punction 英文标点符号的用法
Commas
Rule 1
To avoid confusion, use commas to separate words and word groups with a series of three or more. Example:
My $10million estate is to be split among my husband, daughter, son, and nephew.
Omitting the comma after son would indicate that the son and nephew would have to split one-third of the estate. Rule 2
Use a comma to separate two adjectives when the word and can be inserted between them.
Examples:
He is a strong, healthy man.
We stayed at an expensive summer resort. You would not say expensive and summer resort, so no comma. Rule 3
Use a comma when an -ly adjective is used with other adjectives.
NOTE: To test whether an -ly word is an adjective, see if it can be used alone with the noun. If it can, use the comma.
Examples:
Felix was a lonely, young boy.
I get headaches in brightly lit rooms.Brightly is not an adjective because it cannot be used alone with rooms; therefore, no comma is used between brightly and lit.
Rule 4
Use commas before or surrounding the name or title of a person directly addressed.
Examples:
Will you, Aisha, do that assignment for me?
Yes, Doctor, I will.
NOTE: Capitalize a title when directly addressing someone.
Rule 5a
Use a comma to separate the day of the month from the year and after the year.
Example:
Kathleen met her husband on December 5, 2003, in Mill Valley, California.
Rule 5b
If any part of the date is omitted, leave out the comma.
Example:
They met in December 2003 in Mill Valley.
Rule 6
Use a comma to separate the city from the state and after the state in a document. If you use the two-letter capitalized form of a state in a document, you do not need a comma after the state.
NOTE: With addresses on envelopes mailed via the post office, do not use any punctuation.
Examples:
I lived in San Francisco, California, for 20 years.
I lived in San Francisco, CA for 20 years.
Rule 7
Use commas to surround degrees or titles used with names. Commas are no longer required around Jr. and Sr. Commas never set off II, III, and so forth.
Example:
Al Mooney, M.D., knew Sam Sunny Jr. and Charles Starr III.
Rule 8
Use commas to set off expressions that interrupt sentence flow.
Example:
I am, as you have probably noticed, very nervous about this.
Rule 9
When starting a sentence with a weak clause, use a comma after it. Conversely, do not use a comma when the sentence starts with a strong clause followed by a weak clause.
Examples:
If you are not sure about this, let me know now.
Let me know now if you are not sure about this.
Rule 10
Use a comma after phrases of more than three words that begin a sentence. If the phrase has fewer than three words, the comma is optional.
Examples:
To apply for this job, you must have previous experience.
On February 14 many couples give each other candy or flowers.
OR
On February 14, many couples give each other candy or flowers.
Rule 11
If something or someone is sufficiently identified, the description following it is considered nonessential and should be surrounded by commas.
Examples:
Freddy, who has a limp, was in an auto accident.Freddy is named, so the description is not essential.
The boy who has a limp was in an auto accident. We do not know which boy is being referred to without further description; therefore, no commas are used.
Rule 12
Use a comma to separate two strong clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction--and, or, but, for, nor. You can omit the comma if the clauses are both short.
Examples:
I have painted the entire house, but he is still working on sanding the doors.I paint and he writes.
Rule 13
Use the comma to separate two sentences if it will help avoid confusion.
Examples:
I chose the colors red and green, and blue was his first choice.
Rule 14
A comma splice is an error caused by joining two strong clauses with only a comma instead of separating the clauses with a conjunction, a semicolon, or a period. A run-on sentence, which is incorrect, is created by joining two strong clauses without any punctuation.
Incorrect:
Time flies when we are having fun, we are always having fun. (Comma splice)
Time flies when we are having fun we are always having fun. (Run-on sentence)
Correct:
Time flies when we are having fun; we are always having fun.
OR
Time flies when we are having fun, and we are always having fun. (Comma is optional because both strong clauses are short.)
OR
Time flies when we are having fun. We are always having fun.
Rule 15
If the subject does not appear in front of the second verb, do not use a comma.
Example:
He thought quickly but still did not answer correctly.
Rule 16
Use commas to introduce or interrupt direct quotations shorter than three lines.
Examples:
He actually said, "I do not care."
"Why," I asked, "do you always forget to do it?"
Rule 17
Use a comma to separate a statement from a question.
Example:
I can go, can't I?
Rule 18
Use a comma to separate contrasting parts of a sentence.
Example:
That is my money, not yours.
Rule 19
Use a comma when beginning sentences with introductory words such as well, now, or yes.
Examples:
Yes, I do need that report.
Well, I never thought I'd live to se e the day…
Rule 20
Use commas surrounding words such as therefore and however when they are used as interrupters. Examples:
I would, therefore, like a response.
I would be happy, however, to volunteer for the Red Cross.
Rule 21
Use either a comma or a semicolon before introductory words such as namely, that is, i.e., for example, e.g., or for instance when they are followed by a series of items. Use a comma after the introductory word.
Examples:
You may be required to bring many items, e.g., sleeping bags, pans, and warm clothing.
OR
You may be required to bring many items; e.g., sleeping bags, pans, and warm clothing.
NOTE:i.e. means that is; e.g. means for example
Apostrophes
Rule 1
Use the apostrophe with contractions. The apostrophe is always placed at the spot where the letter(s) has been removed.
Examples:
don't, isn't
You're right.
She's a great teacher.
Rule 2
Use the apostrophe to show possession. Place the apostrophe before the s to show singular possession. Examples:
one boy's hat
one woman's hat
one actress's hat
one child's hat
Ms. Chang's house
NOTE: Although names ending in s or an s sound are not required to have the second s added in possessive form, it is preferred.
Examples:
Mr. Jones's golf clubs
Texas's weather
Ms. Straus's daughter
Jose Sanchez's artwork
Dr. Hastings's appointment (name is Hastings)
Mrs. Lees's books (name is Lees)
Rule 3
Use the apostrophe where the noun that should follow is implied.
Example:
This was his father's, not his, jacket.
Rule 4
To show plural possession, make the noun plural first. Then immediately use the apostrophe.
Examples:
two boys' hats two women's hats
two actresses' hats
two children's hats
the Changs' house
the Joneses' golf clubs
the Strauses' daughter
the Sanchezes' artwork
the Hastingses' appointment
the Leeses' books
Rule 5
Do not use an apostrophe for the plural of a name.
Examples:
We visited the Sanchezes in Los Angeles.
The Changs have two cats and a dog.
Rule 6
With a singular compound noun, show possession with 's at the end of the word.
Example:
my mother-in-law's hat
Rule 7
If the compound noun is plural, form the plural first and then use the apostrophe.
Example:
my two brothers-in-law's hats
Rule 8
Use the apostrophe and s after the second name only if two people possess the same item.
Examples:
Cesar and Maribel's home is constructed of redwood.
Cesar's and Maribel's job contracts will be renewed next year.
Indicates separate ownership.
Cesar and Maribel's job contracts will be renewed next year.
Indicates joint ownership of more than one contract.
Rule 9
Never use an apostrophe with possessive pronouns: his, hers, its, theirs, ours, yours, whose. They already show possession so they do not require an apostrophe.
Correct:
This book is hers, not yours.
Incorrect:
Sincerely your's.
Rule 10
The only time an apostrophe is used for it's is when it is a contraction for it is or it has.
Examples:
It's a nice day.
It's your right to refuse the invitation.
It's been great getting to know you.
Rule 11
The plurals for capital letters and numbers used as nouns are not formed with apostrophes.
Examples:
She consulted with three M.D.s.
BUT
She went to three M.D.s' offices.
The apostrophe is needed here to show plural possessive.
She learned her ABCs.
the 1990s not the 1990's
the '90s or the mid-'70s not the '90's or the mid-'70's
She learned her times tables for 6s and 7s.
Exception:
Use apostrophes with capital letters and numbers when the meaning would be unclear otherwise. Examples:
Please dot your i's.
You don't mean is.
