Alloys

Alloys

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Aluminum & Aluminum Alloys

UNS Material Density

(g/cm3)UNS Material Density

(g/cm3)

A03190Al 319 2.79A92090Al 2090 -

A03191Al 319.1-A92219Al 2219 -

A03192Al 319.2-A93003Al 3003 2.73 A03330Al 333-A93004Al 3004 -

A03331Al 333.1 2.70A94043Al 4043 -

A03550Al 355 2.71A95005Al 5005 2.70 A03552Al 355.2 2.68A95050Al 5050 2.69 A03561Al 356.1 -A95052Al 5052 2.68 A03562Al 356.2 2.68A95083Al 5083 2.66 A03600Al 360-A95086Al 5086 2.65 A03800Al 380-A95154Al 5154 2.66 A03900Al 390 -A95182Al 5182-

A04432Al 443.2 -A95254Al 5254-

A05142Al 514.2 -A95257Al 5257 -

A05352Al 535.2 -A95454Al 5454 2.68 A07720Al 772.0-A95456Al 5456 2.66 A91100Al 1100 2.71 A95652Al 5652 -

A91145Al 1145 -A96061Al 6061 2.70 A92011Al 2011 2.82 A96063Al 6063 2.70 A92014Al 2014 2.80 A97039Al 7039-

A92017Al 2017 -A97050Al 7050 -

A92024Al 2024 2.77 A97075Al 7075 2.80

-Al 2024

ALCLAD --Al 7075

ALCLAD

-

A92036Al 2036 -A97178Al 7178 2.82

Copper & Copper Alloys

UNS Material Density

(g/cm3)UNS Material Density

(g/cm3)

C10100CDA 101 OFE8.89 C36500CDA 365-

C10200CDA 102 OFE8.89 C44300CDA 443 Admiralty

Brass

8.52

C10300CDA 103 8.89C46400CDA 464 Naval

Brass

8.41

C11000CDA 110 ETP8.89 C48500CDA 485 Leaded

Naval Br.

8.44

C11400CDA 114 STP8.91C51000CDA 510 Phos.

Bronze

8.86 C12200CDA 122 DHP8.94 C51900CDA 519-

C15100CDA 151-C52100CDA 521-

C17200CDA 172 8.23C61000CDA 610-

C17300CDA 173-C61300CDA 6138.50 C18200CDA 182-C61400CDA 614 Al Bronze

D

8.45 C19400CDA 194 HSM8.78C62300CDA 623-

C19500CDA 195-C62400CDA 624-

C22000CDA 220 Com.

Bronze

8.80C62500CDA 625-

C23000CDA 230 Red

Brass 8.75C63000CDA 630 Ni Al

Bronze

7.58

C26000CDA 260 Cartridge

Brass

8.53 C63200CDA 632-

C26800CDA 268 Yellow

Brass

8.47 C64200CDA 642 Al Bronze7.69 C27200CDA 272-C65100CDA 651-

C27400CDA 274-C65500CDA 655 High

Silicon

8.52

C28000CDA 280 Muntz

Metal

8.39 C67300CDA 673-

C31600CDA 316 Leaded

Bronze

8.83C67400CDA 674-

C33000CDA 330-C67500CDA 675 Mn

Bronze A

8.63 C34500CDA 345-C68700CDA 687 Al Brass8.33

Copper & Copper Alloys

UNS Material Density

(g/cm3)UNS Material Density

(g/cm3)

C35300CDA 353-C70600CDA 7068.94

C36000CDA 360 FC

Brass

8.49 C71000CDA 710 (80/20)8.94 C71500CDA 715 (70/30)8.94 C90500CDA 9058.73 C72200CDA 722-C90700CDA 907-

C75200CDA 752-C91600CDA 916-

C83600CDA 8368.80C92200CDA 9228.64 C83800CDA 838-C92700CDA 9278.80 C84400CDA 844-C93200CDA 9328.91 C84500CDA 845-C93700CDA 9378.95 C85200CDA 852-C94400CDA 944-

C85400CDA 854 Leaded

Yellow

8.45C95300CDA 953-

C85700CDA 857-C95400CDA 954 Al

Bronze 9L

7.45 C86200CDA 862-C95500CDA 9558.20

C86300CDA 863 Mn

Bronze

7.70C95800CDA 9588.80 C86400CDA 864-C96200CDA 9628.94 C87500CDA 875-C96400CDA 9648.94

C90300CDA 903 Tin

Bronze

8.80C97800CDA 9788.86

Carbon & Alloy Steels

UNS Material Density

(g/cm3)UNS Material Density

(g/cm3)

