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专题八 动词的分类和时态 杨晓婷

专题八 动词的分类和时态 杨晓婷
专题八 动词的分类和时态 杨晓婷

专题八动词的分类和时态

知识清单

常考点清单

一、动词的分类

动词包括实义动词、系动词、助动词和情态动词。

㈠实义动词

实义动词是能独立作谓语的动词。按其句法作用可分为及物动词和不及物动词。

1、及物动词

及物动词本身意义不完整,需要接宾语才能使其意思完整。

⑴动词+宾语I like this book very much. 我非常喜欢这本书。

⑵动词+宾语+宾补We call the bird Polly. 我们叫那只鸟Polly。

I saw the children play in the park yesterday. 昨天我看见孩子们在公园玩。

注意:带省略to的不定式或现在分词作宾补的动词有:make,let,have,see,watch,notice,hear 等。

⑶动词+间接宾语+直接宾语Please pass me the salt. 请把盐递给我。

常见带双宾语的动词有:give,bring,buy,get,leave,lend,make,offer,pass,teach,tell,write,read,return等。

2、不及物动词

不及物动词自身意思完整,无需接宾语。如:

Horses run fast. 马跑得快。They work in a factory. 他们在工厂工作。

⑴有些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词。如:

We study English. 我们学习英语。(及物)We study hard. 我们学习努力。?(不及物)

Boys fly kites. 男孩们放风筝。(及物)Birds can fly. 鸟会飞。(不及物)

⑵有些不及物动词与一些别的词搭配在一起构成短语动词,它的作用等于一个及物动词,要注意积累。

①动词+介词

Look at the blackboard. 看黑板Listen to me carefully. 仔细听我讲。

此类动词后面的宾语无论是名词还是代词,都只能放在介词后面,不能放在动词和介词之间。

②动词+副词

He turned off the light when he left. 当他离开时,他把灯关了。

He picked it up and gave it to me. 他把它捡起来,并给了我。

注意:代词作宾语时必须放在动词之后、副词前,当宾语是名次时,放在副词前后均可。

③动词+副词+介词

Let’s go on with the work. 让我们继续这项工作吧!

He gets along well with his classmates. 他与他的同学们相处得很好。

注意:宾语只能放在介词之后。

④动词+名词+介词

He takes pride in doing a job well. 他以做好工作而自豪。

Please pay attention to the phrase in the article. 请注意文章中的词组。

We can make good use of air. 我们可以充分利用空气。

注意:这类词组的名词前可以加形容词作定语,宾语只能放在介词之后。

⑤be +形容词+介词

We are proud of being Chinese. 我们都为时中国人而感到骄傲。

She is satisfied with what I said. 她对我说的话感到满意。

3、延续性动词和非延续性动词

⑴延续性动词表示动作是可持续的,如live,stay,study,work,keep,teach等可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。如:

We have lived in China since 2001. 自从2001年以来,我们一直住在中国。

You can keep the book for two weeks. 你可以借用这本书两周。

⑵非延续性动词表示瞬间动作,动作一经发生便立即结束,如buy,lend,borrow,die,begin,stop,finish,arrive,join,go,come,catch等,非延续性动词不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。如果和表示一段时间的状语两用,就要用其他词代替。如:

He has been here for five days. 他已经到这儿五天了。(这里不能用has arrived here)

The film has been on for ten minutes. 电影已经开始十分钟了。(这里不能用has begun)

㈡系动词

系动词本身有词义,但不能单独作谓语,必须和标语一起构成谓语,说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份。

常见的系动词有:be,become(变得),get(成为,变得),look(看上去),seem(似乎,好像),turn(变得)了,sound(听起来),smell(闻起来),taste(尝起来),feel(感觉),keep(保持),这些词没有被动语态形式,也不用于进行时态。如:

Mr .Wang seems very angry. 王先生好像很生气。This kind of cloth feels soft. 这种布料摸起来很柔软。The flower smells sweet. 这朵花闻起来很香。Now my dream becomes true. 现在我的梦想实现了。You must keep healthy. 你必须保持健康。Her face turns red. 她的脸红了。

㈢助动词

助动词本身无词意或意义不完整,不能单独用作谓语。它必须和别的动词连用,帮助构成各种时态、语态、否定句和疑问句等结构。常用的助动词有be,have,has,do,does,did,will和shall等。

