Subjunctive Mood

虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)这一语法项目是各类英语考试中心测试的重点之一。虚拟

语气是一种特殊的动词形式，用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实，而是一种假设、

愿望、怀疑或推测。

Ⅰ用以表示虚拟条件的虚拟语气

⒈用if条件从句表示的虚拟条件，是虚拟条件最普通的方式。

①虚拟现在时表示与现在事实相反的假设，其if 从句的谓语形式用动词的过去式(be

一般用were)，主句用would/ should/ could/ might +动词原形，例如：If I were in your position I would marry her.

②虚拟过去时是表示与过去事实相反的假设，if 从句的谓语形式用过去完成时即had

＋过去分词，主句用would / should / could / might + have +过去分词，例如：If it had not rained so hard yesterday we could have played tennis.

③大多数的虚拟条件句属于上面三种情况的一种，但并不排除存在条件和后果中，一

个和现在情况相反，另一个和过去情况相反，例如：If you had followed what the doctor said, you would not have been so painful now.这个句子在高中出现频率颇高。

④但是，如果后果用了虚拟语气，而条件却用陈述语气，这种用法是错的。

⒉除了表示虚假条件外，if从句还可以表示对将来的推测，由于是将来还没有发生的，所以谈不上是真实的还是虚假的，只能说这个事情发生的可能性有多大。一般情况下，可以用陈述语气的if从句来表示对一个未来事实的推测，这个事实是完全可能发生的。If从句的谓语形式用一般过去式或用were to / should +动词原形，主句用would / should /could/ might +动词原形，例如：Jean doesn't want to work right away because she thinks that if she were to get a job she probably wouldn't be able to see her friends very often.（1996年1月四级第44题）

⒊有时可以把含有助动词、情态动词、be或have的虚拟条件句中的连词if 省去，而

将had , should, were 等词提到主语之前，即用倒装结构,这时候，如果出现not等否

定词，否定词需放在主语后面。这种结构在口语中很少使用，但频频出现在各类考试

中出现，例如：If it had not rained so hard yesterday we could have played

tennis.→Had it not rained so hard yesterday, we could have played tennis.

⒋大多数的虚拟条件通过上面所讲的两种方法表达，但在个别句子中也可以通过介词without和介词短语but for表达，副词otherwise等表达出来。例如：We didn't know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him.（1995年6月四级

第46题）值得注意的是，包含but for的句子，谓语动词必定要用虚拟形式，但包含without等短语的句子，谓语动词未必一定要用虚拟语气。

⒌有时虚拟条件不是明确地表达出来，而在蕴含在用but引导的从句里，于是便出现

了有谓语动词是虚拟语气的主句加上谓语动词是陈述语气的but从句构成的并列复合句，例如I would have hung you but the telephone was out of order.在这样的句子里，如果主句没有用虚拟语气，或者从句用了虚拟语气，都是错的。

Ⅱ用在宾语从句中的虚拟语气

⒈在表示愿望的动词wish后的宾语从句中，需用虚拟语气。（wish后的that 常省略），根据主句时态，从句谓语时态相应退后一位，例如：How she wished his family could go with him.

⒉在具有愿望、请求、建议、命令等主观意愿的动词(desire, demand, advice, insist, require, suggest, propose, order, recommend, decide …) 后的宾语从句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用(should) +动词原形。值得注意的是，如果宾语从句的动词是否定的，

否定词not的位置应在动词之前，而不是动词之后。例如：The head nurse insisted that the patient not be move.另外，如suggest表达“暗示”，insist表示“坚持某种说法”时，后面的从句不用虚拟语气，例如：Her pale face suggests that she is ill.或He insisted that he did not kill the boy.

除此之外，上述动词也要求用虚拟式

①在It is+上述动词的过去分词，其后所跟的主语从句中，如It is suggested that

pupils wear school uniforms.

②在上述动词相应的名词形式作主语+连系动词，其后的表语从句中，例如His suggestion was that classed be re-scheduled.

③在对上述动词相应的名词进行解释的同位语从句中，如：The workers raised the demand that their pay be increased to cope with the inflation.

⒊ would （had）rather , would sooner也用来表达主观愿望，它们之后的宾语从句中

需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用过去式表示现在或将来，用过去完成式表示与过去事实相反，例如：I would rather he went right now.