G10050C1005-G12144C12L14-

G10080C10087.85G12150C1215-

G10090C1009--C15830-

G10100C1010 Mild Steel7.87G41300C41307.85 G10150C1015 Mild Steel7.87-C4130X7.85 G10180C1018 Mild Steel7.87-C4130MOD-

G10200C1020 Mild Steel7.87G41400C41407.85 G10260C1026 Mild Steel7.87-C4140C-

G10350C1035--C4140D-

G10400C1040--C41L40-

G10420C1042--C41L50-

G10450C10457.84G41420C4142-

G10500C10507.84G41500C4150-

G10600C1060--C4330V-

G10740C1074-G43400C4340 Alloy Steel7.84 G10750C1075--C4340A-

-C1076--C4340B-

G10800C1080-G52986C52100-

G10950C1095-G86200C8620-

G11170C1117-G86300C8630-

-C11L17-G87400C8740-

G11370C1137-G93106C9310-

G11410C1141-K01200A179-

G11440C1144-K01201A192-

K01800A516 Gr 55-K02303A572 Gr 50-

-A213 -K02400A537 CL1-

K01807A214 7.86K02401A515 Gr 60-

K02100A516 Gr 607.60K02504A53 Gr A7.60

UNS Material Density

(g/cm3)UNS Material Density

(g/cm3)

K02600A367.60-A694 Gr 52-K02700A516 Gr 707.60K11820A204 Gr A-K02801A285 Gr C7.60K11856A514 Gr A-K03000A500 Gr B-K12020A204 Gr B-K03005A53 Gr B7.87K12022A302 Gr B-K03006A333 Gr 6-K12023A209 T1a-K03009A350 Lf 1-K12045A541-K03101A515 G 707.60K12521A533 Gr A-K03300A455 -K12542A202 Gr B-K02707A210 Gr A1-K12766A508 Class 2-K03501A210 Gr C-K13050A350 Lf 5-K03502A181 Gr 2-K13502A508 CL1-K03506A266 CL 2-K20747A710 Gr A-

K11430A588 Gr

A/COR-TEN B 7.60K21590A182 F22 (2 1/4

Cr, 1 Mo)

7.86

K11510A242 Type

1/COR-TEN A

7.89K24728A355 Gr A-

K11547A213 T2 -K31820HY80-

K11572A182 F11 (1 1/4

Cr, 1/2 Mo)

7.86K32018A203 Gr E-

K11597A213 T11-K32045HY100-

-A513--HY130-

K11662A514 Gr D-K41545A387 F5-

K11757A387 F127.87K42544A182 F5a (5 Cr,

1/2 Mo)

7.78 K11789A387 F11-K81340A553-

K11804A656 Gr 80--A569-

-A606-K90941A182 F9 (9 Cr, 1

Mo)

7.67 -A610-N08705HP-

-A6117.87-HP50-

UNS Material Density

(g/cm3)UNS Material Density

(g/cm3)

K91283HP 9-4-30-S50300A182 F77.78 K92890Nimark 250-S50200A387 Gr 5-

-A120--Manganese Steel-

-A283 Gr C7.60K44220300M-

-A366-

Coated, Plated or Special Conditioned Steels

UNS Material Density

(g/cm3)UNS Material Density

(g/cm3)

-Aluminized Steel --Terne Steel -

-Chrome Plated

Steel --Tin Plated

Carbon-Steel

-

-Galvanized Steel --Tin Plated Steel-

Nickel Alloys

UNS Material Density

(g/cm3)UNS Material Density

(g/cm3)

N99645Colmonoy 45-N06004Nichrome 60 8.31 N99646Colmonoy 46-N06008Nichrome 70 -

N13100IN 100 7.75-Nimonic 105-

N06003Nichrome 5 --Nichrome 3228-

Heat & Corrosion Resistant Steels (Including Stainless Steels)

UNS Material Density

(g/cm3)UNS Material Density

(g/cm3)

S1380013-8 PH Mo -S3*******LN-

S1550015-5 PH7.80S308003088.00 S1570015-7 PH Mo7.80 S3*******L -

-15B30 -S309003097.98 S1740017-4 PH7.80S30908309S8.00 S1770017-7 PH7.80 S310003107.98 K1467517-22A-S3*******S7.98 K2301517-22AS-S3*******H-

-18SR-S316003167.85 S16100CROLOY 16-1 -S3*******L7.98 S2*******L7.94-316LM7.98 S2******* -S3*******LN -

S301003017.90S31635316Ti7.98 S302003027.94S317003177.98 -302 HQ-S3*******L 7.98 S303003037.90 S3*******LM7.98 -303 (P-70) -S3*******LN7.90 S3*******Se--317LNMo7.98 S304003047.94S321003217.90 S3*******L7.94S329003297.98 S3*******H -N083303308.03 -304 .25%B-N063333338.24 -304 1%B-S347003478.03 S3*******N-S3*******-

