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虚拟语气的完整用法

虚拟语气的完整用法
虚拟语气的完整用法

关于虚拟语气的完整用法

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关于虚拟语气的完整用法

第一类

编辑

虚拟语气在条件句中的用法:

条件句有真实条件句和虚拟条件句两种。真实条件句所表示的假设是有可能发生的,此时主句不用虚拟语气;而虚拟条件句则表示一种假想,与事实相反或不大可能会发生,此时用虚拟语气。如:

IfI have time,I will go. 假若我有时间,我就去。(陈述语气) If Iwere you,

I would go. 假若我是你,我就去。(虚拟语气)

时态类型主句谓语形式

条件句的谓语

形式

例句

与现在事实相反would/should/could/might+

V原形

动词过去式d

id

*be多用we

re

1. If Iwere you, I shoul

d study English.

2. I would certainly go i

f I hadtime.

与过去事实相反would/should/could/mig

ht + havedone

动词过去完成

had done

1.If you had taken my ad

vice, you would nothav

e failed in the test.

2.If Ihad left alittl

e earlier, Iwouldhave

caught thetrain.

与将来事实相反would/should/could/might+

V原形

①动词过去式

②should+

V原

③were + t

o do

1.If you came tomorrow,

we would havethe mee

ting.①

2.Ifitwereto rain

tomorrow,the meeting

would be putoff.③

*规律总结:从句都往过去推一个时态,如:与现在相反的if从句就用过去时;与过去相反用过去完成时(即过去的过去)

注:特别说明

1、l would/should/could/might主句谓语中的should主要用于第一人称后;would表示结果还表示过去经常常常做某事,might表示可能性,could表示能力、允许或可能性。比较:

If youtried again ,you wouldsucceed. 要是你再试一试,你就会成功的。(would表结果)

If you tried again,youmight succeed.要是你再试一试,你可能会成功的。(might表可能)

If youtried again,you couldsucceed.要是你再试一试,你就能成功了。(could表能力)

2、错综时间虚拟条件句即条件从句与主句所指时间不一致,如从句指过去,而主句即指的是现在或将来,此时应根据具体的语境情况,结合上面提到的三种基本类型对时态作相应的调整:

If it had rainedlast night, the ground would bewetnow. 要是昨晚下过

雨的话,现在地面就会是湿的。

You would be much better now if you had taken my advice. 假若你当

时听我的话,你现在就会好多了。

3、If虚拟条件句的否定(含蓄条件句)常考两个句型:Ifitweren’tfor…和If ithadn’t been for…,其意为“若不是(有)”“要不是”。如:

Ifit weren’t forwater,noplant could grow.要是没有水植物就无法生长。

Ifit hadn’t been for your assistance ,we wouldn’t have succeeded.

=But foryour assistance,we wouldn’t have succeeded.

=Without your assistance ,wewouldn’t have succeeded.如果没有你的帮助,我们不会成功的。

4、If虚拟条件句的倒装形式,即把were, had, should置于句首。例:

Were I in schoolagain (=If I were in school again),Iwould

workharder.如果我能再上一次学,我会学习得更努力。

Had youaskedme, Iwould have told you.(=If you had askedme,…)如果你问我,我会告诉你。

第二类

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使用虚拟语气的常见结构或从句:

1.*wish与hope接宾语从句的区别在于:hope表示一般可以实现的希望,宾语从句用陈述语气。wish表示很难或不大可能实现的希望,宾语从句用虚拟语气。试比较:

(1)We hope they will come.(We don’tknow ifthey can come.)

(2) We wish they could come. (We know theyare not coming.)我们希望他们能来。

2.if only与I wish一样,也用于表示与事实相反的愿望,其后所虚拟语气的时态

与wish后所接时态的情况相同:

Ifonly shehad had more courage! 她再勇敢一些就好了。

IfonlyI had listenedto myparents! 我要是当时听了父母的话就好了。

If only she would go with me!她要是愿意和我一道去就好了!

