Module 3My First Ride on a Train2014高一必修一英语
Module 3My First Ride on a Train
1．expert /′eksp??t/n．专家
2．event /I′vent/n．事件
in the event of＝in the event that sth.happens如果发生……；万一
in that event＝in that case；if that happens如果是那样的话；如果那种事情发生
at all events＝in any event＝in any case不管怎样，无论如何
夯实基础
用affair，matter，business，event的适当形式填空
(1)The Foreign Office handles international ______.
(2)He makes it his __________ to look after the deserted old man，which earns our respect.
(3)Being a little late is one thing，but 2 hours late is quite a different _________--
(4)A daughter’s marriage is quite an ____________ for a father.
3．ceremony /′ser?m?ni/n．仪式
4．distance /′dIst?ns/n．距离→distant adj.遥远的
at a disdtance in the distance
5．abandoned /?′b?nd?nd/adj.被遗弃的→abandon v t.遗弃；放弃
6．product /′pr?d?kt/n．产品→produce v．生产；制造→production n．生产
7．scenery /′si?n?ri/n．风景；景色→scene n．场景；景色；现场
8．shoot /?u?t/v t.射杀→shot n．射击；射手；注射
shoot at sb./sth.只是客观地表示“向……射击或开枪”，而shoot sb./sth.则表示“打中”或“打死”
这一结果。
He shot at the bird，but missed it.
He was shot three times in the leg.
夯实基础
(1)They ______________(朝……射击) innocent people last night.
(2)The bird was lucky that it missed______________(射中)．
9．journey /′d???ni/n．旅程→trip n．旅程(短途)
10．train /treIn/v t.训练→training n．训练；培养；培训
11．frighten /′fraItn/v t.使吃惊；惊吓→frightening adj.令人恐惧的→frightened adj.受惊吓的frighten sb./sth.away/off把某人(物)吓走
frighten sb.into/out of doing sth.吓唬某人做/不做某事
be frightened to do...吓得不敢做……
be frightened of...害怕……
夯实基础
语法填空
(1)He frightened the old lady__________ signing the paper.
(2)He threatened the intruders with a gun and frightened them ________
(3)They’re frightened ______ losing power.
12．interview /′Int??vju?/n．面试；面谈→interviewer n．(面试时的)主考官；面谈者→interviewee n．参加面试者；被采访者
ask for an interview 求见
interview sb.about sth.就某事采访(会见)某人
be interviewed for a job求职受面试
特别提醒
interview用作名词时，可以指参加面试或接受面试；用作动词时，它通常指对应试者进行“面试”，而不是应试者去接受“面试”，所以下面一句用了被动语态：I was interviewed for a job last week.上个星期我为申请一个职位去面试了。
夯实基础
翻译句子
(1)你参加哪个职位的面试？
(2)这个网站为你提供大学面试的窍门。
13．exhausted /I ɡ′z ??stId/ adj .疲惫不堪的→exhaust v t .使精疲力竭；耗尽(资源、体力等
)
1．The old tree comes from a _________ village.(distance)
2．_________ the tiger is her job in the circus.(train)
3．He was very_________ at the sight of the snake.(frighten)
4．Which _________ _________ you ，the man or the woman ？(interview)
5．The child was found _________ but unharmed.(abandon)
6．It is her duty to report the international _________ (事件)in time.
7．They are planning to go _________ (市中心) on weekends.
8．When travelling ，sometimes you are persuaded to buy too many _________ (纪念品)．
9．Would you like to come up and visit my _________ (公寓)?
10．He is an _________ (专家) at driving a car.
重点短语：
1．get on /off 上/下(车、船等) 2．get into 上(车)；进入，陷入；习惯于……
3．get out of 下(车)；从……出去；逃避 4．be short for 是……的缩写/简称 5．at a speed of 以……的速度
6．take off(飞机)起飞；变得成功；脱掉(衣服) 7．not...any more 不再 8．out of date 过时
9．refer to 指的是；查阅；涉及；提到 10．more than 多于，不仅仅
重点句型：
1．Where do you think most of the people live ，in the central part of the country or on the coast?
2．We saw abandoned farms which were built more than a hundred years ago.
(1)The trees _______________ in the storm have been moved off the road.(blow down)
(2)Can those _______at the back of the classroom hear me ？(seat)
(3)It is one of the funniest things _______ on the Internet so far this year.(find)
3．Camels were much better than horses for travelling a long distance.
4．I remember the day my father tried to teach me how to ride a bicycle.
