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大学英语(全新版)第四册电子教案

(全新版)第四册电子教案

Unit Four The Multicultural Society

I. Teaching objectives

Students will be able to:

1.grasp the main idea( Man changes nature in order to live.

However, man must also be careful not to disregard the law of nature.) and structure of the text ( A comparison-and-contrast analysis of the two invasions);

2.practice their critical thinking ability through in-depth

discussions in issues mentioned in the text;

3.master key language points and grammatical structures in the

text;

4.conduct a series of reading, listening , speaking and writing

activities related to the theme of the unit.

II. Text Analysis

People tend to worship things printed in black and white. Yet we would like to cultivate in our students the ability to think critically. They should understand that not everything they read is true. At the same time they need to be able to , and they should be able to, justify their disbelief.

Take Question 1 in the after-text Points for discussion for

-centeredness really phasing out ? The economic and political power still rests with the whites, not the Asian Americans, African Americans, Hispanics , or Native Americans. Has white mainstream America really given up on policing the world? The 9/11/2001 event was tragic and should not have happened, but it does show that there are groups strong opposed to what they see as the interference of America and the West in affairs beyond their borders.

Let’s look at Question 2. According to the author, Los Angeles is a symbol of the future. Yet he hadn’t anticipated the Los Angeles riots of 1992. (The essay was written before they took place.) During the riots, African Americans attacked Asian Americans, especially Korean Americans. Can the Los Angeles of 1992 stand for racial harmony?

Now Question 3. Many Westerners, idea of the non- Western world is dated. However , nowadays the non-Western world, especially Asia, is developing at a rapid pace. People here have acquired quite a strong sense of time. A good case in point: if you observe the subway patrons in Hong Kong, Tokyo or Shanghai, they walk as fast as commuters in major cities in the West.

In a word, our students must realize that there are always

II. Cultural Notes:

IV. Language Study

1.in decline/ on the decline

losing strength; declining 衰落中；衰退中

e.g. He is still one of the world's most popular tennis players,

but his game is in decline.

Home cooking seems to be on the /in decline.

现在在家做饭的人似乎越来越少了.

She seemed to be recovering after taking some medicines

but after a while her health was again in decline.

2.debt

n. 欠款；负债

e.g. He had enough money to pay off his father's debts.

He ran/ got into debt after he lost his job.

失业后他歉了不少债.

3.dropout: n. person who withdraws from conventional society

or school

逃避现实社会的人; 中途退学者

e.g. a high school/ college dropout 中学/大学辍学者

He was a loner and a dropout. 他是个不和群,逃避现实

4.characteristic

n. special mark or quality 特点，特征，特性

e.g. Genes determine the characteristics of every living thing.

5.dynamism: n. power , energy 活力; 精力

e.g. She keeps a freshness and dynamism about her while

others grow stale.

当其他人变得无精打采时,她还保持着饱满的精神和充沛的活力.

Ever since it adopted the reform and open up policy, China has shown to the outside world that it is full of dynamism.

中国自实行改革开放以来,已经向世界表明这个国家充满活力.

6.paralyze

vt. make ineffective; make (sb.) lose the ability to move part or all of the body 使失去功能；使瘫痪

e.g. He had a minor stroke in 1987, which left him partly

paralyzed.

The drug paralyzes the nerves so that there is no feeling or movement in the leg.

那种药会麻痹神经,所以腿没有感觉,也不能动.

突来的暴风雪使整个城市陷入瘫痪.

7. thesis

n. (pl theses) 论题，论点；论文, 毕业（或学位）论文

e.g. Their main thesis is that inflation is caused by increase in

the money supply.

8. precedent

n. earlier happening, decision, etc. taken as an example or rule for what comes later 先例；惯例

e.g. The trial could set an important precedent for dealing

with large numbers of similar cases.

There are several precedents for promoting people who

don’t have formal qualifications.

以前有过几起让没有受过正规教育的人升职的先例.

Some politicians fear that agreeing to the concession

would set a dangerous precedent.

有些政治家担心,做出让步会开创一个危险的先例.

9. have a/ the sense that

feel/ believe/ realize that 感到；意识到

e.g. As soon as we had the sense that something was wrong,

we moved the children away.

