专升本专项一 语法答案版2010
专项训练一语法
一非谓语动词
非谓语动词指分词、不定式和动名词。它们在句中不能单独作谓语，不受主语人称和数的限制，可充当除谓语外的各种句子成分。在各类考试中，非谓语动词为语法测试的重中之重。
第一节分词
英语中分词包括现在分词和过去分词，其基本形态为v-ing和v-ed。现在分词与过去分词的区别主要表现在语态和时间概念上。在语态上，现在分词（除被动式外）表示主动含义，过去分词表示被动含义。在时间上，现在分词表示动作正在进行。过去分词表示动作已完成。例如：developing countries (发展中国家)/developed countries (发达国家)，the touching tale(动人的传说) the touched audience(受感动的观众)。
1现在分词
现在分词可在句中作定语及状语。
讲解要点
（1）作定语
1．现在分词作定语时多置于它所修饰的名词前。例如： a pressing question （一个紧迫的问题），an embarrassing question （一个令人难堪的问题）
②现在分词作定语时也可置于它所修饰的名词之后。例如：There were no soldiers drilling.（没有士兵在训练。）
③现在分词短语一般都置于它所修饰的名词之后。例如：a little child learning to walk （学走路的小孩子）
（2）作状语
讲解要点
现在分词及其短语也可作状语，表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。其动作可能发生在谓语动词之前或之后，也可能与谓语动词的动作同时发生。
1．表示时间。例如：
Walking on the street, I met an old classmate of mine.
强调与谓语动词的动作同时发生时，现在分词之前可用连词when或while。
例如：When seeing those pictures, he couldn’t help thinking of his childhood.
②表示原因。例如：
Being sick, I stayed at home.
She caught cold sitting on the grass.
③表示条件。例如：
Adopting this method, we will solve this problem.
Turning to the right, you will see the post office.
④表示让步。例如：
Admitting what she has said, I still think she hasn’t tried her best.
⑤表示结果。例如：
His wife died last year, leaving him three children.
It rained heavily, causing severe flooding in that country.
⑥表示方式或伴随情况。例如：
He ran up to her breathing heavily.
Please fill in the form, giving your name, address, etc.
例题
1) While the sun, the satellite has sent more than four billion bits of information back to earth. (CET 4:1994.1)
A. having orbited
B. being orbited
C. having been orbited
D. orbiting
选D。现在分词短语作时间状语。同时应该考虑语态问题。
2) the earth to be flat, many feared that Columbus would fall off the edge of the earth. (CET4:1996.6)
A. Having believed
B. Believing
C. Believed
D. Being believed
选B。现在分词短语作状语表示原因。同时应该考虑语态问题。
3) Television has become a major instrument of communication, us to see as well as to hear all kinds of programs.
A. to permit
B. permitted
C. being permitting
D. permitting
选D。现在分词作条件状语。同时应该考虑语态问题。
4) Electrical resistance is a common property of all materials, .
A. only differs in degree
B. only in degree it differs
C. differing only in degree
D. and differing in degree only
选C。现在分词短语作让步状语。由于主句与分句之间用逗号隔开，应该判断这是一个句子，答案不应该是A或B，因为它们有另外一个谓语动词。
5) Some people are strolling along the lake side, ______.
A. chatting and to laugh
B. to chat and to laugh
C. chatting and laughing
D. chatting and laughed
选C。现在分词在句中做伴随状语。此外，还应该考虑连词前后的平衡结构表达法的问题。
2过去分词
过去分词可在句中作定语及状语。
（1）作定语
讲解要点
过去分词可在句中作定语。如果是单词作定语时常置于它所修饰的名词前；如果是短语作定语时常置于它所修饰的词后。
例如：
Did you pay a visit to the tomb of the unknown soldier?
The problems discussed at the conference need to be solved immediately.
（2）作状语
讲解要点
过去分词及其短语也可作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。
①表示时间。例如：
Heated, the metals expand.
Seen from the hill, the city looks magnificent.
②表示原因。例如：
Confined to bed, she needed to be waited on in everything.
Born and bred in the countryside, he was bewildered by the big city.
③表示条件。例如：
Compared with him, I still have a long way to go.
Given more time, I’ll do it better.
④表示让步。例如：
Considered as a building material, wood is not very strong.
⑤表示方式或伴随。例如：
He went back to his home village, frustrated.
例题
1) Michael used to look hurt and surprised when . (CET 4:1995.1)
A. scolding
B. to scold
C. having scolded
D. scolded
选D。过去分词用在时间状语从句中，因含有被动之意，故选D。
2) The speaker, for her splendid speeches, was warmly received by the audience. (CET 4:1991.6)
A. having known
B. being known
C. knowing
D. known
选D。过去分词短语用作原因状语，因含有被动之意，故选D。
3) That the brain, once oxygen, dies has been proved.
A. depriving of
B. deprived of
C. being deprived
D. deprived
选B。过去分词短语用在条件状语从句中，因含有被动之意，故选B。C、D之后少了of。
4) in ancient times, the book still appeals to readers today.
A. Though it written
B. Though written
C. It was written
D. Written it was
选B。过去分词用在让步状语中，意思是“虽然……但是……”。Though written=Though it was written。其他选项的形式都不符合语法规则。
5) into the hospital, she was asked a few questions by the doctor.
A. Being wheeled
B. Having wheeled
C. Having wheeling
D. Wheeling
选A。过去分词用作方式或伴随状语。因含有被动之意，故选A。
3分词独立结构
讲解要点
（1）分词独立结构在句中作状语。
当分词短语作状语时，它逻辑上的主语一般须与句子的主语保持一致。如果不一致，分词短语前需带其逻辑主语（名词或代词），构成分词独立结构。它作用同分词短语作状语基本相同，表示伴随的动作或情况，表示时间、原因或条件等。在分词独立结构中，逻辑主语与现在分词为主动关系，与过去分词为被动关系，两者已形成完整概念。因此，不必像分词短语作状语时那样考虑和句子主语的逻辑关系。
例句
1) He remained in the hospital for three months, the company paying all his expenses.
