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Emily Dickinson

Emily Dickinson
Emily Dickinson

Emily Dickinson(1830-1886)

Features of her poetry:

1.Her poetry is a clear illustration of her religious-ethical and political-social ideas.

2.By far the largest portion of Dickinson’s poetry concerns death and immortality.

3.Dickinson was original in art and famous for the economy of expression in diction and the frequent use of dashes.

4.Her poems are short and implicit in meaning. She loved to use daily short words, or phrases instead of complete sentence. Her poetry is marked by her vivid images, juxtaposed and inconsistent. She is regarded as the forerunner of modernism in American poetry.

Themes of Dickinson’s Poems

1. Death

About one third of the total collection of her poems deal with death.

Aiken: “Death, and the problem of life after death, ob sessed her. She seems to have thought of it constantly – She died all her life, she probed death daily.

Sometimes she was an outsider, observing death; sometimes she was observing her own death. 2. Love (120 poems)

Although she remained a spinster until her death, she undoubtedly experienced the sweetness and bitterness of love.

3. Nature (300 poems)

She is familiar with nature intimately and described in a minute way.

Nature is benevolent and pleasant, but also cruel and indifferent.

Romanticism, Realism and Emily Dickinson

Emily Dickinson wrote at the tail end of the Romantic period, and even though she was influenced by some of the ideals of Romanticism, is most commonly known as a writer from the Realist era. However, her writing embodies the defining characteristics that are identified with each of these periods.

The main characteristic of Romanticism that Emily Dickinson portrays in her writing is the emphases of the importance of Nature to the Romantics.

In most of her poems there is some mention or comparison to something found in Nature. The Puritans believed Nature to be the realm of the devil. By including references to Nature in many of her poems, she was rebelling against the ideals of the Puritan upbringing she had hated so much. Realists are considered to be concerned with poverty, extortion and the negative aspects of life; the harsh realities of life.

In some poems (poem 216), Emily uses words to create a metaphor for the Puritan way of life. She reveals how much they distance themselves from others and how living a Puritan way of life is much like walking on earth dead.

In many ways, she mocks the wealthy Puritans too. It was their belief to not spend their money, but rather save it. (In Poem 216, she is saying that all the money the Puritans obtain in life is spent on their tombstones since they are not allowed to enjoy their riches in this life).

Many of her poems deal with death or dying, but this is simply a metaphor to express how bleak life has come to be in the present.

Realists were also trying to push for social reform through their writing, hinting at what may happen if reforms do not take place.

Emily Dickinson views the Puritan life as a life that oppresses people from the joys it can bring.

Puritans try to live a life full of hard work and little pleasure since pleasure is a thing of the devil. She suggests that unless change occurs, people will continue to live a dead, dreary life, lacking in passion and failing to embrace life and to revel in its joys.

Emily Dickinson’s writing reflects in many ways, the qualities of the time periods she wrote in; both Romanticism and Realism.

Whitman and Dickinson(1)

1Both Whitman and Dickinson were American poets in theme and technique.

2Thematically, its expansion, its individualism and its Americanness, their poetry being part of “American Renaissance.”

3In technical terms, both added to the convention of iambic pentameter and exhibiting a freedom in form unknown before: they were pioneers in American poetry pointing to Ezra Pound and the Imagists, and to William Carlos Williams and Wallace Stevens and other traditions in modern American poetry.

Whitman and Dickinson(2)

Dickinson differs from Whitman in a variety of ways. For one thing, Whitman seems to keep his eye on society at large; Dickinson explores the inner life of the individual. Whereas Whitman is national in his outlook, Dickinson is regional. In formal terms the two poets are vastly different: Whitman’s endless, all-inclusive catalogs contrast with the concise, direct, and simple diction and syntax which characterize Dickinson’s poetry.

Walt Whitman (1819-1892)

Points of view

1.Whitman was strongly opposed to the southern side during the Civil War, favoring the democratic north. For him, slavery abused humanity. In his opinion, people should be equally treated, whether southerners or northerners, whites or blacks.

