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2008年普通高等学校夏季招生考试综合能力测试(文科使用)(上海卷)

2008年普通高等学校夏季招生考试综合能力测试(文科使用)(上海卷)
2008年普通高等学校夏季招生考试综合能力测试(文科使用)(上海卷)

2008年普通高等学校夏季招生考试综合能力测试(文科使用)(上海卷)

(总分:33 考试时间:24分钟)

一、选择题 ( 本大题共 6 题, 共计 18 分)

1、(3分)

人口老龄化是社会进步、生活质量提高的结果。世界上一般以老年人口(即65岁及其以上)占总人口的7%以上称为老龄化。右图是我国部分省级行政区老年人口比重的示意图,图中已经进入老龄化的有()

数字为老年人口占总人口的比重(%)

A.2个

B.3个

C.4个

D.5个

2、(3分)

下图为某地12个月的气候资料,图中的点代表各月的气温及降水值,下列国家中,具有该图所示气候类型的是()

A.中国

B.美国

C.印度

D.巴西

3、(3分)

今年1月底因受灾害影响,我国不少地方的煤炭和电力供应紧张。面对能源状况的严峻形势,山西的煤炭生产受到高度关注,原因是()

①山西省是我国煤炭产量最多的省份

②我国的发电厂都是用煤作为燃料来发电的

③煤炭在我国能源结构中居第一位

④我国煤炭分布不均,北多南少、东多西少

A.①③

B.②④

C.①②

D.③④

4、(3分)

各种运输方式有不同的特点及其适用的范围。在时间紧迫的情况下,要把人员和急需物品运往偏远的地区,首选的运输方式是()

A.铁路运输

B.公路运输

C.水路运输

D.航空运输

5、(3分)

等温线图能显示一个区域气温分布的状况。下列四幅等温线图中,显示该区域气温随纬度变化而变化的是()

6、(3分)

陆地上的水在不断流动,互相转换。下图中(图①②是河流横断面,虚线为潜水位)正确反映河流洪水期水体之间补给情况的是()

A.①③

B.①④

C.②③

D.②④

二、非选择题 ( 本大题共 1 题, 共计 15 分)

1、(15分)

今年2月28日,中国首次大学生北极考察队从北京出发,前往挪威斯瓦尔巴群岛进行为期半个月的考察。

考察期间获得的资料

材料一:“冰雪之都”奥斯陆以前2月的平均气温是-2 ℃,而今年2月的极端最低气温仅-2~-3 ℃;去年的几个星期,从挪威海域通过北冰洋,再到白令海峡,出现的无冰地带,比前些年同期宽了不少。

材料二:北极上空存在臭氧洞,科学家预测未来15~20年臭氧洞还将扩大。

材料三:北极熊的栖息地日益缩小;冰鸥、贼鸥等极地动物在近20年中数量锐减;北极熊体内积累的多氯联苯等物质使其免疫力、繁育能力每况愈下。在考察期间队员们没有见到一只北极熊。

(1)写出图中数字所代表的国家名①_________________,②________________。

(2)考察队乘飞机到达奥斯陆的当地时间为2月28日20时20分,此刻北京时间(120°E的地方时)是2月29日3时20分。根据经度相差1°,地方时相差4分钟,则当地时间应是___________________(经度)的地方时。

(3)3月2日考察队到达北极圈内的特罗姆瑟,该市每年约有2个月的极夜与2个月的极昼。在考察的半个月中,特罗姆瑟市的昼夜情况是()

A.处于极夜时期

B.处于极昼时期

C.白天逐渐变长

D.黑夜逐渐变长

(4)黄河站是我国在北极地区的第一个科学考察站。黄河站位于特罗姆瑟市的______________方向。这里寒风凛冽,风向大多为______________________。

(5)北极上空臭氧洞的出现,会使地球上的生物更容易受到_________________的伤害。臭氧洞出现在大气垂直分层中的_________________层。

(6)北极熊的数量明显减少,造成这种现象的原因有()