1、助动词be(am,is,are,was,were)

⑴“助动词be+现在分词+构成进行时。如:

The students are having class. 学生们正在上课。

They asked me what I was doing all afternoon. 他们问我整个下午一直在干什么。

⑵“助动词be+过去分词”构成被动语态。如:

The baby was put in bed by his mother. 这个婴儿被他妈妈放在床上。

The invitation was received yesterday. 昨天收到请帖的。

2、助动词have(has ,had)+动词-ed形式,构成完成时。

He has lived in Beijing since he was born. 自从他出生以来,他一直住在北京。

3、助动词do(does,did)用于构成疑问句、倒装句、否定句、加强说话的语气及代替前面刚出现

的动词等。如:

—Do you live in China? 你住在中国吗?—Yes. I do. 是的,我住在中国。

He didn’t go to see the film last Sunday. 上星期天他没去看电影。

Do be quite,children. 孩子们,务必安静点!

Only then did I realize it. 直到那时我才意识到这一点。

4、助动词will和shall用于构成将来时。(shall仅用于第一人称,will可用于各种人称)如:There will be more trees in one hundred years. 一百年后将有更多的树。

I shall be fifteen years old next birthday. 到下一个生日,我就15岁了。

㈣情态动词

情态动词有一定的词义,本身并不表示动作或状态,而仅仅表达说话人的态度。它在句中须和主要动词一起构成谓语。(详见专题十情态动词)

二、动词常见的八种时态

1.一般现在时:谓语动词用原形或第三人称单数。

2.一般过去时:谓语用动词的过去式

3.一般将来时:谓语用will/be going to +动词原形

4.现在进行时:谓语用am/is/are+现在分词

5.现在完成时:谓语用have/has+过去分词

6.过去进行时:谓语用were/was+现在分词

7.过去完成时:谓语用had+过去分词8.过去将来时:谓语用would或was/were going to+动词原形㈠动词的五种基本形式

动词主要用来表示动作、状态和性质,而动作和状态的发生有具体的时间和表现方式,这就是英语中动词的时态。英语中动词的时态由动词的不同形式来表示。

英语中动词的五种基本形式为:动词原形,第三人称单数,现在分词,过去分词和过去式。如:work —works—working—worked—worked。

4、巧记AAA型不规则动词(A代表原形、过去式和过去分词)

击中、受伤、让、吐痰、去掉、花费、读、放、砍

hit hurt let spit rid cost read put cut

㈡动词各种事态的用法

英语中各种时态的使用频率不同,下面分别介绍初中阶段要求掌握的八种时态。

1、一般现在时

⑴一般现在时的构成

一般现在时主要用动词的原形表示,如果主语是第三人称单数,一般在动词原形后加-s或-es 。如:Tom often helps his parents do housework at home.汤姆在家经常帮助父母做家务。

Sometimes Lucy washes her clothes herself.有时候露西亲自洗她的衣服。

⑵一般现在时的用法

①表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态。与often,always,usually,sometimes,once a week,

every day 等表示频度的副词或时间状语连用。如:

I often go to school by bike. 我经常骑自行车去上学。

②表示客观事实或普遍真理。如:The earth goes around the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。

③在时间、条件等状语从句中,用现在时表示将来。如:

If it rains tomorrow,we won’t go to the park. 如果明天下雨,我们就不去公园了。

When I grow up,I will go to American. 等我长大后,我将去美国。

④在某些以here,there开头的句子中用一般现在时表示在发生的动作。如:

There goes the bell. 铃响了。

⑶与一般现在时连用的时间状语

①表示频度的副词always,often,usually,sometimes等。

②on Sundays,on Monday afternoon,every day,in the morning,every year等时间状语。

③once a year,twice a month,three times a week之类的表示频率的词组。

2、一般过去时

⑴一般过去时的构成:一般过去时用动词的过去式表示。

Last week Tom made a model plane with his friend Jack.上周汤姆和他的朋友杰克做了一个飞机模型。

⑵一般过去时的用法

①表示过去某时间发生的动作或存在的状态。如:I got up six this morning.今天早上我六点起的床。We visited the factory last week.上周我们参观了那个工厂。

②表示过去的习惯或经常发生的动作。如:

When I was in the countryside ,I often swam in the river.当我在乡下时,我常常在河里游泳。

③和一般过去时连用的时间状语

last night,yesterday,last week,some years ago,in 1995,in the past,the other day,at that time,just now等。

3、一般将来时

⑴表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态,其构成是will+动词原形,常与表示将来的时间状语连用,如tomorrow,next week,in a few days,next Sunday,in+一段时间,in 2020等,如:

They will leave for Shanghai next week. 他们下周将去上海。

Will you be back in two days?你将在两天后回来吗?

