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2017年高考英语现在完成时考点小结

2017年高考英语现在完成时考点小结
2017年高考英语现在完成时考点小结

2017年高考英语现在完成时考点总结

一、基本结构:主语+have/has+动词的过去分词

①肯定句:主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+宾语.

②否定句:主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词)+宾语.

③一般疑问句:Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词+宾语.

④特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句(have/has+主语+过去分词(V-ed)+其他)

过去分词变化规则如下:

1 、规则动词:规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则:

(1)一般动词,在词尾直接加“ ed ”。

work---worked---worked , visit---visited---visited

(2)以“ e ”结尾的动词,只在词尾加“ d ”。

live---lived---lived

(3)以“辅音字母+ y ”结尾的动词,将 "y" 变为 "i" ,再加“ ed ”。

study---studied---studied , cry---cried---cried

(4)重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母,先双写该辅音字母,再加“ ed ”。

stop---stopped---stopped , drop---dropped--dropped

2 、不规则动词变化需参看不规则动词表逐一熟记。例如:

cut- cut- cut, hit--hit-- hit

二、用法

1 、现在完成时用来表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果。也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在,强调的是现在。

例如:Ihave already posted the photo. 我已经把照片寄走了。强调post对现在的影响“照片不在这里”。

2、现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作(用行为动词表示)或状态(be动词表示),常与for(+时间段),since(+时间点或过去时的句子)连用.谓语动词必须是延续性动词。

例如:He has lived here since 1978.自从1978年以来,他一直住在这儿。(动作起始于1978年,一直住到现在,可能还要继续住下去。)

注意:for和since的用法。

①for+时段为…时间

②since+过去一个时间点(译为:自从……以来)

③since+时段+ago

④since+从句(过去时)

⑤It is+时段+since+从句(过去时)

注:瞬间动词(buy,die,join,lose……)不能直接与for 或since 引导的时间段连用。要改变成延续性动词。变化如下:e/arrive/reach/get to-----be in

go out----be out

finish----be over

open----be open

die----be dead

buy---have

fall ill---be ill

e back---be back

put on ---be on/wear

worry---be worried

catch a cold---have a cold

三、现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用,如already(肯定), yet(否定,疑问),just, before, recently,still, lately,never等.

例如:He has already finished the work.

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