他在医院住了三个月，所有费用都由公司负担。（补充说明）
2) The child rushed into the room, his face covered with sweat.
这孩子满脸是汗地跑进屋来。（伴随情况）
3) The students having done all the exercises, the teacher went on to explain the text.
等学生做完所有练习后，老师开始讲解课文。（完成式独立结构表示时间）
4) So many people being absent, we decided to put the meeting off.
这么多人缺席，我们决定会议延期举行。（原因）
5)All things considered, his article is of greater value than yours.
从各方面考虑，他的文章比你的更有价值。（条件）
（2）独立主格结构有时也可以用with或without引导。
当with引起分词独立结构时，with本身只起引导作用，表示某种状态。分词则根据引出的名词或代词进行选择。用法与普通分词独立结构相同，不过很少出现分词的完成式。with带不定式复合结构，一般用于表示将来的概念。
例句
1) With her taking care of him, you have nothing to worry about.
2) With all factors considered, this plan may be better than all others.
3) With five minutes to go before the train left, we arrived at the station.
例题
1）Silver is the best conductor of electricity, copper it closely.
(CET 4:1989.1)
A. followed
B. following
C. to follow
D. being followed
选B。该选择为现在分词做独立主格结构，主动语态，表示伴随。
2) All flights because of the snowstorm, many passengers could do nothing but take the train. (CET4: 1999.1)
A. had been canceled
B. have been canceled
C. were canceled
D. having been canceled
选D。该选择为现在分词做独立主格结构, 表示原因。
3) All things , the planned trip will have to be called off. (CET4: 1998.6)
A. considered
B. be considered
C. considering
D. having considered
选A。该选择为过去分词做独立主格结构, 表示条件。
4) The decision , what we should do now is to carry it out.
A. been made
B. has been made
C. having been made
D. having been making
选C。该选择为现在分词被动式做独立主格结构，表示时间。
5) Maggie ran back to the kitchen, eggs carefully in her hands.
A. to be held
B. held
C. were held
D. holding
选B。该选择为过去分词做独立主格结构, 表示伴随。
4 分词用作宾语补语的用法
讲解要点
现在分词多在下列两类动词之后作宾补：
①感觉动词：see, hear, watch, observe, notice, feel, find, glance等，以及look at, listen to等短语动词。
②使役动词：have, get, catch, leave, keep, start, send等。
例句
1) Suddenly he heard someone knocking gently on the window.
2) Once I caught him dozing off in class.
过去分词作宾补常跟在下列动词之后：
hear, see, ask, wish, like, serve ,expect, want, make, watch, consider, keep ,get ,order。例题
1) His remarks left me about his real purpose.
A. wondered
B. wonder
C. to wonder
D. wondering
选D。使役动词leave要求现在分词wondering作其宾补，wondering与宾语me 形成主谓关系。
2) When I caught him I stopped buying things there and started dealing with another shop.
A. cheating
B. cheat
C. to cheat
D. to be cheating
选A。使役动词catch要求现在分词cheating作其宾补，cheating与宾语him为主谓关系。
3) Don’t get your schedule ; stay with us in this class.
A. to change
B. changing
C. changed
D. change
选C。使役动词get在本句中要求过去分词changed作其宾补，changed与宾语schedule是动宾关系。
4) In the United States, the Chinese make their influence in science.
A. feeling
B. felt
C. feel
D. to be felt
选B。使役动词make在本句中要求过去分词felt作其宾补，felt与宾influence 为动宾关系。
5) He promised to keep me well of how our business was going on.
A. to be informed
B. on informing
C. informing
D. informed
选D。使役动词keep在句中要求过去分词informed作其宾补，informed与宾语me为动宾关系。
第二节不定式
不定式是指to + 动词原形(使用中有时不带to)，不定式在句中可以作主语及主补，也可以给很多动词作宾语及宾补；不定式在句中还可以起形容词或副词的作用，可以作定语和状语。
1 不定式作主语及主语补语
讲解要点
（1）不定式可作主语，但常用it作形式主语，将不定式移至后面。例如：To be a good nurse requires patience and devotion.
It is easy to be wise after the event.
（2）不定式可作主语补语。例如：
The surest road to success is to work diligently.
例题
1) They were forced their motherland.
A. leaving
B. to leave
C. having left
D. to have left
选B。不定式作主语补语。
2) It took me three years this research.
A. to complete
B. completing
C. to have completed
D. having completed
选A。It只是形式主语，不定式to complete才是真正的主语。
2不定式作宾语及宾语补语
讲解要点
（1）英语中许多及物动词要求用不定式作宾语，例如：want to do sth., refuse to do sth., manage to do sth., agree to do sth.等。
（2）有些动词要求用不定式作宾语补语，例如：allow sb to do sth。常用的这类动词有：advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, command, compel, enable, encourage, expect, force, invite, need, notify, oblige, order, permit, persuade, request, require, teach, tell, tempt, trouble, urge, want, warn等。
（3）有些动词后面，要求用不带to的不定式作宾语补语。这样的动词有：have, hear, let, listen to, look at, make, notice, observe, see, watch等。但是当这些动词用于被动语态时，后面的动词不定式则必须带to。
（4）在cannot but, do nothing but(except), had better, rather than, would rather…than , 和would sooner …than等结构后要求不带to的动词不定式。
例题
1) The ability to speak several languages enables him a good job.
A. to get
B. getting
C. to have got
D. having got
选A 。动词enable 要求用不定式作宾语补语。
2) He had his sister his paper for him.
A. to type
B. to have typed
C. typing
D. type
选D。动词have要求用省略to的不定式作宾语补语。
3) Tim cannot but his classmates to help him solve some math problems.
A. to ask
B. ask
C. asking
D. asked
选B。在cannot but后面用动词原形。
4) He was made the truth at last.
A. to tell
B. telling
C. being told
D. having told
选A。当动词make用于被动语态时，后面的动词不定式则必须带to。
3不定式作定语
讲解要点
（1）动词不定式作定语时与其修饰的词之间往往有动宾关系，如果该不定式中的动词是不及物动词，不定式后要有介词。例如：
He’s a pleasant fellow to work with.