当主语是I或we时,疑问句中一般使用shall,表示征求对方意见。如:

Where shall we meet tomorrow?明天我们在哪里会面?

⑵“be going to +动词原形”表示计划、打算做某事,表示已决定的、很可能发生的事,或由某种迹象表明要发生的事。如:What are you going to do next Sunday?下周日你打算干什么?

Look at the dark clouds. There is going to be a storm.看那些乌云,暴风雨就要来临了。(客观迹象)

注意:在下面几种情况下只可用shall(will)表示将来,而不可用be going to结构。

①表示有礼貌地询问对方是否愿意或表示客气的邀请或命令是。如:

Will you please lend me your bike?请你把自行车借给我用一下好吗?

②表示意愿时。如:We will help him if he asks us.如果他请我们,我们愿意帮助他。

③表示单纯的将来,与人的主观意愿和判断无关时。如:

The sun will rise at 6:30 tomorrow morning.明天早上太阳将在6:30升起。

⑶be doing 表示将来

常用这种结构的动词有go,come,leave,stay,start,begin等,表示即将发生或安排好要做的事情。如:

We are leaving for London. 我们就要动身去伦敦了。She is going there tomorrow. 她明天要去那里。

⑷“be about to+动词原形”和“be to+动词原形”结构表示即将发生的动作。如:

I was about to leave when the phone rang.

我刚要离开,这是电话响了。

⑸用一般现在时表示将来的情况

①表示按规定或时间表预计发生的动作。如:

We’re going to Chagnchun. Our plane takes off at 8:10.我们打算去长春。我们的飞机8:10起飞。

②当主句为一般将来时态时,在if,as soon as,until,when等引导的状语从句中用一般现在时替

代一般将来时。如:If it doesn’t rain this afternoon,we’ll have a football match.如果今天下午不下雨,我们将进行一场足球比赛。

4、现在进行时

⑴现在进行时的构成

现在进行时由“主语+am/is/are+动词的现在分词”构成。

否定形式:主语+am/is/are + not +动词的现在分。词疑问形式:Am/Is/Are+主语+动词的现在分词

肯定回答:Yes,主语+am/is/are.否定回答:No,主语+am/is/are + not.

⑵现在进行时的用法

①表示此时此刻正在进行的动作。如:—What are you doing?你在做什么?

—I am reading English. 我正在读英语。

②表示现阶段正在进行的动作或持续的状态。如:

They are studying hard this term. 他们这学期学习一直很努力。

③go,leave,arrive,start等动词用现在进行时表示将来。如:

I am going to Beijing this Sunday. 本周日我打算去北京。

④当时间状语为now,these days等或当句子中含有look,listen,can you see,can’t you see之类的

暗示词时,要使用现在进行时。但应注意下列这些动词一般不用于现在进行时态的句子中。A. 表示感觉的动词,如see,hear等。 B. 表示喜欢或厌恶的动词,如like,love,hate等。

C. 表示希望的动词,如want,would like等。

D. 表示状态的动词,如be等。

E. 表示归属的动词,如have等。

F. 表示思维、知识或理解能力的动词,如know,forget等。

5、现在完成时

基本结构:主语+have/has+动词的过去分词

⑴表示过去发生的或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成影响或结果。如:

—Have you had your lunch yet?你吃过午饭了吗?

—Yes,I have. I’ve just had it. 是的,我刚吃过。(说明现在饱了。)

I have lost my pen. 我把钢笔弄丢了。(过去某事丢的,现在还没有找到。)

I have already watched the TV play. 我已经看过这部电视剧了。

—Have you found your lost pen yet?—No. I have n’t found it yet.

