大一下学期英语课本练习答案

Unit1 Ways of Learning
Part II Reading Task
Comprehension
Content Question
Pair Work
1. They were studying arts education in Chinese kindergartens and elementary schools in Nanjing.
2. Their 18-month-old son Benjamin was fond of trying to place the key into the slot of the key box during their stay at the Jinling Hotel.
3. They would come over to watch Benjamin and then try to teach him how to do it properly.
4. Because he realized that this anecdote was directly relevant to their assigned tasks in China: to investigate early childhood education and to throw light on Chinese attitudes toward creativity.
5. Most of them displayed the same attitude as the staff at the Jinling Hotel.
6. He emphasized that the most important thing is to teach the child that on can solve a problem effectively by oneself.
7. He means that this incident pointed to important differences in educational and artistic practices between China and the USA.
8. The manner in which the Chinese staff saw the need to teach the child by guiding his hand in the characteristic of a broader attitude to education, one that stands in contrast to the Western preference for leaving the child to explore and learn unaided.
9. One example is of children at the age of 5 or 6 painting flowers, fish and animals skillfully and confidently; in a second example, calligraphers 9 and 10 years old were producing works; and in a third, young artists work on perfecting their craft for several hours a day.
10. Americans think that unless creativity has been acquired early, it may never emerge, and skills can be picked up later. Chinese think that if skills are not acquired early, they may never be acquired, and there is no hurry to promote creativity.
11. This is mainly due to the difference in their way of thinking.
12. The author makes the suggestion that we should strike a better balance between the poles of creativity and basic skills.
Text Organization
Working On Your Own
1.
1) The text begins with an anecdote.
2) His thoughts are mainly about different approaches to learning in China and the West.
3) He winds up the text with a suggestion in the form of a question.
2. Chinese
1) Show a child how to do something, or tech by holding the hand
2) Give greater priority to developing skills at an early age, believing that creativity can be promoted over time
Americans
1) Teach children that they should rely on themselves for solutions to problems
2) Put more emphasis on fostering creativity in young children, thinking skills can be picked up later
Language Sense Enhancement

(1) Summarizing
(2) value originality and independence
(3) contrast between
(4) in terms of
(5) harbor
(6) fearful
(7) comparable
(8) promote creativity
(9) emerge
(10) picked up

Language Focus
Vocabulary
I
1.

1) insert
2) on occasion
3) investigate
4) In retrospect
5) initial
6) phenomena
7) attached
8) make up for
9) is awaiting
10) not; in the least
11) promote
12

) emerged

2.
1) a striking contrast between the standards of living in the north of the country and the south.
2) is said to be superior to synthetic fiber.
3) as a financial center has evolved slowly.
4) is not relevant to whether he is a good lawyer.
5) by a little-known sixteen-century Italian poet have found their way into some English magazines.
3.
1) be picked up; can’t accomplish; am exaggerating
2) somewhat; the performance; have neglected; they apply to
3) assist; On the other hand; are valid; a superior
II
1.

1) continual
2) continuous
3) continual
4) continuous

2.

1) principal
2) principal
3) principle
4) principles
5) principal

III

1. themselves
2. himself/herself
3. herself/by herself/on her own
4. itself
5. ourselves
6. yourself/by yourself/on your own

Comprehensive Exercises
I. cloze
1.

(1) contrast
(2) exaggerating
(3) priority
(4) on the other hand
(5) promoting
(6) pick up
(7) assist
(8) accomplish
(9) occasion
(10) neglecting
(11) worthwhile
(12) superior

2.

(1) end
(2) perform
(3) facing
(4) competent
(5) equipped
(6) designed
(7) approach
(8) rest
(9) definitely
(10) quality

II. translation
1.
(1) It takes an enormous amount of courage to make a departure from the tradition.
(2) Tom used to be very shy, but this time he was bold enough to give a performance in front of a large audience.
(3) Many educators think it desirable to foster the creative spirit in the child at an early age.
(4) Assuming this painting really is a masterpiece, do you think it’s worthwhile to buy it?
(5) If the data is statistically valid, it will throw light on the problem we are investigating.
2.
To improve our English, it is critical to do more reading, writing, listening and speaking. Besides, learning by heart as many well-written essays as possible is also very important. Without an enormous store of good English writing in your head you cannot express yourself freely in English. It is also helpful to summarize our experience as we go along, for in so doing, we can figure out which way of learning is more effective and will produce the most desirable result. As long as we keep working hard on it, we will in due course accomplish the task of mastering English.