Ted couldn't distinguish between his 6's and 0's.
You need to use the apostrophe to indicate the plural of zero or it will look like the word Os. To be consistent within a sentence, you would also use the apostrophe to indicate the plural of 6's.
Rule 12
Use the possessive case in front of a gerund (-ing word).
Examples:
Alex's skating was a joy to behold.
This does not stop Joan's inspecting of our facilities next Thursday.
Rule 13
If the gerund has a pronoun in front of it, use the possessive form of that pronoun.
Examples:
I appreciate your inviting me to dinner.I appreciated his working with me to resolve the conflict.
"As chairman of the Apostrophe Protection Society (https://www.wendangku.net/doc/bd4213565.html,), I had to write and express my pleasure at seeing your view on the apostrophe and names ending in an s." —John Richards
There are three ways a waitress can make a good impression on her boss and her customers:
(a) Dress appropriately.
(b) Calculate the bill carefully.
(c) Be courteous to customers.
I want an assistant who can (1) input data, (2) write reports, and (3) complete tax forms.
Rule 3
Capitalization and punctuation are optional when using single words or phrases in bulleted form. If each bullet or numbered point is a complete sentence, capitalize the first word and end each sentence with proper ending punctuation. The rule of thumb is to be consistent.
Examples:
I want an assistant who can do the following:
(a) input data,
(b) write reports, and
(c) complete tax forms.
The following are requested:
(a) Wool sweaters for possible cold weather.
(b) Wet suits for snorkeling.
(c) Introductions to the local dignitaries.
OR
The following are requested:
(a) wool sweaters for possible cold weather
(b) wet suits for snorkeling
(c) introductions to the local dignitaries
NOTE: With lists, you may use periods after numbers and letters instead of parentheses.
These are some of the pool rules:
1. Do not run.
2. If you see unsafe behavior, report it to the lifeguard.
3. Have fun!
Rule 4
Use a colon instead of a semicolon between two sentences when the second sentence explains or illustrates the first sentence and no coordinating conjunction is being used to connect the sentences. If only one sentence follows the colon, do not capitalize the first word of the new sentence. If two or more sentences follow the colon, capitalize the first word of each sentence following.
Examples:
I enjoy reading: novels by Kurt Vonnegut are among my favorites.
Garlic is used in Italian cooking: It greatly enhances the flavor of pasta dishes. It also enhances the flavor of eggplant.
Rule 5
Use the colon to introduce a direct quotation that is more than three lines in length. In this situation, leave a blank line above and below the quoted material. Single space the long quotation. Some style manuals say to indent
one-half inch on both the left and right margins; others say to indent only on the left margin. Quotation marks are not used.
Example:
The author of Touched, Jane Straus, wrote in the first chapter:
Georgia went back to her bed and stared at the intricate patterns of burned moth wings in the translucent glass of the overhead light. Her father was in ―hyper mode‖ again where nothing could calm him down.
He’d been talking nonstop for a week about remodeling projects, following her around the house as she tried to escape his chatter. He was just about to crash, she knew.
Rule 6
Use the colon to follow the salutation of a business letter even when addressing someone by his/her first name. Never use a semicolon after a salutation. A comma is used after the salutation for personal correspondence. Example:
Dear Ms. Rodriguez:
Dashes
There are many uses of the en and em dash and also many ways to form these dashes using your computer. The following explanations offer the most common uses and methods for forming these dashes.
En Dash
An en dash, roughly the width of an n, is a little longer than a hyphen. It is used for periods of time when you might otherwise use to.
Examples:
The years 2001–2003
January–June
An en dash is also used in place of a hyphen when combining open compounds.
Examples:
North Carolina–Virginia border
a high school–college conference
Most authorities recommend using no spaces before or after en or em dashes. To form an en dash with most PCs, type the first number or word, then hold down the ALT key while typing 0150 on the numerical pad on the right side of your keyboard. Then type the second number or word.
Em Dash
An em dash is the width of an m. Use an em dash sparingly in formal writing. In informal writing, em dashes may replace commas, semicolons, colons, and parentheses to indicate added emphasis, an interruption, or an abrupt change of thought.
Examples:
You are the friend—the only friend—who offered to help me.
Never have I met such a lovely person—before you.
I pay the bills—she has all the fun.
A semicolon would be used here in formal writing.
I need three items at the store—dog food, vegetarian chili, and cheddar cheese.
Remember, a colon would be used here in formal writing.
My agreement with Fiona is clear—she teaches me French and I teach her German.
Again, a colon would work here in formal writing.
Please call my agent—Jessica Cohen—about hiring me.
Parentheses or commas would work just fine here instead of the dashes.
I wish you would—oh, never mind.
This shows an abrupt change in thought and warrants an em dash.
To form an em dash on most PCs, type the first word, then hold down the ALT key while typing 0151 on the numerical pad on the right side of your keyboard. Then type the second word. You may also form an em dash by typing the first word, hitting the hyphen key twice, and then typing the second word. Your program will turn the two hyphens into an em dash for you.
While there are many more possible uses of the em dash, by not providing additional rules, I am hoping to curb your temptation to employ this convenient but overused punctuation mark.
Ellipsis Marks
Use ellipsis marks when omitting a word, phrase, line, paragraph, or more from a quoted passage.
NOTE: To create ellipsis marks with a PC, type the period three times and the spacing will be automatically set, or press Ctrl-Alt and the period once.
The Three-dot Method
There are many methods for using ellipses. The three-dot method is the simplest and is appropriate for most general works and many scholarly ones. The three- or four-dot method and an even more rigorous method used in legal works require fuller explanations that can be found in other reference books.
Rule 1
Use no more than three marks whether the omission occurs in the middle of a sentence or between sentences. Example:
Original sentence:
The regulation states, "All agencies must document overtime or risk losing federal funds."
Rewritten using ellipses:
The regulation states, "All agencies must document overtime..."
NOTE: With the three-dot method, you may leave out punctuation such as commas that were in the original. Example:
Original sentence from Lincoln's Gettysburg Address:
"Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth, upon this continent, a new nation, conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal."
Rewritten using ellipses:
"Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth...a new nation, conceived in liberty..."
Rule 2
When you omit one or more paragraphs within a long quotation, use ellipsis marks after the last punctuation mark that ends the preceding paragraph.
Use the exclamation point to show emphasis or surprise. Do not use the exclamation point in formal business writing.
Example:
I'm truly shocked by your behavior!
Hyphens
Hyphens Between Words
Rule 1
To check whether a compound noun is two words, one word, or hyphenated, you may need to look it up in the dictionary. If you can't find the word in the dictionary, treat the noun as separate words.
Examples:
eyewitness, eye shadow, eye-opener
NOTE:
All these words had to be looked up in the dictionary to know what to do with them!
Rule 2
Phrases that have verb, noun, and adjective forms should appear as separate words when used as verbs and as one word when used as nouns or adjectives.
Examples:
The engine will eventually break down. (verb)
We suffered a breakdown in communications. (noun)
Please clean up your room. (verb)
That Superfund site will require specialized cleanup procedures. (adjective)
Rule 3
Compound verbs are either hyphenated or appear as one word. If you do not find the verb in the dictionary, hyphenate it.
Examples:
To air-condition the house will be costly.
We were notified that management will downsize the organization next year.
Rule 4
Generally, hyphenate between two or more adjectives when they come before a noun and act as a single idea. Examples:
friendly-looking man
(compound adjective in front of a noun)
friendly little girl
(not a compound adjective)
brightly lit room
(Brightly is an adverb describing lit, not an adjective.)
Rule 5
When adverbs not ending in -ly are used as compound words in front of a noun, hyphenate. When the combination of words is used after the noun, do not hyphenate.
Examples:
The well-known actress accepted her award.
Well is an adverb followed by another descriptive word. They combine to form one idea in front of the noun.
The actress who accepted her award was well known.
