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泛读资料

by Gerhart A. Drucker 杰哈德?A?德鲁克

Information related to the text

Snowman: humanlike creature so named because it is associated with the perpetual snow region of the Himalayas. A figure unknown except through tracks ascribed to it and through alleged encounters, it is described as being 6 to 8 ft (1.8 to 2.4 m) tall and covered with long, dark hair. Attempts after the 1950s to verify the authenticity of its tracks (notably by Sir Edmund Hillary in 1960) have yielded no conclusive results. Most scholars dismiss the existence of the creature. A somewhat similarly described creature of W North America is known as Bigfoot or Sasquatch.

Language notes

1) These peaks all straddle the boundary between Nepal and China or Nepal and India.

（所有这些险峻的峰峦都座落在尼中或尼印边界上。）

This part means that these peaks are located on both sides of the border between Nepal and China or Nepal and India.

2) A wooden stairway, equipped with the luxury of a handrail, led upstairs.

（一段楼梯已经磨损，溜滑的木质楼梯直通楼上，楼梯居然还装有扶手。）

This sentence can be paraphrased as though very simple and crude, the stairway unexpectedly had a handrail that seemed not well matched with the crudeness of it.

3) And then, no doubt, breaking every rule of Sharpa etiquette....

（接着，我无疑打破了夏巴人礼节上的一切清规戒律......）

Etiquette means customs. This part means: and then, doubtlessly, acting against the customs of Sharpa tribe......

4) That night sleep confused me.

（那天晚上我难以成眠。）

The sentence means that night, I didn't sleep well.

5) At this moment my flashlight went completely dead, and neither shaking or cajoling could revive it.

（就在这时，我的手电筒灭了。无论我如何摆弄，就是不亮。）

To cajole means to coax or persuade someone to do something.

To revive it means to make it light up again.

6) On the fourth step down I slipped, fell, and was just barely able, with my right hand, to check my slide.

（刚走下四级，我就滑了一跤，幸而右手抓着扶手才算没滑下楼去。）

To check my slide means to prevent me from sliding further down.

e.g. The government is determined to check the growth of public spending.

7) Then my flashlight banged against a step and, miraculously, the light sprang back to life.

（手电筒在楼梯上碰了一下，这时竟突然奇迹般地亮了。）

The light sprang back to life means the flashlight suddenly lit up again.

8) My budget was tight, yet I handed him a $20 bill.

（我手头并不宽裕，但我还是给了他一张二十美元的钞票。）

This sentence means that although I haven't got much extra money apart from the money I planned to spend during the trip, I handed him a $20 bill.

9) Then my trek mates and our crew came, and soon a boiled potato gathering was in full swing.

（旅伴们和随行的人们随后也都到了，不久人们又聚集在一起，热热闹闹地煮土豆吃。）

In full swing means fully active.

e.g. The party was in full swing when he arrived.

D. Discussing the following topics.

1. How did Pasang Puti save the narrator?

When the narrator was lying on the stair, holding the handrail with feeble hand, helplessly facing the menacing horns of a yak, Pasung Puti approached the yak and hit him with a stick. Then, she came up the stairs, helped the narrator to his feet, guided him to the outhouse, and afterwards escorted him back to his bunk.

2. What did the narrator do to help Pasang Puti afterwards?

The narrator proposed that the girl be sent to school. He also gave the host 20 dollars for the purchase of the girl's school clothes. They did send her to school as a result, and the girl really enjoyed the school activities Text 2 A New Future for Dorah

Information related to the text

1) South Africa

It is a country blessed with an abundance of natural resources including fertile farmlands and unique mineral resources. South African mines are world leaders in the production of diamonds and gold as well as strategic metals such as platinum. The climate is mild, reportedly resembling the San Francisco bay area weather more than anywhere in the world.