There’s nothing to worry about.
（2）有些名词后常跟不定式作定语。例如:time, reason, chance, right, ability, willingness, need, anxiety, wish, plan等。例如:
Women should have the right to receive education.
There is no time to hesitate
例题
1) Where shall I put my boxes? The drawer is the place .
A. to put them
B. putting them in
C. to put in them
D. to put them in
选D。不定式作后置定语，如果动词为不及物动词，后面必须有介词。
2) I think he has little chance the game.
A. winning
B. win
C. to win
D. won
选C。名词chance后常跟不定式作定语。
4不定式作状语
讲解要点
（1）作目的状语
不定式作目的状语时，其动作发生在谓语动词之后，一般置于句子末尾。但是，如果表示强调，也可置于句首。其否定形式为：在不定式to前加not。
例如：
He went to Shanghai to visit his parents.
To save the earth, we must prevent the earth from being polluted.
I shut the door quietly, so as not to wake the baby.
（2）作结果状语。
例如：
We came home after our holiday to find our garden neat and tidy.
She left home, never to return again.
（3）作原因状语
不定式作原因状语时，一般放在句子末尾。例如：
She burst into laughter to see his funny face.
The boy was shocked to see the frightening scene.
例题
1) The revolutionary fighter would rather die with his head high than with knees bent.
A. to live
B. living
C. live
D. lived
选C。在would rather … than 后面的动词要用动词原形。
2) The girl walked into the room quietly awake her roommates.
A. so as to
B. in order not to
C. so as to not
D. for not to
选B。不定式的否定形式是在to之前加not。
第三节动名词
动名词是一种非限定形式，由动词原形加词尾-ing构成。在句中起名词作用，即可作主语、表语、宾语、或介词的宾语，又具有动词的某些特征，可以有自己的宾语和状语。对动名词须重点掌握的主要包括：动名词作某些动词的宾语，动名词及其复合结构作介词宾语，动名词作主语，动名词在作主语或宾语时与不定式的差异以及介词to后跟动名词等。
讲解要点
1 某些动词和动词短语要求动名词作宾语
admit 承认include 包含risk 冒险
acknowledge承认fancy 想象anticipate 预期
confess 坦白，承认imagine 想象finish 完成
deny 否认delay 耽搁enjoy 享受
suggest 建议postpone 推迟mind 介意
advise 劝告excuse原谅practice 练习
avoid 避免pardon原谅justify 证明正当
miss 错过…机会resent 怨恨dislike 讨厌
escape 逃脱appreciate 感激advocate 提倡
involve 包含consider 考虑resist 抵御
feel like 想要
put off 推迟give up 放弃object to going on holiday this weekend反对resort to求助于devote to献身于look forward to期待
be used to 习惯于be opposed to反对be accustomed to习惯于
例题
1) Mark often attempts to escape whenever he breaks traffic regulations.
A. having been fined
B. to have been fined
C. to be fined
D. being fined
选。动词escape要求后面只跟动名词，本句不能用完成式。
2) My wife said in her letter that she would appreciate----- from you sometime.
A. to have heard
B. to hear
C. for hearing
D. hearing
选D。动词appreciate要求后面只跟动名词
3) They are considering -------before the prices go up.
A. Of buying the house
B. with buying the house
C. buying the house
D. to buy the house
选C。动词consider要求后面只跟动名词，不能使用任何介词。
4) I feel like to the owner of the house to complain.
A. writing
B. to write
C. write
D. having written
选A。动词词组feel like后面要求用动名词作宾语。
5) Would you mind quiet for a moment? I am trying a form.
A. keeping; filling out
B. to keep; to fill out
C. keeping; to fill out
D. to keep; filling out
选C。动词mind要接动名词；try后面的宾语用不定式。
2 动名词的一些用法
（1）有时在形容词后面也要求用动名词，例如：busy, worth等。
He is busy working now.
This question is worth discussing.
（2）在point, trouble, difficulty, a hard time等名词后，应加介词in+动名词。in 可以省略。例如:
There is no point (in) thinking about it any more.
再想那件事没有意义。
I had difficulty (in) understanding this theory.
我很难理解这一理论。
（3）在it’s no use, it’s no sense, it’s no good, it’s not much use后要求用in+动名词, in可以省略。但是在it is of no use后则要用动词不定式。例如：
It’s no use (in)discussing about it any more.
It’s no good(in) writing to him; he never answers letters.
It’s of no use to cry over spilt milk.
（4）有些动词mean, remember, forget, regret, try, stop后跟不定式或动名词意思不同。
mean to do 想要remember to do 记住（要做某事）
mean doing 意味着remember doing 记得（做过某事）
try to do 努力（做某事）forget to do 忘记（要做的事）
try doing 试着（做某事）forget doing 忘记（已做的事）
stop to do 停下来做另一件事regret to do（对将要做的某事）遗憾
stop doing 停止做某事regret doing （对做过的事）后悔
例句
1) We must try to solve this problem.
我们必须设法解决这个问题。
2) We can try solving this problem in other ways.
我们可以试用另一些方法解决这一问题。
3) You must remember to pay her for the ticket.
你一定要记住把电影票的钱给她。
4) I remember seeing you before.
我记得以前见过你。
（5）demand, deserve, need, require, want, ask等词既可以要求动名词作宾语，也可以要求动词不定式的被动式作宾语。例如；
1) John’s house in the country wants painting.
2) John’s house in the country wants to be painted.
（6）动名词可以作介词的宾语，介词后的动名词可以有自己的逻辑主语。
1) I apologize for not having kept my promise.
2) We have often heard of him studying hard.
例题
1) I am thinking about whether this problem is worth .
A. to be discussed
B. being discussed
C. discussing
D. to discuss
选C。形容词worth要求动名词作宾语，且其主动形式表示被动。
2）There is no point arguing about this trifle.
