QuickStudy Medical Terminology Basics
A.Development
Cells - tissues - organs - systems - organism 1.Cells:Major Components
a.Cell membrane
b.Cytoplasm
c.Nucleus 2.Tissues:Primary T ypes
a.Connective
b.Epithelium
c.Muscle
d.Nervous
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/b919094821.html,ans
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/b919094821.html,posed of two or more different tissues
b.Have specific functions
4.Systems:Related organs with common functions
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/b919094821.html,anism:A living person
B.Cavities
A space containing organs 1.Dorsal a.Cranial
b.Vertebral (spinal)2.V entral a.Abdominal b.Pelvic
c.Thoracic
C.Planes
An imaginary flat surface 1.Frontal – anterior/posterior 2.Sagittal – right/left
3.Transverse – upper/lower
D.Positions
A reference point for location or direction.1.Anterior/V entral – front of the body Posterior/Dorsal – back of the body 2.Deep – away from the surface Superficial – on the surface 3.Inferior – situated below Superior – situated above
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/b919094821.html,teral – pertaining to the side
5.Medial – pertaining to the middle
6.Prone – lying face down Supine – lying face up
A.Structure
Most medical words are composed of two or more terms. To define a medical word:?divide the word into its terms ?analyze the terms ?define the word Examples:Pericarditis
peri = around; card = heart; itis = inflammation Inflammation around the heart O ncology
onco = tumor, mass; logy = study of Study of tumors B.Terms
Term + Term (.....+.....) = medical word There are five categories of terms:1.Prefix - beginning of a word (ex., pre ____; post _____)
Designated by a “____” after the term.2.Suffix - ending of a word (ex., _____stomy ; _____itis )
Designated by a “____” before the term.3.Root - foundation/base of a word (ex., hepat ;gastr )
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/b919094821.html,bining vowel - vowel (usually “o”) added to a root (ex., gastro ).
Use a combining vowel when joining:
a.Root to another root (ex., gastrohepatitis )
b.Root to a suffix beginning with a consonant (ex.,cardiomegaly )
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/b919094821.html,bining form - root + vowel (ex., hepat/o ;gastr/o )
Designated by a “/” between the root and the vowel Examples:
Hyperleukocytosis
hyper (prefix) = excessive
leuko (combining form) = white cyt (root) = cell
osis (suffix) = condition of
Definition: condition of excessive white blood cells (leukocytes)Hematotoxic
hemato (combining form) = blood tox (root) = poison
ic (suffix) = pertaining to
Definition: pertaining to blood poisoning
TIPS:
1.Some terms have more than one definition. To determine the correct definition in a particular medical word, analyze the other terms in the word.Example:Poliomyelitis
polio = gray (matter)
myel = spinal cord, bone marrow itis = inflammation
Definition: Inflammation of the gray matter of the
spinal cord. The bone marrow does not have gray matter.2.Some terms may function as a root/combining form in one word and a suffix in another word.Classification depends upon the specific medical word.Examples:Cytology
cyto (combining form) = cell logy (suffix) = study of Definition: Study of cells Erythrocyte
erythro (combining form) = red cyte (suffix) = cell
Definition: Red blood cell
BarCharts,Inc.?WORLD’S #1 ACADEMIC OUTLINE
calor/i heat calorimetry campt/o
bent
camptocormia capsul/o,caps/o capsule, container capsulitis carcin/o cancer
carcinolysis cari/o
caries, rottenness cariogenic -cataphasia affirmation
acataphasia cathar/o,cleansing, purging catharsis cathart/o -cathisia,sitting
acathisia
-kathisia caud/o
tail caudal cavit/o,cav/o hollow, cavity cavitation chem/o chemical, chemistry chemosurgery chron/o time, timing chronobiology clin/o to slope, bend clinocephaly -coimesis sleeping dyscoimesis -coma deep sleep semicoma consci/o awareness, aware unconscious constrict/o narrowing, binding vasoconstriction contus/o to bruise contusion corpor/o body corporeal critic/o crisis, dangerous critical cry/o
cold cryotherapy cyt/o,-cyte cell cytocide dem/o people epidemic desicc/o to dry electrodesiccation dilat/o enlarge,expand vasodilator dolich/o long dolichofacial dolor/o pain dolorogenic dors/o back dorsoventral duct/o to lead conduction dynam/o power, strength dynamometer -dynia pain gastrodynia dys-bad, difficult, painful dysphonia echin/o spiny, prickly echinocyte ectr/o congenital absence ectrogeny ele/o oil eleoma emmetr/o the correct measure, emmetropia proportioned
enanti/o opposite, opposed enantiobiosis equi-equality, equal equilibrium erethism/o irritation erethismic eti/o cause etiology eu-good, normal, well eubiotics -facient to cause, make liquefacient happen febr/i fever febriphobia fil/o,fil/i,thread, threadlike filamentous
filament/o -form
specified shape, form multiform
frig/o,frigid/o cold
frigorism
funct/o performance
dysfunctional gel/o to freeze, congeal gelosis
gemell/o twins
gemellology -gen,gen/o producing, generating pathogen -genesis production, formation neogenesis -genic
produced by, forming
carcinogenic ger/o,geront/o aged, old age geriatrics -grade step
centigrade hapl/o simple, single haploid
heredo-heredity heredoimmunity -hexia condition cachexia hist/o tissue
histoclastic homeo-likeness, constant, homeodynamics
sameness
hydr/o water, hydrogen hydrolysis iatr/o treatment, physician iatrogenic -ician specialist clinician ion/o
ion ionophoresis
TERMS DEFINITIONS WORDS acid/o acid, sour, bitter acidity
acu-needle
acupuncture acu/o,acut/o sharp, severe subacute
adip/o fat adiponecrosis aer/o air, gas
aerophagy agit/o rapidity, restlessness agitophasia -algia pain cephalalgia ambul/o to walk ambulatory anomal/o irregular anomaly anthrac/o coal, carbon, anthracosis carbuncle
anthrop/o man, human being anthropometry antr/o antrum antrotomy aphth/o ulcer aphthosis apic/o apex apicotomy aque/o water
aqueous atmo-steam, vapor atmometer axi/o axis
abaxial bar/o weight, pressure barotrauma bary-heavy, dull, hard baryphonia -basia
walking brachybasia bathy-,batho-deep, depth bathycardia bio-,bi/o life, living
biogenesis blast/o,-blast early embryonic blastocyte stage, immature -calculia
to compute
dyscalculia
THE HUMAN BODY
FOUNDATION OF MEDICAL WORDS
CREDITS
Author:Dr. Corinne B. Linton
This QuickStudy ?reference guide is a comprehensive list of medical terminology. Use it to your advantage in class, dur-ing homework and as a memory refresher while preparing for exams. Reinforce your k nowledge of medical terminology with this convenient guide. This is a powerful study tool that can be quick ly and repeatedly referred to during and well beyond your college years.
NOTE TO STUDENT
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