新概念英语第二册笔记-第75课

Lesson 75 SOS 呼救信号

【Text】

When a light passenger plane flew off course some time ago, it crashed in the mountains and its pilot was killed. The only passengers, a young woman and her two baby daughters, were unhurt. It was the middle of winter. Snow lay thick on the ground. The woman knew that the nearest village was miles away. When it grew dark, she turned a suitcase into a bed and put the children inside it, covering them with all the clothes she could find. During the night, it got terribly cold. The woman kept as near as she could to the children and even tried to get into the case herself, but it was too small. Early next morning, she heard planes passing overhead and wondered how she could send a signal. Then she had an idea. She stamped out the letters 'SOS' in the snow. Fortunately, a pilot saw the signal and sent a message by radio to the nearest town. It was not long before a helicopter arrived on the scene to rescue the survivors of the plane crash.

【课文翻译】

不久前，一架轻型客机偏离了航线，在山区坠毁，飞行员丧生。机上仅有的乘客，一位年轻的妇女和她的两个女婴却平安无事。此时正值隆冬季节，地上积着厚厚的雪。这位妇女知道，即使最近的村庄也有数英里远。天黑下来的时候，她把提箱当作小床，把两个孩子放了进去，又把所有能找到的衣服都盖在了孩子们身上。夜里，天冷得厉害。这位妇女尽可能地靠近孩子，甚至自己也想钻进箱子里去，只是箱子太小了。第二天一大早，她听到头顶上有飞机飞过，但不知道怎样才能发个信号。后来她有了一个主意。她在雪地上踩出了“SOS”这3个字母。幸运得很，一位飞行员看到这个信号，用无线电给最近的城镇发了报。不久，一架直升飞机飞抵飞机失事现场，来搭救这几个幸存者。

New words and expressions 生词和短语

【生词讲解】

1.thick adj.

1）厚的（反义词thin 薄的）

eg. This board is the thickest of all.

这木板是最厚的。

a thick book 一本厚书；

thick walls 厚墙壁；

ice ten centimeters thick 十厘米厚的冰

2）粗的，粗大的（反义词thin纤细的）

a thick line 粗线；

thick fingers 粗大的手指

3） (液体，气体) 浓的，浓厚的（反义词thin稀薄的）

eg. This source is too thick.

这调味汁太浓了。

thick soup 浓汤；

a thick fog 浓雾，大雾

4）（树林，树叶，毛发等）密的，浓密的（反义词thin稀疏的）

a thick forest 茂密的森林；

thick hair 浓密的头发

thick adj.相关短语：

give a person a thick ear （英口语）把（某人）耳朵打肿

through thick and thin 经历过艰难困苦，无论什么状况

thicken v.使…变厚（粗，浓）

thickness n.

3. signal

1） n. 信号，暗号

a distress signal 遇难信号；

a danger signal 危险信号

eg . She gave the signal of emergency.

她发出紧急情况的暗号。

2） n. 信号器，交通信号

eg. Th e traffic signal wasn’t working.

交通信号失灵了。

3）v. 发信号，以信号通知

signal + n.

eg. How can we signal that row-boat.? 我们怎样才能发信号通知那条划艇呢？

signal orders 以信号下达命令；signal a message 用信号发送消息

signal to + sb + to do（向…）发信号示意要…

eg. He signal to the band to start playing.他向乐队做出手势开始演奏。

4）v. 发信号，以信号通知

signal to + sb + that （向…）发送信号称…，发信号说

eg. She signaled to the other girls that everything was all right.

她对其他女孩发信号说一切正常。

3. stamp

1）v. 跺（脚，地板等），跺脚

eg. He stamped his feet in anger. / He stamped his feet with anger.

他气得直跺脚。

eg. He stamped about the room impatiently.

他很不耐烦，在房间里踱着足来回走动。

eg. She stamped upstairs.

她踏着重重的步子走上楼梯。

2）v. 用力踩住，踩坏

eg. Don't stamp on insects.