*ifonly通常独立使用,没有主句。

3.lwould rather后句子用虚拟语气只分现在和过去

在wouldrather,would sooner, would just as soon后的that从句中, 句子谓语习惯上要用虚拟语气,表示"宁愿做什么",具体用法为:

①一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望

I’d ratheryouwent tomorrow(now). 我宁愿你明天(现在)去。

②用过去完成时表过去的愿望

I’drather you hadn’t said it.我真希望你没有这样说过。

4.l as if (though)从句用虚拟语气

以asif (as though)引导的方式状语从句或表语从句,有时用虚拟语气,则与wis h用法相同,例:

He acts asifhe knew me.他显得认识我似的。

They treat me as though I were a stranger. 他们待我如陌生人。

He talksas if he had been abroad. 他说起话来好像曾经出过国。

注:两点说明

(1) 从句所表示的内容若为事实或可能为事实,也可用陈述语气:

Itlooks as if we’ll be late. 我们似乎要迟到了。

(2)注意Itisn’t as if…的翻译:

It isn’t asif he were poor. 他不像穷的样子(或他又不穷)。

第三类

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从句中should+动词原形,should可省略

1. 在lest,for fearthat( 以免),in case(以防)引导的目的状语从句中的虚

拟语气

She walked quietly lest she (should)wake up herroommates.她走得很轻以免吵醒她的室友。

2. 表应当做值得做一类动词后的宾语从句

建议advise, suggest,propose, recommend命令order,command

请求ask, demand,require, request指示direct

督促urge提议move,vote

希望desire坚持insist

打算intend安排arrange

例如:

I insisted that he (should)stay. 我坚持要他留下。

He urged that they goto Europe. 他督促他们到欧洲去。

He suggested that we should leaveearly.他建议我们早点动身。

Heordered that it (should)be sent back.他命令把它送回去。

I askthathe leave.我要求他走开。

Herequires that I (should)appear.他要求我出场。

Imove thatweaccept the proposal. 我提议通过这项提案。

Hearrangedthat I shouldgoabroad.他安排我去国外。

She desires that he do it. 她希望他做此事。

Thegeneral directed thatthe prisoners should beset free. 将军指示释放那些俘虏。

*suggest表“暗示”insist表“坚持说”时不用虚拟语气

比较:

He insisted thatIhad read his letter.他坚持说我看过他的信。

He insisted thatI should readhis letter. 他坚持要我看他的信。

Hesuggested thatwe(should)stayfor dinner.他建议我们留下吃饭。

I suggested thatyou had a secretunderstanding with him.我觉得你与他心照不宣。

3. order,suggestion,idea,plan,proposal, advice,demand等名词后的表语从句或同位语从句

Our suggestionis that you(should)bethefirst to go. 我们的建议是你应该第一个去。

4.*advice, agreement, command, decision,decree, demand, determination, indication,insistence, order,preference,propo

sal, request,requirement,stipulation, suggestion,idea, plan, order

l “Itis(was)+紧急重要-- 带感情色彩

上述demand/suggest等动词过去分词或

important,natural,strange,necessary,surprised,appropriate等形容词后的主语从句

1. It is ordered that thearmy (should) getthere by4 a.m.

2.Itis necessarythatshe (should) besent there atonce.

注:*It is necessary,important,strange,natural, advisable, anxious,compulsory,crucial, desirable, eager,essential,fitting, i mperative(绝对必要), impossible,improper, obligatory,possible, preferable, probable,recommended, urgent, vital etc.;it isa pity;It i srequested/suggested/desired/proposed

第四类

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It’stime后的从句用虚拟语气

从句谓语通常用过去式表示(早)该干某事了

*有时也用过去进行时或“should+动词原形”(较少见,且should不能省略)

ex. It’stimewewent[weregoing,should go]. 我们该走了。

It’s time Iwasin bed. 我该上床睡了。(不用were)

It's time = It is (the very/high/right/about) time

第五类

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表示祝愿话语中也可以用虚拟语气。

May godbless you.愿上帝保佑你。

May youenjoy many years of healthand happiness.祝您健康长寿美满幸福。

第六类

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在少数句型中,谓语用虚拟语气。

1)由that引导的句子(表示愿望或沮丧情绪)

That therain would stop.但愿雨能停下来。

2)由would that引导的句子(表示但愿)