Unit2 Values
Part II Reading Task
Comprehension
Content Question
Pair Work
1. The Salvation Army is a religious charitable organization. A Salvation Army bell ringer is a volunteer who help it collect donations.
2. The boy asked him: Are you poor? He did it simply out of confusion and curiosity. Obviously he knew nothing about the Salvation Army bell ringer.
3. He said, “I have more than some people, but not as much as others.” This means that he was neither poor nor rich.
4. The boy’s mother scolded him because the question was social inappropriate, especially to a person who looked poor.
5. Yes, economically he is poor. He lives in a small basement apartment. He d

oesn’t even have a color TV. He falls into the lowest income category. And so on.
6. No, the writer does not feel poor. This is because he has enjoyed good health and creativity which he thinks are much more important than material goods.
7. He feels out of place among people who are primarily interested in material things.
8. She told him that she was interested in what’s on the inside. but after he took her to his poorly furnished apartment, she changed her mind completely.
9. It only shows that to her the most important thing was still material goods rather than what she had claimed before.
10. Commercial can put people under pressure to purchase more than is really necessary.
11. Because December is the time for to work for the Salvation Army as a bell ringer, which gives him a genuine sense of belonging and brings him happiness in helping others.
12. The boy’s question has helped the writer realize that, despite his lack of expensive possessions, he is rich in many other ways and should be thankful for that.
Text Organization
Working On Your Own
1.
1) a.√
2) the essay is meant to explain something that is, the author’s view of life.
3) That one can live a life full of riches without being rich financially.
2.
Part One: The writer’s encounter with a boy who raised the question “are you poor?”
Part Two: In search of an answer the writer finds that not having expensive possessions doesn’t make him feel poor mainly because he enjoys life in many other ways.
Part Three: In conclusion, the writer thinks he’s grown to understand more about himself because of the boy’s question.
Language Sense Enhancement

1.

(1) attain
(2) wear and tear
(3) dependable
(4) modest
(5) primarily
(6) minimal
(7) exceptionally
(8) illness-free
(9) spirited
(10) energizing

Language Focus
Vocabulary
I
1.

1) abrupt
2) emotional
3) bless
4) wear and tear
5) dated
6) consequences
7) seemingly
8) in contrast to
9) Curiosity
10) genuine
11) primarily
12) sentiments

2.
1) confronted with more than one problem, try to solve the easiest one first.
2) vital to the existence of all forms of life.
3) some confusion among the students about what to do after class to follow up on the subject.
4) nothing more than a job and an apartment to be happy.
5) tickled him to think that she’d come to ask his advice
3.
1) a lingering; fabricating; sentiments
2) fill out; every item; vital; consequences
3) be denied; tangible; cherish; attain
II
1. It is a long trip and will take us five hours by bus.
2. She arrived early and took a front row seat.
3. Don’t take me for a fool.
4. It takes a lot of imagination to fabricate such a story.
5. My uncle will take me (along on his trip) to the Arctic this summer.
6. He took the dinner plate I passed to him.
7. Kevin took second prize in the weight-lifting competition.
8. If you don’t take my advice, you will regret it.
III

1. hanging
2.

to give
3. to return
4. being praised
5. not having written
6. to say
7. to open
8. being helped

Comprehensive Exercises
I. cloze
1.

(1) well-off/affluent
(2) dated
(3) falling into
(4) bracket
(5) deny
(6) tangible
(7) pursuit
(8) cherishes
(9) out of place
(10) abrupt
(11) focus
(12) donations

2.

(1) consume
(2) fueled
(3) annual
(4) plain
(5) physically
(6) security
(7) indicates
(8) equally
(9) traditional
(10) follow

III. Translation
1.
1) The company denied that its donations had a commercial purpose.
2) Whenever he was angry, he would begin to stammer slightly.
3) Education is the most cherished tradition in our family. That’s why my parents never took me to dinner at expensive restaurants, but sent me to the best private school.
4) Shortly after he recovered from the surgery, he lost his job and thus had to go through another difficult phase of his life.
5) In contrast to our affluent neighbors, my parents are rather poor, but they have always tried to meet our minimal needs.
2.
With more and more donations coming in, our university will be much better off financially next year. We will thus be able to focus on the most important task that we, educators, must take on: to encourage students to attain their scholarly/academic goals, to train them to be dependable and responsible individuals, to prepare them for the life ahead, and to guide them in their pursuit of spiritual as well as material satisfaction.