2.He is first an individualist. As an individualist, artistically, he tried to find a way to express his unique feelings about himself, the nation, and the cosmos.

3.Whitman is also a nationalist. He is very conscious of his mission as a poet, for he considers that poetry could play a vital part in the process of creating a new and better nation. He is very optimistic of the future of America.

4.Whitman is not a narrow individualist, nor a radical nationalist. The equality that he celebrates is that of all people not only in America but also in the world. He attached so much importance to the fraternity of all people and all races.

Point of V iew

1.Faith in democratic equality

2.Belief in the individual rebel against society’s restrictions

3.A figure of the average man and the superman in his conception of himself.

4.Pursuing social freedom (mind) through democracy

5.Pursuing emotional freedom (heart) through love

6.Pursuing spiritual freedom (soul) through religion

7.Declared his democratic love for man

Themes

–“Catalogue of American and European thought”

1) extols the ideal of equality of things and beings, democracy, nature, labor and creation,

openness, and freedom.

2)celebrates man’s dignity, the self-reliance spirit, the individual value and brightest future of mankind

3) praises the expansion of America

4) emphasis on brotherhood and social solidarity (unity of nations in the world)

5) Expresses his pursuit of love and happiness, his ideas about death, and beauty of death

6) attacks the slavery system and racial discrimination

Analysis of Leaves of Grass

The title:---significant

Where there is earth, where there is water, there is Grass.

Grass, the most common thing with the greatest vitality, is an image of the poet himself, a symbol of the rising American nation, and an embodiment of his ideals about democracy and freedom.

The central image is the leaf of grass, which symbolizes the vitality of life and growth, and which doesn’t discriminate soil and grow where it is.

草叶:随处生长,最富有生命力。1、象征普通人;2、象征发展中的美国;3、象征自己关于民主、自由的理想和希望。

Leaves of Grass is as vast, energetic, and natural as the American continent

Song of Myself

It expresses strongly these ideas: Confidence. Individualism .Self-reliance. Democracy.Equality. Positive attitudes towards life!

1.The selected part is the first section of “Song of Myself”. In this section W talks about the

contradictory but also harmonious relations between myself and you, his willingness to live on this soil, and the importance of nature.

2.I Celebrate myself, and sing myself,

And what I assume you shall assume,

For every atom belonging to me as good belongs to you.

“Myself” refers to an individual. To celebrate myself and to sing myself is meant to be an ode to the self. But “What I assume you shall assume” introduces a large scope of varieties (many other people). When the poet is celebrating himself, he is in fact celebrating all the people he assumes. The self and the other here are united to form a new identity: the individual as representative of American nationality. The poet is celebrating individualism and nationalism as well.

3.“I loafe and invite my soul”:

This line indicates a separation of the body and the soul, the physical and the spiritual. The union of the body and the soul will not be achieved unless the self is awakened. “Song of myself”in some way deals with this process of the union of the body and the soul.

4.A spear is a symbol of male energy. Grass is a symbol of hope and youth. Summer is the hot

season. All the three nouns put together form an energetic and hopeful image, which indicates W’s optimism and experience.

5.I harbor for good or bad, I permit to speak at every hazard,

Nature without check with original energy.I harbor at every hazard for good or bad and without check permit nature to speak with original energy. To W, nature is full of original energy that is superior to everything else. So nature should be obeyed and creeds and schools of thinkers should be silent. This sentence is a clear revelation of W’s pantheism. The mysterious ideas of nature also appear in the latter part of “ Song of Myself”.

Themes of Song of Myself

1.“Song of Myself” is the longest poem in Leaves of Grass. In this poem, individualism,

nationalism and internationalism or cosmopolitanism, the three contradicting beliefs are reasonably united.