S403004037.70-406A4-

S405004057.80S409004097.64 -406A1-S410004107.70 -406A2-S4*******S-

Heat & Corrosion Resistant Steels (Including Stainless Steels)

UNS Material Density

(g/cm3)UNS Material Density

(g/cm3)

S416004167.70S444004447.80 S4*******-S446004467.65 S420004207.70N08904904L8.00 S4*******F--904LN-

S4*******-S21460XM-14

(Tenelon)

-

S430004307.72S38100XM-15 -

S4*******Ti-S66286A-2867.90 S431004317.73S35000AM 3507.81 S4*******-S35500AM 3557.91 S430354397.64-AM 363 -

S4*******A7.70-Maraging 250 -

S4*******C7.70-Maraging 300-

S4*******--Maraging 350-

Pure Metals

UNS Material Density

(g/cm3)UNS Material Density

(g/cm3)

M02XXX Barium B10-M2XXXX Manganese7.21/7.44 L01XXX Cadmium8.65R03XXX Molybdenum10.22

R2XXXX Chromium7.19N02290Nickel8.57

R30XXX Cobalt8.85R04210Niobium8.57

W6XXXX Copper8.89P03980Palladium12.02

P00020Gold (99.95)18.88P04995Platinum21.45

R02XXX Hafnium13.10M3XXXX Silicon 2.33

L04XXX Indium-P07010Silver10.50 FXXXXX Iron7.87R05XXX Tantalum16.65

L50050Lead11.35L13008Tin7.30 MIXXXX Magnesium 1.74R07005Tungsten19.30

R08XXX Vanadium-Z15001Zinc7.13

Magnesium Alloys

UNS Material Density

(g/cm3)UNS Material Density

(g/cm3)

M10410Magnesium

AS41A -M11910Magnesium

AZ91A

-

M11311Magnesium

AZ31B 1.83M12330Magnesium

EZ33A

-

-Magnesium

WE43 -M16400Magnesium

ZK40A

-

-Magnesium

ZC71 -M16410Magnesium

ZE41A

-

Reactive & Refractory Metals

UNS Material Density

(g/cm3)UNS Material Density

(g/cm3)

-Colubium 85 -R54620Ti 6-2-2-4-

-Tantaloy "60" -R56401Ti 6-4ELI -

-Tantaloy "63" -R56260Ti 6-2-4-6-

-60/Ta-40/Co12.10R56400Ti Gr 5 (6 Al, 4

V)

4.43

R03640Molybdenum

(TZM)

10.22R52400Ti Gr 7 4.52 R30003Elgiloy8.30 R54810Ti 8-1-1-

R30035MP35N8.91-Ti Gr 9 4.52

-Ti Beta 21S-R52250Ti Gr 11 4.52

-Ti Di-Boride-R53400Ti Gr 12 4.43

R50250Ti Gr 1 4.52R52402Ti Gr 16 4.52

R50400Ti Gr 2 (cp) 4.52-Ti 15-3-3-3-

R58010Ti 3-11-13 --Ti 25MO -

R50700Ti Gr 4 --Ti Gr 444-

R54521Ti 5-2.5 --Ti Gr 450-

R56210Ti 6-2-1-1--Ti Gr 479-

-KBI 40 -R58640Beta C-Ti 4.82

-KBI 41 --HD17

Tungsten

-

-Tribocor 532 -R60705Zirconium 705 6.51

R60702Zirconium 702 6.10R60802Zircalloy II 6.56

R60704Zirconium 704 6.52R60804Zircalloy IV 6.56

Tool Steels

UNS Material Density

(g/cm3)UNS Material Density

(g/cm3)

T11302M28.16T41901S1-

T11304M4 -T41905S5-

-M35-1-T41906S6-

T11342M42-T41907S7-

T11350M50-T51620P20-

-M509-T61206L67.86 T12001T18.67T72301W1-

T20811H117.75-CPM10V -

T20812H12--AZ-

T20813H137.79-CRB-7 -

T20821H21-T20813H137.79 T30102A27.86-M73-

T30106A6--Silicon Corbide -

T30110A10--KZ-84 Carbide-

T30402D27.76-KZ-94 Carbide -

T30404 D4--Titanium Carbide -

T30407D7--Tungsten-Carbide

C-2

14.85

T31501O1--Tungsten-Carbide

6% NI

-

T31502O2--Tungsten-Carbide

8% CO

-

T31506O6--Tungsten 2% TH-

Non-Metals

UNS Material Density

(g/cm3)UNS Material Density

(g/cm3)