——你找到丢失的钢笔了吗?——没,我还没有找到。

注意:already,yet常和现在完成时连用,already用于肯定句,可放在助动词之后、过去分词之前,也可放在句末。yet用在疑问句中意为“已经”,用在否定句中表示“还”,常放在句末。

⑵表示动作或状态在过去已经开始,持续到现在,也许还要持续下午,常和for,since连用,表示持续的动作或状态,多为延续性动作。如:

We have lived here since 2000.

自从2000年以来我们一直住在这里。(说明一直住在这里,也许还会住下去。)

⑶几个副词在现在完成时中的用法。

①just意为“刚刚”,表示动作刚刚结束,常放在助动词与过去分词之间。如:

He has just come back from Beijing. 他刚从北京回来。

②ever意为“曾经”,用于疑问句或否定句中,放在助动词与过去分词之间。如:

Have you ever been to Shanghai? 你去过上海吗?

③never意为“从来没有”,常与before连用,多放在助动词与过去分词之间。如:

I have never traveled by plane before. 我以前从来没有乘飞机旅行过。

④before意为“以前”,指过去不确定的某个时间,总是放在句末,不受句型的限制。如:

I haven’t beard of it before. 我以前从来没有听说过这件事。

⑤since+时间点,for+时间段I have been in Beijing for two years. 我在北京两年了。

⑷延续性动词与非延续性动词的用法

①现在完成时表示动作从过去某个时候开始一直持续到现在,与一段时间连用时应注意句中的谓语动词应是延续性动词,非延续性动词不可和一段时间连用。如:

我离开这所学校已八年了。误:I’ve left this school for eight years.

正:I’ve been away from this school for eight years.

他借用我的词典已两天了。误:He has borrowed my dictionary for two days.

正:He has kept my dictionary for two days.

不过,在否定句中非延续性动词可与一段时间连用。如:

I haven’t gone to see him for several months.我已经好几个月没去看他了。

②非延续性动词与一段时间连用时可采用下列三种方法:

b、将时间状语改为过去时间,并用一般过去时代替现在完成时。

c、用句型“it is+一段时间+since从句(从句中的谓语动词用非延续性动词的一半过去式)”表示。如:I t is two years since the old man died.这个老人死了两年了。

6、过去进行时

⑴表示过去某一时刻或过去一段时间内正在进行的动作。常和表示过去的时间状语then,at that time,this time yesterday,at ten yesterday等连用,或用另一动作来表示过去的时间。如:

—What were you doing at nine last night?—I was watching TV at that time.

——昨天晚上九点你正在干什么?——那时我正在看电视。

He was reading when I came in. 当我进来时,他正在读书。

I was doing my homework while my parents were watching TV.当我父母看电视的时候,我正在做作业。

⑵过去进行时常和always等时间副词连用,表示过去频繁发生的习惯性动作,此时的过去进行时带有一定的感情色彩。如:Alice was always changing her mind.艾丽丝总是在改变主意。

⑶注意在含有when或while引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句过去进行时的运用:

①主句中的动作先于从句中的动作发生,且进行的时间较长时,主句用过去进行时(从句常用一般过去时)

②从句中的动作先于主句中的动作发生,且进行的时间较长时,从句用过去进行时(主句用一般过去时)

③若主、从句动作开始的时间不存在先后关系(即同时发生)或无所谓先后时,主从句可同时使用过去进行时,此时的时间状语从句一般由while来引导。

7、过去完成时

过去完成时指的是到过去某个时间已经完成的动作或状态。概括地说即是表示“过去的过去”。过去完成时的动词形式为:had+动词的过去分词。过去完成时在句中使用时一般有一个或暗含一个发生在过去的动作与其相比较,使用过去完成时的动词动作发生在该过去的动作之前。

与过去完成时连用的时间状语有:by last week,by the end of last year等。如:

She had left by the time I arrived.我到达以前,她已经离开了。

He had lived in Shanghai for ten years before he came here.在他来这之前,他已在上海住了十年了。

Li Lei died yesterday. He had been a good friend of mine.李雷昨天去世了。他是我一个好朋友。

8、过去将来时

⑴表示从过去某一时间看将来发生的动作或存在的状态。常用在宾语从句中,由“would+动词原形”构成。如:

He said he would buy some fruit for his sister.他说他要给他妹妹买些水果。

He asked when the meeting would end.他问回忆什么时候结束。

⑵表示曾经打算或准备要做的动作,用were/was going to + 动词原形。如:

I thought it was going to rain soon. 我想马上就要下雨了。

They were going to start a new job when I saw them then.

