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8B Unit 4 知识点梳理%26配套双基

八年级第二学期牛津英语知识点梳理及配套练习

学校：风范中学出卷教师：汪晓清

Unit 4 A New Newspaper

知识点梳理：

I 词组

1soon after 不久之后

2publish a newspaper 出版一份报纸

3hold a meeting 举行会议

4write a report about sth. for sb. 就某事写一篇报告给某人

5after school放学后

6at the next meeting 在下一次会议上

7decide to do 决定做某事

8elect sb. to be sth. 选某人做…

9the chief editor 主编

10vote for sb. 投票给某人

11take charge of 负责…

12ought (not) to = should (not) 应该

13ask for suggestions 征求建议

14class / school newspaper 班/校报

15the Reading Club 读书俱乐部

16take notes 做记录，做笔记

17different sections of the newspaper 报纸的不同栏目

18talk sth. over with sb. = discuss sth. with sb. 与某人讨论某事

19make a list of sth. 列出…的清单

20be free to sb. 对某人是免费的

21pay sb. money for sth. 为…付给某人钱

22have different ideas 意见各异

23 a bit longer (时间)久一点

24make a decision about sth. 做决定

25agree to do 同意做某事

26agree with sb. 同意某人

27agree on sth. 在…上达成一致

28conclude the meeting 结束会议

29in one week?s time = in a week 一个星期后

II. 词性转换

1.consider (v.) 考虑(in)considerate (a.) (不)体谅人的

2.publish (v.) 出版publishing (n.) 出版publisher (n.) 出版者(社)

3.edit (v.) 编辑editor (n.) 编辑

4.choi ce (n.) 入选者choose – chose – chosen (v.) 选择

5.vote (v.) 投票voter (n.) 投票人

6.elect (v.) 选举elector (n.) 选举人election (n.) 选举

7.suggest (v.) 提议suggestion (n.) 建议

8.experience (n.) 经验experienced (a.) 有经验的

9.brief (a.) 简短的briefly (ad.) 简短地

10.decide (v.) 决定decision (n.) 决定

11.conclude (v.) 结束conclusion (n.) 结论

12.responsible (a.) 有责任的 responsibility (n.) 责任

13.(dis)agree (v.) (不)同意(dis)agreement (n.) (不)同意

14.read (v.) 阅读reader (n.) 读者

III. 语言点

1. Soon after the term started, some Grade Eight students at Mayfield School wanted to publish a newspaper.

soon after 意为“不久之后，稍后”。即可作副词短语，用作时间状语；也可作连接词，引导时间状语从句。

2. They held a meeting.

句中的hold作动词，意为“举行”。此处hold可用have代替。

3. We elected Joyce to be the chief editor.

elect此处意为“选举，推选”。

elect sb. to be …意为“选举某人担任…（职务）”

也可表示为: elect sb. as …

4. Tony suggested that we should choose Joyce, because she has experience.

句中experience作不可数名词，意为“经验”。当作不可数名词时，意为“经历”。

have experience可意为be experienced。

5. Then Joyce took charge of the meeting.

句中的charge为名词，意为“任务，责任”。常见的搭配有：take charge of 和in charge of 。此处take charge of与be in charge of与be responsible for可替换。

6. She said that we ought to elect a secretary next.

ought to是个助动词，意为“应该”，与should同意。

7. She asked for suggestions.

ask sb. for ….意为“向某人寻求…”

suggestion意为“建议”，为可数名词；与advice的不同之处在于，advice为不可数名词。8. Joyce told them to talk it over among themselves..

句中talk sth. over是“详细讨论”的意思，也可用“discuss sth.”来表示。

9. Should it be free to readers, or should they pay for it?

free意为“免费的”，be free to sb.意为“对…免费”

pay for意为“付款”。

【比较】spend, cost, take, pay

(1)spend的主语通常是人，往往用于以下句型：

(sb.) spend some money/some time on sth.

(sb.) spend some money/some time(in)doing sth.

(2)take常用于“占用、花费”时间，其主语通常为形式主语it或物。句式是：

It takes/took sb.some time to do sth＝Sth.takes sb.some time.