ABS-Hypalon?/font>-

Acetal-Kalrez?/font>-Acrylic-Kanthal A1-

AD85 Ceramic -Kanthal D-Buna-N-Kel-F-Butyl Rubber -Kynar 1.75 Ceramic-Lexan 1.20 Chlorobutyl -Neoprene 1.40 Clear Vinyl-NORYL EN-265 -CPVC-Nylatron GS -Cured Rubber -Nylon-Delrin-Nylon 66-Delrin Black -Nylon 101-EPDM-42 -Penlon-EPDM-60-Phenolic-EPDM-70.86 Plexiglass-EPDM-80-Polstyrene-Ethylene

Propylene

Teropolymer

-Polyamide-Nylon-FRP-Polycarbonate-

Graphitar 14 -Polyetheretherkeytone

(PEEK)

-Graphite 1.91Polyethylene-Crosslink -

Halar-Polyethylene-High

density

.952

Non-Metals

UNS Material Density

(g/cm3)UNS Material Density

(g/cm3)

Polyethylene-Low

density

.923Si C Ceramic-Polyethylene-UHMW-Si C Hexaloy-

Polyprophylene.905 Silicon Lump-Polyurethane-Silicon Rubber -

Polyvinylchoride

(PVC)

1.39Teflon?/font>

2.16 Porcelain CTD-Teflon?FEP 2.15 PVCCL -Teflon?GL/F -Pyrex-Teflon?PFA 2.15 Quartz-Teflon?PTFE 2.16 Roulon-Tefzel-

Rubber-Ultra High Molecular

Polyethlene

-Ryton-Viton?/font> 1.81 Viton?B-Viton?A-

Solders

UNS Material Density

(g/cm3)UNS Material Density

(g/cm3)

L50113 2.5 Sn/97 Pb/.5 Ag-L5503050 Sn/50 Pb8.89 L50750Calcium Sn Pb --60 Sn/40 Pb 8.42 L51120Lead (Chemical)--70 Sn/30 Pb-

L52605Lead with 1% Sb--92.5 Sn/7 Pb/.5 Ag-

L52901Lead with 4% Sb-P07500Silver Solder B

AG1A

-

L53105Lead with 6% Sb-P07501Silver Solder B AG3 -

L54320 5 Sn/95 Pb11.00P07720Silver Solder B AG8 -

- 3 Sn/97 Pb--Anti-Friction Babbit -

L5452010 Sn/90 Pb10.90-DZL Tin Babbit -

L5471020 Sn/80 Pb10.20-Modine-

L5482230 Sn/70 Pb Alloy C--Lead Babbit-

L5491540 Sn/60 Pb9.31-Tin Babbit -

-ZAMAK 5 --ZAMAK 3 -

retaining the nano in nanocrystalline alloys.full

DOI: 10.1126/science.1226724 , 921 (2012); 337 Science Julia R. Weertman Retaining the Nano in Nanocrystalline Alloys This copy is for your personal, non-commercial use only. clicking here.colleagues, clients, or customers by , you can order high-quality copies for your If you wish to distribute this article to others here.following the guidelines can be obtained by Permission to republish or repurpose articles or portions of articles ): September 24, 2014 https://www.wendangku.net/doc/b618891796.html, (this information is current as of The following resources related to this article are available online at https://www.wendangku.net/doc/b618891796.html,/content/337/6097/921.full.html version of this article at: including high-resolution figures, can be found in the online Updated information and services, https://www.wendangku.net/doc/b618891796.html,/content/337/6097/921.full.html#related found at: can be related to this article A list of selected additional articles on the Science Web sites https://www.wendangku.net/doc/b618891796.html,/content/337/6097/921.full.html#ref-list-1, 1 of which can be accessed free: cites 13 articles This article https://www.wendangku.net/doc/b618891796.html,/content/337/6097/921.full.html#related-urls 1 articles hosted by HighWire Press; see:cited by This article has been https://www.wendangku.net/doc/b618891796.html,/cgi/collection/mat_sci Materials Science subject collections:This article appears in the following registered trademark of AAAS. is a Science 2012 by the American Association for the Advancement of Science; all rights reserved. The title Copyright American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1200 New York Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20005. (print ISSN 0036-8075; online ISSN 1095-9203) is published weekly, except the last week in December, by the Science o n S e p t e m b e r 24, 2014 w w w .s c i e n c e m a g .o r g D o w n l o a d e d f r o m