5．Travelling at a speed of over 400 kilometres per hour ，the train can complete the 30-kilometre journey
in eight minutes.
take up 拿起；接受；开始；继续；占用；从事
take in 吸收；接纳；欺骗；领会 take down 拆除；写下 take on 呈现；雇用；承担 take over 接管；承袭
take...into consideration/account 把……考虑进去
I. 单项填空
1．The president spoke at the business meeting for nearly an hour without________his notes.
A．bringing up B．referring to
C．looking for D．trying on
2．If we sit in________front of the bus, we'll have________better view.
A．/；the B．/；a
C．the；a D．the；the
3．Some youngsters know what to________at the university.They have made up their minds about their future.
A．take in B．take up
C．take off D．take over
4．—I haven't heard from Henry for a long time.
—What do you suppose________to him?
A．was happening B．to happen
C．has happened D．had happened
5．________role Zhao Wei played in the film Hua Mulan！No wonder she has won an Ornamental Column Award(华表奖)．
A．How interesting a B．How an interesting
C．What interesting D．What interesting a
6．After his journey from abroad, Richard returned home，________．
A．exhausting B．exhausted
C．being exhausted D．having exhausted
7．He was________at the sight of the________that the earthquake caused.
A．frightened and shocked；destroy
B．frightened and shocked；damage
C．frightening and shocking；ruin
D．frightening and shocking；harm
8．You can see the ancient ruins________a distance of 10 miles.
A．in B．at C．by D．to
9．Having found many of her clothes_______，she decided to buy some in fashion on the Internet.
A．out of work B．out of place
C．out of control D．out of date
10．________terrible weather it was when tsunami and earthquakes happened in Indonesia.
A．How B．How a C．What D．What a
11．________it is to sit down and have a good chat with your close friends!
A．What great funny B．What a great fun
12．—Which________will you enter for in the sports meeting?
—I’m considering.It’s hard to choose from.
A．affairs B．events
C．competitions D．sports
13．He made another wonderful discovery，________of great importance.
A．which I think is B．I think which is
C．which I think it is D．which I think it
14．Near the window was a________table，with four small chairs surrounding it.
A．small wooden round B．round wooden small
C．small round wooden D．wooden small round
15．From the address________on the envelope，we see that the letter is from America.
A．marking B．marked
C．to be marked D．having marked
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Before India gained its freedom，many Westerners were extremely shocked by its poverty and so they came to serve here.A special girl called Agnes Goxa Bojaxiu was among them，who is today known as Mother Teresa.
Agnes was born on August 27,1910 and was just 19 years old when she came to Calcutta on January
6,1929.And she never left this country.Her aim in life was to serve the sick and the poor and she dedicated(献身)her full life to this purpose.She would walk around the dangerous，dark and dirty streets of Calcutta at night，offering food to the sick and shelter to the poor.When she first arrived in Calcutta，she had little money on her and was helped by a priest.
Through her efforts she managed to open several institutions to help the downtrodden(受欺压的)and the mentally and physically challenged children.She had a thousand institutions working under her.Mother Teresa was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1979 and the Bharat Ratna in 1980.Besides these she also received the Jawaharlal Nehru Award for International Peace(1972)，Ramon Magsaysay Award(1962)and the Templeton Foundation Award(1973)．
Despite all the public acclaim(赞誉)，national and international honors，Mother Teresa remained humble，kind and generous till the end.She passed away in September 1997.
1．Where was Agnes Goxa Bojaxiu probably born?
A．In a Southern Asian country.
B．In a Western Asian country.
C．In a European country.
D．In an African country.
2．About how long did Mother Teresa work in India?
A．About 38 years. B．About 43 years.
C．Nearly 50 years. D．Nearly 69 years.
3．Mother Teresa was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize mainly because .
A．she helped to nurse many patients back to health
B．she dedicated her life to fighting poverty in India
C．she was always kind and generous to the others
D．she started many projects to help the others
4．Which of the following happened first?
A．Mother Teresa received the Ramon Magsaysay Award.
B．Mother Teresa received the Jawaharlal Nehru Award.
C．Mother Teresa was awarded the Bharat Ratna.
D．Mother Teresa received the Templeton Foundation Award.
III. 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Maybe you are an average student.You probably think you will never be a top student.This is not necessarily so, however.Anyone can become a better student if he or she wants to.Here's how：__1__When planning your work, you should make a list of things that you have to do.After making this list, you should make a schedule of your time.First your time for eating, sleeping, dressing, etc.Then decide a good, regular time for studying.__2__A weekly schedule may not solve all your problems, but it will force you to realize what is happening to your time.