Well known follows the noun it describes, so no hyphen is used.
A long-anticipated decision was finally made.
He got a much-needed haircut yesterday.
His haircut was much needed.
Rule 6
Remember to use a comma, not a hyphen, between two adjectives when you could have used and between them. Examples:
I have important, classified documents.
Jennifer received a lovely, fragrant bouquet on Valentine's Day.
Rule 7
Hyphenate all compound numbers from twenty-one through ninety-nine.
Examples:
The teacher had thirty-two children in her classroom.
Only twenty-one of the children were bilingual.
Rule 8
Hyphenate all spelled-out fractions.
Examples:
You need one-third of a cup of sugar for that recipe.
More than one-half of the student body voted for removing soda machines from campus.
Hyphens with Prefixes
Rule 1
The current trend is to do away with unnecessary hyphens. Therefore, attach most prefixes and suffixes onto root words without a hyphen.
Examples:
noncompliance
copayment
semiconscious
fortyish
Rule 2:
Hyphenate prefixes when they come before proper nouns.
Example:
un-American
Rule 3
Hyphenate prefixes ending in an a or i only when the root word begins with the same letter.
Examples:
ultra-ambitious
semi-invalid
Rule 4
When a prefix ends in one vowel and a root word begins with a different vowel, generally attach them without a hyphen.
Examples:
antiaircraft
proactive
Rule 5
Prefixes and root words that result in double e's and double o's are usually combined to form one word. Examples:
preemployment
coordinate
Exceptions:
de-emphasize
co-owner
Rule 6
Hyphenate all words beginning with self except for selfish and selfless.
Examples:
self-assured
self-respect
self-addressed
Rule 7
Use a hyphen with the prefix ex.
Example:
His ex-wife sued for nonsupport.
Rule 8
Use the hyphen with the prefix re only when:
the re means again AND omitting the hyphen would cause confusion with another word.
Examples:
Will she recover from her illness?
Re does not mean again.
I have re-covered the sofa twice.
Re does mean again AND omitting the hyphen would have caused confusion with another word.
The stamps have been reissued.
Re means again but would not cause confusion with another word.
I must re-press the shirt.
Re means again AND omitting the hyphen would have caused confusion with another word
Parentheses
Rule 1
Use parentheses to enclose words or figures that clarify or are used as an aside.
Examples:
I expect five hundred dollars ($500).
He finally answered (after taking five minutes to think) that he did not understand the question.
Commas could have been used in the above example. Parentheses show less emphasis or importance.
Em dashes, which could also have been used instead of parentheses, show emphasis.
Rule 2
Use full parentheses to enclose numbers or letters used for listed items.
Example:
We need an emergency room physician who can (1) think quickly, (2) treat patients respectfully, and (3) handle complaints from the public.
Rule 3
Periods go inside parentheses only if an entire sentence is inside the parentheses.
Examples:
Please read the analysis (I enclosed it as Attachment A.).
OR
Please read the analysis. (I enclosed it as Attachment A.)
OR
Please read the analysis (Attachment A).
Please shop, cook, etc. I will do the laundry.
Rule 3
Use the period after an indirect question.
Example:
He asked where his suitcase was.
Quotation Marks
Rule 1
Periods and commas always go inside quotation marks, even inside single quotes.
Examples:
The sign changed from "Walk," to "Don't Walk," to "Walk" again within 30 seconds.
She said, "Hurry up."
She said, "He said, 'Hurry up.'"
Rule 2
The placement of question marks with quotes follows logic. If a question is in quotation marks, the question mark should be placed inside the quotation marks.
Examples:
She asked, "Will you still be my friend?"
Do you agree with the saying, "All's fair in love and war"?
Here the question is outside the quote.
NOTE: Only one ending punctuation mark is used with quotation marks. Also, the stronger punctuation mark wins. Therefore, no period after war is used.
Rule 3
When you have a question outside quoted material AND inside quoted material, use only one question mark and place it inside the quotation mark.
Example:
Did she say, "May I go?"
Rule 4
Use single quotation marks for quotes within quotes. Note that the period goes inside all quote marks. Example:
He said, "Danea said, 'Do not treat me that way.'"
Rule 5
Use quotation marks to set off a direct quotation only.
Examples:
"When will you be here?" he asked.
He asked when you will be there.
Rule 6
Do not use quotation marks with quoted material that is more than three lines in length. See Colons, Rule 5, for style guidance with longer quotes.
Rule 7
When you are quoting something that has a spelling or grammar mistake or presents material in a confusing way, insert the term sic in italics and enclose it in brackets. Sic means, "This is the way the original material was." Example:
She wrote, "I would rather die then [sic] be seen wearing the same outfit as my sister."
Should be than, not then.
As we discussed, you will bring two items; i.e., a sleeping bag and a tent are not optional.
Rule 3
Use either a semicolon or a comma before introductory words such as namely, however, therefore, that is, i.e., for example, e.g., or for instance when they introduce a list following a complete sentence. Use a comma after the introductory word.
Examples:
You will want to bring many backpacking items; for example, sleeping bags, pans, and warm clothing.
You will want to bring many backpacking items, for example, sleeping bags, pans, and warm clothing.
Rule 4
Use the semicolon to separate units of a series when one or more of the units contain commas.
Example:
This conference has people who have come from Boise, Idaho; Los Angeles, California; and Nashville, Tennessee. Rule 5
Use the semicolon between two sentences joined by a coordinating conjunction when one or more commas appear in the first sentence.
Examples:
When I finish here, I will be glad to help you; and that is a promise I will keep.
If she can, she will attempt that feat; and if her husband is able, he will be there to see her.