2) Apartheid in Africa

Racial segregation and the supremacy of whites had been traditionally accepted in South Africa prior to 1948, but in the general election of that year, Daniel F. Malan officially included the policy of apartheid in the Afrikaner Nationalist party platform, bringing his party to power for the first time. Although most whites acquiesced in the policy, there was bitter and sometimes bloody strife over the degree and stringency of its implementation.

The purpose of apartheid was separation of the races: not only of whites from nonwhites, but also of nonwhites from each other, and, among the Africans (called Bantu in South Africa), of one group from another. In addition to the Africans, who constitute about 75% of the total population, those regarded as nonwhites include those people known in the country as Coloured (people of mixed black, Malayan, and white descent) and Asian (mainly of Indian ancestry) populations.

Under the prime ministership of Hendrik Verwoerd apartheid developed into a policy known as "separate development," whereby each of the nine African (Bantu) groups was to become a nation with its own homeland, or Bantustan. An area totaling about 14% of the country's land was set aside for these homelands, the remainder, including the major mineral areas and the cities, being reserved for the whites.

In 1962 the South African government established the first of the Bantustans, the Transkei, as the homeland of the Xhosa people, and granted it limited self-government in 1963, later becoming "independent." Bophuthatswana, Ciskei, and Venda were also granted "independence," but no nation other than South Africa recognized them. Lebowa, Kangwane, Gazankulu, Qwaqwa, KwaZulu, and KwaNdebele were declared

“self-governing” in the 1970s.

None of the reserves were viable nations; they were made up of broken tracts of poor-quality land, riddled with erosion and incapable of supporting their large designated populations. With no industry, opportunities for employment were few. Urban wage earners attempted to contribute to the support of their families in the reserves, but the level of black wages was so low that this was barely feasible. In 1994 the Bantustans were abolished and the territories were reabsorbed into the nation of South Africa.

Despite public demonstrations, UN resolutions, and opposition from international religious societies, apartheid was applied with increased rigor in the 1960s. In 1961 South Africa withdrew from the Commonwealth of Nations rather than yield to pressure over its racial policies, and in the same year the three South African denominations of the Dutch Reformed Church left the World Council of Churches rather than abandon apartheid. Although the policy of apartheid was continued under Prime Minister John Vorster there was some relaxation of its pettier aspects, and this accelerated under his successor, P. W. Botha.

Probably the most forceful pressures, both internal and external, eroding the barriers of apartheid were economic. International sanctions severely affected the South African economy, raising the cost of necessities, cutting investment, even forcing many American corporations to disinvest, for example, or, under the Sullivan Rules, to employ without discrimination. In addition, the severe shortage of skilled labor led to lifting limits on African wages, and granting Africans the right to strike and organize unions. Unions, churches, and students organized protests throughout the 1970s and 80s. Moreover, political, economic, and military pressures were exerted by the independent countries of sub-Saharan Africa.

As a result of these pressures, many lesser apartheid laws - such as those banning interracial marriage and segregating facilities - were repealed or fell into disuse by 1990. In 1991 President de de Klerk Klerk obtained the repeal of the remaining apartheid laws and called for the drafting of a new constitution. In 1993 a multiracial, multiparty transitional government was approved, and fully free elections were held in 1994, which gave majority representation to the African National Congress.

Language notes

1) At the end of 1997 doctors in South Africa recommended that her eyes should be removed to prevent infection.

（一九九七年岁末,南非的医生建议割除她的双眼以防止感染。）

Note in this sentence recommend is followed by a sentence in the subjunctive mood, and should can be omitted.

e.g. His wife recommended that he resign.

2) It has also raised ￡76 000 in donations - people wrote from as far afield as Australia and New York.

（由此我们筹措了76000镑的捐款- 连远在澳大利亚和纽约的读者也给我们来过信。）

Raise here means manage to obtain.

e.g. They are raising funds for charity.

3) Margaret was raised mainly by her frail grandmother....

（玛格丽特主要是由祖母抚养大的......）

Raise in this case means to bring up.