Find a good place to study.Look around the house for a good study area.Keep this space, which may be a desk or simply a corner of your room, free of everything but study materials.No games, radios, or television.When you sit down to study, concentrate on the subject.
Make good use of your time in class.__3__Listening carefully in class means less work later.Taking notes will help you remember what the teacher says.
Study regularly.When you get home from school, go over your notes, review the important points that your teacher is going to discuss the next day, read that material.__4__If you do these things regularly, the material will become more meaningful, and you'll remember it longer.
Develop a good attitude towards tests.The purpose of a test is to show what you have learned about a subject.They help you remember your new knowledge.The world won't end if you don't pass a test, so don't be over-worried.
__5__You will probably discover them after you have tried these.
A．There are other methods that might help you with your studying.
B．Don't forget to set aside enough time for entertainment.
C．Take advantage of class time to listen to everything the teacher says.
D．No one can become a top student unless he or she works hard.
E．Plan your time carefully.
F．Make full use of class time to take notes of what the teacher says in class.
G．This will help you understand the next class.
Ⅰ.教材活用——根据课文内容完成下面的短文
Alice Thompson is a girl from Sydney，Australia.She had her first long-distance train 1._______(ride) at the age of 18.Together 2._______ a friend，she got on the famous Ghan train in Sydney and got off in Alice Springs.During the two days and nights，they ate meals 3._______ (cook) by experts and saw fields，desert and 4._______ (abandon) farms.In the daytime，Alice talked to other passengers and read some books.At night，she watched the stars in the sky 5._______shone like diamonds.
6．_______ is the train called the Ghan？7._______ is short for Afghanistan.A long time ago，Australians wanted to travel to the middle of their country，so they brought some camels from Afghanistan
8._______(carry) food and other supplies，and returned with wool and other products.They did that until
9._______1920s，when the government built a new railway line and took the place 10._______ the camels. Ⅳ.短文改错
When it came to city and country life，I think they all have their own advantages and disadvantages.
For city life，you know，the traffic is too convenient that you can arrange your life flexible and easily.At the same time，there are many great opportunity for you when looking for jobs.Also，there is no doubt the quality of life is fantastic.Fortunately，living in cities，you will suffer much stress and heavy air pollution.