Unit3 The Generation Gap
Part II Reading Task
Comprehension
Content Question
Pair Work
1. There are seven characters---Father, Mother, Heidi, Diane, Sean, Restaurant Manager, and Mrs. Higgins.
2. No. Because what he does usually ends up embarrassing them.
3. To buy a guitar.
4. To check if Sean was going to embarrass him.
5. He knew his father was going to embarrass him.
6. It was unnecessary and embarrassing.
7. He wanted Dan to pressure his son into asking Diane to the senior prom.
8. He would speak to his son and insist that the latter give Diane a call.
9. She felt humiliated.
10. Because the Thompson had just moved.
11. He tried to let her know how exceptionally talented a young woman Heidi was.
12. Because she couldn’t bear being embarrassed by her father.
Text Organization
Working On Your Own
1.
1. A fast-food restaurant
2. The Thompson family dining room
3. An office at a high school
2.
Scene One: Father embarrassed Sean by talking too proudly to the restaurant manager.
Scene Two: Father embarrassed Diane by persuading a colleague into pressing his son to ask her to the senior prom.
Scene Three: Father embarrassed Heidi by boating to an official at her new school about how talented she was.
Language Sense Enhancement
1.

(1) once in a while
(2) for
(3) the problem
(4) he thinks
(5) humiliated
(6) class president
(7) have
(8) Actually
(9) stop to think
(10) interference

Language Focus
Vocabulary
I
1.

1) typic

al
2) dumb
3) junior
4) glorious
5) welfare
6) came over
7) interference
8) fading
9) narrowed down
10) frank
11) schemes
12) at any rate

2.
1) consists of five generals and four police officers.
2) will be in a location overlooking the lake.
3) was humiliated by her comments about my family background in front of so many people.
4) have any proof that it was Henry who stole the computer?
5) was exhausted after the long cycle ride.
3.
1) hysterical; was handed down by; should have known better than
2) twisted; over and over; talented son
3) patience; not to keep him in suspense; assured; repeatedly
II. Collocation

1. adequate
2. anxious
3. certain
4. content
5. crazy
6. likely
7. fortunate
8. keen

III. Usage

1. be admitted
2. live
3. be postponed
4. buy
5. be banned
6. be

Comprehensive Exercises
I. cloze
1.

(1) typical
(2) welfare
(3) constant
(4) frank
(5) talent
(6) dumb
(7) know better than that
(8) repeatedly
(9) dread
(10) interference
(11) bet
(12) assure

2.

(1) despite
(2) really
(3) same
(4) contact
(5) admitted
(6) attempt
(7) not
(8) tend
(9) different
(10) manner

II. Translation
1.
(1) Have scientists found proof of water on Mars?
(2) The planning committee has narrowed down the possible locations for the nuclear power plant to two coastal towns.
(3) Sam not only lost his job but also both legs; he had to live on welfare for the rest of his life.
(4) A jury consisting of 12 members voted in unison that Mary was guilty.
(5) Sean felt humiliated to hear his talent being questioned.
2.
George, the son of Mr. Johnson, liked listening to heavy metal music in the evenings, which made it hard for other residents in the community to fall asleep. Eventually the exhausted neighbors lost their patience and decided on direct interference. They called Mr. Johnson to tell him in a frank manner what they were thinking. Mr. Johnson assured them that he would certainly settle the issue. As soon as he put down the phone he scolded his son, “What has come over you? You should know better than to disturb others for your own amusement.” In the end George traded his CD’s for computer games software from his classmates.