A. in
B. for
C. with
D. of
选A。There is no point后应加介词in+动名词。
3) It’s no use our any longer. He may come by any train.
A. to wait
B. waiting
C. to have waited
D. having waited
选B。在it’s no use后要求用in+动名词, in可以省略。
4) I forgot her that my coat buttons need to be sewn on.
A. reminding
B. having reminded
C. to remind
D. to have reminded
选C。动词forget后跟不定式表示忘记要做的事。
5) The man in the corner confessed to a lie to the manager.
A. have told
B. be told
C. being told
D. having told
选D。动词confess+介词to后要跟动名词作宾语。本句不是被动语态。
6) We are surprised at the exam.
A. him not pass
B. in order not pass
C. his not passing
D. him not to pass
选C。动名词作介词宾语用，其否定形式为在其前加not。由于动名词具有名词的特征，所以在前面可以加入人称所有格形式(his)。
同类型练习题
1. I don’t remember to Professor Brown during my last visit to Harvard.
A. having introduced
B. having been introduced
C. to have introduced
D. to have been introduced
2. As we approached the village we saw many new houses .
A. built
B. build
C. being built
D. building
3. Nobody enjoys having a tooth .
A. drill and fill
B. drilling and filling
C. to drill and fill
D. drilled and filled
4. The students expected there more reviewing classes before the exam
A. is
B. to be
C. being
D. have been.
5. She has no pencil .
A. to write about
B. to write with
C. to write
D. to write in
6. He prided himself on at chess.
A. having never beaten
B. having been never beaten
C. having never been beaten
D. never have been beaten
7. Jane was scolded by the director because she left the office with the door .
A. unlocked
B. not being locked
C. unlocking
D. not locking
8. After a whole day’s work, the old worker returned home,.
A. hungry and felt exhausting
B. hunger and exhausted
C. hungry and being exhausted
D. hungry and exhausted
9. The old writer could not sleep at night, his sorrows him no peace.
A. gave
B. have given
C. being given
D. giving
10. I was overjoyed at the news of my hometown so much progress.
A. to make
B. having made
C. made
D. to have made
11. The Red Cross help for refugees, two million dollars have been raised.
A. appealing for
B. appeals to
C. appeals for
D. has appealed for
12. Professor Tate about him.
A. heard the students talking
B. heard the students to talk
C. heard the students talk
D. heard the talk by the students
13. The children went there to watch the iron tower . (CET 4:1990.1)
A. to erect
B. be erected
C. erecting
D. being erected
14. No matter how frequently , the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences. (CET 4:1995.6)
A. performing
B. performed
C. to be performed
D. being performed
15. The pressure causes Americans to be energetic, but it also puts them under a constant emotional strain. (CET 4:1997.6)
A. to compete
B. competing
C. to be competed
D. having competed
16. I really appreciate to help me, but I will be able to manage by myself.
A. you to offer
B. your offering
C. that you offer
D. that you are offering
17. He didn’t seem to mind TV while he was trying to study.
A. their watching
B. them watching
C. that they watch
D. them to watch
18. The brakes need .
A. adjusted
B. to adjustment
C. to adjust
D. adjusting
19. Tired of the noise, .
A. the door shut
B. the door was shut
C. he shut the door
D. he had shut the door
20. I am sorry so long I forgot the keys.
A. keeping you waiting
B. to keep you waiting
C. to keep you to wait
D. to have kept you waiting
21. I bitterly regret him the story yesterday.
A. to tell
B. told
C. to have told
D. having told
22. My piano teacher the piano several hours a day.
A. urged that I played
B. had me play
C. asked me play
D. encourage me to play
23. My sister’s professor had her her paper many times before allowing her to present it to the committee. (CET 4:1989.1)
A. rewritten
B. to rewrite
C. rewrite
D. rewriting
24. There’s a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means trouble. (CET 4:1997.1)
A. making
B. to make
C. to have made
D. having made
25. Mrs. Brown is supposed for Italy last week.
A. to have left B to be leaving
C. to leave
D. to have been left
26. left before the deadline it doesn’t seem likely that he will accomplish the job.
A. Although such a short time
B. It is such a short time
C. With so short time
D. With such a short time
27. a fine day, we decided to go out for a walk.
A. Having been
B. It being
C. That was
D. Being
28. My grandmother rural life.
A. has used
B. used to
C. is used to
D. uses to
29. with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem high at all. (CET 4:1990.1)