2.“Myself” is the central image in this poem. It refers not only to the poet himself but also a

group of people who had the American national characteristics and the democratic ideals like Whitman. They were pioneers on the American continent: the ironsmiths, the carpenters, the butchers, and the waiters, etc., as listed in the poem. These people were optimistic in spirit and strong physically. They live harmoniously with other people in this world as well as with nature

Three Themes:The idea of the self; The identification of the self with other selves;

The poet’s relationship with the elements of nature and the universe.

Images &Symbols :Houses and rooms represent civilization; Perfumes signify individual selves;

The atmosphere symbolizes the universal self.

Modernism

●Argued for multiple ways of looking at the world

●Presented antiheroes, uncategorizable persons, and anti-art movements like Dada

●Challenged the idea that God played an active role in the world

●Argued no thing or person was born for a specific use; instead, people found or made

their own meaning in the world

●Rebelled against industrialized nations because of their greed and warmongering

“The Lov e Song of J. Alfred Prufrock”By T.S. Eliot(1888-1965)

Who is Prufrock? (Characterization)

Indecisive Contemplative Reflective Intelligent and well-read{Allusions to the Bible (John the Baptist), Shakespeare (Hamlet), Marvell (“To His Coy Mistress”)} Humorous Mocks himself frequently Thin Balding Insecure Lonely Fearful Foolish Self-aware

Emily Dickinson 写作特点分析

Reflection on Features of Emily Dickinson’s Poems Emily Dickson was a brilliant poet in American literature. She stayed almost all her life in the same yard except for a visit of a few weeks to Washington, D. C. and she never married. She studied at Amherst Academy, which was strongly Congregational. But she refused to observe its religious customs. She is an American poet in theme and technique. Her poems are parts of what F. O. Matthiessen terms “American Renaissance.” Here I want to talk about the subjects and features of her poems. The subject matter of Emily’s poems is mainly about death, eternity, nature, religion love, and agony. . The first one is nature. As I mentioned before, Emily preferred to live a private life, so she didn’t know what happened in the outside world and what she cared were just her inner world and her friends. She observed nature closely and described it vividly. Natural phenomena, changes of seasons, heavenly bodies, animals, birds and insects, flowers of various kinds, all these and many other subjects related to nature find their way into her poetry. Take the 204 for instant. “A slash of blue---/ a sweep of gray/ some scarlet patches on the way/ Compose an evening sky…A bank of day/ this just makes out the morning sky.”She described the beautiful scenery of the dawn and dusk in a minute way and she used the bank to separate the day and night. The second is death, which takes a large proportion in her poems. There were some important friends in her life, such as Benjamin Newton and Charles Wadsworth. They died before Emily, which made her very sad and close to the feeling of death. In 1732, “My life closed twice before its close/ in yet remain to see/ If immortality unveil/ A third event to me”, there “twice” means the death of Newton and Wadsworth who are Emily’s“tutors”. From her poems, we can find that Emily described Death vividly, just like she has died once. She even wrote the death of herself, “I heard a fly buzz…when I died”. The third one is eternity. In 449, “I died for Beauty/ but was scarce…and I---died for truth---themslef are one---/ We Bretheren, are”, she thought that the eternity was the combination of Truth and Beauty. They talked between the tombs which reflected the first principle of poems, writing with the true feeling and the beauty stems from that. Another is religion. She wrote about her doubt and belief about religious subjects. As I mentioned, Emily was born in a religious family and taught in a school with strong religious atmosphere. She still influenced by religious belief. She wrote “Jesus Permit Thy Gracious/ Name to stand/ As the First efforts of an infants hand” when she was fifteen. But she didn’t believe it. She read Bible and knew some religious knowledge because of her family. Many poems of her had used the allusion of Bible. “Faith is a