Unit4 The Virtual World
Part II Reading Task
Comprehension
Content Question
Pair Work
1. She used to be a television producer, but now she is a writer.
2. She writes and edits articles online, submits them via email, and communicates with colleagues via the Internet, too.
3. She could stay computer-assisted at home for weeks, going out only t get mail, newspapers and groceries.
4. They feel as if they had become one with the computer, and life seems to be unreal.
5. That people who grew used to a virtual life would feel an aversion to outside forms of socializing.
6. She gets overexcited, speaks too much, and interrupts others.
7. She is bad-tempered, easily angered, and attacks everyone in sight, all because she has

long become separated from others and lacks emotional face-to-face exchanges with people.
8. She fights her boyfriend, misinterpreting his intentions because of the lack of emotional cues given by their typed dialogue.
9. Because we rely on co-works for company.
10. She calls people, arrangers to meet the few friends remaining in the City, gets to the gym, arranges interviews for stories, doctor’s appointments---anything to get her out of the house and connected with others.
11. No, she doesn’t feel happy. She feels being face to face is intolerable.
12. She makes her excuses and flees, re-enters her apartment, runs to the computer, clicks on the modem, and disappears into the virtual world again.
Text Organization
Working On Your Own
1.
1. 2-3
2. 1,4-10,13
3. 11
4. 12
2.
The first paragraph describes the consequences of living a virtual life and the last tells of the author’s escape back into it. Together, they bring out the dilemma people at present are in: Because of modern technology, we have a choice between a virtual life and real life, but find both unsatisfactory.
Language Sense Enhancement
1.

(1) routine
(2) for company
(3) unemployment
(4) externally
(5) drug abuse
(6) restore
(7) fled
(8) gym
(9) set apart
(10) appointments

Vocabulary
I
1.

1) conversely
2) but then
3) symptom
4) spitting
5) abusing
6) tone
7) took; in
8) editing
9) have arranged
10) in sight
11) stretched
12) data

2.
1) smoking cigarettes jars on me.
2) find themselves getting sucked in.
3) has arranged for a technician from the computer store to check and repair it.
4) fled their country to avoid military service/fled to other countries to avoid military service.
5) restore people’s confidence in it.
3.
1) the virtual; on line; via
2) nightmare; routine; any appointment; arrange for
3) cue; remarks; his tune
II. Collocation
1. We came here all the way on foot.
2. Private cars are not allowed on campus.
3. They are on vacation in Florida.
4. Mary has been talking to her friend on the phone for an hour.
5. Don’t worry, Lucy is always on time.
6. Industrial demand on fuel is on the rise.
III. Usage
1. hard
2. difficult
3. impossible
4. tough
5. hard
6. easy
Comprehensive Exercises
I. cloze
1.

(1) Internet
(2) click
(3) virtual
(4) routines
(5) arrange
(6) nightmare
(7) annoying
(8) connection
(9) crawls
(10) take in
(11) spit
(12) data
(13) sucked into
(14) At times
(15) flee
(16) on line

2.

(1) companion
(2) deliver
(3) access
(4) enables
(5) customers
(6) delights
(7) provides
(8) small
(9) remote
(10) information

II. Translation
1.
1) Research shows that laughter can bring a lot of health benefits.
2) A slow Internet connection speed is really annoying.
3) As the law stands, helping someone commit suicide is a crime.
4) In her report, Mary tries to interpret the data from a completely different angle.
5) Sue is a girl of grea

t talent. Her amazing memory sets her apart from her classmates.
2.
Perhaps you envy me for being able to work from home on the computer. I agree that the Internet has made my job a lot easier. I can write, submit and edit articles via email, chat with my colleagues on line and discuss work with my boss. With a click of the mouse, I can get all the data I need and keep up with the latest news. But then, communicating through the Net can be frustrating at times. The system may crash. Worse still, without the emotional cues of face-to-face communication, the typed words sometimes seem difficult to interpret.

Unit5 Overcoming Obstacles
Part II Reading Task
Comprehension
Content Question
Pair Work
1. Because the pole was set at 17 feet which was three inches higher than his personal best.
2. Because pole-vaulting combines the grace of a gymnast with the strength of a body builder.
3. His childhood dream was to fly. His mother read him numerous stories about flying when he was growing up.
4. Because he believed in hard work and sweat. His motto: If you want something, work for it!
5. Michael's mother wished he could relax a bit more and be that "free dreaming" little boy. On one occasion she attempted to talk to him and his father about this, but his dad quickly interrupted, smiled and said, "You want something, work for it!"
6. He began a very careful training program.
7. He seemed unaware of the fact that he had just beaten his personal best by three inches. He was very calm.
8. He began to feel nervous when the bar was set at nine inches higher than his personal best.
9. What his mother had taught him about how to deal with tension or anxiety helped him overcome his nervousness.
10. The singing of some distant birds in flight made him associate his final jump with his childhood dream.
11. He could imagine the smile on his mother’s face. He thought his father was probably smiling too, even laughing. However, in fact, his father hugged his wife and cried like a baby in her arms.
12. Because he was blind.
Text Organization
Working On Your Own
1.
Part One: Michael faced the most challenging competition in his pole-vaulting career.
Part Two: Michael’s childhood was marked with dreams and tough training.
Part Three: Michael topped his personal best, won the championship and set a new world record.
2.
(1) It also has the element of flying, and the thought of flying as high as a two-story building is a mere fantasy to anyone watching such an event.
As long as Michael could remember he had always dreamed of flying.
(2) All of Michael’s vaults today seemed to be the reward for his hard work.
Language Sense Enhancement
1.