Stellite_Alloys_司太立合金使用手册

ALLOYS HARDFACING ALLOYS

Kennametal Stellite is a global provider of solutions to wear, heat, and corrosion problems and is a world-class manufacturer of alloy-based materials and components. These consumables come in the form of rod, wire, powder, and electrode and can be custom engineered to meet individual customer needs.In addition to welding consumables, Kennametal Stellite also offers its expertise and experience in coating services in the form of HVOF (High-Velocity Oxy Fuel) coatings and weld hardfacings. In the UK and in Shanghai, hardfaced components can be manufactured complete to drawing by in-house machine shops. Industries Served Kennametal Stellite offers its proven heat, wear, and corrosion experience and customized solutions to a broad range of industries, including:? Aerospace ? Oil & Gas ? Automotive ? Power Generation ? Steel ? Timber ? Glass ? Forging ? Dental Hardfacing Alloys Table of Contents At a Glance .............................................2TIG and Oxy-Acetylene Welding ...............4MMA Weld Deposition .............................6MIG Weld Deposition, Submerged Arc Welding ..........................8PTA & Laser Weld Deposition ................10HVOF & Plasma Spray Deposition ..........14Spray and Fuse & Powder Welding . (20)

Cobalt-Base High-Temperature Alloys

DOI: 10.1126/science.1121738 , 90 (2006); 312 Science et al. J. Sato Cobalt-Base High-Temperature Alloys This copy is for your personal, non-commercial use only. clicking here.colleagues, clients, or customers by , you can order high-quality copies for your If you wish to distribute this article to others here.following the guidelines can be obtained by Permission to republish or repurpose articles or portions of articles ): May 31, 2013 https://www.wendangku.net/doc/b618891796.html, (this information is current as of The following resources related to this article are available online at https://www.wendangku.net/doc/b618891796.html,/content/312/5770/90.full.html version of this article at: including high-resolution figures, can be found in the online Updated information and services, 35 article(s) on the ISI Web of Science cited by This article has been https://www.wendangku.net/doc/b618891796.html,/cgi/collection/mat_sci Materials Science subject collections:This article appears in the following registered trademark of AAAS. is a Science 2006 by the American Association for the Advancement of Science; all rights reserved. The title Copyright American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1200 New York Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20005. (print ISSN 0036-8075; online ISSN 1095-9203) is published weekly, except the last week in December, by the Science o n M a y 31, 2013 w w w .s c i e n c e m a g .o r g D o w n l o a d e d f r o m

alloys20 Cb-3

Alloy 20 (UNS NO8020) Alloy 20特性及应用领域概述： Alloy 20相近牌号： NS143(中国) W.-Nr. 2.4660 NiCr20CuMo(德国) Alloy 20 化学成份：（GB/T14992-2005） 合金 牌号 % 镍Ni 钴 Co 铬Cr 铁 Fe 铌Nb 钽Ta 碳 C 锰 Mn 硅 Si 硫 S 磷 P 铜 Cu 铝 Al 钛 Ti Alloy 20 最小 14 6.0 最大 72 17 10.0 1.0 0.15 1.0 0.5 0.015 0.04 0.5 0.35 0.50 Alloy 20物理性能： 密度 g/cm 3 熔点 ℃ 热导率 λ/(W/m ?℃) 比热容 J/kg ?℃ 弹性模量 GPa 剪切模量 GPa 电阻率 μΩ?m 泊松比 线膨胀系数 a /10-6℃-1 8.43 1370 1430 12.85(100℃ ) 435 205 76 1.05 0.34 12.35(20~100℃ ) Alloy 20力学性能：(在20℃检测机械性能的最小值) 热处理方式 抗拉强度 σb /M P a 屈服强度 σp 0.2/M P a 延伸率 σ5 /% 布氏硬度 HBS 固溶处理 585 240 30 ≥217 Alloy 20生产执行标准： Alloy 20 金相组织结构: 该合金在1120℃处理2h ，仅有TiN 氮化物和Cr 7C 3型碳化物，在870℃经1500℃长期时效后，组织中仍然是Cr 7C 3和TiN ，说明该合金的组织是稳定的。 Alloy 20工艺性能与要求： 1、该合金具有良好的热加工性能，钢锭锻造加热温度1110℃～1140℃。 2、该合金的晶粒度平均尺寸与锻件的变形程度、终锻温度密切相关。 3、合金具有良好的焊接性能，可原电弧焊、氩弧焊、电阻焊和钎焊等各种方法连接，大型或复杂的焊接结构件在溶焊后应在870℃退火1h ，以消除焊接应力。 4、合金须在热处理之后进行机加工，由于材料的加工硬化，因此宜采用比加工低合金标准奥氏体不锈钢低的切削速度和重进刀进行加工，才能车入已冷作硬化的表层下面。 标准 棒材 锻件 板(带)材 丝材 管材 美国材料与试验协会 ASTM B166 ASTM B166 ASTM B168 ASTM B166 ASTM B167 ASTM B163 ASTM B516 ASTM B517 美国航空航天材料技术规范 AMS 5665 AMS 5665 AMS 5540 AMS 5687 AMS 5580 美国机械工程师协会 ASME SB166 ASME SB166 ASTM SB168 ASME SB166 ASME SB167 ASTM SB163 ASTM SB516 ASTM SB517