英文标点符号使用方法
英文标点符号使用方法 文章简介:英文标点符号的使用 句点(FullStop/Period，“.”)问号(QuestionMark，“,”)感叹号(ExclamationMark，“!”)逗点(Comma，“,”)冒号(Colon，“:”)分号(Semicolon，“;”)连字符(Hyphen，“-”)连接号(EnDash，“–”)破折号(EmDash，“—”)括号(Parentheses，小括号“()”;中括号“[]”;大括号“{}…英文标点符号的使用句点(FullStop/Period，“.”)问号(QuestionMark，“,”)感叹号(ExclamationMark，“!”)逗点(Comma，“,”)冒号(Colon，“:”)分号(Semicolon，“;”)连字符(Hyphen，“-”)连接号(EnDash，“–”)破折号(EmDash，“—”)括号(Parentheses，小括号“()”;中括号“[]”;大括号“{}”)引号(QuotationMarks，双引号““”;单引号“‘”)缩写及所有格符号(Apostrophe，“‘”) 一、.句点1.句点用于当一句话完全结束时。2.句点也可以用于英文单词的缩写，如Mrs.,Dr.,P.S.等。但要注意的是当缩写的字母形成了一个单词的时候就不要使用句点。如IBM,DNA等。 二、,问号问号要用在一个直接的问句，而不是间接的。如Howwillyousolvetheproblem,是正确的用法，但用在 Iwonderhowyouwillsolvetheproblem,就不对了，应该使用句点而不是问号。 另外，在客气的用语中，也是用句点而不是问号.如Willyoupleasegivemeacalltomorrow. 三、!感叹号感叹号用于感叹和惊叹的陈述中，在商业写作中要 注意感叹号的应用，因为不恰当的使用会显得突兀及不稳重。 四、;分号1.与中文一样，分号用于分隔地位平等的独立子句。
英文标点符号用法
Copy from: http://www.writingcentre.uottawa.ca/ The Comma Comma usage is in some respects a question of personal writing style: some writers use commas liberally, while others prefer to use them sparingly. Most modern North American style guides now recommend using fewer commas rather than more, so when faced with the option of using a comma or not, you may find it wise to refrain. For instance, the use of a comma before the "and" in a series is usually optional, and many writers choose to eliminate it, provided there is no danger of misreading: We bought scarves, mittens and sweaters before leaving for Iceland. (comma unnecessary before "and") We ate apples, plums, and strawberry and kiwi compote. (comma needed before "and" for clarity) Comma Usage https://www.wendangku.net/doc/bd4213565.html,e a comma before a co-ordinating conjunction that joins independent clauses (unless the independent clauses are very short): I wrapped the fresh fish in three layers of newspaper, but my van still smelled like trout for the next week. (commas with two independent clauses) She invited him to her party and he accepted. (comma unnecessary with short clauses) https://www.wendangku.net/doc/bd4213565.html,e a comma after an introductory adverb clause and, often, after an introductory phrase (unless the phrase is very short): After the hospital had completed its fund-raising campaign, an anonymous donor contributed an additional $10,000. (after introductory adverb clause) From the east wall to the west, her cottage measures twenty feet. (After introductory prepositional phrase) In the bottom drawer you will find some pink spandex tights. (no comma with short, closely related phrase) https://www.wendangku.net/doc/bd4213565.html,e a comma to separate items in a series: Playing in a band can be exciting, but many people do not realize the hardships involved: constant rehearsals, playing until 2 a.m., handling drunken audience
常用标点符号用法简表
常用标点符号用法简表 一、基本定义 句子，前后都有停顿，并带有一定的句调，表示相对完整的意义。句子前后或中间的停顿，在口头语言中，表现出来就是时间间隔，在书面语言中，就用标点符号来表示。一般来说，汉语中的句子分以下几种： 陈述句：用来说明事实的句子。 祈使句：用来要求听话人做某件事情的句子。 疑问句：用来提出问题的句子。 感叹句：用来抒发某种强烈感情的句子。 复句、分句：意思上有密切联系的小句子组织在一起构成一个大句子。这样的大句子叫复句，复句中的每个小句子叫分句。 构成句子的语言单位是词语，即词和短语（词组）。词即最小的能独立运用的语言单位。短语，即由两个或两个以上的词按一定的语法规则组成的表达一定意义的语言单位，也叫词组。 标点符号是书面语言的有机组成部分，是书面语言不可缺少的辅助工具。它帮助人们确切地表达思想感情和理解书面语言。 二、用法简表 名称符 号 用法说明举例 句 号①。 1．用于陈述句的末尾。北京是中华人民共和国的首都。 2．用于语气舒缓的祈使句末尾。请您稍等一下。 问号？ 1．用于疑问句的末尾。他叫什么名字？ 2．用于反问句的末尾。难道你不了解我吗？ 叹号！ 1．用于感叹句的末尾。为祖国的繁荣昌盛而奋斗！ 2．用于语气强烈的祈使句末尾。停止射击！ 3．用于语气强烈的反问句末尾。我哪里比得上他呀！ 逗号， 1．句子内部主语与谓语之间如需 停顿，用逗号。 我们看得见的星星，绝大多数是恒 星。 2．句子内部动词与宾语之间如需 停顿，用逗号。 应该看到，科学需要一个人贡献出 毕生的精力。
3．句子内部状语后边如需停顿， 用逗号。 对于这个城市，他并不陌生。 4．复句内各分句之间的停顿，除了有时要用分号外，都要用逗号。据说苏州园林有一百多处，我到过的不过十多处。 顿号、 用于句子内部并列词语之间的停 顿。 正方形是四边相等、四角均为直角 的四边形。 分 号②； 1．用于复句内部并列分句之间的 停顿。 语言，人们用来抒情达意；文字， 人们用来记言记事。 2．用于分行列举的各项之间。中华人民共和国行政区域划分如 下： （一）全国分为省、自治区、直辖 市； （二）省、自治区分为自治州、县、 自治县、市； （三）县、自治县分为乡、民族乡、 镇。 冒号： 1．用于称呼语后边，表示提起下 文。 同志们，朋友们：现在开会了…… 2．用于“说、想、是、证明、宣布、 指出、透露、例如、如下”等词语后 边，提起下文。 他十分惊讶地说：“啊，原来是你！” 3．用于总说性话语的后边，表示 引起下文的分说。 北京紫禁城有四座城门：武门、神 武门、东华门、西华门。 4．用于需要解释的词语后边，表 示引出解释或说明。 外文图书展销会 日期：10月20日至于11月10日 时间：上午8时至下午4时 地点：北京朝阳区工体东路16号 主办单位：中国图书进出口总公司5．用于总括性话语的前边，以总 结上文。 张华考上了北京大学；李萍进了中 等技术学校；我在百货公司当售货 员：我们都有光明的前途。 引 号“1．用于行文中直接引用的部分。 “满招损，谦受益”这句格言，流传 到今天至少有两千年了。
英文标点符号用法规范
标点符号用法 PUNCTUATION 本文参考《微软技术出版物文体手册第三版》，所述标点符号的用法仅限于对帮助文档、网站文档、营销软文、客服回贴、界面文字等技术文档的写作过程中标点符号的使用方法进行规范。如有疑问，请参照原书。欢迎补充、修正。 目录 句号和点号（Period . ） (2) 逗号（Comma , ） (2) 撇号（Apostrophe ’ ） (3) 冒号（Colon : ） (4) 分号（Semicolon ; ） (5) 引号（Quotation Marks “ ” ‘’） (5) 括号（Parentheses () ） (6) 连词符、连词法（Hyphen, Hyphenation - ） (6) 破折号（Dash ） (7) 长破折号（the em dash —） (7) 短破折号（ the en dash –） (7) 省略号（Ellipse ... ） . (8) 斜线（Slash Marks / \ ） (8) 感叹号（Exclamation Point ! ） (9) 参考书目（Reference） (9)
一般情况下，标点符号的字体要跟前面的文字字体保持一致。如果前面的文字是一个命令、选项、关键字、占位符、一段代码、或者要求用户输入的特殊格式，标点符号就用罗马字体，以区别标点符号跟前面的文字。 句号和点号（Period . ） 1、句号紧接文字，无需空格。句号后接下一句要有一个空格。 2、冒号后面接列表项目时，如果一个条目是一句完整的话，后面用句号；如果是短语，不要加句号，即使这条短语跟前面的介绍性文字能组成一句话，也不加句号。 例： Correct If you use printer fonts: ? Choose a printer before creating a presentation. ? Install all the fonts and printers that you will use by selecting them in the Print Setup dialog box. The database includes: ? Reports ? Forms ? Tables ? Modules Incorrect The database includes: ? Reports, ? Forms, ? Tables, and ? Modules. 3、指文件扩展名时，前面要有点号。如：an .exe file。 逗号（Comma , ） 1、列举三个或三个以上元素时用逗号分开，用连词连接最后两个元素时，连词前也加逗号。 例： Correct You need a hard disk, an EGA or VGA monitor, and a mouse. 2、介绍性的短语后加逗号。 例： Correct In Microsoft Windows, you can run many programs.