For country life，as we all know it，the life is peaceful and the environment is beautiful，which is both good for your health.However，it is inconvenient for people to go out.Besides，the communication is easy.
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第6章汽车行驶平顺性检测 6.1 行驶平顺性的评价指标及影响因素 知识目标 1.理解汽车行驶平顺性的评价指标 2.掌握汽车通过性影响因素。 能力目标 会对车辆的平顺性做出正确的评价 导入案例 有些人乘坐化油器普通桑塔纳轿车会感到头晕、呕吐现象；为什么？其主要原因是与汽车的行驶性能与平顺性能有关，即与地面因素有关也与底盘的固有频率有关，普通桑塔纳的固有振动频率与行使的平顺性要求不合适，也即是底盘的设计存在的因素。 6.1.1 汽车行驶平顺性的评价指标 汽车在行驶时对路面不平度的隔振特性，称为汽车行驶平顺性。汽车是由几个具有固有振动频率的系统组成，这些系统包括各车轮和各弹性元件及悬架弹簧等组成；它们之间互相有一定程度的联系。汽车在不平路面上行驶时，会激起汽车的振动；当这种振动达到一定程度时，使乘员感到疲劳和不舒服，或使货物损坏。同时还会引起汽车增加附加载荷，加速汽车有关零件的磨损，缩短汽车的使用寿命。所以，汽车行驶平顺性就是保持汽车在行驶过程中乘员所处的振动环境具有一定的舒适性能；对载货汽车还包括保持货物完好的性能。 汽车行驶平顺性的评价与人体对汽车行驶振动密切相关，它不但受汽车振动频率与强度、振动作用的方向和时间影响；而且又受人的心理、生理状态的影响。所以评价和衡量汽车行驶平顺性是非常困难和复杂的。常用的汽车平顺性评价指标有两种：客观物理量的评价指标和主观感觉评价。 1.汽车行驶平顺性客观物理量评价 ⑴振动加速度振动加速度对平顺性影响很大。人体在不同的振动频率下，能承受的加速度不同。振动的强度采用加速度均方根值表示。国际标准协会提出的ISO2631标准是根据人体对不同方向、不同频率、不同振动强度机械振动的反应制定出三个评定界限，它们分别是： 舒适性降低界限：超过此界限会降低舒适性。 疲劳——工效降低极限：降低工作效率的界限，此界限与保持工作效率有关。 暴露极限：该极限为人体可以承受振动量的上限。 ⑵我国试行标准我国参照ISO2631制订了GB／T4970—1985、GB T5902—1986标准评价汽车行驶平顺性。GB/T4970—1985规定以疲劳——工效降低界限和舒适性降低界限为人体承受振动能力的主要评价指标。其中，轿车和客车用舒适性降低界限评价，货车用疲劳——工效降低界限，并对检测条件和车速做出相应规定。GB／T5902—1986规定以坐垫上和座椅底部地板振动加速度的最大值作为评价指标。 ⑶用车身的固有振动频率评价固有振动频率是指弹性系统由于偶然的干扰而离开
现在分词做宾语补足语
现在分词做宾语补足语 现在分词在句子中可用作宾语补足语，其结构为： 主语+谓语+宾语+现在分词(即宾语补足语)。使用此结构要特别注意： 句子中的宾语和宾语补足语在逻辑上是主动关系，并不是所有的动词都可以跟宾语加现在分词作宾语补足语。掌握现在分词作宾语补足语的结构要注意下面的五点。 一、感官动词+宾语+现在分词，现在分词做宾语补足语，表示动作正在进行。例如： He saw her working in the garden.他看见她正在花园里干活。 分析： “He”在句子中做主语，“saw”作谓语，“her”作宾语，划线部分在句子中作宾语补足语。请看下面的句子，working in the garden宾语补足语。 I heard a bell ring.我听见铃在响。 I could feel the wind blowing on my face.我能感觉到风吹着我的脸。 高中范围内，适用于“感官动词+宾语+现在分词”的结构，现在分词作宾语补足语常用的动词有： feel，find，hear，notice，observe，see，watch等。 在listen to和look at后面也可跟宾语+现在分词(即宾语补足语)。例如： Sometimes she would listen to him playing the saxophone.有时她会听他吹奏萨克斯管。 She looked at him waiting there.她瞧着他等在那里。 二、使役动词+宾语+现在分词，现在分词在句子中作宾语补足语。例如： His question has set me thinking.他的问题让我深思。
汽车行驶平顺性建模与仿真
《物流系统建模与仿真》结课论文汽车行驶平顺性建模与仿真 学院：研究生学院 专业班级：机械工程1402班 学生姓名：剑江湖 时间：2015 年5月18 日
摘要 通过分析汽车振动源和人体对振动的反应, 用模态综合技术, 建立了十三自由度人-椅-车系统的动力学模型, 运用随机振动理论, 给出了振动形态、传递函数、悬架动挠度、车轮动载荷、座椅加速度等参量的计算方法, 开发了一套“ 汽车平顺性仿真软件” 并利用已有的汽车数据, 对汽车行驶时的振动特性进行了仿真, 得到了重要结论: 发动机与轮胎刚度、阻尼, 后桥阻尼对驾驶员座椅处的振动影响不大; 驾驶员座椅的垂直刚度增加很大时, 对垂直方向振动响应比较大; 前桥刚度、阻尼对驾驶员座椅处的振动影响较大; 前轮胎刚度对前桥振动影响较大, 前轮胎刚度增加, 则振动加强;后桥刚度对汽车平顺性有一定影响, 后桥刚度减小, 则座椅处垂直加速度减小. 利用该模型可对汽车行驶平顺性进行预测或评估. 关键词: 汽车; 平顺性; 建模; 仿真