Band Anticrossing in GaInNAs Alloys

Band Anticrossing in GaInNAs Alloys W.Shan,W.Walukiewicz,and J.W.Ager III Materials Sciences Division,Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory,Berkeley,California94720 E.E.Haller Materials Sciences Division,Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, and Department of Materials Sciences and Mineral Engineering,University of California,Berkeley,California94720 J.F.Geisz,D.J.Friedman,J.M.Olson,and S.R.Kurtz National Renewable Energy Laboratory,Golden,Colorado80401 (Received18September1998) We present evidence for a strong interaction between the conduction band and a narrow resonant band formed by nitrogen states in Ga12x In x N y As12y alloys.The interaction leads to a splitting of the conduction band into two subbands and a reduction of the fundamental band gap.An anticrossing of the extended states of the conduction band of the Ga12x In x As matrix and the localized nitrogen resonant states is used to model the interaction.Optical transitions associated with the energy minima of the two subbands and the characteristic anticrossing behavior of the transitions under applied hydrostatic pressure have been unambiguously observed using photomodulation spectroscopy.The experimental results are in excellent quantitative agreement with the model.[S0031-9007(98)08364-1] PACS numbers:71.20.Nr,62.50.+p,78.20.–e Semiconductor alloys containing component elements with distinctly different properties are currently attracting signi?cant attention.In particular,intensive experimental [1–7]and theoretical[8–12]efforts have recently been di-rected towards developing an understanding of the proper-ties of group III-N-V alloys in which the group-V element is partially replaced by nitrogen.It has been found that in-corporating low concentrations of N has a profound effect on the electronic properties of these materials.A reduction of the band gap exceeding0.1eV per atomic percent of N content was observed in GaN x As12x for x,0.015[1]. This discovery has opened an interesting possibility of us-ing N containing alloys for long wavelength optoelectronic devices[13].It also raises an important question as to the mechanism responsible for this unusual behavior.Model calculations of the band structure of some of the group III-N-V alloys have shown that the reduction of the band gap is due to the highly localized nature of the perturbation intro-duced by N atoms[8–12,14].The largest contributions to the band gap reduction originate from structural relaxation and charge exchange that are,respectively,proportional to the differences in the atomic orbital size and energy of the As and N atoms[8,11]. It is well known that at very low concentrations N intro-duces a highly localized acceptorlike level in conventional III-V compound semiconductors.In GaP the level is lo-cated slightly below the conduction band minimum.Ex-trapolation of the data obtained for GaAsP alloys suggests the level is located at about0.3eV above the bottom of the conduction band in GaAs[15].This has been con?rmed by measurements of hydrostatic pressure dependent pho-toluminescence spectra that have shown an emergence of N bound excitons at a pressure of about2.3GPa[16,17]. In this Letter,we show that the incorporation of N into GaInAs alloys leads to a strong interaction between the conduction band and a narrow resonant band formed by the N states due to the highly localized nature of the perturba-tion introduced by N atoms,resulting in a splitting of the conduction band and a reduction of the fundamental band gap.This is supported by the unambiguous observations of the optical transitions associated with the two branches of the split lowest conduction band in Ga12x In x N y As12y alloy samples with different In and N concentrations and a characteristic anticrossing behavior of the two branches under hydrostatic pressure.The observed reduction of the band gap energy of Ga12x In x N y As12y alloys with small N concentration can be fully explained by this interaction. The Ga12x In x N y As12y epitaxial layers used in this work were grown on GaAs substrates by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy using dimethylhydrazine as the nitrogen https://www.wendangku.net/doc/b618891796.html,yers were grown at5m m?h and570580±C. The layer thicknesses vary from0.5to5.0m m.The nitro-gen content of the samples was determined using re?ection (004)double-crystal x-ray diffraction measurements[18]. To measure the band gap energy of the Ga12x In x-N y As12y samples under hydrostatic pressure,photomodu-lation spectroscopic measurements were carried out in either transmission or re?ection geometry at room temperature(295K).Photomodulation spectroscopy is a differential method probing the variation of the absorptivity of the samples caused by the modulation of physical parameters such as the built-in surface?eld in the system[19].The resulting spectra are characterized by features arising from direct interband transitions at high symmetry points in the band structure[19,20]. Quasimonochromatic light from a halogen tungsten lamp 0031-9007?99?82(6)?1221(4)$15.00?1999The American Physical Society1221