Would that hewere gone.但愿他已走掉。

3)由to think引导的句子(表示没想到)

Tothinkthat Itrusted him.没想到我竟然信了他。

wish和as if

编辑

1.表示与现在事实相反的愿望

构成:主语+wish(that)+ 从句主语+ 动词过去式(be 一律用were)

例如:IwishI kneweverythingin the world.我希望我知道世界上所有的事。

I wishthat the experiment were a success.我希望这个实验是成功的。

We wish we had wings.我们希望有翅膀。

2.表示与过去事实相反的愿望

构成:主语+ wish (that) + 从句主语+would/could+ have+ 过去分词或had+过去分词

例如:Iwish thatyou had come yesterday.我希望你昨天来过。

I wishthat I could havegone with you lastnight.我希望我昨晚能和你

一起去。

Ididn’tgo to the party, butIdo wish I had beenthere.我没有去参加晚会,但是我真的希望我去过那里。

3.表示将来不大可能实现的愿望

构成:主语+ wish (that) +从句主语+would/should/could/might + 原形动词

例如:I wishthat he couldtry again.我希望他能再次尝试。

I wish thatsomedayI should liveon themoon.

Wewish that they wouldcome soon.

II.ASif引出的虚拟。

As if….表好像……我们经常会利用一下句型来表达不能实现的虚拟状态:It isas if……。(就好象是……)

As if+从句, 主句。(好像…… Sb.+ do…)表达一种假设的条件。而As if之后的假设内容的语法结构和wish虚拟的结构一样。

L. 33 A Dayto Remember中原句, “As ifthis werenot enoughto reduceyoutotears,your husband arrives.”就利用了和现在事实相反的假设虚拟。北京新东方名师指出,要善于总结出一些学习语法的技巧,如利用对比,举例等方法进行学习。

注:Something is to happened,I'mtoface it。

注意事项

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使用虚拟条件句时要注意的几点:

1.当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时,被称为“错综时间条件句”,动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。如:

If youhadfollowed my advice justnow,youwould bebetter now.

If you had studiedhard before, you would be a college student now,andyou wouldgraduatefrom a collegeinfour years’time.

2.if省略句

在条件句中可省略if,把were,had,should提到句首, 变为倒装句式。如:

If Iwere atschool again, I would study harder.

→WereI at schoolagain,I would study harder.

If you hadcome earlier,youwouldcatch thebus.

→ Had you comeearlier,you would catch thebus.

If it should raintomorrow,wewouldnot go climbing.

→ Shoulditrain tomorrow,we would notgo climbing.

注意:若省略的条件句中的谓语动词是否定形式时,不能用动词的缩略形式。如:我们可以说:Were it notfortheexpense,Iwould go abroad now. 但不能说:Weren't it for the expense, I would go abroad now.

3.用介词短语代替条件状语从句。常用的介词有with, without, but for。如:

Whatwouldyou do withamillion dollars?(=if you had a million dollars)

We couldn'thave finishedthe work ahead oftimewithout your help. ( =if we hadn't gotyour help)

But fortherain( = If it hadn'tbeen forthe rain),we wouldhave finished the work.

4.含蓄条件句

有时为了表达的需要,在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件句,而通过其他手段来代替条件句。

I was ill thatday. Otherwise, I wouldhave taken partin the sports meet. (副词)

He telephoned to inform me of yourbirthday, orI wouldhave know nnothing aboutit.(连词)

A man whostopped drinkingwaterwouldbe dead in about sevendays. (定语从句)

I might have given youmorehelp, but I wastoobusy. (连词)

Everythingtakeninto consideration,they wouldhaveraiser their output quickly.(独立主格结构)

混合型与含蓄型虚拟语气

1。混合型虚拟语气:

当虚拟条件从句与结果主语所表达的时间不一致时,被称为“混合条件句”,这种虚拟语气被称为“混合型虚拟语气”,动词的形式要根据它所表达的时间作相应调整。如:

If you had followedthe doctor's advice,he would beall right now.(条件从句表达的时间是过去,因此用had+过去分词;主句表示的时间是现在,因此用would+动词原形)

2.含蓄型虚拟语气:

有时候,虚拟条件不是通过if引导的条件句来表示,而是暗含在上下文中

(1).用but for 、without(如果没有)等来代替条件从句,如

Without electricity humanlifewouldbe quite different=If there were noelectricity,human life would be quite different

(2) 用otherwise、or(or else),eventhough等表示与上文的情况相反,从而引出虚拟语气。如:

Ilost your address.Otherwise,Iwould have visited you long before.=I lost your address.If Ihadn'tlost youraddress ,I would have v isited youlong before.