(3) pay为“付款、赔偿”之意，主语通常是人，往往是

sb. pays some money for sth或pay sb.(some money for sth) 例如：

(4) cost的主语必须是某物。常用用法是sth.cost (sb.) some money。

10. We all had different ideas, and so Joyce said that we should think about this a bit longer.

have different ideas意为“意见各异”。

a bit意为“一点”。1）a bit不能直接修饰名词，须用a bit of。2）a bit可修饰形容词及形容

词副词的比较级，作程度状语。

11. We agreed to conclude the meeting then.

agree to do something意为“同意做某事”；

agree with意为“同意，赞成…”，后接表示人或意见观点的词；

agree on/upon/about意为“在某方面达成一致意见”。

IV. 语法

情态动词

一、主要特征。

情态动词后的动词都用原形。构成疑问句，通常把情态动词放在主语前；构成否定句，not放在情态动词之后，其缩写形式为can?t, mustn?t, needn?t, shouldn?t等。

二、主要用法。

1. 用can, could和be able to表示能力。

(1) can意为“能够”，否定形式为cannot或can?t。

如：He can speak five foreign languages.

(2) could是can的过去式。因此，对于过去的时间（如yesterday, last week等），我们不用can

或can?t，而用could和couldn?t。

如：When I was young, I could run very fast.

(3) be able to一般可以代替can，也可以表示能力。但can只有一般现在时和一般过去时(could）,

而be able to则有更多的时态形式。

如：My little brother has been able to write.

2. 用must与mustn?t, have to与don?t have to, needn?t表示义务。

(1) must用以表示“必须做某事”或“一定要做某事”，具有强制性，表示一定的责任或义务。

如：The windows are very dirty. I must clean them.

(2) mustn?t是must的否定形式，表示“禁止；绝不允许”，具有强制性。

如：Y ou mustn’t play football in the street.

(3) must没有过去时，要表达过去的含义，我们可使用had to代替must。

此外，have to侧重这种“义务”或“责任”源于某种客观情况或规定，并非说话者本人能够控制。

如：We missed the last bus, so we had to walk home.

(4) don?t have to与needn?t是“不必”的意思，没有强制性。两者意思相近，但在使用时，前

者有人称、时态的变化；后者没有人称变化，而且一般表示现在时间的含义。

如：It has just rained, so he doesn’t have to water the garde(n.)

Y ou needn’t swim in the sea. We have a swimming pool in our hotel.

(5) must用于一般疑问句中，其肯定和否定回答应引起注意。

如：Must we go now? 我们一定要走吗？

- Y es, we must. 是的，我们一定要走。

- No, we mustn’t. 不，我们不可以走。

Must I finish the work this week? 我一定要在这星期完成这项工作吗？

- Y es, you must. 是的，你一定要完成。

- No, you needn’t. 不，你不一定要完成。

从以上例子中可以看出，用must提问的一般疑问句，否定回答并不一定是mustn?t。根据实际含义和情况，我们需要正确选用mustn?t或needn?t来回答。

3. 用can, could与may表示“许可”。

(1) 在请求对方的许可，或是准许你做某事时，常用情态动词can, could和may。can最为常

用；could较为婉转，更有礼貌；may则比较正式。

如：Can I open the window? - Y es, you ca(n.) / No, you can?t.

Could I borrow a pencil, please? -Y es, certainly. / No, I?m afraid not.

May I leave early today? - Y es, you may. / No, you may not.

(2) 表示给予许可时，通常用can或may，而不用could。

如：Could I borrow a pencil? - Of course you ca(n.)

May I sit here? - No, you may not.

4. 用can, could与would表示“请求”。

当我们需要别人的帮助时，常使用can, could和would这三个情态动词进行提问，但在回答时，could和would则很少使用。

如：Can you open the window? - Y es, I ca(n.)

Could you pass me the salt, please? - Y es, certainly.

Would you help me carry my suitcase? - No, I?m afraid not.

常见的肯定回答：Of course I ca(n.) / OK. / All right.

常见的否定回答：I?m afraid I can?t / Of course not.

5. 用must和can?t表示“猜测”。

(1) must表示说话者对某事的发生或情况很有把握，意为“肯定；一定”。

如：Her flat is very near Xujiahui. It must be very noi sy.

(2) can?t表示说话者有相当的把握确定某事不会发生，意为“不可能”。

如：Y ou?ve just had lunch. Y ou can’t be hungry.

6. 用should和ought to表示“义务”和“建议”。

(1) should和ought to表示应该做某事，或做某事的动机是正确的。一般可以相互替换。

如：Y ou should / ought to put your rubbish in the bi(n.)

(2) ought to的否定形式为ought not to或oughtn?t to。构成疑问句，把ought提前至主语前。

如：Y ou ought not to watch TV for too long.

Ought we to discuss the work now?

(3) should和ought to用在疑问句中时，常用来询问他人的见解或建议。

如：Ought I to finish my homework now?

- Y es, you ought to.

(4) should和must的区别在于：前者多用于劝说他人的错误行为或给予他人一些建议，不具

备强制性；而后者意为“必须”，用于规定或约束他人的行为，具有强制性。

如：Y ou shouldn’t be cruel to animals.