当我见到他们时,他们正打算开始新的工作。

⑶go,come,leave,arrive,start等动词,其过去进行时表示过去按计划即将发生的动作。如:

He said he was coming this evening.他说他今天晚上来。

易混点清单

一、易混词及词组

1、used to do sth.和be used to doing sth.

be used to doing sth.表示习惯做某事,to后的动词用-ing形式;used to do sth.表示过去常常做某事。如:I’m used to getting up early. 我习惯早起。

I used to get up at six in the morning. 我过去经常在早上;六点起床。

注意:be used to do sth. 被用来做什么。如:

Pens are used to write. 钢笔被用来写字。

2、arrive,get和reach表示“到达”时的区别

arrive in+大地点,arrive at +小地点,get to +地点名词,reach是及物动词,后边直接跟地点名词。如:We arrived at the village at five in the afternoon.我们下午五点到达那个村庄。

When did you arrive in Beijing?你们是何时到北京的啊?

How do you usually get to school?你通常怎样到学校?

When she reached the office,the teacher was having a short rest. 当她到达办公室时,老师正在休息。

3、borrow,lend,keep

borrow“借”,为终止性动作,表示主语“借入”某物,常用短语borrow sth. from sb.;

lend“借”,为终止性动作,表示主语“借出”某物,常用短语lend sth. to sb.;

keep“保存,借”,为持续性动词,表示“时间长地借”。如:

I borrowed a book from the school library yesterday.昨天我从校图书馆借了一本书。

Could you lend your pen to me?你能把你的钢笔借给我吗?

How long can we keep the book?我们能借这本书多久?

4、dress,put on,wear

dress sb.给某人穿衣服,dress sb. up大班某人;put on穿上,戴上,表动作;wear穿着,戴着,表状态,与“be in”同义。如:The boy dressed himself quickly. 男孩快速地穿上衣服。

Mother dressed her baby in a red skirt. 母亲给婴儿穿上红裙子。

The lady dressed herself up and went to the party.这位女士穿上盛装去参加聚会了。

Jim put on his coat and went out.吉姆穿上大衣出去了。

Lily is wearing a red skirt today.莉莉今天穿着一条红裙子。

5、see,look,watch,read

see看见,表结果;look看,表动作,不及物动词,后面须加介词at才能跟宾语;watch看(比赛,电视);read看书、报,表示阅读。如:

I can see an apple on the table. Look,there is a kite flying in the sky.

Watching TV too much is bad for your health. Mother told her son to see the door.

Don’t read books in the sun.

6、bring,take,carry,fetch

bring意为“带来,拿来”,表示“拿到靠近说话者的地方”;take意为“拿走,带走”,表示“拿到

远离说话者的地方”;carry意为“扛,搬”,用力移动,没有方向性;fetch意为“去取,去拿”,表示往返拿物。如:

Please take the books to the classroom. Remember to bring your homework to school tomorrow.

The bag is very heavy. Please carry it to my office. Don’t worry. I can fetch the key.

7、die,dead,death,dying

die意为“死”,是不及物动词非延续性动词;dead意为“死的”,是形容词,表状态;death意为“死”,是名词;dying意为“垂死的,要死的”,是形容词。如:

Her grandfather died last year. 她的祖父去年死了。

Her grandfather has been dead for two years. 她的祖父死了两年了。

His death was great loss to China. 他的死对中国是一个极大的损失。

The poor old man was dying. 那个可怜的老人快死了。

8、speak,say,talk,tell

speak作为及物动词时接表示语言的名词或指在会议上发言;say常跟直接引语或间接引语,并且表示说的内容;talk是不及物动词,常跟介词to或with,意为“同某人谈话”,也表示具有说话能力;tell意为“告诉”,并常与story连用,意为“讲故事”。

9、spend,take,pay

spend指花费时间或金钱,后接on sth. 或(in)doing sth.;cost用物作主语,意为“值多少钱”;take 可用固定句型傲视花费时间,其结构为:It+takes+sb.+时间+to do sth.;pay与介词for连用。