4) She has no positive role models to encourage her to do so.

（她也没有可以仿效的正面榜样鼓励她这么做。）

Positive here means tending toward improvement.

e.g. Positive progress has been achieved during the negotiations.

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高三一轮复习早泛读双语材料(1)

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A abandon 1.to leave someone, especially someone you are responsible for ; 2.to go away from a place, vehicle etc permanently, especially because the situation makes it impossible for you to stay; 3.to stop doing something because there are too many problems and it is impossible to continue abdomen the end part of an insect's body, joined to the thorax(昆虫的腹部）. abundant something that is abundant exists or is available in large quantities so that there is more than enough(大量的，充足的）. access the right to enter a place, use something, see someone etc access to accidental happening without being planned or intended acidification 酸化 adhere stick to(粘附，附着）. adulthood the time when you are an adult agenda a list of problems or subjects that a government, organization etc is planning to deal with alternative an alternative idea, plan etc is different from the one you have and can be used instead(共替代的，非传统的）. a mixed blessing something that is good in some ways but bad in others(好坏参半的事）Having your parents living nearby is a mixed blessing. amphibian animals that are able to live on land and in water（两栖动物）. anew again. annual happening once a year(每年的）annually adv. anonymity when other people do not know who you are or what your name is(匿名） Every step will be taken to preserve your anonymity. antennae one of two long thin parts on an insect's head, that it uses to feel things （天线）. appetite a desire for food. at hand 1.likely to happen soon Recent economic performance suggests that a major crisis is at hand. 2.close to you and available to be used Don't worry, help is at hand ! 3.needing to be dealt with now Peter turned his attention to the task at hand.

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如何提高英语阅读技巧阅读能力是《英语课程标准》所要求培养的四项语言基本技能之一,也是学习外语最有效、最重要的手段。随着教育改革的不断深入,英语教学旨在培养学生学会学习、学会发展和让学生获得终身学习能力。因此,在教学中如何合理地利用教材中丰富的阅读材料,采取有效的阅读方法提高学首先，在阅读过程中，应注意克服一些不良阅读习惯以促进阅读速度有效提高。常见的不良阅读习惯有：指读、声读和回视。指读是指为了在阅读时能集中注意力，学生常常用手指、铅笔、尺子等指着一个个的字或放在这些字的下面阅读。指读减慢了阅读速度，分散读者的注意力，因此，阅读中一定要克服这个毛病。声读一般有三种形式：出声读、默读和心读。事实证明，阅读速度缓慢一般都是因为读者采用了某种声读的方式，所以要提高阅读速度就必须自觉地克服这种习惯。回视又叫返读。如果我们在阅读中多次返回重读，既会影响速度，也会影响理解。这些错误的阅读方法都会把阅读速度减慢，直接影响到我们的思路，因此应及时加以纠正。兴趣是学习最好的老师，因此，在开始阅读时可以选一些自己感兴趣的、生词不多、篇幅不长的文章进行阅读。这方面文章在英语辅导报里就有一些趣味阅读值得推荐一下。一旦学生有了兴趣，对阅读题就不会有太多的恐惧感了。在实际进行阅读中学生应加强掌握的几点基础：一、词汇量词汇量偏低会制约学生阅读速度。每年中考都会出现超出考纲的词汇，如果考生只满足于记住课本以内的词汇和用法，甚至连课本上的词汇都要大打折扣，怎么能适应中考阅读要求？因此，扩大常用词汇是做好英语阅读的必要手段。学生首先应该记住课本上的基本词汇。其次，通过补充大量英语课外读物，让学生在阅读中复习词汇、巩固词汇、增加词汇，并将补充词汇纳入考查范围之内。学生应适当学习一些基本的构词知识，这有助于学生快速、高效地积累词汇，同时也为猜测生词提供一定的参考依据，便于学生在阅读过程中遇到生词时能观其形，知其意。二、知识面中考试题中的阅读文章题材多样，涉及政治经济、社会文化、风俗习惯、历史、地理、科学技术等各个方面；体裁形式丰富，包括记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文以及新闻报道、广告、通知、操作说明、表格等。这就需要考生在平时对各方面的知识都有所积累。所以增加一些题材广泛的泛读，扩大学生的知识面，让学生多掌握一些文化背景知识，了解当今英语国家历史文化、人物传记、科技教育等方面的社会知识对提高阅读速度是极其重要的，即便是增加非英语阅读也有助于英语阅读速度的提高。另外，还要鼓励学生多读英语报刊、杂志。三、解题技巧 1.找主题句获取段落的主旨和大意一篇文章通常都是围绕一个中心意思展开的，而这个中心意思往往由一个句子来概括。这个能概括文章或段落中心意思的句子叫做主题句。因此，理解一个段落或一篇文章的中心意思首先要学会寻找主题句。主题句一般具有三个特点：表述的意思比较概括，相对其主句来看，这种概括性更为明显；句子结构较简单，多数都不采用长、难句的形式；段落中其它的句子必定是用来解释、支撑或发展主题句所表述的主题思想。在一个段落中，大部分主题句的位置有两种： 1）主题句在段首。主题句在段首的情况相当普遍。一般新闻报道、说明文、议论文大

