰人的心理感受，v-ing作形容词用来修饰事物

8. D ask sb. (not) to do sth.

9. D give与主语he是被动关系

10. A mean doing意味着mean to do打算做某事

11. A leave sb. doing sth.使某人处于某种状态

12. B 疑问词+ to do

13. A make/let/have sb. do sth.使某人做某事这些动词短语的被动语态被省去的to要还原

14. C

15. D 当时间/条件状语从句与主句的主语是同一个时，从句的主语与be可以省略。When (one is) offered,…..

16. B

17. C

18. D

19. A

20. A only to do 结果出乎意料

非谓语动词非谓语形式(详细)

动词非谓语形式一．基本概念：顾名思义，不担任谓语成分而担任其他语法功能的动词称为非谓语动词，有to do （动词不定式） / -ing （现在分词 / 动名词） / -ed （过去分词）三个形式。由于他们不受主语人称和数的限制，故也称为"非限定动词"。（学习中不要刻意去区分现在分词和动名词）二．非谓语动词的时态和语态意义：英语中动词有两大基本特征：时态和语态的变化。非谓语动词也是动词，当然也具备动词的这两大特征。 1. 时态概念：非谓语动词只有"过去、现在和将来"三个时间概念，他与谓语动词时态的区别是：谓语动词表示的是实际时间概念，如I am learning English.是指讲话的时候或那段时间里"我正在学英语"。而非谓语动词的"过去、现在和将来"是指相对于谓语动词而言的"过去、现在和将来"，即先于谓语动词的行为或状态称为"过去时"，与谓语动词的行为或状态发生在同一时间（段）的称为"现在时"，而发生在谓语动词的行为或状态之后的称为"将来时"。这个时间概念对于后面要讲的非谓语动词的句法功能是非常重要的。 2. 语态概念：与谓语动词一样，非谓语动词也有主动语态和被动语态之分。也就是要记住四句话： (1) 表示将来时； (2) 表示现在时； (3) 表示过去时（一定是被动的） (4) 动词不定式的完成时表示过去时非谓语动词的上述时态和语态概念是理解非谓语动词句法功能、应试判题和翻译的基础。请你判断一下，下面句子中的非谓语动词是什么时态和语态： Your duty is to look after the sick child. (你的责任是照料这个病孩。将来/ 主动) The sick child needs to be looked after by a special person. (这个病孩需要专人照顾。将来 / 被动)

(完整版)非谓语动词专项练习题

非谓语动词专项训练一、① I want one magazine ______ . ( read ) ②My teacher wanted me ______ this question . ( answer ) ③The woman wanted her husband ______ at once . ( examine ) ④My bicycle wants _______ . ( repair ) 二、①What made you ______ so ? ( think ) ②The girl was made _____ a man she didn't love at all . ( marry ) ③The show made me _______ in the study of science . ( interest ) ④He raised the picture to make everyone _______ clearly . ( see ) ⑤He raised his voice to make himself _______ . ( hear ) ⑥My father himself made some candles _______ light . ( give ) ⑦The boss had the workers _______ day and night . ( work ) 三、①You'd better get your own room _______ . ( clean ) ②Yesterday he got his wallet _______ . ( steal ) ③You should get your friends _______ you . ( help ) ④The lecture got us _______ . ( think ) ⑤Don't get ________ in the rain . ( catch ) 四、①Did you see somebody _______ into the room ? ( steal ) ②I saw him _______ in the room at that time . ( read ) ③She was glad to see her child ________ good care of . ( take ) ④I saw her _______ at the windows , thinking . ( seat ) ⑤She was seen ________ here . ( come ) 五、①I like _______ very much . ( swim ) ②I don't like _______ TV at this time . ( watch ) ③He never likes _______ at the meeting . ( praise ) ④I feel like _______ to the cinema . ( go ) ⑤Would you like ______ with me ? ( go ) 六、①The man ______ at the meeting now is from the south . ( speak ) ②I don't know the professor ______ at the meeting tomorrow . ( speak ) ③He is the professor _______ to dinner . ( invite ) 七、①It was so cold and he had the fire _______ all night long . ( burn ) ②I have a lot of exercises ________ today . ( do ) ③"Do you have nay clothes _______ today ? "asked Mother . ( wash ) ④You'd better have that bad tooth _______ out . ( pull ) ⑤I want to have him _______ a car for me . ( find ) 八、①He doesn't do anything but _______ all day . ( play ) ②We have no choice but _______ . ( obey ) ③I'm thinking of how _______ my English . ( improve ) ④He made an apology for _____ late . ( be ) 九、①He told us about his trip in an _______ voice . ( excite ) ②He told us his story in a _______ voice . ( tremble ) ③At the sight of a snake , the little girl was very _______ . ( frighten ) ④The boy was _______ , so I didn't believe him again . ( disappoint ) 十、①He is looking forward to ______ college . ( enter ) ②He is looking forward to _____ nothing . ( see ) (类似于turn to do)