A. When compared
B. Compare
C. While comparing
D. Comparing
30. Having no money but to know, he simply said he would go without dinner.
A. not to want anyone
B. not wanting anyone
C. wanted no one
D. to want on one
答案与注解
1. B 在动词remember之后接不定式表示将要发生的动作，而接动词+ing则
表示已发生的动作。此题后面有明确表示过去的时间状语，表明动作已
发生。
2. C 在动词see后面用动词+ing作宾语补足语，强调该动作正在进行。且为
被动关系。
3. D 动词have作使役动词用时，其句型为have sth. done或have sb. do sth.。
4. C 动名词短语作expect 的宾语。
5. B动词不定式与其修饰的词之间往往有动宾关系，如果该不定式是不及物
动词，其后有必要的介词。本句的意思是“用铅笔写”。
6. C 本题考学生动名词作介词宾语、never的位置，还有被动语态。
7 A 独立主格中with+名词+过去分词的表示方式。
8. D 从时态上讲，应该用过去分词，表示伴随情况。还要考虑连词前后的平
衡结构。
9. D 本题考独立主格，而且是主动形式。
10. B 现在分词短语作介词宾语的补语。
11. A 前半句是独立主格，表示原因。
12. A 感官动词+宾语+宾补的用法，听到某人正在谈论别人或某事，所以应
该用现在分词作宾补。
13. D 该题测试watch+宾语+宾补的用法以及分词及其逻辑主语之间的关系。
14. B 该题测试过去分词用在省略了主语的让步状语从句中，其主语和主句
的主语是同一个内容，所以省略了。且是被动关系。
15. A 该题测试不定式作后置定语的用法。
16. B 该题测试动词appreciate的用法, appreciate后接名词或代词的所有格+
动名词的结构。
17. A 该题测试动词mind 的用法, mind后接名词或代词的所有格+动名词的结
构。
18. D 该题测试动词need 的用法, need后接动名词，相当于接不定式的被动语
态形式。
19. C 测试分词与主句的关系。Tired of的逻辑主语是he，所以主句也必须用he
开头。但是没有动作的先后关系，所以不能选D。
20. D 测试不定式的用法。形容词sorry后用不定式，sorry的动作发生在不定式
的动作之后，所以不定式应该用完成时。
21. D 测试regret 后接非谓语动词的用法。Regret后接不定式，表示对未发生的
事感到遗憾，接动名词表示对已发生的事感到后悔。
22. B 测试使役动词的用法。have sb. do sth. 表示“使某人做某事”，宾补用不带
的不定式。urge常用在urge sb. to do sth.的结构中，后面用that从句时必须要用虚拟语气。
23. C 测试使役动词的用法。have sb. do sth. 表示“使某人做某事”，宾补用不带
to的不定式。
24. B 该题测试非谓语动词的用法。mean to do sth. 表示“打算做某事”。
25. A 该题测试不定式的用法。
26. D 该题测试独立主格结构的用法。With such a short time left正好构成With+
名词+过去分词的结构。
27. B 该题测试独立主格结构的用法。It being a fine day为主语+分词结构的独立
格形式，在句子中表示原因。
28. C be used to+名词或动名词表示“习惯于……”。
29. A 该题测试过去分词的用法。compare的逻辑主语是主句的主语the highest
mountain,二者之间是被动关系。
30. B 该题测试分词做状语及平行结构的用法。
倒装与强调
第一节倒装
倒装分为全部倒装和部分倒装。全部倒装的特点是谓语动词全移至主语前；部分倒装的特点是将部分谓语，如助动词、情态动词或系动词be放在主语前。倒装语序常出现在下列情况中：
讲解要点
(1) 含有否定意义的词或短语放在句首的倒装
这类词或短语包括：never, little, seldom, rarely, hardly, scarcely, nowhere, nor, neither, by no means, in no case, in no way, at no time, under/in no circumstances, on no account, not until, no sooner…than, hardly …when…, not only… but also…等。例句
1) Never have I been to Beijing.
2) Rarely does he go to the movies.
3) In no case will we give up our plan.
4) Hardly had I sat down when I heard someone knocking at the door.
5) No sooner had he returned home than he went to sleep.
(2)as或though引导的让步状语从句常出现倒装的情形。
一般将形容词或副词等置于句首。
例句
1) Wealthy as he is, he is not happy.
(Although he is wealthy, he is not happy )
尽管他很有钱，但他不幸福。
2) Hard as he worked, he failed in the exam.
(Although he worked hard, he failed in the exam)
尽管他学习很用功，但还是没通过考试。
3) Woman as she is, she is very brave.
(Although she is a woman, she is very brave)
尽管她是个女人，但她很勇敢。
(3)当so, such等表示程度的副词置于句首时，句子一般倒装。
这样的结构起一个强调作用。
例句
1) So great was the change in this city that we could not believe our eyes.
(The change in this city was so great that we could not believe our eyes)
2) Such was the surprise that we were all shocked.
(The surprise was such that we were all shocked)
(4)Only + 副词、介词短语或状语从句置于句首时，句子一般倒装。
例句
1) Only recently has he realized the danger smoking might bring to his health.
2) Only in this way can we accomplish the task on time.
3) Only when you work hard will you make progress in your study.
（5）虚拟语气中条件句的倒装。
1) Were I you, I would buy the house.
(If I were you, I would buy the house.)
2) Had I money, I would go to Paris.
(If I had money, I would go to Paris.)
3) Had you studied harder, you would have passed the exam.
(If you had studied harder, you would have passed the exam.)
4) Should it rain, we would not go for a walk.
(If it should rain, we would not go for a walk.)
(6)为避免句子部分内容重复，英语中也常用倒装句。
例如：so (neither, nor)+ be 动词（助动词，情态动词）+ 主语。
例句
1) My father is a teacher; so is my mother.
2) John didn’t attend the English class yesterday; nor did Mary.
（7）当there, here, then, now 等表示地点、时间的副词或介词短语，以及out, in, away, up, bang等表示方位或拟声词置于句首时，一般句子全部倒装。但如果主语是代词，句子则不能倒装。
例句
1) Look! Here comes the bus.
2) Here are some letters for you.
3) Under the tree lay an old man.
4) Away flew the bird.
5) Bang goes my ace.
6) Away she went.
例题
1) Not until the year of 1954 made the capital of the country.
A. the city was
B. was the city
C. when the city was
D. was when the city
选B。Not until是表示否定意义的词组，放在句首要部分倒装。
2) the doctor right away, he might be alive now.
A. Should he have gone to
B. If he went to
C. Were he go to
D. Had he gone to
选D。虚拟语气中条件句省略if应该倒装，本条件句是对过去时的虚拟。
3) So little about this theory that the lecture was totally beyond me.
A. did I know
B. I knew
C. I had known
D. had I known
选A。当so表示程度的副词置于句首时，句子要部分倒装。
4) By no means create or destroy energy.
A. we can
B. we can’t
C. can we
D. shall we
选C。by no means是表示否定意义的词组，放在句首要部分倒装。
5) Only after he has learned this skill to operate the machine.
A. he began
B. did he begin
C. will he begin
D. must he begin
选C。本句是Only + 状语从句，置于句首时，句子一般倒装。
第二节强调句
有时候需要突出或强调某个词、词组或从句，所以需要使用强调结构。
讲解要点
强调句型的表达法一般有以下几种情况：
（1）it is (was) + 被强调部分+ that (who) + 句中其它部分
It is (was)…that…可以用来强调句中的主语（从句）、宾语（从句）、状语（从句）等。如果强调句中强调的是主语或宾语，则that可用who（指人），whom或which （指物）来代替；如果强调句中强调的是状语，则不能用when, where等代替，只能用that。
例句
1) It was my uncle that (who) sent me the letter.