(1) startled
(2) bale of hay
(3) off
(4) intensity
(5) shaking the tension
(6) tense
(7) description
(8) out of nowhere
(9) pictured
(10) scared

Vocabulary
I
1.

1) startled
2) mere
3) motion
4) sweating
5) stretched out
6) vain
7) On the occasion
8) anxiety
9) emoti

ons
10) ashamed of
11) In my mind’s eye
12) recurring

2.
1) coincides with her husband’s.
2) sends the prices soaring/results in the soaring of prices.
3) of alternate sunshine and rain.
4) have been his lifelong passions, although he studied economics at university.
5) Tension came over her
3.
1) media; dedication to; grace
2) his competitors; in excitement; hug him; congratulate him on
3) emotions; numerous; intensity; passion for
II. Collocation
1. Mike, a Green, made the suggestion that a large park be built near the community.
2. In a letter to his daughter, Mr. Smith expressed his wish that she (should) continue her education to acquire still another degree.
3. There is no reason to hold the belief that humans have no direct moral responsibility to safeguard the welfare of animals.
4. Children need to feel safe about the world they grow up in, and it is unwise to give them the idea that everything they come into contact with might be a threat.
5. Anxiety can result from the notion that life has not treated us fairly.
6. Nobody believed his claim that he was innocent.

III. Words with Multiple Meanings
1. I work out in the gym for one hour every morning.
2. Florence has worked as a cleaner at the factory for five years.
3. The wounded man worked his way across the field on his hands and knees.
4. The safe load for a truck of this type works out at about twenty-five tons.
5. It is difficult to understand how human minds work.
6. To my disappointment, the manager’s plan of promoting the new products doesn’t work at all.
7. The teacher has a lot of experience of working with children who don’t know how to learn.
8. The medicine was like magic, and it worked instantly after you took it.
Comprehensive Exercises
I. cloze
1.

(1) In my mind’s eye
(2) groan
(3) competitor
(4) intensity
(5) anxiety
(6) tense
(7) sweat
(8) tension
(9) soaring
(10) recurring
(11) brought me back to earth
(12) fantasy
(13) sweat
(14) congratulate
(15) number
(16) media

2.

(1) engineer
(2) forget
(3) convinced
(4) how
(5) build
(6) accident
(7) thought
(8) only
(9) sharp
(10) touched
(11) instructions
(12) finally

II. Translation
1.
1) It is the creativity and dedication of the workers and executives that turned the company into a profitable business.
2) The prices of food and medicine have soared in the past three months.
3) We plan to repaint the upper floors of the office building.
4) His success shows that popularity and artistic merit sometimes coincide.
5) I don’t want to see my beloved grandmother lying in a hospital bed and groaning painfully.
2.
Numerous facts bear out the argument/statement/claim that in order to recover speedily from negative emotion, you should allow yourself to cry. You needn’t/don’t have to be ashamed of crying. Anxiety and sorrow can flow out of the body along with tears.
Consider the case of/Take Donna. Her son unfortunately died

in a car accident. The intensity of the blow made her unable to cry. She said, “It was not until two weeks later that I began to cry. And then I felt as if a big stone had been lifted from my shoulders. It was the tears that brought me back to earth and helped me survive the crisis.”