Although she said nothing , I had the sense that she was

尽管她没开口,但我能感到她的不快.

He had a sense that his guests were bored, though they were listening politely.

10.u nprecedented : a. without precedent; never done or know

before 无前例的; 空前的

e.g. This century has witnessed environmental destruction on

an unprecedented scale.

本世纪人们对环境的破坏史无前例.

In an unprecedented step, Walt Disney has the scene cut from the film.

华特.迪斯尼让人把那个镜头从影片中删去了,他以前从未这么做过.

11.p luralism: n. a condition of society in which numerous

distinct ethnic, religious, or cultural groups coexist within one nation 多元主义; 多元文化

e.g. After years of state control, the country is now moving

towards political /religious/cultural pluralism.

在国家集权统治了多年之后,现在这个国家正向政治/宗教/文化多元化发展.

They are committed to democracy, human rights and pluralism.

, 人权和多元化而奋斗.

12.leave behind

cause (sth.) to remain; fail or forget to bring or take 留下，遗留；未能（或忘记）带

e.g. I am afraid we'll have to leave the dog behind at home.

I arrived at the meeting to find I’d left my notes behind.

13.mentality

n. characteristic attitude of mind; way of thinking 心理状态；

思想方法

e.g. Can you understand the mentality of someone who likes

to watch animals fighting each other?

He hopes that closer links between Britain and the rest of

Europe will change the British mentality towards

foreigners.

他希望加强英国给其他欧洲国家之间的联系能改变

英国人对外国人的看法.

14.p lural : a. concerning, or made up more than one kind of,

person or thing

多元的, 多种的; 复数的

e.g. We need to recognize that we are now living in a plural society.

我们应该认识到我们现在生活在一个多元的社会里.

countries allow people to have plural citizenship.

没有几个国家允许国民拥有多重国籍.

15.c omposition : n. the way in which something is made , esp.

in terms of different parts

构成; 组成部分

e.g. There were dramatic changes in the composition of the committee after the election.

选举后委员会的构成有了重大改变.

He’s doing research into the chemical composition.

他正在研究植物的化学成分.

16.i mmigrant

n. a person who moves as a settler to another country 移民

e.g. Historically, the United States has attracted vast numbers

of immigrants from around the globe.

It was estimated that more than 11 out of every 20 New

Yorkers were immigrants or the children of immigrants.

17.l andscape: v. improve the aesthetic appearance of ( a piece of

land) by planting trees and shrubs, etc. 对(土地)作景观美化

e.g. It will take us several months to landscape the garden.

The slagheap is still an eyesore after it had been

那座矿渣堆虽已经过外观处理, 但还是不顺眼.

18.u ltra- 常与形容词结合构成新词,说明原词描述的品质超

过平常, 极度. 例如, 说某人ultra-intelligent, 表示这人极聪明; 说某人后某物ultra-modern, 表示他们时常时髦或新潮; 说某种材料ultra-light, 表示那是超轻的.

19.e xploitation: n. selfish use; use for one’s own benefit 剥削;

利用

e.g. Britain’s exploitation of its natural gas reserves began after the Second World War.

英国对天然气资源的利用始于二战后.

20.u nder-的构词能力比较强, 能与动词,名词, 过去分词结合

构成新词, 表示某物不足后做的事在数量,质量上未达到预定的要求.

e.g. 1) underestimate 低估, 看轻

2)The hospital are under-financed. 这医院资金匮乏.

3)He was an under-grown boys, thin, with a long pale

face.

他是个发育不健全的男孩,身材瘦长, 张着一张瘦长,苍白的脸.

under- 也可与表示职业, 工作的名词结合, 表示人在级别,地位上低于他人.

e.g. undergraduate 本科生; under-secretary 副部长

21.c onstructive

a. having a useful purpose; helpful 建设性的；有裨益的

e.g. Criticism is welcome only when it is constructive

criticism.

After their meeting, both sides described the talks as

frank, friendly and constructive.

22.c ooperation

n. working or acting together for a common purpose 合作；

协作

e.g. The mission of the United Nations is to maintain world

peace, develop good relations between countries, promote cooperation in solving the world's problems, and encourage respect for human rights

The European Union is an organization dedicated to economic cooperation among European nations.

