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疑问词+不定式讲解及各题型练习

疑问词+不定式讲解及各题型练习
疑问词+不定式讲解及各题型练习

英语语法------疑问词+不定式

一、基本用法说明

疑问词what, which, who, when, where, how及连接副词whether与不定式连用而形成一个短语,这个短语相当于一个名词,可在句中做句子的主语、宾语或表语等。如:

1. 作主语。如:

What to do is not decided yet. 该做什么还没有确定。

How to begin is more difficult than where to stop. 如何开始比到哪里停止还困难。

2. 作宾语。如:

Do you know when to start? 你知道什么时候开始吗?

I showed her which button to press. 我告诉她应该按哪一个按钮。

有时还可用于介词后作宾语。如:

I found a book on how to avoid having a heart attack.

我找到一本书谈如何避免心脏病复发。

She was worried about how to fill her leisure time.

她为如何打发她的闲暇时间而发愁。

3. 作表语。如:

The question is how to carry out the plan. 问题是怎样执行这个计划。

The difficulty was how to cross the river. 困难在于如何过河。

二、“疑问词+不定式(短语)”是一个很有用的结构,它的作用相当于一个名词性从句,通常在某些动词(如tell, know, imagine, learn, decided, forget, remember, consider, understand等)后面做宾语,有时也用作主语、表语、同位语等。如:

He didn’t know how to answer her. 他不知道该怎样回答她。

When to start has not been decided. 何时动身尚未决定。

I don’t know who to ask advice from. 我不知道应向谁征求意见。

Would you please advise me which to buy? 你能否告诉我该买哪一个才好?

Please explain (to me) where to begin and how to do it. 请(给我)解释该从哪里开始及该怎么做。

They exchanged views on the question of whom to elect. 他们就该选谁的问题交换了意见。

注意:按英语习惯,疑问词why后面通常不接不定式。但在以why或why not 开头的省略型疑问句中,其后可跟不带to 的不定式。如:

Why get upset just because you got a bad mark? 何必因为没有考好就想不开呢?

You’re looking tired. Why not take a holiday? 你一脸倦容,怎么不休假呢?

三、五个易错点

易错一:是否用于疑问词why之后

按英语习惯,有一个疑问词不能用于“疑问词+不定式”结构,就是why。如:

我不明白为什么马上就走。

误:I don’t know why to leave at once.

正:I don’t know why we must leave at once.

why后面可以跟不带to的动词不定式(即动词原形),用以表示某动作是不必要的或无意义的。如:

Why pay more at other shops? We have the best value. 为什么花更多的钱到其他商店去买呢? 我们这里最物美价廉。

另,why后面不带to的动词不定式有时也可能是否定的,该结构主要用来提出建议。如:You’re looking tired. Why not take a holiday? 你一脸倦容,怎么不休假呢?

易错二:与动词think连用有何特别之处

“疑问词+不定式”结构,通常不用于动词think的现在式和过去式之后,但可以用于think的其他形式之后(如进行式)。如:

I’m thinking what to do next. 我在想接下来要做什么。

另外,“疑问词+不定式”结构也通常用于还有助动词的think之后。如:

She couldn’t think what to say. 她想不出该说什么。

She couldn’t think what to give the children for Christmas. 她想不出圣诞节该送孩子们什么礼物。

易错三:与动词know连用要注意什么

当要表示知道如何做某事,know之后不能直接跟动词不定式作宾语,此时可改用know how to结构。如:

我会做西班牙式的摊鸡蛋。

误:I know to make Spanish omelettes.

正:I know how to make Spanish omelettes.

易错四:与某些只接动名词作宾语的动词连用

有些动词可以接“疑问词+不定式”作宾语,但通常不直接跟不定式作宾语。这类动词主要有consider (考虑), discover (发现), discuss (讨论), explain (说明), find (out) (查到), know (知道), observe (观察), suggest (提议), wonder (怀疑), understand (了解)等。如:

Have you considered how to get there? 你是否考虑过如何到那儿去?