(3) 虚拟条件通过but暗示出来。如:

He would have given youmore help,but hewas too busy

他本来会给你更多的帮助,但是他太忙了。也就是说,如果那时他不忙,他可以给你更多的帮助。句中but he was too busy实际上暗示了一个虚拟条件——如果那时他不忙

He wouldlose weight,but he eatstoo much

他本来可以减肥的,但是他吃的太多了。也就是说,如果他吃得不多的话,他是可以减肥的。句中的but heeats toomuch实际上暗示了一个虚拟条件——如果他吃得不多。

高考虚拟语气用法详解()

高考虚拟语气用法详解 一·语气概述 和时态语态一样,语气也是谓语动词的一种形式,它表明说话者的目的和意图。英语中有三种语气:陈述语气,祈使语气和虚拟语气。(有的语法书说语气有四种,即还包括疑问语气)。 eg:①He doesn’t see very well in his right eye .他右眼视力不太好。(陈述语气) ②Have they ever been to Australia ?他们去过澳大利亚没有?(疑问语气) ③Please read through the instruction in advance .请先通读说明书。(祈使语 气) 二·虚拟语气概述 在英语中,由于说话人的意图不同,动词需用不同的形式,称为语气。虚拟语气是指说话人表示一种假设的情况,一种愿望,怀疑,推测,请求等,即认为动词所表示的动作或状态并非事实。虚拟语气可用于状语从句,名词性从句,定语从句及其他结构中。 三·非真实条件句中的虚拟语气 真实条件句(遵循主将从现原则) A.由If引导的两种条件句: 非真实条件句(虚拟语气) 以下为If在非真实条件句中虚拟语气的形式和用法: 假设类型If从句主句 与现在事实相反did (be用were)should/would/ could/might do 与过去事实相反had done should/would/ could/might have done 与将来事实相反1)did 2)were to do 3)should do should/would/ could/might do eg:①If I were you ,I would reconsider their advice .如果我是你的话,我会重新考虑他们的意见。(与现在事实相反) ②You would not have caught a cold if you had put on more clothes .如果你多穿了些衣服,你就不会得感冒了。(与过去事实相反)

虚拟语气用法总结及详细解析

虚拟语气用法 英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气、疑问语气和感叹语气五类。 1、表示动作或状态是客观存在的、确定的或符合事实的,用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句中。 China is an Asian country. (肯定句) How interesting my stay in China has been! (感叹句) 2、祈使句表示说话人对对方的请求、警告,建议或命令。如: Please come over here. 请到这边来。 Watch your steps! 当心!(走路) 3、虚拟语气表示说话者做出的假设而非事实,或难以实现的情况,甚至表达彻底相反的概念。此外,如需表达主观愿望或某种强烈的感情时,也可用虚拟语气。虚拟语气是由句中的谓语动词的特殊形式表示出来的。如: If I were a bird,I would be able to fly in the air. 如果我是一只小鸟,我就能在空中飞行。 I wish I could pass the examination. 我希望我能通过考试。