Unit6 Women, Half the Sky
Part II Reading Task
Comprehension
Content Question
Pair Work
1. They liked girly toys such as a miniature kitchen, and Barbies.
2. To convert a gas-guzzling SUV into a hybrid electric vehicle.
3. Because she didn’t know anything about cars and was afraid of being cheated by the mechanic.
4. She was craving independence and wanted to live away from home for some time.
5. It helped her earn six engineering credits, which of course made it easier for her to become an engineering major.
6. Five years.
7. In her view, if you find a subject is difficult to learn, it does not mean you’re not good at it. It just means you have to set your mind and work harder to get good at it.
8. Because he had confidence in her abilities believing she could have done better if she had studied more.
9. No, she wasn’t always confident. She had moments of panic, worried that as a woman she would be unable to understand thermodynamics.
10. She considers it wrong because it is based on a faulty premise.
11. It is flexible and more powerful than we imagine.
12. What she means is not to accept others’ opinions blindly but to use one’s own judgment.
Text Organization
Working On Your Own
1.
Part One: The author describes how she stumbled into engineering.
Part Two: The author writes about how she has overcome obstacles, including the bias against women, on her way to success.
Part Three: The author draws the conclusion that women can do anything men can so long as they believe in their own abilities.
2.
1) she was not a tomboy.
not to an engineering department.
she didn’t know the first thing about engineering.
because she craved independence from her parents.
already earned her six credits in engineering.
2) math and design.
she participated in a national competition to convert an SUV into a hybrid electric vehicle.
work harder at it.
that she should study more.
had to work hard at courses she found difficult, which encouraged her to keep going.
Language Sense Enhancement
1.

(1) limit
(2) denying
(3) favor
(4) others
(5) relevant
(6) translating
(7) hard and fast conclusions
(8) focus
(9) incredibly flexible
(10) consider the possibility

Vocabulary
I
1.

1) cultural/culture
2) indication
3) miniature
4) ironic
5) stumbled into
6) decent
7) buzzing
8) abnormal
9) mechanical
10) Shuddering
11) implied
12) leap

2.
1) convert RMB into US dollars in the foreign exchange office at the airport.
2) didn’t know the first thing about cooking as she looked puzzled as to how to cook rice with the rice cooker.
3) their faulty equipment the team had accomplished some very useful wor

k.
4) allowing me to work flexible hours as long as I work eight hours a day.
5) couldn’t help thinking the book must be quite fascinating.
3.
1) will not panic/feel panic; ’ll be at a disadvantage
2) hybrid; transmissions
3) crave; One indication; to distinguish
II. Synonyms in Context

1. also
2. as well/too
3. too
4. also
5. as well/too
6. too
7. also
8. Also

III. Usage
1. I’ve had enough
2. When I was old enough to work and earn money
3. can’t got enough sleep at night
4. has so far collected enough of them
5. have strong enough arms
6. have just enough money to live on
Comprehensive Exercises
I. cloze
1.

(1) stumbled into
(2) not know the first thing about
(3) mechanical
(4) when it comes to
(5) hybrid
(6) gritted her teeth
(7) premise
(8) at a disadvantage
(9) panic
(10) cultural
(11) flexible
(12) imply

2.

(1) chair
(2) force
(3) secrets
(4) painstaking
(5) recognized
(6) steered
(7) essentially
(8) observations
(9) women
(10) tutor
(11) inspired
(12) unless

II. Translation
1.
1) He is a man of few words, but when it comes to playing computer games, he is far too clever for his classmates.
2) Children who don’t know any better may think these animals are pretty cute and start playing with them.
3) There is no way to obtain a loan, so to buy the new equipment, I’ll just have to grit my teeth and sell my hybrid car.
4) The hunter would not have fired the shots if he had not seen a herd of elephants coming towards his campsite.
5) I find it ironic that Tom has a selective memory---he does not seem to remember painful experiences in the past, particularly those of his own doing.
2.
Nancy Hopkins is a biology professor at MIT. She craves knowledge and works hard. However, as a scientist, she could not help noticing all kinds of indications of gender inequality on campus. Men and women professors did the same work, but when it came to promotion the administrators were rather selective. It was ironic that after so much cultural progress, women were still at a disadvantage in institution of higher education. When her request for more lab space was refused, she knew she had to fight. So she gritted her teeth and complained to the President. The fight ended in victory and Nancy was converted into a gender-equity advocate.