泛读单词

1 etiquette ['etiket] n. rules governing socially acceptable behavior 2 protocol forms of ceremony and etiquette observed by diplomats and heads of state 3 courtesy ['k?:tisi] n.1. a courteous or respectful or considerate act, a courteous manner 4 gentility [d?en'tiliti] n.elegance by virtue of fineness of manner and expression 5 formality [f?:'m?liti] a requirement of etiquette or custom 6 decency: the quality of conforming to standards of propriety and morality;the quality of being polite and respectable 7 ethnocentic centered on a specific ethnic group, usually one's own 8 .civilized : having a high state of culture and development both social and technological ; marked by refinement in taste and manners 9 ethnic:denoting or deriving from or distinctive of the ways of living built up by a group of people 10 decorum propriety in manners and conduct 11 ecology the branch of biology concerned with the relations between organisms and their environment 12 botany the branch of biology that studies plants 13 genetics the branch of biology that studies heredity and variation in organisms 14 microbiology the branch of biology that studies microorganisms and their effects on humans 15 biochemistry the organic chemistry of compounds and processes occuring in organisms; the effort to understand biology within the context of chemistry 16 naturalist a biologist knowledgeable about natural history (especially botany and zoology) 17 fauna all the animal life in a particular region or period ;a living organism characterized by voluntary movement 18 flora all the plant life in a particular region or period ;a living organism lacking the power of locomotion 19 influenza [,influ'enz?] an acute febrile highly contagious viral disease 20syphilis a common venereal disease caused by the treponema pallidum spirochete; symptoms change through progressive stages; can be congenital (transmitted through the placenta 21rheumatism any painful disorder of the joints or muscles or connective tissues 22migraine ['mi:ɡrein, 'mai-] a severe recurring vascular headache; occurs more frequently in women than men 23leprosy['lepr?si] chronic granulomatous communicable disease occurring in tropical and subtropical regions; characterized by inflamed nodules beneath the skin and wasting of body parts; caused by the bacillus Mycobacterium leprae 24allergy ['?l?d?i] hypersensitivity reaction to a particular allergen; symptoms can vary greatly in intensity 25jaundice ['d??:ndis] yellowing of the skin and the whites of the eyes caused by an accumulation of bile pigment (bilirubin) in the blood; can be a symptom of gallstones or liver infection or anemia 26anemia [?'ni:mi?] a deficiency of red blood cells 27 arthritis [ɑ:'θraitis] inflammation of a joint or joints 28bronchitis [br??'kaitis] inflamma tion of the membranes lining the bronchial tubes 29 cholera ['k?l?r?] an acute intestinal infection caused by ingestion of contaminated water or food 30insomnia [in's?mni?] an inability to sleep; chronic sleeplessness 31ulcer ['?ls?] a circumscribed inflammatory and often suppurating lesion on the skin or an internal mucous surface resulting in necrosis of tissue 32 hemorrhage ['hem?rid?] flow of blood from a ruptured blood vessels