If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating. 如果下周日下大雪,我们就不能去滑冰了。 If she were to be here next Monday, I would tell her about the matter. 如果她下周一来这儿的话,我就会告诉她这件事的始末。 4、有时,虚拟条件句中,结果主句和条件从句的谓语动作若不是同时发生时,虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。这种条件句叫错综条件句。 ①从句的动作与过去事实相反,而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。 If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too.如果我在学校学习刻苦的话,我现在也会成为一个工程师了 If they had informed us, we would not come here now. 如果他们通知过我们的话,我们现在就不会来这里了。 ②从句的动作与现在事实相反,而主句的动作与过去事实不符。 If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing. 如果他今天有空的话,我们会已经派他去北京了。 If he knew her, he would have greeted her. 要是他认识她的话,他肯定会去问候她了。 5、当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were, should, had时,if可以省略,这时条件从句要用倒装语序,即把were, should, had等词置于句首,这种多用于书面语。 Should he agree to go there, we would send him there.要是他答应去的话,我们就派他去。 Were she here, she would agree with us.如果她在这儿的话,她会同意我们的。 Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here. 如果他懂一些电脑知识的话,我们已经聘用他来这里工作了。 【注意】 若条件从句为否定句,否定词not应置于主语之后,而不能与were,should,had 等缩略成Weren't,Shouldn't,Hadn't而置于句首。 Had it not been for the bad weather we would have arrived on time. 若不是天气坏,我们就准时到达了。 ②有时省略if后提前的had不是助动词: Had I time,I would come. 假若我有时间,我会来的。(=If I had time…) 6、非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来,暗含在副词、介词短语、上下文或其他方式表示出来,这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。 ①将条件会暗含在介词短语中,如without…, but for…,otherwise(要不是因为)等 But for his help, we would be working now. (要不是他的帮助,我们还会在工作呢。

虚拟语气的用法及专项练习题

虚拟语气的用法及专项练习题 虚拟语气表示一种假设的情况,或一种主观的愿望,即动词所表示的动作或状态并非事实,或不可能实现。英语虚拟语气的形式有下列几种: 一 .虚拟语气用于条件状语从句 注意:主句中的should通常用于第一人称,would可用于任何人称,同时也可根据意思用情态动词could,might等代替should,would。 1.与现在事实相反 (1) If had the time, John would make a trip to China to see the Great Wall. (2) If I were you, I would give up drinking immediately. 2.与过去事实相反 If I’d known that it was going to rain, I would never have gone for a walk in the country. 3.与将来事实相反

If it were to/should rain tomorrow,the meeting would be putoff. If you went there next time, you would see what I mean. 4.错综时间虚拟语气 当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时,动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间来调整。例如: If I were you, I would have gone home. If you had followed the doctor's advice, you would be quite all right now.(从句说的是过去,主句指的是现在。) If the weather had been more favorable ,the crops would be growing still better. 状语从句 1. 方式状语as if(as though) 如果从句表示与现在事实相反,谓语动词用一般过去时;表示与过去事实相反,谓语动词用"had+过去分词";表示与将来事实相反,谓语动词用"would(might,could)+动词原形"。例如: (1) He looks at me as if I were mad. (2) He spoke English so fluently as if he had studied English in England.但as if(as though)后的从句也常用陈述语气,这是因为从句中的情况往往是可能发生的或可能被设想为真实的。例如:It looks as if our side is going to win. 2. 目的状语in order that,so that , lest ,for fear that等 从句谓语动词用" may/might,can/could)+动词原形"。例如: (1) She listened carefully in order that she might discover exactly what he wanted. (2) We hid behind some bushes for fear that passer-by should see us. 3. 连词引导的条件状语从句:

虚拟语气用法详解

虚拟语气用法详解 一、条件句中的虚拟语气 1.条件句中虚拟语气的形式 从句中提出一种与客观现实不相符或根本不可能存在的条件,主句会产生的一种不可能获得的结果。条件句中的虚拟语气根 2. 条件句中的虚拟语气的举例 (1) 将来时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如: If he should go to Qing Hua Univer sity, he would make full use of his time. If he were to come here, he would tell us about it. (2) 现在时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如: If he were free, he would help us.