Abstract From the analysis of automobile vibration sources and the human responses to vibration , a mechanic model of man -chair -vehicle system with 13 degrees of freedom is built by vibration pattern analyzing technology .Using the random vibration theory , the calculating methods are developed for parameters , including vibration pattern , transfer function , wheel transient load , and acceleration of seat , automobile ride quality simulation software is developed . With available data of motor , the simulation calculating results about vibration character istics are given ,and important conclusions drawn are as follows : the stiffness and damping of the generator and wheel tire and the damping of back -axis have not much effect on the vibration of the seat ; Vertical stiffness of driver ' s seat has much effect on the vibration as it gets larger ; The stiffness and damping of fore-axis have much effect on the vibration of driver seat . The stiffness of the fore tires has much effect on the vibration of the fore-axis . The vibration increases with the stiffness of fore -tire increasing , The stiffness of back-axis has some effect on the automobile ride quality .As the stiffness of back-axis decreased , the acceleration of the driver ′ s seat decreases . With this simulation software , automobile ride quality can be predicted or evaluated . Key words : Automobile ; ride quality ; model ; simulation
朗文交互英语第二级leveltest答案
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(完整版)英语宾语补足语用法详解
Contents 英语宾语补足语用法详解 (2) 一、概念 (2) 二、何时用现在分词、何时用过去分词作主语(宾语)补足语 (2) 三、可以用分词作主语或宾语补足语的动词 (3) 典例精析： (4)
英语宾语补足语用法详解 一、概念 分词作主语补足语和宾语补足语其实是同一成分用于两种不同的句式中。具体地说，主动态句子中的宾语补足语就是被动态句子中的主语补足语。先了解宾语补足语，则很容易了解主语补足语。 宾语补足语：在英语中，某些及物动词不仅需要宾语，而且还要求某个词或词组来补充说明宾语，即表示宾语代表的人或物所发出的动作或所处的状态，这个词或短语称为宾语补足语。有些语法书把宾语和补足语称为复合宾语。 句型：及物动词+宾语(n./pron.)+宾语补足语(n./adj./adv./to do/-ing/-ed/介词短语共7种表示法) 该句型若变成被动语态，即将宾语提到句首作主语，原主动语态中的宾语补足语此时在被动语态中起到补充说明主语的作用，所以改称主语补足语。例如： A cook will be immediately fired if he is found smoking in the kitchen. 此句中smoking是主语he的补足语，所以称为主语补足语。 二、何时用现在分词、何时用过去分词作主语(宾语)补足语 分词作主语(宾语)补足语时，若主语(宾语)与分词之间是主动关系，则用现在分词表示主动； 如果主语(宾语)与分词之间是被动关系，则用过去分词表示被动。例如： He was heard singing in the next room. He was singing.主语he与补足语“唱歌”之间是主动关系，故用现在分词singing。 One of the glasses was found broken. One of the glasses was broken.主语one of the glasses与补足语“打破”之间是被动关系，故用过去分词broken。 Don‘t leave the water running while you brush your teeth.
影响汽车平顺性的主要因素