(完整word版)大学英语泛读中的阅读方法和技巧.doc

大学英语泛读中的阅读方法和技巧 Tag：英语学习方法我要评论 (0)大学英语泛读中的阅读方法和技巧：如何指导学生通过阅读训练掌握正确的阅读方法和技巧，从而加快阅读速度和提高理解能力，成为英语泛读教学中的首要任务。文章结合日常教学工作谈谈常用阅读方法和技巧的分类及在日常阅读中的应用。一、大学英语泛读适合的场景及对象大学英语泛读教学主要是针对英语专业的学生来说的。在大学阶段，英语阅读分成精读和泛读两种形式。大学英语泛读作为精读课的重要补充。不仅有助于学生巩同在精读课上学到的词汇，不断地扩大学生的知识面，增强对文化差异的敏感性，最重要的是能够帮助学生养成良好的阅读习惯，掌握重要的阅读方法和技巧。目前．许多高中生虽然能通过高考进入大学学习，但他们的阅读能力比大学英语教学所要求的相差太大。为了使学生今后的学习更加轻松愉快。大学英语泛读教学应运而生。从“泛读”二字的字面意义就可以看出．“泛读”就是要广泛地读，大量地读。所谓广泛地读、大量地读．就是阅滨的题材要广泛，包括社会、科技、文化、经济、日常知识、人物传记等。还要体材多样．包括记叙文、描写文、说明文、广告、说明书、图表等。它不仅要求学生读得广、凑得多、而且要渎得快、理解准确．因此它是扩大阅读馈，培养学生阅读能力，提高阅读速度的有效途径。所以，泛读课也成为培养学生技能，传播知识的综合课程。我们都知道，大部分英语专业的学生把过四六级作为学习英语的一个重要目标。而在考试中，阅读理解又是非常重要的一部分。学生在进行测试的时候都有一个共同的难题“阅读量大，时问紧。题目的答案拿不准”。从表面上看是学生英语语言水平的不足，但从其根本原因来看是他们阅读方法的不正确，阅读技巧的不熟练。泛凑教学以其特有“不但要读得广、读得多，而且要读得快、理解准确” 的教学同标和要求，对学牛提高阅读方法和技巧有着不可低估的作用，是精读教学所不能取代的。二、常用泛读方法的分类及在日常阅读中的应用泛读教材不同于精读课文。精读课文要求学生逐词、逐句地阅读，细嚼慢咽，其目的在于透彻理解。而泛读也可称为普通阅读，只要求学生对全文的主旨英语学习。大意、主要思想及作者的观点有明确的了解。对全文只做一般性的推理、归纳和总结，无需研究细节问题和探讨语法问题。所以不能照搬精读的阅读方法。在大学英语泛读的阅读活动中，常用的阅读方法有以下几种： (一 )略读 (skimming) 略读又称跳读(skipping) 或浏览 (glancing) ，是一种专门的、非常实用的快速阅读技能。它在朗文词典当中的解释是：“ to read something quickly to find themain facts or ideas in it”．可以看出这种阅读方法要求以尽可能快的速度进行阅读，目的是为了找出文章的中心思想和主要观点。因此，略读时只需注意文章的关键部分，如阅读时抓住每本书中的标题、每章前的内容提要或章节后的重要结论，然后把全书或全文中的主题和中心连贯起来，得出文章的丰旨。换句话说，略凑是要求读者有选择地进行阅读，可跳过某些细节，以求抓住文章的中心，从加快阅读速度。