小学语文标点符号使用大全
小学语文标点符号使用大全 句号（。）是个小圆点，用它表示说话完。 逗号（，）小点带尾巴，句内停顿要用它。 顿号（、）像个芝麻点，并列词语点中间。 分号（；）两点拖条尾，并列分句中间点。 冒号（：）小小两圆点，要说话儿写后边。 问号（？）好像耳朵样，表示一句问话完。 叹号（！）像个小炸弹，表示惊喜和感叹。 引号（“”）好像小蝌蚪，内放引文或对话。 话里套话分单双，里单外双要记牢。 省略号（……）六个点，表示意思还没完。 破折号（——）短横线，表示解说、话题转。 书名号（《》）两头尖，书、刊名称放中间。 圆括号（），方括号[]，注解文字放里边。 学标点，并不难，多看多练才熟练。 二、基本定义 句子，前后都有停顿，并带有一定的句调，表示相对完整的意义。句子前后或中间的停顿，在口头语言中，表现出来就是时间间隔，在书面语言中，就用标点符号来表示。一般来说，汉语中的句子分以下几种：
陈述句：用来说明事实的句子。 祈使句：用来要求听话人做某件事情的句子。 疑问句：用来提出问题的句子。 感叹句：用来抒发某种强烈感情的句子。 复句、分句：意思上有密切联系的小句子组织在一起构成一个大句子。这样的大句子叫复句，复句中的每个小句子叫分句。 构成句子的语言单位是词语，即词和短语(词组)。词即最小的能独立运用的语言单位。短语，即由两个或两个以上的词按一定的语法规则组成的表达一定意义的语言单位，也叫词组。 标点符号是书面语言的有机组成部分，是书面语言不可缺少的辅助工具。它帮助人们确切地表达思想感情和理解书面语言。 三、用法简表名称符号用法说明举例 (一)句号。 1、用于陈述句的末尾。 北京是中华人民共和国的首都。 2、用于语气舒缓的祈使句末尾。 请您稍等一下。 (二)问号? 1、用于疑问句的末尾。
英语标点符号的用法
英语标点符号地用法 ( ) 标签：分类： 逗点： .逗点用于分隔一系列地简单内容，如, , .文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习 .逗点用于修饰名词地多个形容词之间，如, .逗点用于连接两个较长地独立子句，而且每个句子地主语不同，如, .文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习 .逗点用于关联地子句之间，如’ , .文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习 .逗点用于一个较长地修饰短语之后，如, .文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习.逗点用于直接引用地句子之前，如, “’ .”（注意：如果是引用比较正式地发言讲话就要用冒号，一般情况下就用逗点.）文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习 如果句中含有间接引用就不需要逗点，如. 在反问句之前要使用逗点，如, ’ ？文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习 分号： .与中文一样，分号用于分隔地位平等地独立子句.在某些情况下，使用分号比使用句点更显出子句之间地紧密联系，另外分号也经常与连接副词, , 一起使用(放在这些词语之前).如; , ’ .文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习 .在句子中如果已经使用过逗点，为了避免歧义地产生，就用分号来分隔相似地内容.如, ; , ; . .文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习 需要注意地是：一个完整地句子以大写字母开始，以句点结束.写英文时用逗点代替句点、分号、冒号或破折号叫“逗号错”，这正是中国学生所要避免地.请比较下列例句：误：, . （注意：上面句子中划横线地部分是两个不同地主语，而且逗点前后地句子是完整地单独拿出来都能代表一个完整地意思.因此，用逗号违反了英文规定，即一个句子只能有一套主干.）正：; . . . . . , . , . 误：, . 正：; . : .文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习 连字符： .连字号主要用于某些前缀(如: 和) 后和构成复合词.如: (前夫)（全新地）（衣着破烂地） . .
常用标点符号用法含义
一、基本定义 句子，前后都有停顿，并带有一定的句调，表示相对完整的意义。句子前后或中间的停顿，在口头语言中，表现出来就是时间间隔，在书面语言中，就用标点符号来表示。一般来说，汉语中的句子分以下几种： 陈述句： 用来说明事实的句子。 祈使句： 用来要求听话人做某件事情的句子。 疑问句： 用来提出问题的句子。 感叹句： 用来抒发某种强烈感情的句子。 复句、分句： 意思上有密切联系的小句子组织在一起构成一个大句子。这样的大句子叫复句，复句中的每个小句子叫分句。 构成句子的语言单位是词语，即词和短语（词组）。词即最小的能独立运用的语言单位。短语，即由两个或两个以上的词按一定的语法规则组成的表达一定意义的语言单位，也叫词组。 标点符号是书面语言的有机组成部分，是书面语言不可缺少的辅助工具。它帮助人们确切地表达思想感情和理解书面语言。 二、用法简表 名称
句号① 问号符号用法说明。？1．用于陈述句的末尾。 2．用于语气舒缓的祈使句末尾。 1．用于疑问句的末尾。 2．用于反问句的末尾。 1．用于感叹句的末尾。 叹号！ 2．用于语气强烈的祈使句末尾。 3．用于语气强烈的反问句末尾。举例 xx是xx的首都。 请您稍等一下。 他叫什么名字？ 难道你不了解我吗？为祖国的繁荣昌盛而奋斗！停止射击！ 我哪里比得上他呀！ 1．句子内部主语与谓语之间如需停顿，用逗号。我们看得见的星星，绝大多数是恒星。 2．句子内部动词与宾语之间如需停顿，用逗号。应该看到，科学需要一个人贡献出毕生的精力。 3．句子内部状语后边如需停顿，用逗号。对于这个城市，他并不陌生。 4．复句内各分句之间的停顿，除了有时要用分号据说苏州园林有一百多处，我到过的不外，都要用逗号。过十多处。 顿号、用于句子内部并列词语之间的停顿。
英语中标点符号的用法大全
英语中标点符号的用法大全 1、逗号(comma) , 英文中逗号的作用和汉语是一样的。另外，逗号还使用于用who和which的定于从句。 英文中的分号和逗号是同一符号。分号隔开并列关系的单词和短语。需要注意的是，使用了分号的短语一般最后一项内容前都是用了and或者or，此时和汉语所不同的是and或or前也应该使用分号（这是最最最常犯的语法错误之一，很多英语使用者都不知道），否则有可能造成歧义。比如，猫、狗和牛应该是"cat, dog, and ox"而非"cat, dog and ox"。 2、句号(period) . 英文中的句号的作用和汉语一样。 英文中的简写符号和句号是同一符号，比如Mr.、 Ms.、etc.等等。如果句号作为简写符号使用，那么这个词语简写前后面的符号应该照常写上，因为简写号并非句号，也不遵循句号的语法。比如Entreprise Co., Ltd或者I invited Tom, Jerry, etc..（注意两个点）。
3、冒号(colon) : 英文中的冒号的作用和汉语一样。当冒号后是引用一个人说的话，也可以使用逗号。 4、分号(semi-colon) ; 英文中的分号的作用和汉语一样。需要注意的是，分号和逗号有时是可以互相交替的，比如如下的情况。 Tom met me, and later he met Joan. Tom met me; later he met Joan. 或 Tom hates cheese, but he likes butter. Tom hates cheese; he like butter, though. 当只有两个句子相并列时，分号可以和被逗号+连结词互替。但注意第二个例子里，but的转接意是需要用其他成份补充的。 5、引号(quotation mark) 英文中的引号的作用和汉语一样，可用于引用和戏虐。 引号同时可以作为书名号，但只能使用于短诗歌，短故事，短电影和歌曲上。参见下文中“斜体字”。在英国，引用原话应该使用单引号，而话中话应该使用双引号。自然，引用和戏虐应该使用单引号了。 在美国，情况恰恰相反。另外，在美国，如果后引号和一