Our teacher explained how to use the machine. 老师向我们说明如何使用这台机器。

We discussed what to do and where we should go. 我们讨论了该怎么办及到哪里去。

你能说明一下蛋糕的做法吗?

误:Can you explain to make a cake?

正:Can you explain how to make a cake

易错五:which to do 的两种用法

要注意“which+不定式”结构,其中的which有时是疑问词。如:

I can’t decide which to choose. 我不能决定选哪个好。

Did you ask her which to buy? 你问没问她该买哪一个?

有时可能是关系代词,相当于一个省略的定语从句,此时主要用于介词后作宾语。如:

She must have time in which to grow calm. 她必须有冷静下来的时间。

Allow me one minute in which to change my costumes. 给我一点时间来卸装。

这两句中的which to…也可改为定语从句:

She must have time in which she can grow calm.

Allow me one minute in which I can change my costumes.

巩固练习

一.选择

1. Mr. Wu advised us _____to choose in this shop.

A. which

B. from which

C. what

D. how

2. The students do not know _______this math problem.

A. how to deal with

B. what to do

C. how to do with

D. what to deal with

3. Xiao Ming has explained ____ late for class to his teacher.

A. why to be

B. why he was

C. that he was

D. why be

4. Are you sure___?

A. how to work it out

B. how to work out it

C. what to work out it

D. what to work it out

5. He didn’t think ____ was easy.

A. who to choose

B. choosing a person

C. chose a person

6. He did not say ___ for help.

A. whose to ask

B. whom to ask

C. which to ask

D. what to ask

二、填空

1. ___________ is a question.

该怎样做倒是一个问题。(作主语)

2. I really don't know ____________________.

我实在不知道该写些什么.(作动词宾语)

3. We must first solve the problem of____________________.

我们必须首先解决为谁服务的问题.(作介词宾语)

4. The question is ____________________.问题是该把它放在哪儿才好.(作表语)

5. I asked him________________________.我问他如何学习英语.(作宾语补足语)

6. The teacher told the students _______________ the experiment.

老师教学生如何做实验。

7. The young woman doesn't know____________________ .

那位年轻女子不知道怎么办.

8. He tells me______________________ all the questions in English.

他告诉我怎样用英语回答所有的问题.

9. ______________ is unknown.何时动身还不知道.

10. I forgot ___________ .我忘了该怎么办.

11. I can tell you __________________ .我可以告诉你哪里可以买到此书.

Key:

1. How to do it

2. what to write about

3. whom to serve

4. where to put it

5. how to learn English

6. how to do

7. what to do 8. how to answer 9. when to start

10. what to do 11. Where to buy(get)this book

三、句子改写,改成“疑问词+不定式”结构

1. How we should do it is a question.

2. I really don't know what I should write about.

3. We must first solve the problem of whom we should serve.

4. The question is where we should put it.

5. I asked him how we should learn English.

四、用“疑问词+不定式”完成下列句子.

1. How we should do it was discussed last night.

___________________ was discussed last night.

2. I didn't know where I should go.

I didn't know ____________________ .

3. The difficulty was how we should cross the river.

The difficulty was _____________________________ .