10、look for,find 两个词都有“找”的意思。look for强调寻找的过程;而find强调找的结果。

11、listen to,hear

listen to和hear都有“听”的意思。listen为不及物动词,与to组成固定搭配,强调听的动作;hear 强调听的结果。

12、hung,hanged

两个词同为hang的过去式和过去分词,hung意为“悬挂”;而hanged意为“绞死”。

13、lose,fail,beat,win

Lose意为“输给某人”,固定搭配为lose to sb.;fail指“失败”或“未未做成某事”;beat意为“打败”,后接sb.或某支队伍;win意为“赢得”,如赢得荣誉、地位、比赛等。

14、lose,forget,leave

lose意为“丢失,失去”;forget意为“忘记”,忘记做某事为forget to do sth.;“leave sth.+地点”意为“把某物落在某处”。

15、think of,think about,thing over

think of意为“想到……”;think about意为“考虑”,宾语it或them置后;think over意为“仔细考虑”,宾语it或them放在中间,一般指考虑问题。

16、join,take part in,attend

三个词都有“参加”的意思。join一般指加入“党派”或“组织”,如参军、入党等;take part in指参加聚会或活动;attend一般只出席会议。

17、turn,get,grow,become

turn一般用于颜色的变化,如turn red/yellow;天变黑要用get或grow;天气变暖或变冷用become 或get;天变长或变短一般用get。

二、动词的时态

1、现在完成时与一般过去时的区别

⑴侧重点不同:现在完成时是与现在有关的时态,属现在时态范畴,它侧重于过去的动作对现在造成的影响。而一般过去时是过去时态,侧重于表达过去的动作,与现在无关。如:

Yesterday I went to the zoo.昨天我去了动物园。(仅说明昨天去了动物园,与现在无关。)

Li Lei has read the book.李磊已看过那本书。(说明李磊了解那本书的内容。)

⑵连用的时间状语不同:与现在完成时连用的时间状语有already,yet,still,just,so far,in the

last/past……,before,ever,never,since引出的时间,for引出的时间等。而一般过去时则常与ago,yesterday,last…,in 2000,just now等连用。

注意:现在完成时态不可与yesterday,last week,two days ago之类的过去时间状语连用。如:Have you ever picked flowers or stepped on the grass in a park?你们曾在公园里摘过花或踩过草地吗?Father bought that watch ten years ago.爸爸十年前买了那块手表。

I have never seen the film before.我从前从没看过这部电影。

2、have been to,have gone to和have been in三种结构的区别

have been to,have gone to和have been in是现在完成时的三个非常常见的结构。它们的用法有很大的差异。have been to表示“过去曾去过某地”,说话时已从该地回来或已从该地去了其他地方,总之现在已不在该地。have gone to则表示“已去了某地”,说话时不在说话地点,或在去该地的途中,或已到了该地,总之现在还未回来。have been in表示“已在某地(待了很久)”,若该地为小地方,则in需要at代替,当后面跟副词时只用have been,其后不可用任何介词。如:

Jim has gone to London with his family.吉姆已和他的家人去了伦敦。

Have you been to Beijing before?你以前去过北京吗?

The Greens have been in China for two years.格林一家在中国已两年了。

Li Lei’s aunt has been this school for ten years.李雷的婶婶已在这个学校十年了。

The Greens are in China now. They have been here for half a year.

格林一家现在在中国,他们在这儿已半年了。

3、一般过去时和过去进行时的区别

一般来说,如果强调过去某个时候或某段时间曾有过某个(已完成的)动作时应用一般过去时;而如果强调动作在过去某个时候或某段时间内正在进行(是否完成不明确)时则应用过去进行时。