AlxCoCrFeNi high-entropy alloys

Journal of Alloys and Compounds 509 (2011) 1607–1614 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Alloys and Compounds j o u r n a l h o m e p a g e :w w w.e l s e v i e r.c o m /l o c a t e /j a l l c o m Electrical,magnetic,and Hall properties of Al x CoCrFeNi high-entropy alloys Yih-Farn Kao a ,Swe-Kai Chen b ,c ,?,Ting-Jie Chen a ,Po-Chou Chu a ,Jien-Wei Yeh a ,c ,Su-Jien Lin a ,c a Department of Materials Science and Engineering,National Tsing Hua University,101Kuang Fu Road Sec.2,Hsinchu 30013,Taiwan,ROC b Center for Nanotechnology,Materials Science,and Microsystems (CNMM),National Tsing Hua University,101Kuang Fu Road Sec.2,Hsinchu 30013,Taiwan,ROC c High-entropy Alloys Lab.,National Tsing Hua University,101Kuang Fu Road Sec.2,Hsinchu 30013,Taiwan,ROC a r t i c l e i n f o Article history: Received 4October 2010 Received in revised form 25October 2010Accepted 28October 2010 Available online 10 November 2010Keywords: Bulk Al x CoCrFeNi alloys Cast Homogenization Plastic deformation Melt-spinning Electrical resistivity Hall effect Carrier density Carrier mobility Magnetic property Kondo-like effect Lattice defects a b s t r a c t This investigation explores the electrical and magnetic properties of as-cast,-homogenized,and -deformed Al x CoCrFeNi (C-x ,H-x ,and D-x ,respectively)alloys at various temperatures from 4.2to 300K.Experimental results reveal that carrier density of the alloys is of 1022–23cm ?3.H-x has a carrier mobil-ity of 0.40–2.61cm 2V ?1s ?1.The residual electrical resistivity of the alloys varies from 100to 220? cm.The temperature coef?cient of resistivity (TCR)of H-2.00is small (82.5ppm/K).Therefore,defects in the lattice dominate electrical transportation.Some compositions exhibit Kondo-like behavior.At 300K,H-0.50,H-1.25,and H-2.00are ferromagnetic,while H-0.00,H-0.25,and H-0.75are paramagnetic.Al and AlNi-rich phases reduce the ferromagnetism of single FCC and single BCC H-x ,respectively.Spin glass behavior of some compositions is also observed.Alloys H-x are of the hole-like carrier type,and ferromagnetic H-x exhibits an anomalous Hall effect (AHE). ? 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. 1.Introduction The ?rst study on high-entropy alloys (HEAs)was published in 1996[1].Today,research into HEAs addresses their mechan-ical,anticorrosion,hydrogen storage [2],and thermophysical [3]properties,among others.Relevant results demonstrate that HEAs have simple microstructures in the form of a solid solution of multiple elements [4–6],a favorable capacity to form nano-scale precipitates [5,7],high thermal stability [8],superior extensive or compressive properties [9],extremely high hardness [10],excel-lent anticorrosive properties [11,12],and special thermophysical and magnetic properties [3].The crystallinity of HEAs is commonly simple,even though they are comprised more than ?ve elements.The simple crystal lattices exhibit both the individual characteris-tics of their constituents and collective characteristics.For example,they exhibit the collective mechanical and thermal properties of a solid solution,but the anticorrosion performance of its individual constituent elements.?Corresponding author at:Center for Nanotechnology,Materials Science,and Microsystems (CNMM),National Tsing Hua University,101Kuang Fu Road Sec.2,Hsinchu 30013,Taiwan,ROC.Tel.:+88635742569;fax:+88635713113. E-mail address:skchen@https://www.wendangku.net/doc/b618891796.html,.tw (S.-K.Chen).Understanding the physical properties,including electrical,magnetic,and thermal properties,of HEAs can help in understand-ing their lattice.The magnetic property of CoCrCuFeNiTi x alloys [13]has been studied.The FCC solid solutions that comprise in CoCrCuFeNi and CoCrCuFeNiTi 0.5alloys exhibit typical paramag-netism,whereas CoCrCuFeNiTi 0.8and CoCrCuFeNiTi alloys exhibit superparamagnetism,which is attributable to the embedding of nanoparticle assemblies in the amorphous phase with the addi-tion of Ti.Al x CoCrFeNi alloys have been widely studied to elucidate their microstructural and mechanical [4],anticorrosive [11],and thermally expansive [3]properties.However,their electrical and magnetic properties are still not fully understood.This investiga-tion,which extends another,[4],aims to study the electrical and magnetic properties of Al x CoCrFeNi alloys by measuring resistiv-ity,magnetization,and the Hall effect.The values of the relevant parameters obtained using these three methods will be compared with each other,to provide insight into the physical properties of Al x CoCrFeNi alloys. 2.Experimental details A total of 40–50g of Al,Co,Cr,Fe,and Ni with purities of greater than 99.5%was used to prepare Al x CoCrFeNi (0≤x ≤2)alloys using a vacuum arc-remelter.After the alloys were re-melted,they were turned over and the process was repeated at least three times to ensure that the alloys were completely mixed.As-cast alloys were 0925-8388/$–see front matter ? 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2010.10.210