Keys:1. How to do it 2. where to go 3. how to cross the river

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沉寂——暴露——憧憬——浓密——疲倦——发达——猜测——紧密——神秘——枯萎——干燥——抵御——咆哮——惊慌——拥戴——放肆——狞笑——沙哑——精美——舒适——顾惜——抱怨——探望——沉思——宁静——嗤笑——迅速——喧闹——遮盖——张望——渺小——恩赐——慷慨——节制——枯竭——感叹——威胁——设想——璀璨——遥望——呼唤——放弃——宝贵——神圣——浓密——体验——滋润——照管——品尝——终究——眷恋——险恶——归宿——恭敬——领悟——洋洋——清秀——纯熟——恬静——情愿——陶醉——尴尬——虚拟——郑重——伶俐——盼望——无端——伟大——允许——熟识——伶俐——盼望——朦胧——陡然——追悼——羞愧——枯瘦——悔恨——团聚——阴暗——感激——羞愧——稀(希)奇—— 呆头呆脑——别出心裁——技高一筹—— 大步流星——怒气冲冲——暴露无遗—— 心满意足——轻手轻脚——化为乌有—— 井然有序——理直气壮——风雨同舟—— 断断续续——波涛汹涌——恍然大悟—— 饱经风霜——熙熙攘攘——花色斑斓—— 顾影自怜——万水千山——威风凛凛—— 霎时间——倚——弹——复——曰——曝——三、写出下列词语的反义词。 低吟——静立——团结——羞涩——明朗——迂回——寂静——拘束——缩小——静谧——茂盛——俏丽——勤勉——得意——娇小——苍穹——孕育——赠予——欢送——摇曳——硕大——细浪——等闲——集中——沉着——崎岖——雄伟——光明——

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----It’s in your desk? A.What B.How C.Whose D. Where 5.______ season do you like best? A. What B. Which C.How D.Whose 6.---______ do you have breakfast? ---At 8 a.m. A. How B.When C. What D. Where Exercise 2 用正确的特殊疑问词填空。 1、A: _______ is the man in blue? B:He’s my father. 2、A: _______ pen is it? B:It’s mine.(我的) 3、A: _______ is the book? B:It’s under the chair. 4、A: _______ is the Chirstmas Day? B: It’s on the 25th of December. 5、A: _____ ______are the apples? B:They are 25 yuan. 6、A: _____ ______ is the bag? B:It’s blue. 7、A: _____ ______ is it today? B:It’s Sunday. 8、A:_______ is your brother? B: He’s 15 years old. 9、A:_______ do you have dinner? B: At 6 o’clock.

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B快去拿几枚钉子来!() C今年玩得真痛快。() D他是我们的头儿。() 例3:照样子写词语。(各写5个) 例:看——瞧、瞅、盯、瞟、瞥、注视 (1)走——________________________ (2)想——________________________ (3)说——________________________ 例4:用下列词的不同意思写句子 担子:___________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________

桥梁:___________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ 例5:写出下列句子中“失”的不同意思。 1、他失足掉进沟里。() 2、人们见了大惊失色。() 3、要是再不下去,你可要坐失良机了。() 4、这次竞选,他没选上,感到很失意。() 5、回来是他迷失了方向。() 6、你不能把别人的功劳到过失。() ①失掉、丢失;②找不着;③错误;④违背;⑤没有把握住;⑥没有达到目的;⑦改变(常态)。 例6:选择恰当的词语填空。