Y ou mustn’t park you car here. Drive it away immediately.

(5) should和ought to常与动词think连用。

如：I think Carol should buy some new clothes.

It?s late. I think I ought to go home now.

宾语从句

一、概念。

在句中用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句可分为三类：动词的宾语从句，介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。

二、语序。

宾语从句的构成为“引导词+ 主语+ 谓语+ 其他”，其语序是陈述句语序。

三、引导词。

1. 如从句是陈述句，用连接词that引导（that在口语或非正式文体中常省略）。

如：We know (that) there are two kinds of sports.

2. 如从句是特殊提问句，用连接副词why, when, where, how或连接代词who(m), what, which

引导。

如：Do you know why I like team sports?

I don?t know how they got the ti ckets.

3. 如从句是一般疑问句，用连接词whether或if引导（口语中常用if）。if和whether 意为“是否”。

如；I don?t know whether / if they have decided on the date of the meeting.

4. 如从句是选择疑问句，多用连接词whether引导，特别是与or not连用时。

如：I don?t know whether they will come for our help or not.

四、时态。

1. 如果主句是现在的时态，从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。

如：I tell him that I moved to Beijing last year.

I have heard that he will come back next week.

2. 如果主句是过去的某种时态，那么从句的时态也要用过去的某种时态。

如：He said that there were no classes yesterday.

Tom told me that he would have a birthday party.

3. 如果宾语从句表述的是客观真理、自然现象等时，不管主句是什么时态，从句都要用一般

现在时。

如：The teacher said that light travels much faster than sound.

五、从句的简化。

1. 当主句谓语动词是find, see, watch, hear等感官动词时，从句可简化为“宾语+宾补”结构，

宾补为不带to的不定式或v-ing形式。

如：She found that the wallet lay on the ground.

-- She found the wallet lie on the ground.

I heard that the birds were singing in the tree.

-- I heard the birds singing in the tree.

2. 当主语谓语动词是wish, decide, plan, agree, hope等，且主句和从句的主语相同时，从句可

简化为不定式结构。

如：She agreed that she could help me with my Maths.

-- She agreed to help me with my Maths.

3. 在连接副词/代词引导的宾语从句中，当从句的主语和主句的主语或和间接宾语一致时，

宾语从句可简化为“连接副词/代词+不定式”的结构。

如：I haven?t decided when I will leave for Beijing.

-- I haven?t decided when to leave for Beijing.

Can you tell me how I can get to the station?

-- Can you tell me how to get to the station?

4. 在if或whether引导的宾语从句中，当主句和从句的主语相同时，从句有时也可简化为

“whether + 不定式”的结构。

如：I am not sure if I will go with you.

-- I am not sure whether to go with you.

He doesn?t know whether he will stay here or not.

-- He doesn?t know whether to stay here or not.

Test for Chapter 4

I. Choose the best answer (选择最恰当的答案，用A、B、C或D表示，填入空格内。) ( ) 1. Every time we met difficulties, we asked our teachers _______ advice.

A. about

B. for

C. of

D. with

( ) 2. The problem should be _______ carefully before they concluded the meeting.

A. talked over

B. talked to

C. talked with

D. talked about ( ) 3. The Chinese people expect that the 2010 EXPO _______ successfully in Shanghai.

A. will be taken place

B. will happen

C. will hold

D. will take place

( ) 4. The members of the group _______ me to take charge of _______ notes.

A. decided, taking

B. elected, taking

C. decided, take

D. elected, take ( ) 5. If you have tried your best, you _______ worry about anything.

A. can?t

B. needn?t to

C. needn?t

D. mustn?t

( ) 6. Who would like to make me a list _______ the activities you will do during your summer holiday?

A. with

B. of

C. for

D. among

( ) 7. Now that the newspaper is _______, why don?t we each have one copy?

A. brief

B. chief

C. paid

D. free

( ) 8. W ould you please tell us _______?

A. what you will make an arrangement tomorrow

B. that you will make an arrangement tomorrow

C. how you will make an arrangement tomorrow

D. how will you make an arrangement tomorrow

( ) 9. ________ Tom graduated from his university, he got a job as a reporter.

A. Soon after

B. Since

C. As

D. Though

( ) 10. We all agree ________ what you said. Let do as you said.

A. at

B. on

C. with

D. about

( ) 11. Y ou will have to ________ the landlady 100 dollars ________ the rent.

A. cost, on

B. spend, in

C. use, for

D. pay, for

( ) 12. There are twenty books on the shelf. Some are in English, __________ are in Chinese.