影响汽车平顺性的主要因素 汽车振动系统本身和路面输入的复杂性决定了影响汽车平顺性的因素很多。下面从结构与使用两个因素做出分析。 (一)结构因索 汽车是一个由多质量组成的复杂振动系统，为便于分析，需要进 行简化。一般情况下，汽车可视为由彼此相联系的悬架质量和非悬架 质最所组成。悬架质量M主要由悬架弹簧上的车身、车架及其上的总 成所组成。非悬架质最m主要由悬架弹簧下的车轮和车轴组成，由此 形成由车身和车轮组成的双质最振动系统，如图I一13所示。而且实 际上从振动角度看，由于存在前、后车轮两个路面输入。这就决定汽 车有垂直和俯仰两个自由度振动，从而导致汽车纵轴线上任一点的垂 直振动不同。下面定性分析结构因索对汽车平顺性的影响。 (1)悬架弹性的影响。悬架弹性对车身振动频率起着决定性的作用。悬架上的载荷与其变型之间的关系称为弹型元件的弹性特性。如果悬架的刚度是常数，则其变形与所受载荷成正比，这种悬架称为线性悬架，一般钢板弹簧、螺旋弹簧悬架均属此类。采用线性悬架的汽车往往不能满足汽车平顺性的要求，使用中．汽车的有效载荷变化较大(特别是公共汽车和载货汽车)，会出现空载时振动频率较高或满载振动频率较低的现象。为了改善这种情况，现代汽车多采用非线性悬架(也称变剐度悬架)，即其刚度可随栽荷的变化而变化。如采用空气弹簧、空气液力弹簧和橡胶弹簧等具有非线性特性的弹性元件，或增设副簧、复合弹簧。 (2)悬架阻尼的影响。为了衰减车身的自由振动并抑制车身和车轮的共振，以减小车身的垂直振动加速度和车轮的振幅(防止车轮跳离地面)，悬架系统中应具有适当的阻尼。悬架的阻尼主要来自于减振器、钢板弹簧叶片和轮胎变形时橡胶分子间的摩擦等。钢板弹簧悬架系统中的干摩擦较大，而且钢板弹簧叶片数目越多，摩擦越大，故有的汽车采用钢板弹簧悬架时可以不装减振器，但弹簧摩擦阻尼的数值很不稳定．钢板生锈阻力力过大，不易控制。而采用其他内摩擦很小的弹性元件(如螺旋弹簧、扭杆弹簧等)的悬架，必须采用减振器，以吸收振动能量而使振动迅速衰减。为使减振器阻尼效果好，又不传递大的冲击力，常把压缩行程的阻力和伸张行程的阻力取的不同。压缩行程取较小的相对阻尼系数，在伸张行程取较大的相对阻尼系数。有的减振器压缩时无阻尼而只在伸张行程时有阻尼，具有这种阻尼特性的减振器称为单向作用减振器。而在压缩、伸张两行程中均有阻尼作用的减振器称为双向作用减振器。 采用减振器不仅可以提高汽车的平顺性，而且还可以增加悬架的角刚度，改善车轮与道路的接触情况。防止车轮跳离地面，因而能改善汽车的稳定性、提高汽车的行驶安全性。改善减振器的性能对提高汽车在不平道路上的行驶速度有很好的作用。悬架系统的干摩擦可使悬架的弹性部分或全部被锁住，使汽车只在轮胎上发生振动，因而增加振动频率且使路面冲击容易传给车身。为减少钢板弹簧叶片叫的摩擦，叶片间应加润滑脂或摩擦村垫，结构上采用少片弹簧。 （3）主动悬架与半主动悬架。一般悬架由弹簧和减振器组成，其特性参数(悬架刚度K 和阻尼系数c)是在一定条件下进行优化确定的。这种悬架的特性参数一旦选定便无法更改，称为被动悬架。其缺点是不能适应使用工况(如载荷变化引起的悬架质量变化，车速和路况所决定的路面输入等)的变化进行控制调整．无法满足汽车较高性能的要求。
过去分词作宾语补足语
过去分词作宾语补足语 概念引入 上个单元我们学习了过去分词作表语和定语的用法。现在我们继续学习过去分词作宾语补足语。看这些句子： 1. Now when people refer to England you find Wales included as well. 2. Finally the English government tried in the early twentieth century to form the United Kingdom by getting Ireland connected in the same peaceful government. 3. You find most of the population settled in the south. 4. They found the window broken. 5. ..., so Pingyu had a photo taken standing on either side of the line. 这些句子中的黑体部分都是过去分词作宾语补足语。 用法讲解 宾语补足语是同学们学习英语的一个小难点，许多同学都弄不清到底什么是宾语补足语，它的作用是什么，所以我们今天就从宾语补足语讲起，重点讲解过去分词作宾语补足语的内容。 什么是宾语补足语 英语中一些动词除需要一个宾语外，还需有宾语补足语句子意义才完整，这样就构成了英语的六种基本句型（见【补充】）中的“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”句型。宾语与宾语补足语之间在逻辑上是主谓关系。可作补足语的结构有名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词-ing形式、过去分词、不定式等。宾语和其宾语补足语也被称为复合结构。 1. 作补足语的词语： 1）We consider him (to be) a good teacher. 我们认为他是一个好老师。 （名词短语作宾语补足语，相当于省略了to be） 2）I find learning English difficult. 我发现学英语很难。 （形容词作宾语补足语） 3）I saw the kite up and down. 我看见风筝飞上飞下。 （副词作宾语补足语） 4）When he woke up, he found himself in a strange place. 他醒来时发现自己在一个陌生的地方。 （介词短语作宾语补足语） 5）Tom made the girl cry. 汤姆把女孩弄哭了。 (省略不定式符号to的动词不定式） 6）The father found his son playing in his room. 父亲发现儿子在房间里玩。 （动词-ing形式做宾语补足语） 7）The soft music makes us relaxed. 这首柔美的音乐使我们放松了。 （过去分词作宾语补足语）
第六章 汽车行驶的平顺性