①全球气候变暖造成其生存环境恶化

②海水变得越来越咸导致其饮用水源缺乏

③有毒的污染物通过食物链富集危害其健康

④考察人员使用的交通工具产生的噪声危害其生存

A.①②

B.③④

C.②④

D.①③

(7)根据资料,考察队获取的全球变暖的证据是________________;________________。

(8)为了应对全球变暖,1997年《京都议定书》提出要减少二氧化碳的排放量;2001年《波恩协议》又提出可以用增加森林植被量来抵消二氧化碳排放指标,提出这项决定的依据是

_____________________。

2008年普通高等学校夏季招生考试综合能力测试(文科使用)(上海卷)

(总分:33 考试时间:24分钟)

一、选择题 ( 本大题共 6 题, 共计 18 分)

1、(3分) B

解析:在图中,相邻两条线之间数值相差2,江苏、上海、广东三省的老龄人口在8%以上,其他各省都在6%(包括6%)以下。

2、(3分) B

解析:根据图示信息可知,冬季温和多雨,夏季炎热干燥,可判定该气候属于北半球的地中海气候;题中所涉及的四个国家中,只有美国有地中海气候分布。

3、(3分) A

解析:山西的煤炭储量和产量都居全国第一位,所产煤炭主要供应我国东部和南方地区;我国的能源消费结构以煤炭为主,占能源消费的65%以上,所以能源紧张时,首先关注的是能源大省山西的煤炭产量;我国的电力以火电为主,但水电、风力发电等都占有一定比例;我国的煤炭分布不均,总体上是北多南少,西多东少。

4、(3分) D

解析:根据题干信息,时间紧迫,运送的对象是人员和急需物品,目的地比较偏远,一是说明运输距离长,二是说明铁路、公路等交通不便,综合分析应选择航空运输。

5、(3分) C

解析:气温随纬度变化意味着等温线大致和纬线平行,即等温线呈东西分布,气温呈南北变化。比较四幅图,只有C项符合这一特点;A项气温数值从东南向西北递增,B项气温从西南向东北递增,说明A、B两区域既受纬度因素影响,也受其他因素的影响;D项等温线从中心向四周递减,主要受盆地地形的影响。

6、(3分) A

解析:河流处于洪水期最明显的标志是水位高于两侧的潜水面或高于湖泊的水面,河流水补给地下水或补给湖泊水;图中的①③属于上述情况。

二、非选择题 ( 本大题共 1 题, 共计 15 分)

1、(15分) (1)挪威俄罗斯

(2)15°E

(3)C

(4)西北东北或东

(5)紫外线平流

(6)D

(7)气温升高海冰减少,出现无冰地带

(8)绿色植物在光合作用时吸收二氧化碳

解析:(1)根据经纬度位置和海陆轮廓,不难判断①是挪威,②是俄罗斯。

(2)根据题中信息,得出两地的时间相差7小时,经度相差105°,奥斯陆位于北京(120°E)以西,所以奥斯陆的地理经度应为15°E。

(3)该地有两个月的极昼和极夜,分别处在6月22日前后的1个月和12月22日前后的1个月;因该区域位于北半球,冬至日至夏至日期间,昼逐渐变长,所以3月2日前后该市的昼长应逐渐变长。

(4)该区域位于北半球高纬地区,离北极越近,越位于偏北方向;北极附近,逆时针方向为向东的方向,根据这个原则不难判断黄河站位于该市的西北方向。因此处位于极地附近,根据气压带、风带的分布规律,该地位于极地东风带,具体说是极地东北风带。

(5)臭氧层主要分布在平流层,臭氧主要的作用是吸收太阳辐射中的紫外线。

(6)全球气候变暖,极地冰川融化,使北极熊失去原有的生存环境;另外,根据题干信息,污染物通过食物在体内富集,威胁了北极熊的生存。

(7)根据题干信息,该区域气温明显升高,海洋冰融化减少,出现无冰地带。

(8)因为绿色植物具有光合作用,能够通过绿色植物的叶绿素,吸收二氧化碳,释放出氧气。

2020普通高等学校招生全国统一考试模拟卷

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