If he studied at this school, he wo uld know you well. (3) 过去时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如:If I had seen the film, I would have tol d you about it. If I had got there earlier, I would have met Mr. Li. 3.运用条件句中的虚拟语气时,须注意的几个问题 (1) 有时,虚拟条件句中,主、从句的动作若不是同时发生时,须区别对待。 从句的动作与过去事实相反,而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。如: If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too. If they had informed us, we would not come here now. (2) 当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有wer e, should, had时,if可省略,而将were, s hould, had等词置于句首。如: Should he agree to go there, we wo uld send him there. Were she here, she would agree wit h us. Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here. (3) 有时,句子没有直接给出假设情况的条件,而须通过上下文或其他方式来判断。如:

虚拟语气用法总结

虚拟语气的用法总结 语气:语气是动词的一中形式,它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。 语气的种类: (1)陈述语气表示动作或状态是现实的,确定的或符合事实的,用于陈述句,疑问句和某些感叹句。如We are ready. What a fine day it is! (2)祈使语气表示说话人的建议,请求,邀请,命令等。如Open the door, Please. 应注意以下几点: 1.主语通常是第二人称you,但多不出现,动词用原形,否定用do not 或者don’t 加动词 原形(或be)如Be careful next time. Don’t smoke here. 2.有时为了强调,主语也可以出现,而且可以是第三人称,谓语动词不加-s或者-es如You be quiet. He stand up. 3.祈使语气可以用do加强语气如Do come to see this Sunday. 4.在Let’s 的祈使句后,疑问部分通常用shall we;在Let us后,疑问部分用will you 如Let’s go out for a walk after supper,shall we? /Let us clean our classroom, will you? 5.祈使句与连词and连用时相当于一个条件句,而and之后则是表示结果。如Think hard and you will have a good idea. (3)虚拟语气表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实,而是说话人的主观愿望,假设或推测等。如If I were you, I should study English. 一.虚拟语气在条件从句的用法 条件句有两类,一类是真实条件句;一类是非真实条件句,也就是虚拟条件句。 如果假设的情况是有可能发生的,就是真实条件句,谓语要用陈述语气。如If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go to the park. 如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的,或将来不大可能发生的,则是虚拟条件句。如If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it. 在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中,主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气,列表如下: 例如:If he were here, everything would be all right. If her mother had taken the doctor’s advice, she would/might have got well earlier. If it were to rain tomorrow, the match would be canceled. 有时候省略if,采用局部倒装语序。把had /should/were 等动词(不包括行为动词)移到从句的句首。例如:

虚拟语气用法归纳

虚拟语气用法归纳 1、在非真实条件句中,谓语动词用虚拟语气。非真实条件有以下三类: (1)与现在事实相反的非真实条件句,谓语动词形式如下: 从句:过去时 主句:would/should/could/might+动词原形。如 If I were you, I would ask our teacher for advice. 如果我是你的话,我就请教老师。 (2)与过去事实相反的非真实条件句,谓语动词形式如下: 从句:过去完成时 主句:would/should/could/ might +have+动词过去分词。如 If I hadn’t taken the wrong bus, I wouldn’t have missed the contest. 如果我没有搭错车,我就不会不参加竞赛。 (3)与将来事实相反的非真实条件句,谓语动词形式如下: 从句:过去时/should /were to +动词原形 主句:would/should/could/might+动词原形。如 If I had enough money next month, I would buy a copy of “The Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English”. 如果我下个月有足够的钱,我就会买一本《现代高级英语学习词典》。 (4)混合时间条件句:主句和从句不一定用指同一时间的动词。如 If I had learned French, I would be able to interpret for our French friend. 假如我以前学过法语,现在就能给我们的法国朋友当翻译。 (注:if从句与过去事实相反,用过去完成时;而主句与现在事实相反,用would+动词原形。)

完整虚拟语气用法表格归纳图

虚拟语气在as if/as though引导的方式状语从句中1.表示与现在事实相反或对现在情况有怀疑,谓语动词用过去式。 He treats the boy as if he were his own son. 2.表示与过去事实相反,谓语动词用过去完成时。 He spoke as if he had known about it. 3.表示与将来事实相反,(表示将来的可能性不大),用would (might, could)+动词原形 He acts as if he could win in the game . 注意:1.在as if/as though 句中,如果有可能成为事实,用陈述语气。 例:He looks as if he going to be ill. 2.as though或as if引导的状语从句,从句主语和主句主语相同时,从句中可省略主语和部分谓语。 虚拟语气用在lest,for fear that,so that及in order that引导的目的状语从句中表示“以防,以免”等意思谓语动词多用should/could/might+动词原型构成 For fear that it may rain tomorrow, we should bring an umbrella. 由“providing(that) /provided(that)/on condition that/suppose (that)/supposing (that)”引导的条件从句根据情况,1.可以用虚拟语气。 例:suppose/supposing that it rained,we shouldn’t go out. 2.也可以用陈述语气。 例:They are willing to surrender provided they are given free pardon..