2) It is this problem that (which) we discussed yesterday.
3) It was because he was too careless that he was involved in the accident.
4) It is in this room that he was born 20 years ago.
（2）it is (was) not until …that… 也是强调句的一种，意思是：“直到…才…”。例句
1) It was not until he graduated from college that he got a well-paid job.
2) It was not until 1987 that he returned back to his hometown.
（3）谓语动词前用do, does, did表示强调
在肯定句中，可以用do, does, did强调谓语部分，可译为：“务必”、“一定”、“真的”、“确实”等。这时动词要用原形。
例句
1) I do love music.
2) He does like to eat apples.
3) He did come to see me last week.
（4）“特殊疑问词 + is(was) + it + that + 句子”的结构
该结构也起强调作用，表示“究竟在哪里”、“到底是谁”等。
例句
1) Where was it (that) you saw the man?
你到底在哪里看见那个人的？
2) How is it (that) your opinion differs from his?
你的看法怎么和他的不同？
例题
1) It was the color of the material he was surprised at.
A. who
B. whom
C. that
D. what
选C。本句强调的是介词宾语。
2) It was not until he arrived the railway station he realized he had left his ticket home.
A. before
B. since
C. when
D. that
选D。本句考学生it is (was) not until …that…“直到…才…”的强调句型。
3) You are quite wrong. He like the city.
A. can
B. has
C. should
D. does
选D。本句考学生谓语动词前用do, does, did表示强调。可译为“真的”、“确实”。
4) It is he is determined.
A. buying a new car that
B. to buy a new car that
C. to buy a new car what
D. buying a new car which
选B。本句强调的是determine的宾语。determine后一般用不定式做宾语。what 一般不用于强调结构。
5) It was it raised many difficult questions that the book took a long time to come out.
A. because
B. since
C. after
D. when
选A。本句是一个因果句，所以应该强调原因连词because。
同类型练习题
1. Busy he is, he can fulfill the task ahead of time.
A. because
B. as
C. no matter how
D. although
2. --Does your father call you often?
--Yes, my father calls me about once a week and .
A. so my brother does
B. my brother does so
C. so does my brother
D. does so my brother
3. the traffic jam, I would not have missed the train.
A. Had it not been for
B. If I had not been for
C. Had I not been for
D. If it had been for
4. that the trade between the two countries reached its highest point. (CET 4:1989.1)
A. During the 1960’s
B. It was in the 1960’s
C. That it was in the 1960’s
D. It was the 1960’s
5. she first heard of the man referred to as a specialist. (CET 4:1990.1)
A. That was from Stephen
B. It was Stephen from
C. It was from Stephen that
D. It was Stephen that
6. It was not until the details about the plan had been examined the committee made a decision.
A. which
B. what
C. because
D. that
7. 1980 that he set up his own company in New York.
A. When it was
B. That was in
C. During
D. It was in
8. Only after years of intensive work the riddle of DNA.
A. and Crick and Watson solved
B. did Crick and Watson solve
C. Crick and Watson solved
D. but Crick and Watson solved
9. As fuel prices went up, bus companies raised their fares and .
A. so did the airlines
B. neither did the airlines
C. so the airlines have done
D. neither the airlines did
10. Never before in China .
A. had so many changes happened
B. has been so many changes
C. have so many changes happened
D. do so many changes happened
11. , I don’t envy him.
A. Peter is rich
B. Peter though is rich
专升本大学语文模拟试题八
2011年普通高校专升本 大学语文模拟试题（八） 一、选择题（本大题共15个小题，每小题1分，共15分。在每小题给出的4个选项中，只有一项是符合要求的，把所选项前的字母填在题后括号内） 1．“惟陈言之务去”出自（） A．《谏逐客书》B．《种树郭橐鸵传》 C．《答李翊书》D．《答司马谏议书》 2．成语“夙兴夜寐”出自（） A．《陈情表》B．《短歌行》C．《关山月》D．《氓》 3．《米龙老爹》的作者是（） A．契诃夫B．莫泊桑C．欧·亨利D．托尔斯泰 4．《新五代史》的撰写者是（） A．欧阳修B．宋祁C．司马光D．王安石 5．杜牧是唐朝哪个时期的诗人（） A．初唐B．晚唐C．中唐D．盛唐 6．“计中国之在海内”中的“中国”是指（） A．神州B．中国C．中原D．九州 7．“狡兔三窟”的典故出自（） A．《李将军列传》B．《冯谖客孟尝君》 C．《季氏将伐颛臾》D．《寡人之于国也》 8．《行路难》的作者是（） A．白居易B．杜甫C．李白D．李商隐 9．杜甫《蜀相》“两朝开济老臣心”中“老臣”是指（） A．曹操B．李斯C．诸葛亮D．王安石 10．《白雪歌送武判官归京》属于（） A．山水诗B．乐府诗C．田园诗D．边塞诗11．中唐倡导新乐府运动的诗人是（） A．李白B．李贺C．白居易D．杜牧 12．《北方》一诗选自艾青诗集（） A．《大堰河》B．《火把》C．《北方》D．《向太阳》 13．屠格涅夫的《门槛》是（） A．小说B．散文C．散文诗D．政论 14．柳永《八声甘州》的线索是（） A．登高临远B．睹物思人C．雨洒江天D．佳人颙望 15．《风波》中反复说“一代不如一代”的人物是（） A．赵七爷B．七斤C．八一嫂D．九斤老太 二、填空题（本大题共10个小题，每小题1分，共10分。把答案填在题中横线上）16．孔子名丘，字________。 17．所谓“四书”是指《孟子》、《大学》、《中庸》和《_________》。 18．慨当以慷，忧思难忘。何以解忧，____________。 19．孟子回答了梁惠王提出的问题是__________。 20．庄子《秋水》中体现了他的哲学本体论是__________主义的。 21．《陈情表》选自《__________》。 22．鲁迅原名周樟寿，改名周树人。浙江_________人。 23．《箱子岩》的作者是___________。 24．巴金的小说《家》、《春》、《秋》合称《__________》。 25．傅雷是我国现当代著名的___________家。 三、词语解释题（解释句中加点词的词义。本大题共10个小题，每小题1分，共10分）