非谓语动词专项及解析(1)

必备英语非谓语动词专项及解析一、非谓语动词 1．The WWF is working hard _________ the animals in danger． A. save B. to save C. saves D. saved 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意：世界自然基金会正努力工作来拯救处于危险中的动物。此处表示目的，应该用动词不定式。故选B。【点评】考查动词不定式。动词不定式表示目的。 2．— Please stay with me this weekend. —I'm sorry, but my father and I planned _________ Beijing a long time ago. A. visit B. visiting C. to visit D. visited 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：——这个周末请和我呆在一起吧。——我很抱歉，但是我父亲和我很久前就计划去参观北京了。plan to do sth.，计划做某事，动词不定式作宾语，故选C。【点评】此题考查动词不定式。注意固定短语plan to do sth. 3．To live a low-carbon life, we must remember ________ the lights when we leave the room. A. to turn off B. turning off C. not to turn off 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意：要过低碳生活，我们必须记住离开房间时要关掉灯。remember （not）to do sth.忘记要做的事；remember doing sth.忘记已经做过的事。根据句末when we leave the room.可知关灯的动作还没有做，此处表示肯定含义，要用不定式的肯定式，故选A。【点评】考查动词remember的固定搭配。根据所表示的含义选择正确的搭配。 4．Most people enjoy other people games. A. watching; plays B. to watch; to play C. watching; playing D. watching; to play 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意:许多人喜欢看别人做游戏。喜欢做某事:enjoy doing sth后跟动名词作宾语;看某人做某事:watch sb do sth（用省to的不定式表示看到了整个过程）;watch sb doing sth（用动名词表示看到了动作在发生）。人们喜欢看别人在做游戏而不一定是整个过程，故选C。 5． Though he often made his little sister ______, today he was made ______ by his little sister. A. cry; to cry B. crying; crying C. cry; cry D. to cry; cry 【答案】 A

专题五非谓语动词(全国卷)

专题五非谓语动词（全国卷）学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ 一、用单词的适当形式完成句子单句语法填空 1．(2019·全国Ⅰ)Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive __________(perform) consistently over a large area. 2．(2019·全国Ⅰ)Scientists have responded by __________(note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are higher than they actually are. 3．(2019·全国II)A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for __________(be) Britain’s oldest full-time employee—still working 40 hours a week. 4．(2019·全国II)Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene declared she had no plans __________(retire) from her 36-year-old business. 5．(2019·全国II)When we got a call __________(say) she was short-listed, we thought it was a joke. 6．(2019·全国III)On the last day of our week-long stay, we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, __________(listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals. 7．(2018·全国Ⅰ)You don’t have to run fast or for long __________(see) the benefit. 8．(2018·全国Ⅰ)You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of __________(die) early by running. 9．(2018·全国II)The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice __________(improve) water quality. 10．(2018·全国II)China’s approach to protecting its environment while __________(feed) its citizens offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide. 11．(2018·全国III)I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid __________(look) directly into his eyes so he doesn’t feel __________(challenge). 12．(2018·全国III)Once his message was delivered, he allowed me __________(stay) and watch. 13．(2017·全国Ⅰ)They are required __________(process) the food that we eat. 14．(2017·全国Ⅰ)By __________(eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than

非谓语动词有3种方式

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We love moving movies. 我们喜欢动人的电影。 There are some fallen leaves on the ground now. 现在地上有些落叶了。相当于一个形容词词组： China will be a highly developed country in dozens of years. 再过几十年中国将成为一个高度发达的国家。相当于一个形容词从句： She saw a small bird wounded in one wing. 她看见一只有个翅膀受伤的小鸟。作状语时-兼有副词性质，相当于一个副词、副词词组或者副词从句(状语从句)。相当于一个副词： She was happy to come. 她很高兴地来了。相当于一个副词词组： To be frank (frankly),I disagree with you. 坦率地说，我不同意你的话。相当于一个副词从句： Being late for class (=Because he was late for class), Tom was afraid to enter the classroom.

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