虚拟语气的用法讲解

第一部分:语气的定义和种类 1 语气(mood) 语气是动词的一种形式,表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。2 语气的种类 ⑴、陈述语气:表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的,用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。如: ①There are two sides to every question.每个问题都有两个方面。 ②Were you busy all day yesterday?昨天一整天你都很忙吗? ③How good a teacher she is!她是多好的一位老师啊! ⑵、祈使语气:表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。如: ①Never be late again!再也不要迟到了。 ②Don’t forget to turn off the light.别忘了关灯。 ⑶、虚拟语气:表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实,而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。如: ①If I were a bird, I could fly in the air.如果我是一只小鸟,我就能在空中飞行。 ②I wish I could pass the examination.我希望我能通过考试。 ③May you succeed!祝您成功! 虚拟语气在语法里算得上是个难点。让我们就从最简单的开始吧。 第二部分:简单句中的虚拟语气 一、情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时,表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼貌、或委婉的语气,常用于日常会话中。 如: ⑴.Would you be kind enough to show me the way to the post office?请你告诉我去邮局的路好吗? ⑵.It would be better for you not to stay up too late.你最好别熬夜到很晚。 二、表祝愿。 1、常用“may+动词原形”表示祝愿,但愿,此时may须置于句首(多用于正式文体中)。 ⑴、May good luck be yours!祝你好运! ⑵、May you be happy!祝你快乐! ⑶、May you do even better!祝你取得更大成就! ⑷、May you have a good time. 祝愿你玩的痛快。

虚拟语气完整用法

虚拟语气 一、用固定的情态动词表示的虚拟语气 1、 should +动词原形(有时省略should) (1)用在动词如advise, request, require, suggest, urge,demand, desire,command, insist, order, propose, recommend, 等后的宾语从句中。 例如: 1)They requested that we (should) send a invitation to their school、 2)He urged that he acquaint and apply the methods、 2、用在it is suggested,it has been decided, it is desired, it was proposed,it is required, it was ordered, it is necessary (essential, imperative, important, desirable) that等引出的主语从句中。 例如: 1)It is required that we (should) get everything done by tomorrow night、 2)It is imperative that the teachers (should) have a thorough knowledge of the subject they teach、 3、用在suggestion, motion, proposal, order, recommendation, plan, idea, requirement等引起的表语从句与同位语从句 例如:She drives her vessel carefully lest she should lost her way、 4.用在表示比拟的方式状语从句中 例如:He laughed as if he had never been happier before、 5.用在表示虚拟情况的定语从句中 例如:It is high time you stop bitting your child、 6.用在某些表示主观愿望的名词从句中 例1:I wish I were as tall as you、 例2:He insisted that we (should) catch up the first bus in the morning、 7.用在婉转的请求、建议、批评等句子中

虚拟语气用法小结及练习(附答案)

虚拟语气用法小结及相关练习(附答案) 一、虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法 条件句有两类,一类是真实条件句,一类是虚拟条件句。如果假设的情况是有可能发生的,就是真实条件何。在这种真实条件句中的谓语用陈述语气。如: If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go to the park. 如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的,或将来不大可能发生的,则是虚拟条件句。如: If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it. 如果他昨天见到你,他会问你这件事的。(事实上他昨天没见到你,因此也未能问你这件事。) 1. 在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中,主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气。虚拟 2. 错综时间条件句:有时条件从句中的动作和主句中的动作发生的时间不一致(表示错综时间的虚拟语气),这时动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间加以调整。 If you had listened to the doctor, you would be all right now. 如果你当初听了医生 的话,身体现在就好了。(从句动作指过去,主句动作指现在) 3. 省略连词if (倒装)。在书面语中,如果虚拟条件从句中有were,had 或should,可以把if省略,把这几个词放到主语之前,构成主谓倒装。 Should he come (If he should come), tell him to ring me up. Were I you (If I were you), I would not do it. Were I to meet him tomorrow (= if I were to met him tomorrow), I should ask him about it. 要是我明天见到他,我就会问他这件事的。