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景区讲解员工作总结

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emily dickinson 艾米丽 迪金森 简介

Emily Dickinson My favorite writer is Emily Dickinson. Like Whitman, she broke the limitations of her time. Though she left us more than 1770 poems, only several of these poems are published before she died. From her twentieth, she began to get rid of the contact with society. So we do not know much information about her, which made us feel hard to know the exact meaning of her poetry. Her style was influenced greatly by Emerson. Though she almost did not go to the outdoor, she lived a colorful spirit life. She was very important in American literature. The themes of Emily Dickinson’s poems are love, nature, doubt and faith, suffering, death and immortality. For example, she writes To Make a Prairie… and I Died for Beauty, but was Scarce. The style of her poems is terse and frequently imagistic style. That style is very modern and innovative. Dickinson explores the inside world. Her poetry is marked for her concise, direct and simple diction and syntax. Although she had normal and vivacious girlhood, her poetry illustrates the doctrine predestination and pessimism, so that her basic tone was tragic. She sees nature as both gaily benevolent and cruel. On the ethical level she emphasizes free-will and human responsibility. Like Emerson, she holds that beauty, truth and goodness are ultimately one. She says “For Beauty,” I replied—“and I--for Truth--Themselves are One— we Brethren, are,” he said-- The artistic features of her poems lie in her innovation in rhyme and her structural patterns. She used “consonance” which means similarity of final consonants. For example, in Success Is Counted Sweetest, in the second stanza, “today” and “victory” are consonance. Another rhyme she used is assonance: the final vowels correspond, but the consonants are different. Her major pattern is that of a sermon: statement or introduction of topic, elaboration and conclusion. There are three variations of this major pattern. Firstly, the poet makes her initial announcement of topic in an unfigured line. Secondly, she uses a figure for that purpose. Thirdly, she repeated her statement and its elaboration a number of times before drawing a conclusion. The characters of Emily Dickinson’s poems are as follows: first, frequent use of dashes, such as the poem I Died for Beauty, but was Scarce; second, sporadic capitalization of nouns; third, convoluted and ungrammatical phrasing; forth, off-rhymes; innovation in rhyme; fifth, compressed, broken meters; sixth, bold and unconventional and often startling metaphors, for example, “ And so, as Kinsmen met a Night— We talked between the Rooms-- Until the Moss had reached our lips— And covered up—our names--”; seventh, aphoristic wit; eighth, begin with “I”, such as “I’m nobody! Who are you”; ninth, ambiguity of meaning and syntax, this is because we do not have enough documents about Emily Dickinson; last, elliptical—she will say no more than she must, because she was influenced by the doctrine of her religion.

Emily Dickinson诗歌表现出来的女性意识

Emily Dickinson诗歌--女性意识觉醒的标志古往今来,妇女的地位一直受到男权的压迫。生活在19世纪70、80年代的美国女性被认为是男性的附庸,作为社会的个体她们并没有自己独立的思想及灵魂,而是以家庭、丈夫为中心。这不经令人想起中国古代社会要求妇女“三从四德”“三纲五常”的男权主义思想。然而,随着社会的发展,人类的思想得到解放,女性意识在全球各个国家相继萌芽。Emily Dickinson作为美国女性的代表,在诗歌中直言不讳,违背传统,表达了自己对男权社会的不满。她的诗歌在内容以及用词方面都体现出女性意识觉醒的一面。其中诗歌内容方面,这种不满的控诉主要体现在婚恋观、宗教观中。而诗歌形式主要体现在选词和诗节的运用方面。 1诗歌内容 1.1 婚恋观 Emily寻求精神自由平等,试图摆脱社会约束。在她生活的年代,若一名女子对他人有爱慕之心,她是不会直言不讳地表达出来的,因为社会传统要求她们学会控制自己的情感。她们没有表达爱的勇气,只能被动地接受。而Emily不顾世俗的看法,勇敢地倾诉自己心中的爱恋,主动去爱。在why do I love you, sir?一诗中"Why do I love" You, Sir? Because— The Wind does not require the Grass To answer—Wherefore when He pass She cannot keep Her place…表达出男人、女人都是社会构成的主体,在恋爱关系中处于平等地位。她虽为一名女子,可是同样有表达爱情的权利,因此她把行动付诸于实践。 Emily思想独立,敢于突破。在她所处的时代,婚姻中的大多数女子都是以家庭为中心,以照顾丈夫和孩子为己任,没有自己的人生追求。她在I’m a wife 中用反讽的手法将矛头直指那些安于现状,麻木满足的已婚妇女。她们逆来顺受,面对社会角色的分配没有自己独立的想法。正因为她们自己都无法意识到自己在家庭中所处的地位,因此她们就无法改变自己的命运。与其说这是一种讽刺,不如说这是一种女性的悲哀,社会的悲哀。诗人希望通过诗歌来唤醒女性同胞沉睡的自我意识。在她眼里,女性不是丈夫的一部分,而是独立的个体。在她写给Susan的信:“你见过早晨的花朵,带着露珠,依然欣然,然而就是这些美丽的鲜花,到了中午,却在骄阳下痛苦地耷拉下了脑袋。”女子如花朵,男子如骄阳。