Ⅲ其他形式的虚拟语气

⒈ it is +necessary等形容词后，that主语从句中虚拟形式使用，这类形容词包括necessary, important, essential, imperative, urgent, preferable, vital, advisable等，例

如It is necessary that you listen to the teacher carefully.或者It is essential that you be able to pronounce every single word correctly.

⒉在It's (high/about) time 之后的定语从句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用过去式，例如It is high time that you went to school

⒊虚拟语气在as if / as though 引导的方式状语从句中的应用（谓语动词形式与wish 后的宾语从句基本相同）表示与现在事实相反或对现在情况有怀疑，谓语动词用过去式。例如：He felt as if he alone were responsible for what had happened. 表示过去想象中的动作或情况，谓语动词用过去完成式。

⒋在lest 引导的状语从句中，谓语动词多用虚拟语气，(should )+ 动词原形。例如：The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he injure himself.（1998年1月四级第38题）

⒌在if only 引起的感叹句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用过去式或过去完成式。例如：Look at the terrible situation I am in! if only I had followed your advice.

视野大学英语第三版第二册读写教程课后答案解析及翻译

U n i t1L a n g u a g e i n m i s s i o n Text A An impressive English lesson Ex.1 Understanding the text 1、Because he is tired of listening to his father and he is not interested in grammar rules. 2、The civilization of Greece and the glory of Roman architecture are so marvelous and remarkable that they should be described at least in a brief account; however, what the student could do was only one single utterance :“whoa!” without any any specific comment. 3、Because the schools fail to set high standards of language proficiency. They only teach a little grammar and less advanced vocabulary. And the younger teachers themselves have little knowledge of the vital structures of language. 4、Because teaching grammar is not an easy job and most of the students will easily get bored if it’s not properly dealt with. 5、He familiarized his son with different parts of speech in a sentence and discussed their specific grammatical functions including how to use adverbs to describe verbs. 6、Because the son had never heard about the various names and functions of words in an English sentence before. 7、The author uses “road map”and “car”to describe grammar and vocabulary. Here,“road map”is considered as grammar and “car”as vocabulary. 8、Since the subjunctive mood his son used is a fairly advanced grammar structure, the interjection“whoa!”reflects the tremendous pride the father had toward his son; it also reflects the author’s humor in using the word because it was once used by his student, though in two different situations and with two different feelings. Ex.3 Words in use 1.condense 2.exceed 3.deficit 4.exposure 5.asset 6.adequate https://www.wendangku.net/doc/b517775416.html,petent 8.adjusting 9.precisely 10.beneficial Ex.4 Word building -al/-ial: managerial/editorial/substance/survival/tradition/margin -cy :

高中英语语法之虚拟语气讲解

【The Subjunctive Mood】 语气 (mood)是一种动词形式，用以表示说话者的意图或态度。英语中的语气有三种：陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。 陈述语气(indicative mood),表示所说的话是事实。 祈使语气 (imperative mood),表示所说的话是请求或命令。 虚拟语气(subjunctive mood),表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望、建议或及事实相反的假设等。 一. 虚拟语气在条件句中的应用 学习虚拟语气在条件句中的用法之前我们必须清楚条件句的种类：条件句有真实条件句及非真实条件句(或称虚拟条件句)两种。真实条件句所表的假设是可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句及结果主句都用陈述语气。 如： If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, I will go for a picnic. 假若明天不下雨，我就去野餐。 Oil floats if you pour it on water. 你如把油倒在水里，油就浮起来。 虚拟条件句所表的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句及结果主句皆须用虚拟语气。

1. 及现在事实相反的虚拟条件句，条件从句的谓语用动词的过去式 (be的过去式用were), 主句的谓语用should （would, might, could）+动词原形。 如： If it were not raining, we should go for a picnic.如果现在不下雨的话，我们就出去野餐了。 （事实是：天在下雨，我们不能出去野餐。表示愿望。） If he came here, he might be able to help you. 如果他来这，他就能够帮助你了。 （事实是：他没来这，他不可能帮助你。表示对他的良好印象。） 2. 及过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，条件从句的谓语用had+过去分词，主句的谓语用should （ would, might， could）+ have ＋过去分词。 如：She would have gone to the party if she had been invited. 要是当初她被邀请的话，她就会去参加这次聚会了。 （事实是：当时没有人邀请她，因此，她没有来参加聚会。表示后悔。） If she hadn't called me, I would have overslept this morning. 今天早上，她要是不叫我的话，我就会睡过头了。 （事实是：她今天早上叫我了，我没有睡过头。表示感激。）