专升本英语语法重点汇总
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一时态和语态：16种表现形式 一、一般现在时（do/does;am/is/are) 考点如下： 1.时间状语： 2.表示客观事实，永恒真理和规律。 必考点1：3.（主将从现）在时间和条件状语从句中，从句中的谓语动词用一般现在时表示一般将来时。 考法：If you pass the spoken English test,you will get a chance to go abroad. 解析：考试一般都会给出时间/条件连词，且从句中的时态，让考生们选择主句中的时态。 注意1：如果从句中的时态是do/does,那么主句中是will do/shall do/be going to do/be about to do/be to do.(be动词为am/is/are;这里will do出现的考点频率最高）注意2：如果从句中的时态是did,那么主句中是would do/shouldl do/be going to do/be about to do/be to do.(be动词为was/were;这里would/should do出现的考点频率最高） 2.He_______as soon as he finishes his homework. A.goes to bed B.will goes to bed C.went to bed D.will go to bed 主将从现例题：用所给词的适当形式填空： 1.If he_______(study)harder,he will catch up with us soon. 2.Frank_______(see)a film if he’s free next Saturday. 3.We won’t go to the park if it________(rain)tomorrow. 注意3：主句中暗含一般将来时，从句中仍然用一般现在时（do/does)： 1.the new secretary is supposed to report to the manager as soon as she______ a.will arrive b.arrives c.is arriving d.is going to arrive
2010年陕西专升本英语考试真题
注意事项： 1．试卷分为试题和答题纸两部分。全卷共16页，其中试题12页，答题纸4页。 2．用墨迹为蓝(黑)色的钢笔、圆珠笔或签字笔将答案写在答题纸上，写在试题上的答 案无效。 3．满分为150分，考试时间为150分钟。 Part I V ocabulary and Structure (40分) Directions：In this part，there are 40 incomplete sentences．For each sentence there are four choices marked A，B，C and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Then write the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet． 1．“When is the concert supposed to start?” “It _________ now．” A．is about starting B．was about to start C．is about to start D．was about starting 2．_________ your help，I would not have succeeded. A．But that B．But for C．But if D．Thanks to 3．It is no _______talking to him because he will never change his mind. A．help B．use C．time D．way 4．Fujian Province lies _______ the east of China and Taiwan Province is ______the east of Fujian． A．in；in B．to；in C．to；to D．in；to 5．_______full preparation，you won't have much chance of success. A．After B．Before C．With D．Without 6．No sooner had we reached the top of the hill _______ we all sat down to rest. A．until B．when C．then D．than 7. I’d rather you ________ anything about it for the time being. A．don't do B．don't C．didn't do D．didn't 8. Lisa was busy taking notes Mark was searching the Internet for information. A．until B．unless C．while D．if 9. Since he left the university，he _______ in an accounting company． A．has been working B．had worked C．had been working D．was working 10. There is no doubt _______ you will pass the exam this time．You have worked so hard in the past months． A．whether B．that C．if D．what 11. The house was sold for $60，000，which was far more than its real _______． A．money B．payment C．value D．profit 12. Sorry, we cannot _______ you the job because you don't have any work experience． A．make B．send C．offer D．prepare 13. When I was in the waiting room at the station yesterday．I read a magazine in order to _______ time． A．spend B．kill C．take D．waste 14. Because of the mist，none of those who saw the flying object could tell its _______ shape．
专升本语法大全
?主谓结构（主语＋不及物动词） ? 1.在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化?During the past decade, huge changes have happened in my hometown. ?This morning, a traffic accident happened in this street. ?This afternoon, a meeting will take place in Room 201. ?Take place ?Take the place of ?Replace ?Happen ?Occur ?Take place ?happen take place occur ?Currently ?During the past decade, great changes have taken place in my hometown. ?2 1919年，在北京爆发了“五.四”运动。 ?In 1919, May 4th Movement took place in Beijing. ///// ?Break out ?Break through ?Break up