第六章汽车行驶的平顺性 6.1 平顺性的评价 汽车行驶平顺性，是指汽车在一般行驶速度范围内行驶时，能保证乘员不会因车身振动而引起不舒服和疲劳的感觉，以及保持所运货物完整无损的性能。由于行驶平顺性主要是根据乘员的舒适程度来评价，又称为乘坐舒适性。 汽车作为一个复杂的多质量振动系统，其车身通过悬架的弹性元件与车桥连接，而车桥又通过弹性轮胎与道路接触，其它如发动机、驾驶室等也是以橡胶垫固定于车架上。在激振力作用(如道路不平而引起的冲击和加速、减速时的惯性力等)以及发动机振动与传动轴等振动时，系统将发生复杂的振动。这种振动对乘员的生理反应和所运货物的完整性，均会产生不利的影响；乘员也会因为必须调整身体姿势，加剧产生疲劳的趋势。 车身振动频率较低，共振区通常在低频范围内。为了保证汽车具有良好的平顺性，应使引起车身共振的行驶速度尽可能地远离汽车行驶的常用速度。在坏路上，汽车的允许行驶速度受动力性的影响不大，主要取决于行驶平顺性，而被迫降低汽车行车速度。其次，振动产生的动载荷，会加速零件磨损乃至引起损坏。此外，振动还会消耗能量，使燃料经济性变坏。因此，减少汽车本身的振动，不仅关系到乘坐的舒适和所运货物的完整，而且关系到汽车的运输生产率、燃料经济性、使用寿命和工作可靠性等。 汽车行驶平顺性的评价方法，通常是根据人体对振动的生理反应及对保持货物完整性的影响来制订的，并用振动的物理量，如频率、振幅、加速度、加速度变化率等作为行驶平顺性的评价指标。 目前，常用汽车车身振动的固有频率和振动加速度评价汽车的行驶平顺性。试验表明，为了保持汽车具有良好的行驶平顺性，车身振动的固有频率应为人体所习惯的步行时，身体上、下运动的频率。它约为60～85次/ 分(1H Z ～1.6H Z )，振动加速度极限值为0.2～0.3g。为了保证所运输货物的
第6章 汽车平顺性范文
第6章汽车的平顺性 学习目标 通过本章的学习，要求掌握汽车行驶平顺性的评价指标和人体对振动反应的感觉界限；掌握汽车振动系统的简化方法，并能正确分析车身振动的单质量系统模型；了解汽车通过性的影响因素。 汽车行驶平顺性，是指汽车在一般行驶速度范围内行驶时，避免因汽车在行驶过程中所产生的振动和冲击，使人感到不舒服、疲劳，甚至损害健康，或者使货物损坏的性能。由于行驶平顺性主要是根据乘员的舒适程度来评价，所以又称为乘坐舒适性。 汽车是一个复杂的多质量振动系统，其车身通过悬架的弹性元件与车桥连接，而车桥又通过弹性轮胎与道路接触，其他如发动机、驾驶室等，也是以橡皮垫固定于车架上。由于道路不平而引起的冲击和加速、减速时的惯性力，以及发动机与传动轴振动等产生的激振力作用于车辆系统，将使系统发生复杂的振动，对乘员的生理反应和所运货物的完整性，均会产生不利的影响。在坏路上，汽车的允许行驶速度受动力性的影响不大，主要取决于行驶平顺性；而因坏路被迫降低行车速度，因而使汽车的平均技术速度减低，运输生产率下降。其次，振动产生的动载荷，加速了零件的磨损，乃至引起损坏，降低了汽车的使用寿命。此外，振动还引起能量的消耗，使燃料经济性变差。因此，减少汽车本身的振动，不仅关系到乘坐的舒适和所运货物的完整，而且关系到汽车的运输生产率、燃料经济性、使用寿命和工作可靠性等方面。 6.1节人体对振动的反应和平顺性的评价 6.1.1 汽车行驶平顺性的评价指标 汽车行驶平顺性的评价方法，通常是根据人体对振动的生理反应，以及对保持货物完整性的影响制定的，并用振动的物理量，如频率、振幅、加速度等作为行驶平顺性的评价指标。 目前常用汽车车身振动的固有频率和振动加速度均方根值，评价汽车的行驶平顺性。试验表明，为了保持汽车具有良好的行驶平顺性，车身振动的固有频率应为人体所习惯的步行时，身体上、下运动的频率，它约为60～80次／min(1～1.6Hz),振动加速度的极限值为0.2g～0.3g。为了保证运输货物的完整性，车身振动加速度也不宜过大。如果车身加速度达到1g,没有经固定的货物，就有可能离开车厢底板。所以，车身振动加速度的极限值应低于0.6g～0.7g。 6.1.2 人体对振动的反应 70年代，国际标准化组织（ISO）在综合大量有关人体全身振动的研究工作和文献的基础上，订出了国际标准IS02631—1978E《人体承受全身振动的评价指南》，这样在人承受全身振动的评价方面才有了国际通用性标准。该标准用加速度的均方根值给出了在1～80Hz 振动频率范围内人体对振动反应的三个不同的感觉界限。它们分别是暴露极限、疲劳降低工作效率界限和舒适降低界限。 6.1.2.1 暴露极限
不定式与现在分词作宾语补足语的用法浅析
20XX年中学测试 中 学 试 题 试 卷 科目： 年级： 考点： 监考老师： 日期：
不定式与现在分词作宾语补足语的用法浅析 一、不定式和其短语做宾语补足语 不定式和其短语做宾语补足语，主要强调动作的全过程或一次性的动作。例如： a. I asked him to come here. b. Did you see anyone come into the room? c. I think him to be a good teacher. d. Please tell her to wait for me at the school gat e. 能用不定式或不定式短语作宾语补足语动词两种情况，一种是接带to不定式作宾语补足语的动词，一种是接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词。 1．常见的接带to的定式作宾语补足语的动词：tell, ask,want, teach,allow, drive, expect, invite, love, hate, like, prefer, would like等。其否定形式在不定式前加not。 例如： a. My mother often tells me to study hard at school. b. Mr. Zhang asked us not to play too many computer games at home. c. I want you to teach me how to use a computer. 2．常见的接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词主要是一些表示感觉的动词和表示“使”、“让”的动词，表示事情全过程或一次性动作。它们主要有： 一感：fell 二听：hear, listen to 三让：let, make, have 四看：see, watch, notice, observe 半帮助: help help sb. to do / do sth. 例如：a. Did you hear me sing a song last night? b. I saw him come into the room yesterday. c. Please let me help you clean / to clean the windows. d. Oh, please don’t make the baby cry again. 