A. others

B. the others

C. other

D. another

( ) 13. The teacher told us that we ________ on a holiday next weekends.

A. go

B. went

C. will go

D. would go

( ) 14. She fell ill yesterday. She is ________ worse today.

A. very

B. little

C. ever

D. a bit

( ) 15. I _______ do the work myself. No one wants to help me..

A. have to

B. can

C. mustn?t

D. need

( ) 16. My parents decided to _________ me to Disneyland in Hong Kong. I am looking

forward to ________ with them soon.

A. take, go

B. taking, going

C. taking, go

D. take, going ( ) 17. My father often ________ newspapers at breakfast when he once lived in London..

A. sees

B. looks

C. looks at

D. reads

( ) 18. A: _________ does your brother do a haircut?

B: I?m not clear, maybe once a month.

A. How soon

B. How much

C. How often

D. How long

( ) 19. We considered the question for a long time. The underlined part means ________.

A. thought

B. solved

C. thought over

D. thought of

( ) 20. Our meeting concluded at 10 p.m.. The underlined part means ________.

A. finish

B. came to an end

C. end

D. started

II. Complete the sentences with the given words box in their proper forms（用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成下列句子）

1. They told me that they would consider the problem and let us know their ___________(decide).

2. We can make a ___________ (suggest) by asking …Why not do something? or by saying …Let?s do something.?

3. In China and some English-speaking countries, we shake our heads to show ___________. (agree)

4. I?m the __________ (nine) one from the left in the photo..

5. I t?s time for us to finish our ______________. (discuss)

6. In ___________ (briefly), he is an honest man. Y ou can trust him.

7. My holiday is full of different kinds of __________. (experience)

8. The old ___________ (edit) often gives suggestions about how to run a newspaper.

9. China Daily has a large number of __________ (read).

10. He finished all the work by ___________ (he) in a week.

III. Rewrite the sentences as required（按要求改写句子，每空格限填一词）

1. The newspaper ought to give a report on it in details. (改为否定句)

The newspaper __________ __________ to give a report on it in details.

2. The room can hold 100 people. (划线提问)

__________ __________ people can the room hold?

3. The publishing house publishes children?s books. (划线提问)

__________ __________ __________ the publish house publish?

4. All Lucy?s friends voted for her. (划线提问)

__________ __________ all Lucy?s friends vote _________ ?

5. Have you decided what events to take part in? (改为宾语从句)

Could you tell me _________ __________ __________ decided what events to take part in ?

6. We have an important meeting to attend, __________ __________? (改为反意疑问句)

7. The news he told me was exciting. (改为感叹句)

__________ __________ news he told me!

8. Y ou mustn?t throw paper here and there. (改为同义句)

Y ou __________ __________ to throw paper here and there.

__________ __________ paper here and there.

IV. Cloze T ext:

A) Choose the words or expressions and complete the passage（选择最恰当的单词或词语，

完成短文. ）

Most Americans don?t like to get advice from members of their family. when they need advi ce, they don?t usually ask people they know. 1 , many Ameri cans write letters to newspapers and magazines which 2 advi ce on many different subjects, including 3 , the use of language, health, cooking, child 4 , clothes, and 5 to buy a house or a car.

Most newspapers generally print letters from readers with problems. Along with the letters, there are answers 6 by people who are thought to know how to solve such problems. some of these writers are doctors; 7 are lawyers or educators. But two of the most famous writers of advice are women without special training for this kind of work.

( ) 1. A. Instead B. But C. Instead of D. Though

( ) 2. A. receive B. take C. get D. give

( ) 3. A. situations B. weather C. plans D. family problems ( ) 4. A. attend B. care C. nurse D. notice

( ) 5. A. how B. what C. which D. why

( ) 6. A. called B. named C. sent D. written

( ) 7. A. other B. others C. another D. the other

B) Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words（在短文的空格内填入适当的

词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给。）

The first newspapers were w___________ by hand and put up on walls in public places. The earliest daily newspaper was started in Rome in 59BC. In the 7th century, the world?s first printed newspaper was p___________. Europe didn?t have a regularly (有规律地) published newspaper u__________1690, when on was started in Germany.

the f___________ regularly published newspaper in the English language was published in London and was published once a w___________. The first daily English newspaper was the “Daily Current?. It came out in March 1702.

Today, as a group, English language newspaper have the largest circulation(发行量) in the w__________. But the largest circulation for a newspaper is the Japanese newspaper …Asahi shimbun?. It s__________ more than 11 million copies every day.

V. Writing

Write a passage of at least 60 words on the topic “W e are proud of …”.