23.c onception

n. idea about what sth. is like or understanding of sth.;

process in which sb. forms a plan or idea 观念，概念；构想

e.g. Their conception of love seems to be very different from

our own.

I had no conception of the finished product.

24.destructive

a. causing destruction 毁灭（性）的；破坏（性）的

e.g. Technology can be conceived as both a creative and a

destructive process.

The strong El Nino which occurred between 1982 and 1983 was the most destructive in more than a century.

I worry about the destructive effect that violent films

may have on children.

我很担心暴利影片可能对孩子产生毁灭性的影响. 25.s how up

put in an appearance; be present 出现；出席

e.g. If I don't show up for class this morning, I'll be kicked

out.

I invited him for eight o’clock, but he didn’t show up until nine-thirty.

我请他八点来,可他直到九点才出现.

We were expecting thirty people to come, but half of them never showed up.

26.offend

vt. hurt the feelings of; give offence to 伤…的情感；得罪

e.g. Richard was deeply offended that people thought he'd

He apologized for his comments and said he had no

intention of offending the professor.

I think she was a bit offended that she hadn’t been

invited to the party.

她没有收到宴会的邀请,我觉得她有些不高兴.

He looked a bit offended when you called him

middle-aged.

你把他称为中年人,他有些不快.

27.i n the ... sense

as far as ... is concerned 在…意义上

e.g. In the environmental sense, your plan to build a chemical

factory is a disaster, whatever the economic benefits may seem to be.

In the academic sense , this article is not well written.

Security defined in the board sense of the term means

getting at the root causes of trouble and helping to reduce

regional conflict.

从广义上说,安全意味着找出动乱的根本原因,减少地

区冲突.

28.m osaic: n. picture or pattern that is made by fitting together

differently colored bits of stone, etc. 镶嵌画, 镶嵌图案;

e.g. a beautiful 10th century mosaic 一幅十世纪的漂亮镶嵌

画

The country is now a cultural and social mosaic due to the influx of several different ethnic groups.

因为有来自不同民族的移民,这个国家现在成了一个文化和社会大熔炉.

29.f rom the perspective of

from the viewpoint of 从…的观点来看

e.g. From the perspective of women, the article is well worth

reading.

The novel Harry Potter is written from the perspective of a child.

His father’s death gave him a new perspective of a child.

父亲的死使他对生命有了全新的看法.

30.religion

n. 宗教信仰；宗教

e.g. Philosophy comprised all areas of speculative thought

and included the arts, science, and religion.

31.submerge

v. (cause to) go under the surface of water; cover or completely hide（使）沉没；淹没；遮盖

e, and to maneuver quietly underwater to avoid detection.

She was taken to hospital after being submerged in an icy river for 45 minutes.

她在冰冷的河中淹了45分钟,随后被送到医院

32.h armonious: a. in agreement; free from ill feeling 和谐的;

和睦的

e.g. She seems to have enjoyed a fairly harmonious

relationship with al three of her children.

The government is understandably reluctant to do

anything which might spoil the harmonious relations

between the country’s ethnic groups.

政府不愿做任何有损咯民族间和谐关系的事,这完全

可以理解.

33.h armonize : v. bring into harmony or agreement 使和谐; 使

一致

e.g. The garden has been designed to harmonize with the

natural landscape.

这座花园的设计意在使它与周围的环境融为一体.

The plan is to harmonize safety standards across all the countries involved.

这个计划是要使所有国家的安全标准一致.

比较: harmony n. 和谐; 和睦

e.g. Your suggestions are not in harmony with the aims of the project.

你的建议与这个计划的目的不一样.

We must ensure that the tourism develops in harmony with the environment.

我们必须保证旅游业的发展与环境协调.

34.e thnic

a. of a race or the races of mankind 人种的；种族的

e.g. Although America's culture is becoming more uniform,

its society remains a diverse mix of ethnic, racial, and religious groups.

Long-held ethnic tensions escalated into a violent armed conflict.

35.e ssential

a. fundamental; most important; necessary 基本的；最重要

的；必要的

e.g. Most teachers agree that play is an essential part of a

child's development.