?Broke broken ?May 4th Movement broke ?Out in Beijing in 1919 ?3.每天八时开始上课。 ?Class begins at 8 o?clock every day. –Everyday English ?Classes begin at eight o?clock every day 主谓宾结构（主语＋及物动词＋宾语） ?你们必须在两周内看完这些书 ?Y ou must finish reading these books within two weeks. ?我喜欢看书。 ?you must finish reading these books within two weeks. 主系表结构（主语＋系动词＋表语） ?她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。 ?Her job is to look after children in the kindergarten. ?Take care of ?Look at doing sth ?Look to ?Look into ?Her job is to take care of/ taking care of kids in the kindergarten. ?这本书是有关美国历史。
专升本大学语文考试试题
一、填空（每空1分，共20分） 1、《论语》主要记载_______及其弟子言行的著作。 2、子曰：三人行，必有我师焉。择其善者而从之，_____________________. 3、得道者多助，失道者寡助。寡助之至，______________。多助之至，天下顺之。 4、庄子散文，想象丰富，多采用论辩形式，富有浪漫色彩。 5、陶渊明字元亮（一说名潜，字渊明），好__________先生。 6、前不见古人，后不见来者。__________________，独伧然而泣下。 7、洞房昨夜停红烛，待晓堂前拜舅姑，壮罢低声问夫婿，____________________。 8、沧海月明珠有泪，____________________。 9、陆游，字务观，号__________。 10、李商隐诗名体皆工，成就斐然，尤以_____________最为突出。 11、苏轼与父苏洵、弟_______，合称“三苏” 12、矛盾小说著作主要有《蚀》、《虹》、《_______》、《腐蚀》、《清明前后》等。 13、钱钟书的主要著作有《读忆录》、《管锥篇》、《旧文四篇》等。长篇小说有《_______》。 14、《左传》是_________体史书，也是一部优秀的文学著作。 15、《史记》是我过第一部_________体通史。 16、王昌龄与高适、_________同为盛唐边塞诗人代表。 17、韩愈卒后溢“文”，故后世称__________文公。 18、徐志摩的代表诗作《再别康桥》中的“康桥”即____________。 19、北宋与苏轼并称“苏黄”的诗人是__________。 20、李白的诗歌充满浪漫色彩，风格__________。 二、解释词语 1、子在川上曰：“逝者如斯夫，不舍昼夜”。 斯： 舍： 2、老吾老，以及人之老，幼吾幼以及人之幼。 老吾老： 幼吾幼： 3、公退之瑕，披鹤，戴华阳巾，手持《周易》一卷，焚香默坐，消遣世虑。 公退： 世虑： 4、于是焉河伯始旋其面目，望洋向着而叹曰：“野语有之曰：闻道百，以为莫己若者。我之谓也……”。 望洋向着： 莫己若： 5、况吾与子渔櫵于江渚之上，侣渔虾而友麋鹿，驾一叶扁舟，举匏樽以相居。 渔櫵： 侣渔虾： 6、自衿功伐，奋其私智而不师右，谓霸王之业，欲以力征经营天下，五年卒亡其国，身死东城，尚不觉悟，而不自责，过矣。 自衿功伐： 过矣： 7、唯圆绿竹，气凌彭泽之樽；邺水朱华，光照临川之笔。 彭泽：
2010年专升本试卷
2010年专升本试卷 一、填空题（20%） 1．一个完整的计算机系统由（硬件系统）和（软件系统）两部分组成。 2．10个16*16点阵的汉字将占用（320 ）个字节。 3．在Word中，要设置文本的对齐方式，可以使用“格式”菜单中的（段落）命令，然后在弹出的对话框中进行设置。 4．第一代计算机使用的物理器件是（电子管） 5．内存中，每一个基本单位都被赋予唯一的序号，这个序号称为（地址）。 6．在Windows中，用（开始）菜单元中的“运行”命令，可以启动一个应用程序。 7．B类IP地址的默认子网掩码是（255.255.0.0 ）。 8．A的ASCII码值是65，D的ASCII码值是（68 ）。 9．OSI参考模型将计算机网络分成七层，最低层是（物理层）。 10．计算机网络根据通信的地理范围来分，可以分为广域网、（城域网）和（局域网）三类。 11．目前，常用的网络互联设备有（路由器）、（交换机）和（中继器）等。（网桥、网关）12．在Excel中，单元格引用有绝对引用、（相对引用）和（混合引用）三种方式。 13．在Word中，设置页边距，可以使用（文件）菜单下的“页面设置”命令。 14．在Windows的附件中，“记事本”软件创建的文件，保存时其缺省扩展名为（txt ）。 二、选择题（50%） 1．五笔字形输入法属于（）汉字输入码。 A. 数字编码 B. 字形编码 C. 字音编码 D. 音形码 2．目前，国际上广泛使采用的西文字符编码是（）。 A. 区位码 B. 汉字机内码 C. ASCII码 D. 国际码 3．安装新的中文输入方法的操作在（）窗口中进行。 A. 我的电脑 B. 资源管理器 C. 文字处理程序 D. 控制面板 4．计算机内部对数据处理时，采用（）进制。 A. 二 B. 八 C. 十 D. 十六 5．“计算机辅助制造”的英文缩写是（）。 A. CAD B. CAM C. CAI D. OA 6．1K字节等于（）字节。 A. 3的10次方 B. 10的3次方 C. 2的10次方 D. 10的2次方 7．微型计算机的CPU主要由两部分构成，它们是（）。 A. 内存和控制器 B. 内存和外存 C. 运算器和控制器 D. 外存和运算器 8．下列设备中输出效果最好的的设备是（）。 A. 针式打印机 B. 激光打印机 C. 喷黑打印机 D. 行式打印机 9．下列设备中，既是输入设备又是输出设备的是（）。 A. 显示器 B. 打印机 C. 键盘 D. 磁盘驱动器 10．把高级语言的源程序变为目标程序要经过（）。 A. 解释 B. 汇编 C. 编辑 D. 编译 11．当计算机突然断电，其中信息丢失，恢复供电后信息不可恢复的存储器是（）。 A. RAM B. ROM C. 硬盘 D. 光盘 12．在Windows中，当启动（运行）一个程序时就打开该程序自己的窗口，把运行程序的窗口最小化，就是（）。 A. 结束该程序的运行 B. 暂时中断该程序的运行，但随量可以由用户加以恢复 C. 该程序的运行转入后台继续工作 D. 中断该程序的运行，而且用户不能加以恢复 13．下列软件中，属于系统软件的是（）。 A. Word B. PowerPoint C. Excel D. Windows 14．下列文件名中，正确的文件名是（）。 A. AXX/1.DOC B. X01.DOC C. AQ>1.DOC D. CA|X.DOC 15．在Word编辑状态直，若文档窗口显示出垂直标尺，则当前的视图方式是（）。 A. 普通视图 B. 页面视图 C. Web版式视图 D. 大纲视图 16．最常用的WEB页面浏览器软件是（）。 A. IE B. FTP C. OUTLOOK D. WINZIP 17．操作系统是（）接口。 A. 主机和外设 B. 系统软件和应用系统 C. 用户和计算机 D. 高级语言和机器语言 18．下面关于Excel的叙述中错误的是（）。 A. 要插入新的工作表，可以使用“插入”菜单中的“工作表”命令 B. 右击要删除的工作表标签，弹出快捷菜单后，选择“删除”命令可以删除该工作表 C. 单击某个工作表标签，拖动到新的位置，松开左键，可以将该工作表复制到新的位置 D. 要设置行高，可以选择要改变的行，选择“格式”菜单下的“行”选项中的“行高”命令 19．对PC机，人们常提到的“PENTIUM3”，“PENTIUM4”指的是（）。 A. 存储容量 B. I/O设备 C. 运算速度 D. CPU类型