NSEFC-II Unit08The Fifth Period The Subjunctive Mo

Evaluation Only. Created with Aspose.Words. Copyright 2003-2015 Aspose Pty Ltd. Teaching Aims. 1. Review the learnt sentence structure in the Subjunctive Mood. 2. Sum up the cases in which we should use the Subjunctive Mood. Teaching Important Point: Understand and learn to use the Subjunctive Mood. Teaching Difficult Point: Use the correct verb-form to show the Subjunctive Mood in different cases. Teaching Methods: 1. Inductive method to learn the Subjunctive Mood in different cases. 2. Practise to learn to use the Subjunctive Mood. Teaching Aids: 1. a projector 2. the blackboard Teaching Procedures: Step I Greetings Greet the whole class as usual. Step Ⅱ Revision T: In Unit 7 and Unit 8, we've learnt some sentence structures to talk about events or situations which are not certain to happen. This is called the Subjunctive Mood. We use a special group of verb-forms to express it. Now let's do an exercise. Look at the screen. Fill in the blanks using the right form of the verb in each bracket. (Teacher shows the following on the screen.) 1. I didn't see your sister at the meeting. If she (come), she would have met my brother.

虚拟语气the subjunctive mood 考点总结(自用)

The Subjunctive Mood By Liu Na I. If 的虚拟条件句 1. 2. 错综虚拟句： 3. if 的省略倒装虚拟句：Were/ Had /Should 4. If there were not for …… → Were it not for …… If there had not been for …… → Had it not been for …… II. 半真半假：（真：时态、语态；假：虚拟） but for, without, 现/将： would/could/should/might+V.(原形) otherwise( unless otherwise stated, …… ), or ,but: would/could/ should /might have done 现/将：were / did III. would rather + clause 过去：had done 注：would rather do sth. IV. I wish were / did as if had done if only would/could/should/might+V.(原形) 注：only if 1.建议、要求、请求、命令 V. should + V.(原形) 2. It is important/necessary/natural/essential/strange/a shame/a pity/a decision …that 3. It is (high/about) time (that)+ clause (did/should V.(原形) VI. Model verb+ have done: 1. 对过去的猜测 2. 虚拟：本……

高三英语虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)：表示与事实不符的情况人教版知识精讲

高三英语虚拟语气（Subjunctive Mood）：表示与事实不符的情况 人教版 【同步教育信息】 一. 本周教学内容 虚拟语气（Subjunctive Mood）：表示与事实不符的情况 二. 重点、难点 虚拟语气是通过一些谓语动词的特殊形式表达的，虚拟语气在条件状语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、主语从句、定语从句中均有应用。本讲中打破了以往语法书的讲解规则，将虚拟语气的主要应用分为七类，便于记忆和运用。 三. 具体内容 1. wish 引导的宾语从句中的虚拟语气结构。 例句： I wish all of you could enter a good university . 我希望你们每一个人都能考上好大学。 I wish I were as young as you . 我真希望自己和你们一样年轻。 2. If或supposing 引导的条件状语从句的虚拟语气结构

注： （1）从句和主句可以根据时间选择不同的虚拟语气结构 （2）从句中的虚拟语气结构可以使用倒装，去掉if，用were , had , should 代替if。 （3）其他由as if , as though , even if , even though , if only引导的状语从句或表语从句中，都使用由if引导的从句虚拟语气结构。 例句： If you had prepared for the exam well , you wouldn’t have failed . 如果你好好复习，你就不会不及格了。 Supposing you had prepared for the exam well , you wouldn’t regret now . 如果你好好复习了，现在就不会后悔。 Were I you , I wouldn’t waste the time . 如果我是你，我就不浪费时间。 He looks as if he had known the secret. 他看上去好像知道了那个秘密。 Even if our teacher were here, she couldn’t solve the problem. 即便老师在，也解决不了这个问题。

The Subjunctive Mood(虚拟语气)