几个容易用错的英语标点符号用法
几个容易用错的英语标点符号用法 整理了一些标点符号的用法，希望能与英语爱好者一同学习、进步，同时，也欢迎大 家来补充一些有关于标点符号的用法。 I．逗号（，） 1．在并列句中，连词（and, but, or, for, so, nor, yet）的前面用逗号。 应当指出，如果两个或三个并列从句都很简短，意思又紧密相连，它们之间可以不用 连词而只用逗号： A memoir is history, it is based on evidence. 2.写日期时，如次序是月－日－年，在日和年之间加逗号。如次序是日－月－年，则 不加逗号： He was born on October 15,1983. He was born on 15 October 1983. 注意：英文中是没有顿号的，基本上可以说在中文中用顿号的地方可以用逗号取代。 II．句号（.） 1.省略词一般加句号，如：Mr. Mrs. Ms. B.A. p.m. 注意在B.A. 等词后面那个句号不要丢掉，现在有趋势在省略词后面不加句号，尤其 是在团体、通讯社和广播电台名称后面：UN NATO BBC NBC UNESCO
2.如果在一个句子后面使用省略号，后面还得加句号，即变成四个句号。 III．分号（；） 1．有些起连系作用的副词，如 however, therefore, hence, nevertheless, moreover , thus, otherwise, besides等等，不应该用作连词来联系并列从句，在它们之间应 该用分号而不是逗号。 2．如从句内已经已有标点，即使从句中有连词仍应用分号：Unfortunately, Tom couldn't come; and his absence made things difficult for us. 3. 如若干项内已有逗号，可用分号将各项分开： On the committee are quite a few well-known people; for example, Professor Zhao, Dean of the Normal College; Mr. Han, editor-in-chief of the local evening paper; Miss Xu, a popular actress; and Mr. Hu, Director of the Bureau of Culture. VI.问号（？） 1.一个文句涉及多项时，各项之后皆可打问号： Did she buy butter? milk? eggs? apples? books? 2.放在括号中的问号表示不能肯定它前面的那个词、数字或日期的准确性： The author of this strange book was born in 1078(?) and died
常见标点符号用法
常见标点符号误用整理 一、顿号误用 1．有联结作用的词时 ② “又”、“以及”等词前不应用顿号，而应改为逗号。类似的词还有“甚至”、“或”、“并且”、“还有”等。 2 3 ①七八月份，西南季风的风力常达八九级以上，并伴有暴雨，给船舶航行造成一定困难。“七八月份”不是表示概数，而是指七月份和八月份，“七”“八”之间应加顿号。“八九级”表示概数，根据国家标准《出版物上数字用法的规定》，“相邻的两个数字并列连用表示概数， 4．只有并列词语 ① 句中是并列单句，而不是并列词语（词和词组），所以顿号应改为逗号。 ①德国数学家克罗内克尔（Leopold Kronecker，1823～1891）曾说：“上帝创造了自然数， 数字之间一般情况下使用浪纹式连接号，但表示人生卒年的连接号必须用一字线。 ①有蚊蝇滋生的沼泽，有连绵起伏的群山，有乱石垒垒的沙漠，也有地势很低的河谷……。省略号已经是句末的标号，不要再用句号。除了引号以外，省略号后一般不再用任何标点符 四 1 ②《船舶国籍证书》的有效期为5 2 ①《Guide To Port Entry 英语中没有书名号，中文行文中遇英文书名时遵行英语习惯，但须首字母大写，或全部大写。例如，《纽约客》（The New Yorker）杂志曾登载了一篇文章……
五、问号的误用 1、连续疑问句少用了问号 ①茫茫宇宙到底有没有外星人，生命能不能合成，人果真由命运主宰？这一切都引起人们深深地思考。 本例中问号前面的三个句子都是疑问句，所以应将两个逗号都改为问号。 六、省略号与句号 1、句内括号的情况 括号里面的句子末尾一般不用符号，但可以根据情况用问号、感叹号、省略号。见下正例。 ①如果不采取（但应如何采取呢？）十分具体的控制措施，中国大量出口商品就可能引起敏感的反应。（正确） ②林语堂说过希望余生能有机会写一部（或者哪怕是读到一部！）翻译专论，但后人却只能怀着痛惜之情与他们告别。（正确） ③在介绍山岳冰川时，运用一连串的比喻（有的状如树枝，有的貌似海星，有的像漏斗，有的似裙子……），生动而形象的说明了事物的形态特征。（正确） 2、句外括号的情况 句外括号里面的句子末尾用不用句号，酌情考虑。 假如句外括号后面还有文字或者括号里的句子较长较复杂，括号里的句子末尾的句号保留。假如句外括号后面没有文字，括号里的句子末尾的句号可用可不用。 假如句外括号里面不是句子而是词语、短语，后面不用句号。 ①……这些都应该学习，但是从大处看，应当作为学习的主要对象的，还是它的人物描写和结构。(请不要误会以为《水浒》的其他方面就没有可供我们学习之处；不过，此篇专谈它的如何创造人物与如何结构全局，所以暂时不谈它的其他方面。)在这上头，我的偏见，以为《水浒》比《红楼梦》强些……（正确） ②不能把夏朝看作奴隶国家已经完全成立，只能看作原始公社正在向奴隶制度国家过渡。在过渡期中，国家也就不知不觉地发达起来了。(龙山文化遗址里，也有俯身葬，俯身者很可能是奴隶。)（正确，用了句号） ②我有一本书。（强调的是我有的书是一本，而不是两本或更多）（正确，没用句号） 七、感叹号的误用 感叹号是句末标点，不用在句中 ①那醉人的绿啊！仿佛一张极大的荷叶铺着，满是奇异的绿啊。 第一个感叹号改逗号，最后的句号改感叹号。 八、冒号的误用 不表示停顿的地方不用冒号。 ①我跳下车，说了声：“爷爷再见！”就往家里走去。 这里删除冒号，但是注意！”后面直接加文字的形式。所以，像如下情况也是正确的： “我们想要的是什么？”和“我们要避免什么？”是不同的。（正确）
小学生标点符号使用方法大全
小学生标点符号使用方法大全一、标点符号歌： 句号（。）是个小圆点，用它表示说话完。 逗号（，）小点带尾巴，句内停顿要用它。 顿号（、）像个芝麻点，并列词语点中间。 分号（；）两点拖条尾，并列分句中间点。 冒号（：）小小两圆点，要说话儿写后边。 问号（？）好像耳朵样，表示一句问话完。 叹号（！）像个小炸弹，表示惊喜和感叹。 引号（“”）好像小蝌蚪，内放引文或对话。 话里套话分单双，里单外双要记牢。 省略号（……）六个点，表示意思还没完。 破折号（——）短横线，表示解说、话题转。 书名号（《》）两头尖，书、刊名称放中间。 圆括号（），方括号[]，注解文字放里边。 学标点，并不难，多看多练才熟练。 二、用法简表
小学生标点符号使用方法大全（2） 三、标点符号的使用 一、句号句号是最常用的符号，小学一年级就要认识它。 句号表示一句话完了之后的停顿。用句号的句子语调平缓。例如： 1．太阳暖烘烘的。（小学《语文》第四册《丑小鸭》） 2．原来池底长着许多石笋，有的像起伏的丘陵，有的像险峻的山峰，有的像矗立的宝塔，有的像成簇的珊瑚。 （小学《语文》第七册《五彩池》） 3．漓江的水真静啊，静得让你感觉不到它在流动；漓江的水真清啊，清得可以看见江底的沙石；漓江的水真绿啊，绿得仿佛那是一块无瑕的翡翠。 （小学《语文》第十一册《桂林山水》） 4．眼看你们的身子一天比一天衰弱，只要哪一天吃不上东西，说不定就会起不来。 （小学《语文》第十一册《金色的鱼钩》） 例1非常简单，讲太阳给人们的感觉，是一个完整的句子，用句号。例2是一个较长的句子，它用四个“有的”把几种池底石笋的形象连在一块，句末用句号标示。例3是个长句子，实际是并列的三句话，讲了漓江水的三个特点：静、清、绿。因为三个句子作用相同、