注意：含不带to的不定式作宾语补足语的句子变成被动语态时，要把to加上，即不可省掉to，例如： a. I heard her sing yesterday. —— She was heard to sing yesterday by me. b. He made me laugh. —— I was made to laugh by him. 二、现在分词或现在分词短语作宾语补足语 现在分词或现在分词短语作宾语补足语，表示宾语补足语是一个正在进行和发生的动作，具有一定的描述性。例如： a. Did you hear me singing an English song at this time last night? b. I saw him watching TV when I came back from school yesterday. c.When Edison’s father came into the room, he saw Edison sitting on some eggs. d. Who makes the baby crying?
朗文交互英语第四级B2完整答案
Video Listening cbca she is/N/angry/he doesn’t cbca p/Jackie’s/B W can’t/she will Vocabulary don’t come/r/c/s/don’t let don’t be/t/s/a/don’t stop keep the change/to the/back/it down/going/out of/quiet/your shirt/us gussing/me posted Speaking aacb Grammar 11121 122 occurred/was traveling/turned/didn't stop/changed/was talking/hit/arrived/treated t/n/s/t/h/s/the her to look/not to order/her to be/her not to worry/her to tell her/not to leave/her not to tell/Amy to trust her who wants/who score/that have/that has/that makes/who is who is/who work/that has/that leaves/who is/who own/that was/who was Pronunciation 21221 22112 21121 12121 Reading FFT Hectic/moderate/relief/excessive/advice/reduce/confirmed/tropical Cacb ReviewQuiz: bab//bac//how/had/m/w//bcba//bac//bac//abbca//acabb//aab//bab//cccb//
朗文交互英语答案
1. Talia used to work Newsline. 2. Amy takes journalism classes, but she used to take 3. Josh never used to drink OR didn't use to drink OR did not use to drink 4. Nick used to live 5. John used to play 6.Newsline used to be OR used to be on 7. Nick never used to go OR didn't use to go OR did not use to go club, but now he goes almost every day. 8. Nick and Talia used to be 1. Where is it? Brian: I have an interview at The Gower Building. Do you know where it is? Ana: I think it's near here, but I'm not really sure. 2. What should I wear? Brian: I don't know what I should wear. Ana: A suit is always good. 3. What time does she get to the office?
Tomas: I need to speak to Ms. Miller. Can you tell me what time she gets to the office? Jen: Ms. Miller? She's usually at her desk at 8:30. 4. How much do they cost? Andre: Those are nice shoes. I wonder how much they cost. Todd: I don't know, but they look expensive. 5. Who took this photograph of us? Tyler: Can you remember who took this photograph of us? Mindy: It was John. 6. Why did Mark move? Sonya: I'd like to know why Mark moved. Derek: Because he got a great job offer in Centerville. 7. How many people did Josh invite to his party? Lauren: Do you know how many people Josh invited to his party? Amy: I think there were about thirty people there.