特殊疑问句讲解

英文小故事 Story 4 Look for a Friend Sam is a little fish. He lives in the sea. He is very lonely. He wants to have a friend. The friend looks like him. Sam sees an ink fish. The ink fish has eight legs. He doesn’t look like Sam. So Sam goes away. Sam meets a shark. He wants to say hello to the shark. The shark opens his big mouth. Sam runs away quickly. Sam is tired and hungry. He wants to have a rest. Then he sees a round fish. She says to him. “Hello! Would you like to be my friend?”Sam answers: “Of course! But you are sound. I am flat.” The round fish days: “But we are both fishes.” Sam thinks and says, “Y ou are right. Let’s be friends.” They become good friends. Story 5 The Hippo and I A hippo lives in the zoo. I like him very much. I often go to see him. He often thinks of me, too. Today is Sunday. It is fine day. I go to see him again. After I leave the zoo, he follows me to my house. I give him lettuce, cabbages, bananas, apples and other food. He eats them up. When I sing songs, he stays in the pool. He is as quite as a rabbit. In the evening, he jumps onto my bed with me. My mum tells him to go home. He has to pack his bag and go back to the zoo. My mum lets me see him every week. Story 6 What Animals are in the sea?故事6 海里有什么动物 There are all kinds of animals in the sea. 在海洋里有各种各样的动物。 Look! They are coming. 看!他们过来了。 This is an octopus. The octopus is spraying ink. 这时一条章鱼,章鱼在喷墨。 This is a shark. The shark has sharp teeth. 这是一条鲨鱼,鲨鱼有锐利的牙齿。 This is a whale. The whale shoots water into the air. 这是一只鲸鱼,鲸把水喷射到空中。 This is a sea turtle. The sea turtle has a hard shell. 这时一直海龟,海龟有坚硬的壳。 These are starfishes. The starfishes have five legs. 这些是海星,海星有五条腿。 These are angelfishes. The angelfishes have beautiful colors. 这些是扁蛟鱼,扁姣鱼有美丽的花纹。 This is a lobster. The lobster has strong claws. 这是一只龙虾,龙虾有强壮的爪子。 This is a jellyfish. The jellyfish has a soft body. 这是一个水母,水母有一个柔软的身体。 They are different. But all of them live in the sea. 他们各不相同,但他们都居住在海洋里。 特殊疑问句讲解 特殊疑问句 1. 定义:以特殊疑问词开头,对陈述句中的某一部分提出疑问的句子叫特殊疑问句。 2.特殊疑问词 意思用法 who 谁问人的身份,姓名等 He is LiLie Who is he ? He is my brother. Who is he ? whose 谁的问所属关系 This is her book. Whose book is this ? when 什么时候问时间 We play games in the afternoon. When do you play games? where 什么地方问地点 We play games at home on Sunday ? Where do you play games on Sunday?

英语六年级《特殊疑问词》专项练习题

特殊疑问词 单词意思用法 when 什么时间问时间who 谁问人whose 谁的问主人where 在哪里问地点which 哪一个问选择why 为什么问原因what 什么问东西what time 什么时间问时间what colour 什么颜色问颜色what about …怎么样问意见what day 星期几问星期what date 什么日期问具体日期what for 为何目的问目的how …怎么样问情况how old 多大问年龄how many 多少问数量how much 多少问价钱how about …怎么样问意见how far 多远问路程

练一练 1、A: _______ is the boy in blue? B:He’s Mike. 2、A: _______ wallet is it? B:It’s mine. 3、A: _______ is the diary? B:It’s under the chair. 4、A: _______ i s the Chirstmas Day? B: It’s on the 25th of December. 5、A: _______ are the earphones? B:They are 25 yuan 6、A: _______ is the hairdryer? B:It’s blue. 7、A: _______ is it today? B:It’s Sunday. 8、A: _______ was it yesterday? B: It was the 13th of October. 9、A: _______ this red one? B:It’s beautiful. 10、A: _______ i s it f rom here? B:It’s about two kilometre away. 11、A: Can I have some paper and some crayons? B: _______ ? A: I want to make a kite. 12、A:_______ on e is f atter, the blue one or the red one? B: The blue one. 13、A:_______ is your cousin? B: He’s 15 years old. 14、A:_______ do you have dinner? B: At 6 o’clock.

词语运用专题训练(一)(word版,有答案)

