必修三unit3

必修三

Unit3 The Miliion Pound Bank Note

1.基础梳理

birthplace bring up novel boyhood adventure phrase fathom author scene narrator bet make a bet penniless wander pavement businessman permit ahead go ahead by accident unpaid bay stare at fault passage spot account embassy seek patience contrary charit envelope unbelievable steak pineaple dessert amount

take a chance rude manner scream genuine issue fake in fags indeed as for bow barber

2.词语归纳

1）bet

make a bet打赌

place/put a bet on在……下赌注

one’s best bet最好的办法

作动词，表示“打赌，赌博”，后直接加宾语。

I bet（that）表示“我敢肯定”，相当于I am sure。

you bet表示“肯定，没问题”，相当于certainly。

2）scene

scene表示“（戏剧，电影中的）一幕/一场，出事地点，现场，情景；风景，布景”。behind the scenes在幕后；秘密地。

on the scene 在现场。

set the scene（for sth）作事前的现场描述，为……做准备。

come on the scene到现场。

3）stage

表示“舞台，戏剧，阶段”，可以表示“路程，一段路，（事故发生的）现场”。

be/go on the stage当演员，登台演出

set the stage for sth为某事做准备。

4）tale

是可数名词，表示“传说，故事”。

tell its own tale不言自喻，显而易见。

5）permit

作动词，后接名词或者代词，表示“允许，答应”；也可以表示“使可能”。

后接不定式的复合结构。

后接动名词，不能直接跟不定式。

分词短语作状语。

后不能跟从句。

permit of sth认可，容忍。

作名词，表示“许可证，执照，许可”。

6）account

作名词，表示“叙述，报道，理由，账目，户头”。

by/from all accounts根据大家所说的。

give an account of 叙述，报道，说明。

作名词，表示“认为”时，后接复合宾语。

account for表示“做出解释，导致，是……的原因”，还可以表示“占，捕获”。

常见的词组：

out of account不考虑on all accounts/on every account无论如何on no account决不take…into account/take account of…对……加以考虑，顾及……turn …to good account 利用

7）jealous

be jealous of sb嫉妒，唯恐某人被他人夺走。

be jealous of sth妒忌，精心守护。

8）issue

作动词，表示“发行，出版，发布“。

issue sb with sth将某物发给某人。

issue in导致。

作名词，表示“流出，发行，（出版物的）期号，争端”。

at issue要考虑的，意见不同的。

take issue with sb（on/over/about）就某事论某人。

9）bow

bow at sb朝某人鞠躬bow to sb 鞠躬迎接某人

bow sb in/into鞠躬迎入某人bow sb out鞠躬送走某人

bow to sth顺从某事

take a/one’s bow（演员）鞠躬谢幕（bow作名词）。

10）pretend

作及物动词，后接动词不定式，that从句，名词。

pretend to sth表示“自以为有……”，后面接名词，常指“学问，智慧，美德”。

11）有关trouble的词组：

get into trouble陷入困境，惹麻烦ask for/look for/borrow trouble自找麻烦，自讨苦吃be a trouble to sb对某人是个麻烦be a trouble to do干某事是件麻烦事

be in trouble处于困境get sb into trouble使某人陷入困境get out of trouble摆脱困境have trouble doing sth做某事很费力make trouble 闹事，捣乱make trouble for sb给某人带来麻烦take the trouble to do sth=take the trouble in doing sth不辞劳苦地做某事trouble sb to do sth麻烦某人做某事trouble sb for sth麻烦某人某事

3.语法--名词性从句

在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句(Noun Clauses）。名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

一、引导名词性从句的连接词

引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：

连词：that（无任何词意）

whether,if（均表示“是否”表明从句内容的不确定性）

as if ,as though（均表示“好像”，“似乎”）

以上在从句中均不充当任何成分

连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom,

whose, which.whichever,whomever

连接副词：when, where, how, why

不可省略的连词：

1. 介词后的连词

2. 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。

That she was chosen made us very happy.

We heard the news that our team had won.

比较：

whether与if 均为"是否"的意思。但在下列情况下，whether 不能被if 取代：

1. whether引导主语从句并在句首

2. 引导表语从句

3. whether从句作介词宾语

4. 从句后有"or not"

Whether he will come is not clear.