英语动词重要分类及用法说明

英语动词重要分类及用法说明 ■及物动词与不及物动词 根据后面是否带宾语,行为动词又可分为及物动词和不及物动词,及物动词(vt)后面要跟宾语,不及物动词(vi)不跟宾语。如: They study hard. 他们勤奋学习。(study后没有宾语,是不及物动词) I know them well. 我很了解他们。(know后有宾语them,是及物动词) 注:有的动词既可作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词。如: She sings very well. 她唱得很好。(sing是不及物动词) She sang an English song just now. 她刚才唱了一首英文歌。(sing是及物动词) ■动态动词和静态动词 根据词义特点,行为动词可分为动态动词和静态动词。动态动词表示动作,如give, take, work, run等;静态动词表示感觉、情感、内心世界、相互关系等,如know, live, lie, exist, be, have, mean, seem, appear, sound, prove, concerns, hate, dislike, like, love, prefer, surprise, astonish, satisfy, contain, include, matter depend on, belong to, guess, suppose,imagine, believe, doubt, admire, envy等。 ■延续性动词和非延续性动词 根据动作是否延续,行为动词又分为延续性动词和非延续性动词。如rain, live, work, learn等是延续性动词,go, come, leave, start, arrive, join, finish, end等是非延续性动词。 注:非延续性动词在肯定句中通常不与表示时间段连用的for短语连用。如: [译]他离开这里三天了。 [误]He has left here for three days. [正]He has been away from here for three days. [正]He left here three days ago. [正]It’s three days since he left. ■限定动词与非限定动词 限定动词在句中作谓语,有人称和数的变化。非限定动词有动词不定式、动名词和分词三

常见的八种英语时态详解

常见的八种英语时态详解 时态(Tense)是表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。因此,当我们说时态结构的时候,指的是相应时态下的动词形式。英语时态分为16种 1. 一般现在时 基本结构:①be动词am/is/are;②行为动词原形或单数第三人称。 否定形式:① am /is /are +________;②此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加_________,如主语为第三人称单数,则用___________,同时还原行为动词。 一般疑问句:①把be动词放于句首;②用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,用does,同时,还原行为动词。 提示词:always , everyday , often , once a week (month , year , etc.) , sometimes , seldom , usually 1) 描述当前时间内经常出现、反复发生的动作或存在的状态。 She doesn't often write to her family, only once a month. It seldom rains here .这儿很少下雨。 2)仅为了描述状态、性质、特征、能力等等。

这里的目的是为了"描述现阶段的动作或状态",其重点"不是强调动作发生的时间、或进行的状态"。例如: He can speak five foreign languages . Changjiang River is one of the longest rivers in the world. 3) 陈述客观事实、客观真理。 The earth goes around the sun .地球绕着太阳转。 4) 根据英文语法规定,当主句的谓语动词是一般将来时,那么时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将来要发生的动作。例如: I'll tell him the news when he comes back. 他回来时,我将告诉他这个消息。 If you take the job , they will talk with you in greater details. 5)现在时的特殊用法:一般现在时表过去 1. 用于某些动词(tell, say, hear, learn, gather等)表示不确定的过去时间。如: I hear that he got married last month. 我听说他上个月结婚了。 Mary says you told her to come over here. 玛丽说是你让她到这儿来的。 2. 当要陈述一个客观事实时,有时即使有过去时间状语也可用一般现在时。如: The story is set in the summer of 1937. 故事的背景是1937年夏天。 The story begins in the year 1937. 故事开始于1937年。 练习 1)He always _____ ( get)up early. 2)Mary often ______(do)some shopping on Sundays 3).I’ll go with you as soon as I_______(finish)my homework. 4)If he _______(come) here, I will tell you 5)The earth ________( move) round the sun.

八年级英语上期末复习:动词时态专题

初二英语上期末复习:动词时态专题 本册书出现了几个主要的动词时态的用法,动词时态是英语学习中十分重要的内容。现将本册书出现的时态用法总结归纳如下: 一、现在完成时 (一)现在完成时的用法 1. 表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,重点强调对现在造成的结果或影响。此种用法中的动词一般为终止性动词(也称非延续性动词),常与just, ever, never, yet, already, before等副词连用。 例如: I have already seen the film. 我已经看过那部电影了。(说明已知道内容,或不想再看了) She has just closed the door. 她刚把门关上。(说明门现在是关着的) 先将几个副词的用法说明如下: 1) already的意思是“已经”。通常用于肯定句中,可放在助动词have/has之后,也可放在句末。在表示惊讶等的疑问句中也可用already。 例如: Have you seen the film already? 你真的看过这部电影吗? 2) yet用于疑问句的意思是“已经”,用在否定句的意思是“还”,常位于句末。 just的意思是“刚刚”,表示动作刚刚完成,用于现在完成时,位于助动词have/has之后。要注意与just now的区别:just now的意思是“刚才”,用于一般过去时。 例如: The train has just left here. 火车刚刚离开这儿。 The train left here just now. 火车刚才离开这儿。 3) ever 的意思是“曾经”,多用于疑问句中,一般位于过去分词之前。 例如: Have you ever seen him? 你曾经见过他吗? never 的意思是“从来没有”,常用在助动词之后。 例如: I have never heard of him.