英文书写中常见十大标点符号用法详解
英文书写中常见十大标点符号用法详解 一、句点 1. 句点用于当一句话完全结束时。 2. 句点也可以用于英文单词的缩写。如：M rs. | Dr. | P.S. 等。但要注意的是当缩写 的字母形成了一个单词的时候就不要使用句点。如：IBM, DNA 等。 二、问号 问号要用在一个直接的问句，而不是间接的。 如：How will you solve the problem ?是正确的用法，但用在I wonder how you will solve the problem ?就不对了，应该使用句点而不是问号。 另外，在客气的用语中，也是用句点而不是问号。 女口：Will you please give me a call tomorrow. 三、感叹号 感叹号用于感叹和惊叹的陈述中，在商业写作中要注意感叹号的应用，因为不恰当的使用会显得突兀及不稳重。 四、分号 1. 与中文一样，分号用于分隔地位平等的独立子句。在某些情况下，使用分号比使用句 点更显岀子句之间的紧密联系，另外分号也经常与连接副词thus, however, therefore 一起使用（放在这些词语之前）。 女口：I realize I need exercise; however, I ' ll lie down first to think about it. 2. 在句子中如果已经使用过逗点，为了避免歧义的产生，就用分号来分隔相似的内容。 女口：The employees were Tom Hanks, the manager; Jim White, the engineer; and Dr. Jack Lee. 需要注意的是：一个完整的句子以大写字母开始，以句点结束。写英文时用逗点代替句点、分号、冒号或破折号叫逗号错”这正是中国学生所要避免的。
2020年[小学常用标点符号用法大全]
小学常用标点符号用法大全，务必让孩子掌握，不少大人都用错了！标点符号用法很重要，影响考试成绩，老师家长一定要教会孩子！ 1 句号一句末尾用句号，语气平缓调不高。 读书见它要停顿，作文断句莫忘掉。 基本用法用于句子末尾，表示陈述语气。使用句号主要根据语段前后有较大停顿、带有陈述语气和语调，并不取决于句子的长短。 示例1北京是中华人民共和国的首都。 示例2（甲咱们走着去吧？）乙好。 有时也可表示较缓和的祈使语气和感叹语气。 示例1请您稍等一下。 示例2我不由地感到，这些普通劳动者也同样是很值得尊敬的。 常见错误当断不断，一逗到底。 不当断却断了，割裂了句子。如生产成本居高不下的原因，一个是设备落后，能耗高。另一个是管理不善，浪费严重。（“能耗高“后面的句号应改作逗号） 2 问号有疑有问用问号，设问反问也需要。 遇它读出语调来，看书见它要思考。 基本用法用于句子的末尾，表示疑问语气（包括反问、设问等疑问类型）。使用问句主要根据语段前后有较大停顿、带有疑问语气和语调，并不取决于句子的长短。 示例1你怎么还不回家去呢？示例2难道这些普通的战士不值得歌颂吗？选择问句中，通常只在最后一个选项的末尾用问号，各个选项之间一般用逗号隔开。当选项较短且选项之间没有停顿时，选项之间可不用逗号。当选项较多或较长，或有意突出每个选项的独立性时，也可每个选项之后都用问号。 示例1诗中记述的这场战争究竟是真实的历史描述，还是诗人的虚构？示例2这是巧合还是有意安排示例3要一个什么样的结尾现实主义的？传统的？大团圆的？荒诞的？民族形式的？有象征意义的在多个问句连用或表达疑问语气加重时，可叠用问号。通常应先单用，再用叠用，最多叠用三个问号。在没有异常强烈的情感表达需要时不宜叠用问号。 示例这就是你的做法吗？你这个总经理是怎么当的？？你怎么竟敢这样欺骗消费者？？？问号也有标号的用法，即用于句内，表示存疑或不详。 示例1钟嵘(—518)，颍川长社人，南朝梁代文学批评家。
大学英语写作标点符号用法总结
Punctuation 1.period|full stop。用于陈述句和间接疑问句中 https://www.wendangku.net/doc/bd4213565.html,ma，①用于每一个单词，词组，或者从句后面 ②主句前面的状语要用逗号隔开 ③并列句用逗号隔开 ④在用于镶嵌句中不影响原句意义的非限定词短语分句前后 ⑤在直接引用前面用逗号隔开 3.semicolon；①分隔没有并列连词连接的两个关系紧密的独立分句 ②当连接副词连接两个独立分句分号置于连接副词前后面是逗号 ③分隔已经包含逗号的一系列项 4.colon：①在一个完整的句子后面的解释和列举 ②连接两个独立的分句第二句是对前一句的解释或总结 ③时间，比赛分数，圣经的章节以及商业的问候语 5.quotation marks“”①引号里面还有引句的时候用单引号区别 ②短的出版物加双引号（文章） ③表示特殊意义的词用双引号 6.underlining and italics（用于印刷品） 7.dash---a pair of hyphens①用于表达突然间的停止在想法里或者语调上 ②引导对之前一系列总结的从句这些名词是从句主语 ③解释前文 8.hyphen- 9.ellipsis points… 10.apostrophe’ 11.brackets［］ 12.parentheses() 13.exclamation marks! 14.question marks? 15.slash／ diction 1.definition of diction 2.level of words ①formal words a use b structure ②common words ③colloquial words ④slang words jargon and dialectal words (non-standard words) 3.the meaning of words ①denotation ②connotation
常用标点符号使用规范五
常用标点符号使用规范五 常用：标点符号使用规范.txt如果我穷得还剩下一碗饭我也会让你先吃饱全天下最好的东西都应该归我所有包括你！！先说喜欢我能死啊?别闹听话。有本事你就照顾好自己不然就老老实实地让我来照顾你！ 一、句号 1.句号的形式为“。”。句号还有一种形式即一个小圆点“.”一般在科技中使用。 2.陈述句末尾的停顿用句号。例如： a)北京是中华人民共和国的首都。 b)虚心使人进步骄傲使人落后。 c)亚洲地域广阔跨寒、温、热三带又因各地地形和距离海洋远近不同
气候复杂多样。 3.语气舒缓的祈使句末尾也用句号。例如：请您稍等一下。 《图书编校质量差错认定细则》“标点符号”部分指出： 句号的误用主要有两种情形： (一)是句子而不句断。常见一段文字一逗到底。例如： 已经25岁了我终于成为专业歌剧演员遗憾的是没唱几年歌剧领导却让我改唱评剧由于唱法子不对而毁了嗓子终于被迫离开我喜爱的舞台。(这一段文字是由三个句子组成的“演员”和“评剧”后的标点应改为句号。) (二)不是句子而用了句号。常见把一个句子拆成几个句子。例如： 1.电视短剧《荷花》通过一个卖扇子的小女孩同小偷勇敢斗争的故事。表现了小女孩的纯洁、善良、勇敢的性格。反映了小女孩高尚的情操和美好的心灵。(这是一个单句句子中间的两个句号应改为逗号。) 2.产生经费紧张的原因一个是实在缺得多。另一个是在经费使用效率上也存在一些问题。(这是一个复句句中的句号应改为逗号。) 《出版校对教程》还有几点提示： 1.中文和外文同时大量混排时为避免“。”“.”的传插使用可编统统采用“.”。如： 1）计算所得的结果是48%. 2）这个句子可以翻译成He love sorts.