大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末，用it充当形式主语。

二. 主语从句

作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词that，whether，if和连接代词what，who，which，whatever，whoever以及连接副词how，when，where，why等词引导。that在句中无词义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。

有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下：（1）It + be + 名词+ that从句

（2）It + be + 形容词+ that从句

（3）It + be + 动词的过去分词+ that从句

（4）It + 不及物动词+ that 从句

另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should) +do”，常用的句型有：

It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that …

It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) that…

It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that…

三、宾语从句

名词句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样，在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。

1. 由连接词that引导的宾语从句

由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省

注意：在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, request, command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“（should）+ 动词原形”。

2. 用who，whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。

3. 用whether或if引导的宾语从句，其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒，仍保持陈述句语序。此外，whether与if 在作“是否”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用whether，不用if：

a. 引导主语从句并在句首时；

b. 引导表语从句时；c . 引导从句作介词宾语时；d. 从句后有“or not”时；e. 后接动词不定式时。

4. 注意宾语从句中的时态呼应，当主句动词是现在时，从句根据自身的句子情况，而使用不同时态。

当主句动词是过去时态（could, would除外），从句则要用相应的过去时态，如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时等；当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态。

5. think, believe, imagine, suppose等等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中，要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式。即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中。

四、表语从句

在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，表语从句位于连系动词后，有时用as if引导。其基本结构为：主语+ 系动词+ that 从句。

需要注意的，当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because。

【注意】whether 可引导表语从句，但与之同义的if却通常不用于引导表语从句。五、同位语从句

同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由that引导，可用于同位语从句的名词有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。

同位语从句和定语从句的区别：

that作为关系代词，可以引导定语从句，充当句子成分，在从句中作宾语时可以省略；that引导同位语从句时，起连词的作用，没有实际意义，不充当句子成分，一般不能省略。

试比较下面两个例句:

I had no idea that you were here．（that引导同位语从句，不能省略）

Have you got the idea（that）this book gives you of life in ancient Greece？（that引导定语从句，作宾语，可以省略）

六、名词性that-从句

1）由从属连词that引导的从句叫做名词性that-从句。That只起连接主句和从句的作用，在从句中不担任任何成分，本身也没有词义。名词性that-从句在句中能充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语和形容词宾语，例如：

主语：That he is still alive is sheer luck.他还活着全靠运气。

宾语：John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday.约翰说他星期三要到伦敦去。

表语：The fact is that he has not been seen recently.事实是近来谁也没有见过他。

同位语：The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office.

近来谁也没有见过他，这一事实令办公室所有的人不安。

形容词宾语：I am glad that you are satisfied with your job.

你对工作满意我感到很高兴。

2）That-从句作主语通常用it作先行词，而将that-从句置于句末，例如：

It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.很清楚，整个计划注定要失败。

It's a pity that you should have to leave.你非走不可真是件憾事。

用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系：

a. It + be +形容词+ that-从句

It is necessary that…有必要……

It is important that…重要的是……

It is obvious that…很明显……

b. It + be + -ed 分词+ that-从句

It is believed that…人们相信……

It is known to all that…从所周知……

It has been decided that…已决定……

c. It + be +名词+ that-从句

It is common knowledge that………是常识

It is a surprise that…令人惊奇的是……

It is a fact that…事实是……

d. It +不及物动词+ that-分句

It appears that…似乎……

It happ ens that…碰巧……

It occurred to me that…我突然想起……

七、名词性wh-从句

1）由wh-词引导的名词从句叫做名词性wh-从句。Wh-词包括who, whom,. whose, whoever, what, whatever, which, whichever等连接代词和where, when, how, why等连接副词。Wh-从句的语法功能除了和that-从句一样外，还可充当介词宾语、宾语补语和间接宾语等，例如：

主语：How the book will sell depends on its author.书销售如何取决于作者本人。

直接宾语：In one's own home one can do what one likes.在自己家里可以随心所欲。

间接宾语：The club will give whoever wins a prize.

俱乐部将给得胜者设奖。

表语：My question is who will take over president of the Foundation.我的问题是谁将接任该基金会主席职位。

宾语补足语：She will name him whatever she wants to. 她高兴给他起什么名字就取什么名字。

同位语：I have no idea when he will return.

我不知道他什么时候回来。

形容词宾语：I'm not sure why she refused their invitation.我尚不能肯定她为什么拒绝他们的邀请。

介词宾语：That depends on where we shall go.

那取决于我们去哪儿。

2）Wh-从句作主语也常用先行词it做形式主语，而将wh-从句置于句末，例如：

It is not yet decided who will do that job.

还没决定谁做这项工作。

It remains unknown when they are going to get married.他们何时结婚依然不明。八、if, whether引导的名词从句

1）yes-no型疑问从句

从属连词if, whether引导的名词从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问转化而来的，因此也分别被称为yes-no型疑问句从句和选择型疑问从句，其功能和wh-从句的功能相同，例如：主语：Whether the plan is feasible remains to be proved. 这一计划是否可行还有等证实。

宾语：Let us know whether / if you can finish the article before Friday.请让我们知道你是否能在星期五以前把文章写完。

表语：The point is whether we should lend him the money.问题在于我们是否应该借钱给他。

同位语：They are investigating the question whether the man is trustworthy.他们调查他是否值得信赖。

形容词宾语：She's doubtful whether we shall be able to come.她怀疑我们是否能够前来。

介词宾语：I worry about whether he can pass through the crisis of his illness.我担心他是否能度过疾病的危险期。