初中英语语法知识—动词时态的分类汇编及答案(5)

一、选择题 1.If Tina _____ at home tomorrow, I _____ her. A.is staying, will visit B.stays, will visit C.will stay, visit 2.Miss Brown, we ______ cleaning our classroom. Can we go home now? A.finish B.finishing C.are finished D.have finished 3.—Mom, can you teach me how to pronounce the words? —Wait a minute. I ________. A.am cooking B.cook C.cooked D.will cook 4.Monica, you ______ the exam! Congratulation! A.pass B.have passed C.will pass D.are passing 5.It’s 4:00 p.m. The students _____ in the pool. A.swim B.swam C.swims D.are swimming 6.— Morning, Mike! Did you sleep well last night? — Yes. I went to bed at 9:30 because there ______ a math test this afternoon. A.was B.will be C.is going to have 7.—I called you at three yesterday afternoon, but yo u weren’t in. —I ________ a meeting at that time. A.had B.was having C.have had D.would have 8.—Have you written a litter to your brother? —Yes, I have. I________one last Sunday. A.was writing B.wrote C.have written 9.The Great Wall (长城) ________ long and it ________ a long history (历史). A.has; is B.is; is C.is; has D.have; has 10.—Where are you going, Bob? —To go hiking. Eric____________ for me at the school gate! A.was waiting B.waits C.waited D.is waiting 11.My mother when I got home yesterday. A.will cook B.cooks C.has cooked D.was cooking 12.Becky took a photo of her friends while they _________ computer games. A.play B.are playing C.were playing D.have played 13.Nick's brother________the navy in 2011and ________the navy since then. A.joined; has joined B.joined in; has joined in C.joined in; has been in D.joined; has been in 14.----Can you tell me how long you_______ the Huawei mobile phone,Mr. Zhang.

动词的形式和分类

动词学案 Class:Name: ◆Teaching Aims: ★To learn the classifications of the verbs. ★To master their usage through cooperation and exploration. ◆Teaching Procedures: 一、动词的分类 1. 实义动词 实义动词时能独立作谓语的动词。根据动词在句子中是否可以接宾语,可以把实义动词分为 __________动词和_________动词两种类型。按其持续性可分为_____________动词和___________动词。(1)及物动词 及物动词本身意义不完整,需要接宾语才能使其意思完整。 ①动词+宾语 My brother is ________ ______ ________(fly)on the playground. ②动词+宾语+宾补 The teacher made his students___________(happiness) by doing some games. 翻译:We call English teacher Zhang Sir. ____________________________________________________ 注意:带省略to的不定式或现在分词作宾补的动词有:make, let, see, watch, notice, hear等。 ③动词+双宾语 My mother gives me a new bike. 注意:有些间接宾语(人)放在直接宾语(事物)之后时,间接宾语前要加to。常用的此类词有bring、give、hand、pass、pay、post、return、sell、show、teach、tell、throw、lend等。 Hand me that book, please. = Hand____________________________________. 有些间接宾语(人)放在直接宾语(事物)之后时,间接宾语前要加for。常用的此类词有buy、choose、cook、draw、book、find、get、make、order等。 My mom bought me a nice backpack. = My mom________________________________________. (2)不及物动词 不及物动词一般不可以接宾语,但是有些不及物动词与一些介词、副词等词搭配在一起构成短语动词,它的作用等于一个及物动词。请在横线上加上适当的介词! ①We arrived______ the station at five. ②He turned _______ the light when he left. ③He takes pride_______ doing a job well. 注意:有些动词既可作及物动词也可作不及物动词。常用的此类动词有turn、open、close、start、change、drive、play、meet、win、study等。 The girl turned her head and smiled. 这个女孩子转过头笑一笑。

英语八种时态讲解

英语八种时态讲解-CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1

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