36.c ombination

n. joining or putting together; state of being joined 联合，结合；组合

makes his articles so readable.

37.s tagnant

a. unchanging; still and stale 停滞的；静止的

e.g. Thousands of disputes between management and labor

resulted from stagnant wages coupled with inflation.

They tried to drain stagnant pools where mosquitoes breed.

The stagnant property market is making it very difficult

for many people to sell their houses.

疲软的房地产市场使大量的房屋很难出售.

Disease is a serious threat in the region because food is in

shout supply and the water is stagnant.

疾病对这个地区是个严重的威胁,因为食物短缺, 只有

一滩滩死水.

38.destiny

n. one's fate 命运

e.g. She wanted to be an artist, but destiny decreed that she

should become a doctor.

We are masters of our own destiny

The destiny of our nation depends on this vote.

我们国家的命运系于这次投票.

她觉得她的命运因她的性别而注定.

39.discourage

vt. take away the courage or confidence of 使气馁；使沮丧

e.g. Michael was so discouraged by repeated failures that he

decided to give up his project.

Many people were discouraged by the seemingly endless economic depression.

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A love marriage, however, does not necessarily result in much sharing of interests and responsibilities. A magnificent monument has been erected in Tian An Men Square in honor of the people ' s heroes. A racing car is an extraordinary feat of engineering. Accumulated en ergy un der the earth must be released in one form or ano ther, for example, an earthquake. Although he had looked through all the reference material on the subject, he still found it hard to un dersta nd this point and her explanation only added to his confusion. Ano ther team of scie ntists has come up with con flict ing evide nee. Believing the earth to be flat, many feared that Columbus could fall off the edge of the earth. But the other factor that we shouldn ' t forget is thealriek off U.S. immigration policy. Compared with wester ners, the Orie ntals use less butter. They prefer the very healthful pea nut oil. Con trary to popular belief, moderate exercise actually decreases your appetite. Corin thia n colu mn is the most highly decorated of the five classical types. Do not toss the salad until you are ready to serve. Dr. Jones emphasizes exercise in addition to a change in diet. During the process, great care has to be taken to protect the delicate silk from damage. Eati ng too much fat can con tribute to heart disease and cause high blood pressure. Every one in the party can see Ed and Roger are competi ng for Alice ' s atte nti on. Figures showed customer complaints had soared to record levels and profits were falling. Having decided to rent a flat, we set about con tact ing all the accommodati on age ncies in the city. He admits that more work needs to be done to validate the strategy, and ensure that it ' s safe. He is a mathematical genius . He is optimistic about his chances of winning a gold medal in the Olympics next year. He might let someth ing slip in a mome nt of weak ness. He told the magaz ine in an exclusive in terview: "enas miepn&bim drink. ” He was jealous of no body ' s achieveme nts. he wrote an article criticizing the Greek poet and won prestige and a scholarship. His retail bus in ess in the city expa nded rapidly betwee n the wars. I caught a glimpse of the taxi before it disappeared around the corner of the street. I chose to work abroad to improve my career prospect . I felt I couldn ' t cope with the situation and wacfeeisperate need of some reassuranee. I hate people who reveal the end of a film th at you haven ' t seen before. I have kept that portrait where I can see it every day, as it always reminds me of my university days in London. I think it ' s tiimeeIsted in a new computer. I want to buy a new tie to go with this brow n suit. I will defer to Mr. Walters on this point I wish I could put the clock back and relive my schooldays; I regret not having tried harder and passed mere exams. If you hear such a rumor, in vestigate it thoroughly. If you say anything to Jane, she ' csilikeey tovith a bitter remark. In no country other than Britain, it has been said, can one experience four seasons in the course of a single day. In the wife ' s eyes,commitment to their marriage life is far from perfect. Intensive efforts are being made to resolve the dispute. It did not take the police long time to bring out the truth. it is our consistent policy that we will achieve unity through peaceful means It is predicted that heavy rains are threate ning to flood the area in a few days. It soon developed that what she loved was not my person but my wealth.