不要踩死昆虫。

eg. The naughty boys stamped the grass flat.

那些顽皮的男孩踩坏了草坪。

3）n. 邮票

eg. My hobby is collecting stamps.

我的嗜好是收集邮票。

4）n. 印章，戳记

a rubber stamp 橡皮章 a date stamp 日期印

4. helicopter 直升飞机（口语简称为copter）

eg. A helicopter was flying above the school.

一架直升飞机在学校上空飞着。

5. scene n.

1）现场，地点

eg. They rushed to the scene of the traffic accident.

他们冲到交通事故现场。

2）[C] 光景，景色，风景

a beautiful scene from the top of the mountain 从山顶看到的美丽景色

eg. The night scene in Honolulu was quite fantastic.

檀香山的夜景绝佳。

3）（戏剧，小说等的）场面，舞台，地点

eg. The last scene of the play was very impressive.

这部戏的最后一个场面令人印象深刻。

eg. The scene of that movie is set in Paris in the 1920’s.

那部戏的背景设在二十世纪二十年代

scene n. 相关短语：

behind the scenes 在幕后地，秘密地 come on the scene (口) 出现，登场make a scene 大吵大闹 on the scene （口）在现场，当场scenery n. [U] 风景（某地区的）

the scenery of the Alps 阿尔卑斯山脉的风景

eg. The scenery is beautiful around here.

这里的景色很美。

scenic adj. 风景如画的

a scenic spot 风景胜地

6. survivor n. 生存者，幸存者

survive v. 经历（灾难等）之后还活着，由…中生还

eg. Only one baby survived the terrible car crash.

在那次可怕的撞车事故中只有一个婴儿生还。

eg. Few houses in this district have survived after the storm.

地区暴风雨后残留下来的房屋寥寥无几。

survival n. [U] 幸存，存活

eg. What was its survival value?

其生存价值是什么？

【课文讲解】

1. When a light passenger plane flew off course some time ago, it crashed in the

mountains and its pilot was killed.不久前，一架轻型客机偏离了航线，在山区坠毁，飞行员丧生。

a light passenger plane 一架轻型客机 a cargo plane / a cargo aircraft 一架货机

fighter plane 战斗机

civil aviation 民用航空

fly off course 偏离航线

course 所经之路，方向，路线，航线，过程，进程，课程

a south-ward course 向南的路线

eg. Our course is directly north.

我们的路线是朝正北的。

eg. He gave me some advice on my future course.

他就我未来的发展方向给力我一些意见

eg. You can see the course of the river on the map.

你在地图上能够看到河流的走向

2. The only passengers, a young woman and her two baby daughters, were unhurt.

机上仅有的乘客，一位年轻的妇女和她的两个女婴却平安无事。

unhurt v. 平安无事，没有受伤（反义词hurt 受伤）

hurt

① v.使（身体）受伤，使疼痛

eg. I’m not hurt. I’m all right.

我没有受伤，我很好。

eg. Be careful not to hurt yourself./ Be careful not to get hurt.

小心不要伤到自己。

② v.使(人，身体)疼痛

eg. These shoes are tight and hurt my feet.

这双鞋太紧了，夹的我脚疼。

eg. My injured left leg still hurts.

我受伤的左腿还很疼。

eg. My shoes hurt.

我的鞋很挤脚。

3. It was the middle of winter. 正是隆冬时节。

It was the middle of winter=It was midwinter.

mid- 前缀表示“在中央，在中间”

midsummer 仲夏； midnight 午夜； midfield （足球场等的）中场

middle man 经销商，中间人； middle finger 中指； the Middle East 中东，中东地区

middle class 中产阶级； middle –aged 中年的；the middle of nowhere （口）偏远的某地

4. Snow lay thick on the ground. 地上积着厚厚的雪。

lay 为系动词，thick 是表语，表示主语的状态或性质。

5. The woman knew that the nearest village was miles away. When it grow turned dark, she turned a suitcase into a bed and put the children inside it, covering them with all the clothes she could find.