2）选择性疑问从句

选择性疑问从句由关联词if/whether…or或whether…or not构成，例如：

Please tell me whether / if they are Swedish or Danish. 请告诉我他们是瑞典人还是丹麦人。

I don't care whether you like the plan or not.我不在乎你是否喜欢该计划。

if和whether的区别：

1、在动词不定式之前只能用whether 。

2、在whether …… or not 的固定搭配中。

3 、在介词后，只能用whether。

4、宾语从句放在句首表示强调时，只能用whether 。

5、用if会引起歧义时，只用whether。

九、否定转移

1) 将think, believe, suppose, expect, fancy, imagine等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。注意：若谓语动词为hope,宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。

2) 将seem, appear 等后的从句的否定转移到前面。

3) 有时将动名词，介词短语或整个从句的否定转变为对谓语动词的否定。

4) 有时状语或状语从句中否定可以转移到谓语动词前。

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高一英语必修一Unit 3课文翻译 Unit 3 Travel journal Reading JOURNEY DOWN THE MEKONG 沿湄公河而下的旅程 PART 1 THE DREAM AND THE PLAN第一部分梦想与计划 My name is Wang Kun. Ever since middle school, my sister Wang Wei and I have dreamed about taking a great bike trip.我的名字叫王坤。从高 中起，我姐姐王薇和我就一直梦想作一次伟大的自行车旅行。Two years ago she bought an expensive mountain bike and then she persuaded me to buy one.两年前，她买了一辆昂贵的山地自行车，然后还说服我 买了一辆(山地车)。Last year, she visited our cousins, Dao Wei and Yu Hang at their college in Kunming.去年她去看望了我们的表兄弟——在 昆明读大学的刀卫和宇航。They are Dai and grew up in western Y unnan Province near the Lancang River, the Chinese part of the river that is called the Mekong River in other countries.他们是傣族人，在云南省西 部靠近澜沧江的地方长大，湄公河在中国境内的这一段叫澜沧江，在 其他国家(境内)叫湄公河。Wang Wei soon got them interested in cycling too.很快，王薇使表兄弟也对骑车旅游产生了兴趣。After graduating from college, we finally got the chance to take a bike trip.大学毕业以后， 我们终于有了机会骑自行车旅行。I asked my sister, "Where are we going?"我问我姐姐：“我们要去哪儿?” It was my sister who first had the

完整word版高中英语必修三课文详解3 unit3

1 杨磊译注必修三Unit 3 课文详解 必修三 Unit 3 The Million Pound Band Note百万英镑 Act I, Scene 3 Narrator: It is the summer of 1903.Two old and wealthy brothers, Roderick 年的夏天。这是1903 and Oliver, have made a bet.两个年迈而富有的兄弟：罗德里克和奥利弗，进行打赌。【注释：make a bet Oliver believes that with a 】。我擅长打足彩football 310.310eg. I'm good at making a bet on 打赌 million pound bank note a man could survive a month in London.奥利弗认为一个拥有一百万英镑支 票的人能在伦敦生存一个月。【注释：survive vi.幸存, 活下来eg. These plants cannot survive in very cold His brother Roderick doubts it. At this 他的哥哥对此怀疑。conditions.这些植物在严寒中不能存活。】 moment, they see a penniless yound man wandering on the pavement outside their house.就在这 时，他们看见一位身无分文的年轻人正在他家外的人行道上徘徊。【注释：on the pavement徘徊街头,没有住处,被遗弃；wandering adj. 漫游的；闲逛的;(精神)恍惚的；错乱的eg. 1) wandering thoughts 错It is Henry Adams, 】2) I felt my attention wandering during the lecture.我感到听讲座时老走神。乱的思想 an American businessman, who is lost in London and does not know what he should do.它是亨利 亚当姆斯，一位美国商人，他在伦敦迷路了，不知道该怎么做。【注释：be lost in全神贯注于;沉湎于;不胜…之至eg. Lost in thought/ contemplation , he ran into a pole by the roadside.】 Roderick: Young man, would you step inside a moment, please?年轻人，进来坐一会？ Henry: Who? Me, sir?谁？是我吗，先生？【注释：step inside进入eg. Step inside. Let's get something to eat.进来吧!咱们弄点东西吃。】 Roderick: Yes, you. 是的，就是你！Oliver:Through the front door on you left 通过你左边的前门进来。.Henry:(A servant opens a door) Thanks.（仆人开了一扇门）谢谢！ Servant: Good morning, sir. Would you please come in? Permit me to lead the way, sir.早上好! 先生。请进！请允许我带路，先生！ Oliver:(Henry enters) Thank you, James. That will be all.（亨利走了进来）谢谢，詹姆斯，好的。 Roderick: How do you do, Mr…er…?你好！…嗯…先生。 Henry:Adams. Henry Adams.亚当姆斯，亨利亚当姆斯 Roderick: Come and sit down, Mr Adams.来坐下，亚当姆斯先生。 Henry:Thank you。谢.Roderick: You're American?你是美国人？