Unit7 Learning about English
Part II Reading Task
Comprehension
Content Question
Pair Work
1. It has borrowed and is still borrowing massively from other languages. Today it has an estimated vocabulary of over one million words.
2. They don’t like borrowing foreign words. They try to ban words from English.
3. Old English or Anglo-Saxon English.
4. The Germanic tribes brought it to the British Isles in the 5th century.
5. They are usually short and direct.
6. They use words derived from Old English.
7. An English judge in India noticed that several words in Sanskrit closely resembled some words in Greek and Latin. A syste

matic study later revealed the Indo-European parent language.
8. Greek, Latin, Sanskrit, English, etc.
9. There were three languages competing for use in England.
10. Words from Greek and Roman classics came into the English language.
11. The great principles of freedom and rights of man were born in England, then the Americans carried them forward.
12. No. English is and has always been the tongue of the common people. There should not be any fence around it to protect its so-called purity.
Text Organization
Working On Your Own
1.
Part One: Massive borrowing from other languages is a major feature of the English language.
Part Two: the history of the English language from the Indo-European parent language to modern English.
Part Three: Tolerance, love of freedom, and respect for the rights of others---these qualities in the English-speaking people explain the richness of their language.
2.
Paras. 10-11: Germanic tribes came to settle in Britain and brought Anglo-Saxon words---Old English.
Para. 12: The Christian religion enriched English with words from Greek and Latin.
Para. 13: the Vikings from Scandinavia came with words from Old Norse.
Para. 14: the Norman Conquest---French influence.
Para. 15: The European renaissance and the printing pressbrought many new words from Latin and Greek.
Para. 16: The American revolution---the emergence of a new variety---Amercan English.
Language Sense Enhancement
1.

(1) judge
(2) resembled
(3) systematic
(4) descended
(5) lost to us
(6) come up with
(7) assume
(8) established
(9) drifted
(10) became known as

Vocabulary
I
1.

1) Strictly speaking
2) drifted
3) resembles
4) invaded
5) is conquered
6) fascinating
7) snack
8) put; into practice
9) source
10) climate
11) surrendered
12) were; aroused

2.
1) an absolute necessity rather than a luxury.
2) is a valuable addition to the football team.
3) will get out of control, if the firemen do not arrive within ten minutes.
4) Alternative but to go via Vancouver to get to Seattle.
5) Declared all beef imports will be banned for the next six months as an emergency measure to stop the spread of mad disease.
3.
1) systematic; have invented; to a very real extent; mysteries
2) to establish; to be modified/modifying
3) tolerance towards; strike out; enrich
II. Synonyms
1.

a) wish
b) wish
c) want
d) want/wish

2.

a) skin
b) hide/skin
c) hide
d) skin
e)
3.

a) raise/rear
b) raise
c) rear/raise
d) raise

4.

a) royal
b) kingly/royal
c) sovereign
d) royal/kingly

III. Usage

1. Indeed
2. though
3. Frankly
4. Moreover
5. To my knowledge
6. however
7. nevertheless
8. Yet
9. instead
10. in other words

Comprehensive Exercises
I. cloze
1.

(1) fascinating
(2) tolerance
(3) invented
(4) addition
(5) ban
(6) corrupt
(7) out of control
(8) influenced
(9) elite
(10) came up with
(11) establishing
(12) Massive
(13) sources
(14) enrich

2.

(1) early
(2) similar
(3) source
(4) observation
(5) examine
(6) features
(7) declared
(8) stronger
(9) accident
(10) sprung

II. Translation
1.
1) Many small businesses have sprung up in the city since the new policy went into effect.
2) On hearing the news, she smiled briefly, and then returned to her habitual frown.
3) He paused for effect, then said: “We can reach/enter these markets through new channels.”
4) The addition of a concert hall to the school will help it nourish young musical talents.
5) We have no way to protect our personal liberties until we have established a sovereign state. / We can’t protect our personal liberties unless we, first of all, establish a sovereign state.
2.
Though how the English language came into existence remains a mystery to many people, linguists believe that English and most other European languages have descended from a common source: the Indo-European parent language. English was first spoken by the Anglo-Saxons who invaded England in the fifth century. They passed onto us the basic vocabulary of English. In over fifteen centuries of its development, English has enriched itself by massive borrowing. As British immigrants landed in America and established the United States as an independent nation, a new variety was added to the English language: American English. Though some people worry that the language is running out of control, many native speakers of English take pride in the tolerance of their language.