英语标点符号使用
It's important to know the rules of English punctuation when you write, as using the wrong punctuation may lead to misunderstandings. Using the correct punctuation is especially important when you are writing to impress, such as when you are applying for a new job. 当你书写时，如何正确使用英语的标点符号可是至关重要的！因为标点的误用可能会导致其他人的误解哦，尤其是当你要找工作投简历时，正确的标点使用会助你一臂之力~~ Here is a guide to the rules for using the more common punctuation marks in English. 接下来我们就来看看怎么正确规范地使用标点符号。 When to use capital letters 什么时候要大写？ 1. At the beginning of the sentence 在句子的开头 It's cold today. 2. For the personal pronoun "I" 第一人称“I” I live in a big city. 3. For "proper nouns" 专有名词 - names and titles: Sarah, Mr Stevens, Doctor Roberts - places and countries: London, England, - nationalities and languages: He is French, She speaks Italian - companies, products and brands: Microsoft, Coca Cola
2020中考语文常用标点符号用法：引号
2020中考语文常用标点符号用法： 引号 引号 四个蝌蚪真奇妙，前揽后抱是引号。 人物语言引在内，别人文句用它标。 基本用法 1. 标示语段中直接引用的内容。 示例： 李白诗中就有“白发三千丈”这样极尽夸张的语句。 2. 表示需要着重论述或需要强调的内容。 示例： 这里所谓的“文”，并不是指文字，而是指文采。
3. 表示语段中具有特殊含义而需要特别指出的成分，如别称、简称、反语等。 示例： 电视被称作“第九艺术”。 人类学上常把古人化石尼安德特人，简称“尼人”。 有几个“慈祥”的老板把捡来的菜叶用盐浸浸就算作工友的菜肴。 4. 一层用双引号，里面一层用单引号。 示例： 他问：“老师，‘七月流火’是什么意思？ 5. 独立成段的引文如果只有一段，段首和段尾都用引号；不止一段时，每段开头仅用前引号，只在最后一段末尾用后引号。 示例：
我曾在报纸上看到这样谈幸福：“幸福是知道自己喜欢什么和不喜欢什么……幸福是知道自己擅长什么和不擅长什么……幸福是在正确的时间做出了正确的选择……” 6. 在书写带月、日的事件、节日或其他特定意义的短语（含简称）时，通常只标引其中的月和日；需要突出和强调该事件或节日本身时，也可连同事件和节日一起标引。 示例： “5·12”汶川大地震。 “五四”以来的话剧，是我国戏剧中的新形式。 纪年“五四运动”90周年。 常见错误 1. 滥用引号。词语没有特殊含义，随便加上了引号。 如：樱花飘落时，就像漫天的“雪花”在飞舞。（句中的引号应去掉）
2. 引号前后相关的标点处理错误。 如：常言说得好“无酒不成宴”，酒的选择非常关键，因为它最能调动人的激情。 （可改作：①常言说得好，“无酒不成宴”。酒的选择非常关键，因为它最能调动人的激情。②常言说得好：“无酒不成宴。”酒的选择非常关键，因为它最能调动人的激情。）
英语中标点符号的用法大全英文中符号
英语中标点符号的用法大全 １、逗号（comｍａ) ,? 英文中逗号的作用和汉语是一样的。另外,逗号还使用于用who 和wｈich的定于从句。 英文中的分号和逗号是同一符号.分号隔开并列关系的单词和短语。需要注意的是，使用了分号的短语一般最后一项内容前都是用了and或者or,此时和汉语所不同的是ａnd或or前也应该使用分号(这是最最最常犯的语法错误之一,很多英语使用者都不知道），否则有可能造成歧义．比如,猫、狗和牛应该是"caｔ,dog,and ox＂而非"cat，ｄog aｎｄox"。? 2、句号(perioｄ) ． 英文中的句号的作用和汉语一样。?英文中的简写符号和句号是同一符号，比如Ｍr。、Mｓ．、ｅtc。等等。如果句号作为简写符号使用，那么这个词语简写前后面的符号应该照常写上，因为简写号并非句号,也不遵循句号的语法。比如Ｅnｔreprise Co。，Lｔd 或者Ｉｉnviｔed Ｔom, Jerｒy, etc。.(注意两个点).? ３、冒号(colon） : 英文中的冒号的作用和汉语一样。当冒号后是引用一个人说的话，也可以使用逗号。
?４、分号(ｓemi—colｏn) ；?英文中的分号的作用和汉语一样。需要注意的是，分号和逗号有时是可以互相交替的,比如如下的情况．? Tom mｅt me, ａnd lａter he mｅt Joａｎ。 Tom meｔme; latｅｒhe met Ｊoan。?或?Ｔoｍhates cｈeeｓｅ,ｂut he lｉｋｅs bｕｔter.?Ｔｏm hateｓｃheese; he lｉke butｔer，though。 当只有两个句子相并列时，分号可以和被逗号+连结词互替。但注意第二个例子里,but的转接意是需要用其他成份补充的。? 5、引号(quoｔatioｎmark) 英文中的引号的作用和汉语一样,可用于引用和戏虐。?引号同时可以作为书名号,但只能使用于短诗歌，短故事,短电影和歌曲上.参见下文中“斜体字".在英国,引用原话应该使用单引号，而话中话应该使用双引号。自然，引用和戏虐应该使用单引号了。 在美国,情况恰恰相反。另外，在美国,如果后引号和一个标点符号在一起(括号除外），无论所引用的语句在句子中是什么成份，这个标点都应该在引号内。如: Jｏhnnｙｓaｉd，"This is A cuｐ。” Ｊonny didn'ｔmeaｎtｈｅ”cup；＂whａtｈｅｍeaｎt ｗhａt the sｉze oｆthe ｂras。 当引用一个人说的话时,引言在句子中的不同位置的标点用法和汉语一样． ?6、省略号(eｌlｉpsiｓ) .。。?英文中的省略号的作
二年级语文标点符号使用方法大全
标点符号使用方法 ● 标点符号歌： 句号（。）是个小圆点,用它表示说话完。 逗号（,）小点带尾巴,句内停顿要用它。 顿号（、）像个芝麻点,并列词语点中间。 分号（；）两点拖条尾,并列分句中间点。 冒号（：）小小两圆点,要说话儿写后边。 问号（？）好像耳朵样,表示一句问话完。 叹号（！）像个小炸弹,表示惊喜和感叹。 引号（“”）好像小蝌蚪,内放引文或对话。 话里套话分单双,里单外双要记牢。 省略号（……）六个点,表示意思还没完。 破折号（——）短横线,表示解说话题转。 书名号（《》）两头尖,书刊名称放中间。 圆括号（）方括号[ ],注解文字放里边。 学标点,并不难,多看多练才熟练。 写作常用标点符号使用方法 ●基本定义 句子前后都有停顿,并带有一定的句调,表示相对完整的意义。句子前后或中间的停顿,在口头语言中表现出来就是时间间隔,在书面语言中就用标点符号来表示。一般来说,汉语中的句子分以下几种： 陈述句：用来说明事实的句子。 祈使句：用来要求听话人做某件事情的句子。 疑问句：用来提出问题的句子。 感叹句：用来抒发某种强烈感情的句子。 复句、分句：意思上有密切联系的小句子组织在一起构成一个大句子。 这样的大句子叫复句,复句中的每个小句子叫分句。 构成句子的语言单位是词语,即词和短语（词组）。词,即最小的能独立运用的语言单位。短语,即由两个或两个以上的词按一定的语法规则组成的表达一定意义的语言单位,也叫词组。 标点符号是书面语言的有机组成部分,是书面语言不可缺少的辅助工具。它帮助人们确切地表达思想感情和理解书面语言。 ●标点符号用法说明举例
(一)句号。 1.用于陈述句的末尾。 是中华人民共和国的首都。 2.用于语气舒缓的祈使句末尾。 请您稍等一下。 (二)问号? 1.用于疑问句的末尾。 他叫什么名字? 2.用于反问句的末尾。 难道你不了解我吗? (三)感叹号！ 1.用于感叹句的末尾。 为祖国的繁荣昌盛而奋斗！ 2.用于语气强烈的祈使句末尾。 停止射击！ 3.用于语气强烈的反问句末尾。 我哪里比得上他呀！ (四)逗号, 1.句子内部主语与谓语之间如需停顿,用逗号。 我们看得见的星星,绝大多数是恒星。 2.句子内部动词与宾语之间如需停顿,用逗号。 应该看到,科学需要一个人贡献出毕生的精力。 3.句子内部状语后边如需停顿,用逗号。 对于这个城市,他并不陌生。 4.复句内各分句之间的停顿,除了有时要用分号外,都要用逗号。据说苏州园林有一百多处,我到过的不过十多处。 (五)顿号、 用于句子内部并列词语之间的停顿。 正方形是四边相等、四角均为直角的四边形。 (六)分号； 1.用于复句内部并列分句之间的停顿。 语言,人们用来抒情达意；文字,人们用来记言记事。 2.用于分行列举的各项之间。 中华人民共和国行政区域划分如下： (1)全国分为省、自治区、直辖市； (2)省、自治区分为自治州、、自治、市； (3)、自治分为乡、民族乡、镇。