The Subjunctive Mood(虚拟语气) 1.表格用法： 从句主句 与现在事实相反①系动词用were 实意动词用did would/should/could/ might+do 与将来事实相反②系动词用were/实意动词用 did/were to do/should do would/should/could/ might+do 与过去事实相反③Had+done would/should/could/ might+have+done ①If I were you, I would go there at once. 要我是你的话，我会马上到那去。(与现在事实相反) ②If I were you, I would go there tomorrow. 要我是你的话，我明天就到那去。(与将来事实相反) ③If you had come here earlier, you would have seen our manager. 要是你早点来的话，你就会看到我们经理。(与过去事实相反) 2.混合虚拟条件句： 用法讲解：主句是什么时态，就用相应的动词用法。 从句是什么时态，就用相应的动词用法。 例句：If you had prepared for your lessons yesterday, 从句过去时态 had+done

you wouldn't have so many difficulties now. 现在时态 would+do 3.省略If的从句要倒装： 用法讲解：如果从句的谓语中有were, had done, had been, should 等词语，我们可以把这些词语提前到句首，而省略连词If。 例句1：Were I as clever as you, I would be a top student in our school.=If I were as clever as you, I would be a top student in our school. 例句2：Should it be fine tomorrow, we would go outing.=If it should be fine tomorrow, we would go outing. 例句3：Had I seen you yesterday, I would have given the letter to you.=If I had seen you yesterday, I would have given the letter to you. 4.宾语从句中的虚拟语气： A、在insist/order/command/suggest/advise/recommend/ require/request/demand/desire等动词后面的宾语从句中一般用虚拟语气，结构为主语+should+动词原形，其中should可以省略。我们把它们统称为1、2、3、4。即：一个坚持、两个命令、三个建议、四个要求。 例句1：She insisted that she should be sent to work in Tibet. 说明：insist当“坚持认为”讲时用真实语气。

虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)专项解析

虚拟语气（Subjunctive Mood）专项解析 一教学内容 虚拟语气（Subjunctive Mood）：表示与事实不符的情况 二. 重点、难点 虚拟语气是通过一些谓语动词的特殊形式表达的，虚拟语气在条件状语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、主语从句、定语从句中均有应用。本讲中打破了以往语法书的讲解规则，将虚拟语气的主要应用分为七类，便于记忆和运用。 三. 具体内容 1. wish 引导的宾语从句中的虚拟语气结构。 例句： I wish all of you could enter a good university . 我希望你们每一个人都能考上好大学。 I wish I were as young as you . 我真希望自己和你们一样年轻。 或supposing 引导的条件状语从句的虚拟语气结构 2. If

注： （1）从句和主句可以根据时间选择不同的虚拟语气结构 （2）从句中的虚拟语气结构可以使用倒装，去掉if，用were , had , sho uld代替if。 （3）其他由as if , as though , even if , even though , if only引导的状语从句或表语从句中，都使用由if引导的从句虚拟语气结构。 例句： If you had prepared for the exam well , you wouldn’t have failed . 如果你好好复习，你就不会不及格了。 Supposing you had prepared for the exam well , you wouldn’t regr et now . 如果你好好复习了，现在就不会后悔。 Were I you , I wouldn’t waste the time . 如果我是你，我就不浪费时间。 He looks as if he had known the secret. 他看上去好像知道了那个秘密。 Even if our teacher were here, she couldn’t solve the problem. 即便老师在，也解决不了这个问题。 If only I hadn’t wasted the time in high school. 要是上高中时没有荒废时间就好了。

虚拟语气Subjunctive Mood

虚拟语气Subjunctive Mood 在表示一种纯然假想的情况或主观愿望时，动词需要一种特殊形式，称为虚拟语气。 虚拟语气有两种形式: ⑴ be-型虚拟式（BE-Subjunctive） ⑵were-型虚拟式（Were-Subjunctive） BE-Subjunctive: 是以动词原形表示的，即不管主语是什么人称，动词一律用原形。 1、用于表示命令、决定、建议等词语之后的that分句中： ①decide, decree, demand, insist, move(提议)， order, advise, intend, prefer, propose, recommend, request, require, suggest, vote, etc. e.g.: Congress has decided \voted\ decreed that the present law be maintained. She demanded that I pay her immediately. The doctor insisted that he not eat meat. I advise that he go home at once. I propose that Ms Li be the chairman. He requested the Premier grant him an interview. I recommend that everyone (should)buy this dictionary. He requires that they work all night. They intended that the news (should)be suppressed(封锁). I move that we accept the proposal. She petitioned the king that her son (should) be pardoned.. She urged that he write and accept the post. ② advisable, appropriate, desirable, essential, fitting, imperative, important, impossible, necessary, obligatory, proper, vital, etc. e.g.: It is important that he work hard. It is essential that all the facts be examined first. It is necessary that he come back without delay. I thought it advisable that an armed guard stand in readiness. It was appropriate that this tax be abolished. It is imperative(要紧) that you (should)not be seen here. It is vital to her health that she take this medicine.