Unit8 Protecting Our Environment
Part II Reading Task
Comprehension
Content Question
Pair Work
1. In the midst of prosperous farms and beautiful fields in the central part of America.
2. Foxes, deer, wild flowers and trees, migrant birds, trout and other fishes, etc.
3. The roadsides were beautiful even in winter. Berries and seed heads of dried weeds rose above the snow, and birds came to feed on them.
4. The migrant birds, and fish in the streams and pools.
5. It was clear and cold.
6. They built their houses, sank their wells, built their barns, and lived in perfect harmony with the wild life. The town remained beautiful and full of life for many years.
7. She refers to the shadow of death. Chickens, cattle and sheep began to die of mysterious maladies, people were stricken with strange sickness and some of them died.
8. Spring should be throbbing with life, full of birdsong. “A silent spring” is a lifeless spring.
9. The roadsides are now lined with withered vegetation as though swept by fire.
10. Probably it is the remains of pesticides or other deadly chemicals.
11. Man. All these changes are the result of man’s own work.
12. No. The author is pointing to a real danger. The disasters befalling this imagined town have actually happened here and there, though no single town has experienced all of them. If nothing is done to protect the environment, all American towns will suffer the same fate sooner or later.
Text Organization

Working On Your Own
1.
Part Two: The description of the same town which was now stricken with all kinds of maladies
Part Three: The cause of the maladies
Part Four: Though imagined, the tragedy may well become a reality and the author tells about her purpose in writing the book.
2.
3. A strange blight crept over the area
5. Animals stopped breeding and trees bore no fruit
Language Sense Enhancement
1.

(1) heart
(2) in harmony with
(3) in the midst
(4) prosperous
(5) orchards
(6) drifted
(7) blaze
(8) flickered
(9) barked
(10) mists

Vocabulary
I
1.

1) barking
2) evil
3) brooding; hatched
4) migrant
5) tragedies
6) counterpart
7) are complaining/co-mplain
8) grim
9) flocks; fed on
10) vegetation
11) patches
12) Scores of

2.
1) was lined with people who came to welcome the distinguished foreign guests.
2) the boss silenced all lively conversation in the office.
3) wearing a pair of sun glasses, the famous movie star passed the crowed unnoticed.
4) looked deserted.
5) were stricken by it.
3.
1) patches; came into full bloom; were puzzled; mysterious
2) throbbed with; sickened; migrant; a chorus
3) had crept into; flickered; the stark
II. Word Formation
1.

Compound words
age-old
air force
daughter-in-law
first-rate
greenhouse
half brother
ice-cream
lifelike
light year
salesperson
self-centered
threefold
overuse
stone-still
worldwide
Chinese meaning
古老的
空军
儿媳妇
一流的
温室
同母异父兄弟；同父异母兄弟
冰淇淋
逼真的
光年
售货员；推销员
以自己为中心的，自私的
三倍
过度使用
石头似的一动不动
全世界范围的；在世界范围内

2.

1) poverty-stricken people
2) heart-breaking news
3) newly-built database
4) well-fed kids
5) successful spacewalk
6) peace-loving people
7) need-based scholarships
8) color-blind people

III. Confusable Words

1. lying
2. laid
3. lay
4. lain
5. lie
6. lay
7. lie
8. lay
9. lay
10. lies

Comprehensive Exercises
I. cloze
1.

(1) spell
(2) stricken
(3) misfortunes
(4) surroundings
(5) blossom/bloom
(6) migrant
(7) deserted
(8) silence
(9) sickened
(10) hatch
(11) puzzled
(12) in harmony with

2.

(1) rate
(2) publication
(3) dangerous
(4) banned
(5) export
(6) profit
(7) accept
(8) comprehend
(9) boundaries
(10) ultimately

II. Translation
1.
1) This is a prosperous town, but there is still poverty in the midst of wealth and abundance.
2) The Brown family was stricken with one misfortune after another, but their children never complained.
3) The museum is designed in such a way that it stands in perfect harmony with its surroundings.
4) It was a miracle that these flowers did not wither at all in the blazing sun.
5) Flocks of sheep feed on the patches of vegetation that rise above the winter snow.
2.
This village was once famous for its beautiful natural surroundings. All the year r

ound, the trees were green and the flowers in bloom. Clear streams flowed out of the hills through a checkerboard of rice fields. Birds sang all day, and deer came and went in a leisurely manner. However, with the coming of DDT and other pesticides, an evil spell seemed to have settled over the village. Misfortunes came one after another. Chicken died suddenly, cattle and sheep were stricken by mysterious maladies, and farmers complained about a sickening feeling that puzzled the village doctor. The village square, once throbbing with life, was now deserted.