词语运用专题训练(一) 1.依次填入下列各句横线处的词语,最恰当的一组是 ①在未来中国的经济改革中合理调整利益关系,不断协调利益矛盾,科学利益群体,将在很大程度上影响中国经济增长的进程。 ②不同的人对同样的成果会有不同的评价,但是在众多的评价中,我们通常特别____该成果所属的技术领域中的行家的评价。 ③我们必须看到,当代文化的这种转向与电子传媒的兴起息息相关,但促成这种转向的实现还有更为深刻的现实动因和社会背景。 A.调整关注纵然 B.整合关心纵然 C.整合关注固然 D.调整关心固然 2.依次填入下列各句横线处的词语,最恰当的一组是 ①在市场经济快速发展的今天,企业经营_____、企业品牌、企业形象、企业信誉等无形资产,对企业的生存发展至关重要。 ②诸如“艾滋病”“非典”这样重大疾病的蔓延,将会引起社会_____,各级政府必须高度重视,严密监控。 ③近年来我国煤炭企业重大事故不断,给国家和个人造成了巨大损失,有关责任人必须对此进行_____,深刻认识问题的严重性。 A.理念震荡反省 B.观念振荡反思 C.观念振荡反省 D.理念震荡反思 3.选择下列一组词语,依次填入横线处,恰当的一项是 良好的口语交际能力是现代公民的重要。口语交际是在一定的语言中相互传递信息、分享信息的过程,是人与人之间交流和的基本手段。 A.素养情境沟通 B.修养情境勾通 C.素养环境连通 D.品质情形沟通 4.依次填入下面各句横线处的词语,最恰当的一组是 ①这一地区曾一度山洪,造成公路被毁、交通中断。 ②我国的法律明确规定,成年子女对父母有的义务。 ③商业广告不同于公益广告,其主要目的就是为了。 A.暴发抚养盈利 B.暴发赡养营利 C.爆发赡养盈利 D.爆发抚养营利 5.依次填入下列各句横线处的词语,最恰当的一组是 ①北京奥运会组委会宣布从2004年开始将先后新的会徽和吉祥物标志。 ②如果没有过人生的酸甜苦辣,又怎么能真正懂得长辈们创业的艰难呢? ③父亲虽然不是科班出身,但他在外国文学方面的造诣足以使专业人士。 A.起用体味侧目 B.起用体验刮目 C.启用体味刮目 D.启用体验侧目 6.依次填入下列各句横线处的词语,最恰当的一组是 ①随着社会的发展,教育越来越引起人们的关注。 ②分别二十多年后,同学们再相聚时,我已经很难出小学时的同桌了。 ③这里出产的绿茶久负盛名,要仔细才能领略它的妙处。 A.终身辨认品尝 B.终身辨别品评 C.终生辨别品尝 D.终生辨认品评 7. 依次填入下列各句横线处的词语,最恰当的一组是 ①第一次庭审时,原告律师向法庭所作的,揭露了三年来原告在这起家庭暴力案件中遭受虐待的真相。 ②人应当讲信用,对已经作出的允诺就决不。 ③汪曾祺先生终生主要从事创作,即使偶尔也写些评论,甚至这些评论可以归入学术论文一类,总的说来,他天生就是一个作家,很难算是一个纯粹的学者。 A.申述食言但/而 B.申述失言不过/也 C.申诉失言但/而 D.申诉食言不过/也 8.依次填入下列各句横线处的词语,最恰当的一项是 (1)政协委员们建议市政府要建立与首都地位、作用相适应的功能齐全的传染病救治中心,以从容突发公共卫生事件。 (2)大型盆景可以用来强烈的视觉感而成为室内焦点,在家具较少的客厅里,还可以成为填补空间的重要角色。 (3)像其他国家的大城市一样,这里也是高楼林立,交通拥挤。大都市的喧嚣给人以繁华之感,难免有时会让人感到烦躁。 A.应付营造即使/也 B.应对创造即使/也 C.应付创造尽管/但 D.应对营造尽管/但 9.依次填入下列各句横线处的词语,最恰当的一组是 ①只有养成了习惯,才是的、自觉的行为,道德建设才会见到实效。 ②该校在培养音乐、美术、体育特长生方面有着特点和优势。 ③在评价标准上,要看数字,不能只看数字,要防止“干部出数字”“数字出干部”的现象。 A.稳固明显/鲜明虽然/但是 B.稳固鲜明/明显既/又 C.稳定明显/鲜明虽然/但是 D.稳定鲜明/明显既/又 10.依次填入下列各句横线处的词语,最恰当的一组是 ①在建设中国特色社会主义的伟大实践中涌现出来的先进,他们是时代的先锋、国家的脊梁、群众的楷模,是弘扬伟大民族精神的。 ②“六部委”联合开展环保专项行动,要求建立各级政府负责的环保

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