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课内阅读参考译文及课后习题答案(Book 4) Unit 1 享受幽默—什么东西令人开怀？ 1 听了一个有趣的故事会发笑、很开心，古今中外都一样。这一现象或许同语言本身一样悠久。那么，到底是什么东西会使一个故事或笑话让人感到滑稽可笑的呢？ 2 我是第一次辨识出幽默便喜欢上它的人，因此我曾试图跟学生议论和探讨幽默。这些学生文化差异很大，有来自拉丁美洲的，也有来自中国的。我还认真地思考过一些滑稽有趣的故事。这么做完全是出于自己的喜好。 3 为什么听我讲完一个笑话后，班上有些学生会笑得前仰后合，而其他学生看上去就像刚听我读了天气预报一样呢？显然，有些人对幽默比别人更敏感。而且，我们也发现有的人很善于讲笑话，而有的人要想说一点有趣的事却要费好大的劲。我们都听人说过这样的话：“我喜欢笑话，但我讲不好，也总是记不住。”有些人比别人更有幽默感，就像有些人更具有音乐、数学之类的才能一样。一个真正风趣的人在任何场合都有笑话可讲，而且讲了一个笑话，就会从他记忆里引出一连串的笑话。一个缺乏幽默感的人不可能成为一群人中最受欢迎的人。一个真正有幽默感的人不仅受人喜爱，而且在任何聚会上也往往是人们注意的焦点。这么说是有道理的。 4 甚至有些动物也具有幽默感。我岳母从前经常来我们家，并能住上很长一段时间。通常她不喜欢狗，但却很喜欢布利茨恩—我们养过的一条拉布拉多母猎犬。而且，她们的这种喜欢是相互的。布利茨恩在很小的时候就常常戏弄外祖母，当外祖母坐在起居室里她最喜欢的那张舒适的椅子上时，布利茨恩就故意把她卧室里的一只拖鞋叼到起居室，并在外祖母刚好够不到的地方蹦来跳去，一直逗到外祖母忍不住站起来去拿那只拖鞋。外祖母从椅子上一起来，布利茨恩就迅速跳上那椅子，从它那闪亮的棕色眼睛里掠过一丝拉布拉多式的微笑，无疑是在说：“啊哈，你又上了我的当。” 5 典型的笑话或幽默故事由明显的三部分构成。第一部分是铺垫（即背景），接下来是主干部分（即故事情节），随后便是妙语（即一个出人意料或令人惊讶的结尾）。如果这个妙语含有一定的幽默成分，这个笑话便会很有趣。通常笑话都包含这三部分，而且每部分都必须交代清楚。如果讲故事或说笑话的人使用听众都熟悉的手势和语言，则有助于增强效果。 6 我们可以对幽默这种娱乐形式，进行分析，从而发现究竟是什么使一个有趣的故事或笑话令人发笑。举例来说，最常见的幽默有以下几种，包括了从最显而易见的幽默到比较微妙含蓄的幽默。 7 “滑稽剧”是最明显的幽默。它语言简单、直截了当，常常以取笑他人为乐。说笑打闹这种形式过去是、现在仍然是滑稽说笑演员和小丑的惯用技巧。它为不同年龄、不同文化背景的人们所喜爱。几乎本世纪的每个讲英语的滑稽说笑演员都曾以这样或那样的方式说过下面这则笑话。一位男士问另一位男士：“昨晚我看到的那位和你在一起的贵妇是谁？”那位男士回答道：“那可不是什么贵妇，那是我老婆。”这个笑话的幽默之处在于第二位男士说他的妻子不是一位贵妇，也就是说她不是一个高雅的女人。这个笑话并没有因为经常讲而变得不再那么好笑。由于这是一个经典笑话，观众都知道要说什么，而且因为大家对这个笑话很熟悉而更加珍爱它。 8 中国的相声是一种特殊的滑稽剧。相声中两名中国喜剧演员幽默地谈论诸如官僚主义者、家庭问题或其他一些有关个人的话题。相声随处都能听到，无论是在乡村的小舞台上，还是在北京最大的剧院里，抑或在广播、电视上。它显然是中国人家喻户晓的一种传统的幽默形式。 9 “俏皮话”不像滑稽剧那样浅显，它是因语言的误用或误解而引人发笑。我特别喜欢

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