Alloy Design and Properties Optimization of High-Entropy Alloys

Alloy Design and Properties Optimization of High-Entropy Alloys Y.ZHANG,1,3X.YANG,1and P.K.LIAW2 1.—High-Entropy Theory Center,State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing100083,China.2.—Department of Materials Science and Engineering,University of Tennessee,Knoxville,TN37996,USA. 3.—e-mail: yongzhangustb@https://www.wendangku.net/doc/b618891796.html, This article reviews the recent work on the high-entropy alloys(HEAs)in our group and others.HEAs usually contain?ve or more elements,and thus,the phase diagram of HEAs is often not available to be used to design the alloys.We have proposed that the parameters of d and X can be used to predict the phase formation of HEAs,namely X?1.1and d￡6.6%,which are required to form solid-solution phases.To test this criterion,alloys of TiZrNbMoV x and CoCr FeNiAlNb x were prepared.Their microstructures mainly consist of simple body- centered cubic solid solutions at low Nb contents.TiZrNbMoV x alloys possess excellent mechanical properties.Bridgman solidi?cation was also used to control the microstructure of the CoCrFeNiAl alloy,and its plasticity was improved to be about30%.To our surprise,the CoCrFeNiAl HEAs exhibit no apparent ductile-to- brittle transition even when the temperatures are lowered from298K to77K. INTRODUCTION With the fast development of the new technologies and theories for developing advanced materials,the number of constituent principal elements for metallic alloys is increased from one to three or more.For the conventional alloys,e.g.,HT-9steel and NUCu steel, they contain one dominant element(Fe),and the contents of other elements are very low,usually lower than5at.%.The intermetallic-based alloys, e.g., Fe3Al-or TiAl-based alloys,usually contain two dominant elements,and the contents of other ele-ments are very low.With more than three or four principal elements,the alloys were intuitively thought to be complex.The phase diagrams for com-plex systems are often not available.Theoretical simulation and modeling of HEAs are very challeng-ing and,thus,are lacking in the literature.As a result, most reports on HEAs were done by the traditional trial-and-error method.According to the regular solution approach,with an increasing of the number of principal elements in the system,the con?gura-tional entropy of mixing increases and reaches its maximum when the concentration of each element is equal.This feature forms the core concept of HEAs. Compared with the conventional metallic alloys based on one or two major elements,HEAs generally have?ve or more major metallic elements,and each has an atomic percentage between5%and35%.1–9 Since HEAs possess a very high con?gurational entropy of mixing,solid-solution phases can be more stable than intermetallic compounds or other com-plex-ordered phases during solidi?cation.4,5,10–12 HEAs usually possess excellent mechanical proper-ties,thermal stability,and corrosion resistance to-gether with low fabricated costs.Thus,HEAs are considered as potential candidate materials for many challenging industrial applications.7,9,13–20 However,how to design appropriate alloy compo-sitions with required properties theoretically re-mains a daunting task.So far,most of the existing HEAs are developed from trial-and-error experi-ments.Hence,establishing a reasonable phase for-mation rule for HEAs is essential to guide alloy design.In addition,the property optimization for the existing HEAs can widen their potential applica-tions.In this article,the solid-solution formation rule for multicomponent HEAs will be reviewed?rst. Then,TiZrNbMoV x and CoCrFeNiAlNb x alloys are prepared to verify the theory.The properties of the HEAs are optimized by compositions adjustment and Bridgman-solidi?cation technique.In the end,the mechanical properties of body-centered cubic(bcc) AlCoCrFeNi HEA at298K and77K are presented. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES Alloy ingots were prepared by arc melting the mixture of high-purity metals with the purity better JOM,Vol.64,No.7,2012 DOI:10.1007/s11837-012-0366-5 ó2012TMS 830(Published online July10,2012)