这位妇女知道，即使最近的村庄也有数英里远。天黑下来的时候，她把提箱当作小床，把两个孩子放了进去，又把所有能找到的衣服都盖在了孩子们身上。

grew是动词原形grow的过去式。 grow: 变得 grow dark 变得黑了

表示“变得”的系动词还有：grow, turn, go, get, come, fall等等

grow

eg. He grew angry when I told him about it. / He got angry when I told him about it.

我告诉他这件事的时候他变得生气。

turn

eg. The leaves are turning yellow. / The leaves are getting yellow.

树叶慢慢变黄了。（turn 通常表示颜色变化）

go

eg. This apple has gone bad.

苹果变坏了。（go通常表示事物由于好变坏）

get

eg. Coal got scarce last winter.

去年冬天煤变得很缺乏。（get最常用）

come

eg. Everything you said came true.

你说的一切都成真了。

(come通常构成固定搭配，come true, come right, come wrong, come loose）

fall

eg. She fell ill while she was on holiday. 她度假的时候病倒了。

（fall 通常构成固定搭配，fall ill, fall asleep）

turn...into 相当于 change...into 把...变成

cover 覆盖

covering 现在分词，在本文中作状语。

cover…with 用…覆盖 be cover with 被…覆盖

all the clothes she could find，她能找到的所有的衣物，

she could find是定语从句，修饰clothes这个名词。

6. During the night, it got terribly cold.夜里，天变得非常的冷。

got 是动词原形get的过去式 get: 变得

terribly adv . 非常

eg. I’m terribl y sorry. 我非常抱歉。

terribly adj. 可怕的（注意形容词和副词的含义不一样）

7. The woman kept as near as she could to the children and even tried to get into the case herself, but it was too small. 这位妇女尽可能地靠近孩子，甚至自己也想钻进箱子里去，只是箱子太小了。

as...as...

as near as she could 尽可能近；

as quickly as possible 尽可能地快；

run as fast as you can 尽可能地快跑；

as many as possible 尽可能地多

8. Early next morning, she heard planes passing overhead and wondered how she could send a signal. 第二天一大早，她听到头顶上有飞机飞过，但不知道怎样才能发个信号。

hear sb do 听到某人做某事 hear sb doing 听到某人正在做某事

overhead adv. 在头顶上，在上空，在楼上

birds flying overhead 鸟在上空飞翔

overhear 无意中听到，偶然听到；

wonder v. 疑惑，想知道

eg. I wonder what happened.

我想知道发生什么事情了。

eg. I wonder if it will rain tomorrow.

我想知道明天会是否会下雨。

how 引导的这个宾语从句，注意宾语从句中间是陈述语序。

9. Then she had an idea. 后来她有了一个主意。

have an idea 想出办法，有主意了

pop up an idea 突然有主意了

form an idea of 产生…的想法

give a person an idea of 使…明白

eg. This book will give you a rough idea of what the everyday life of ordinary Americans is like.

这本书会让你大体明白普通美国人的日常生活是怎么样的。

What an idea! 多么荒唐，不像话

10. She stamped out the letters 'SOS' in the snow. Fortunately, a pilot saw the signal and sent a message by radio to the nearest town. 她在雪地上踩出了“SOS”这3个字母。幸运的

是，一位飞行员看到这个信号，用无线电给最近的城镇发了报。

by radio 用无线电信号

by prep. 通过…方式

by cheque 用支票； by letter 写信； by telephone 打电话； by working hard 凭着努力工作

11. It was not long before a helicopter arrived on the scene to rescue the survivors of the plane crash. 不久，一架直升飞机飞抵飞机失事现场，来搭救这几个幸存者。

long before 引导的是个时间状语从句

（一般过去时）It was not long before 不久就…

（一般将来时）It will not be long before 大概不久就会，大概一会就会…

eg. It will not be long before they understand each other .

大概不久他们就会互相理解的。

区别： long before 很久以前 before long 不久以后（可以指过去，也可能指将来）

eg. I met him in 1990. Before long, we became good friends.