讲解员接待服务管理办法

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1)Because I could not stop for Death Because I could not stop for Death— He kindly stopped for me— The Carriage held but just Ourselves— And Immortality. We slowly drove—He knew no haste And I had put away My labor and my leisure too, For His Civility— We passed the School, where Children strove At Recess—in the Ring We passed the Fields of Gazing Grain— We passed the Setting Sun— Or rather—He passed Us— The Dews drew quivering and chill— For only Gossamer, my Gown— My Tippet—only Tulle— We paused before a House that seemed A Swelling of the Ground— The Roof was scarcely visible— The Cornice—in the Ground— Since then—'tis Centuries—and yet Feels shorter than the Day I first surmised the Horses' Heads Were toward Eternity— 2) I felt a funeral in my brain I felt a funeral in my brain, And mourners to and fro, Kept treading, treading, till it seemed That sense was breaking through. And when they all were seated, A service like a drum Kept beating, beating, till I thought My mind was going numb. And then I heard them lift a box

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2、结合景点自然景观传播科普知识。及时有效地讲解景区线路中有关注意事项和旅游知识,随时解答游客提问,不得敷衍。 3、做到站姿标准,讲解生动,语言文明规范,仪表整洁,举止端庄。 4、接待热情耐心,微笑服务;对有残疾智障的游客主动帮助,给予特别关照。听取游客批评意见时,态度诚恳,虚心接受。 5、使用普通话接待观众,使用文明礼貌用语,说话得体,语言亲切。 6、不得迎合个别游客的低级趣味,在讲解、介绍中掺杂庸俗下流的内容。 7、不得欺骗、胁迫游客消费。不得向游客索取小费及提出其他要求。

景区讲解员的服务流程

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杂庸俗下流的内容。 7、不得欺骗、胁迫游客消费。不得向游客索取小费及提出其他要求。 接下来我给大家报告,我在工作中遇到的一些问题及其解决的办法。 到神龙水世界的第一个月,我学会办公室常用工具的基本操作。同事们忙不过来时,我很乐意帮他们复印急需的文件,或者帮来访客人泡泡茶。记得有一次,央经理急着要开会,开会用的工程设计图纸90份没复印好,她情急之下给我帮忙复印,我正在复印时不知道为什么复印机罢工了,这下可急死人了,该怎么办呢?这时央经理来拿图纸了,见我这么久没把图纸复印好,她并没有责备我办事不利,而是安慰我,不用急,其实她心里比谁都急。她说:“没复印好再复印一次就ok。”心里涌出一股暖流,想着在这样一个和谐的大家庭里成长很是庆幸,我一定要好好努力发挥自己的优势,把自己和公司的利益结合在一起,为公司创造出更多的财富。 景区没有正式开放前,有时候餐厅和客房确忙得热火朝天。领导们身体力行,他们忙碌的背影时常出现在餐厅和客房。在领导的带领下,我们也没闲着,哪里需要人手,我们就往哪里去。虽然经常累得汗流浃背,当顺利完成艰巨的工作任务时,我们都觉得很有成就感。这就是累并快乐着的含

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