我在1990年碰到他。不久，我们就成为好朋友了。

【关键词组摘录】

1. fly off

2. miles away

3. grow dark

4. as near as

5. stamp out

【Key Structures 】

一般过去时

在前面的第3,27,51课的语法重点讲的就是一般过去时。一般过去时主要表示过去某时发生的动作或情况（包括习惯性动作） 重点注意：一些常用动词的过去式的不规则变化。

Exercise 用正确的时态填空①：

Once upon a time, there______(live) a woodman and his wife. They______(be) very poor , and they______(live) in a cottage on the edge of forest. Everyday, the woodman______(will) set out early in the morning to chop down trees.

Exercise 用正确的时态填空②：

Just as she______(walk) in the door , the telephone______(begin) to ring. She______(dash) to answer the phone and______(find) that the caller______(be) a man trying to sell her some light bulbs. She______(refuse) and ______ (hang) up the phone.

【Special difficulties 】

表“变得”的系动词：grow/become/turn/get/go/come/fall

6. send a message by radio

7. long before

8. on the scene

9. rescue the survivor

做练习，巩固不同语境中选择哪个“变得”比较恰当。

Exercise 用正确的动词填空：（注意时态哟，并且答案不是唯一滴）

1. During the night it ______ terribly cold. 在夜里，天变得非常的冷。

表示天气变化的时候，可以使用get, grow, turn ,become。

（got/grew/turned/became）

2. He was so tired, he _____asleep.他如此的累，他睡着了。

固定搭配 fall asleep （fell）

3.When the teacher left the classroom, the children _______ noisy.

当老师离开教室，孩子们变得吵闹起来。

变得吵闹，可以用grow这个词（grew）

4. If you do not put the milk in the refrigerator, it will ______ sour.

如果你不把牛奶放冰箱的话，它会变酸的。

由好变坏的时候，通常用go这个词，用turn也可以的（go/turn）

5. This knob has ______ loose.这个把手变松了。

固定搭配 come loose ，或者become loose （come/become）

6.The children ______ quiet when he entered the room.当他进入房间的时候，孩子们变得安静。

变得安静，可以用grow这个词（grew）

7.Even though I am ______ older, I am not ______ wiser. 尽管我变老了，我没有变得聪明。

变老、变聪明，逐渐变化的过程，可以用grow或是get（growing/getting; growing/getting）

8. She’s _______ so fat you won’t recognize her.她变得如此胖，你都不能认出她来了。

变胖，用get或者是grow（got/grown）

9.This post ______ vacant last year.这个职位去年是空缺的。

固定搭配fall vacant （fell）

10.Don’t worry, everything will_____ right in the end. 别担心，一切都会好起来的。

固定搭配 come right 好起来 (come)

Exercise

1. It was not long before a helicopter arrived. It arrived_______ .

A. after

B. soon afterwards

C. behind

D. much later

答案：B 分析：A. 在…之后 B. 不久，很快 C.在…后面 D. 更晚的

2. It got terribly cold. The cold was ______.

A. frightening

B. horrifying

C. shocking

D. frightful

答案：D

分析：

A. 使惊恐，惊吓，是动词frighten的现在分词形式，很少做形容词用，因为它的形容词形式是frightful更常见一些；

B. 令人毛骨悚然的，使震惊的，这个词也很少用作形容词，因为它已有形容词形式horrible；

C. 令人震惊的，骇人的，极坏的，语气比terrible要强烈；

D. 惊人的，可怕的，极大的，非常的，是动词frighten的形容词形式。

3. She wondered how she could send a signal. She wanted to send______.

A. a letter

B. a sign

C. a signature

D. a message

答案：D

分析：A. 一封信，一个字母； B. 记号，标志； C. 签名，署名； D. 消息，信息，音信。

4. Cancer is second only______ heart disease as a cause of death.

A. to

B. of

C. with

D. from

答案：A

分析：固定搭配 be second to 二等的，次于，劣于；

eg. Speaking English is second nature to him. 讲英语对他来说是第二天性。