(完整word版)虚拟语气用法归纳

虚拟语气(the subjunctive mood)用法归纳 第一部分:语气的定义和种类 1、语气(mood) 语气是动词的一种形式,表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。 2、语气的种类 ⑴陈述语气:表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的,用于陈述句、疑问句和 某些感叹句。如: ①There are two sides to every question. 每个问题都有两个方面。 ②Were you busy all day yesterday? 昨天一整天你都很忙吗? ③How good a teacher she is! 她是多好的一位老师啊! ⑵祈使语气:表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。如: ①Never be late again! 再也不要迟到了。 ②Don’t forget to turn off the light. 别忘了关灯。 ⑶虚拟语气:表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实,而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推 测等。如: ①If I were a bird, I could fly in the air. 如果我是一只小鸟,我就能在空中飞行。 ②I wish I could pass the examination. 我希望我能通过考试。 ③May you succeed! 祝您成功! 第二部分:简单句中的虚拟语气 一、情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时,表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼貌、或委婉的语气, 常用于日常会话中。如: ⑴Would you be kind enough to show me the way to the post office? 请你告诉我去邮局的路好吗? ⑵It would be better for you not to stay up too late. 你最好别熬夜到很晚。 二、表祝愿。 1、常用“may+动词原形”表示祝愿,但愿,may须置于句首(多用于正式文体中)。如: ⑴May good luck be yours! 祝你好运! ⑵May you be happy! 祝你快乐! ⑶May you do even better! 祝你取得更大成就! ⑷May you have a good time. 祝愿你玩的痛快。 ⑸May the friendship between us last long. 祝愿我们的友情天长地久。 ⑹May you be happy. 祝你幸福。 【注意】本句型属于部分倒装句型,主语后用动词原形。 2、用动词原形。如: ⑴Long live the people! 人民万岁! ⑵“God bless you,” said the priest. 牧师说:“愿上帝保佑你!” ⑶Have a good journey! 祝愿你旅途愉快! 三、表示强烈愿望。(该类型虚拟语气谓语仅用动词原形,第三人称单数也不加“s”) ⑴God save me. ⑵Heaven help us. 四、表命令。 1. 命令虚拟语气只能用在第二人称(you),而且通常省略主语(也就是you)。

英语虚拟语气用法详解

英语虚拟语气用法详解 1. 英语语气的概念 英语有三种语气,即陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。陈述语气用于陈述事实、提出看法或问题等,祈使语气用于表示请求、命令或警告等,虚拟语气则表示假想或主观愿望。如: I like this book the best. 我最喜欢这本书。(陈述语气) Don’t be so careless. 不要如此粗心大意。(祈使语气) I suggest that we should go tomorrow. 我建议我们明天走。(虚拟语气) If you dropped the glass, it would break. 假如你把玻璃杯掉在地上,它会打碎的。(虚拟语气) 3. 虚拟条件句的基本类型 (1) 与现在事实相反:若与现在事实相反,条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were),主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”。如: If we left now, we should arrive in good time. 假如我们现在就走的话,我们就会及时到达。 (2) 与过去事实相反:若与过去事实相反,条件从句的谓语用过去完成时(had+过去分词),主句谓语用“should (would, coul d, might)+have+过去分词”。如: If he had been in that train then, he might have been k illed in that accident. 如果当时他也在那列火车上,他可能就死于那场车祸了。

(3) 与将来事实相反:若与将来事实相反,条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were),主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”。如: If he went,would you go too? 如果他去,你也去吗?(大概他不会去) If I asked him,I’m sure he’d help us. 如果我向他提出要求,肯定他会帮助我们。(不过我不打算这样做) 3. 错综时间虚拟条件句 所谓错综时间虚拟条件句即条件从句与主句所指时间不一致,如从句指过去,而主句即指的是现在或将来,此时应根据具体的语境情况,结合上面提到的三种基本类型对时态作相应的调整。如:If you’d listened to me, you wouldn’t be in such tro uble now. 如果你听了我的话,你现在也不会有这样的麻烦了。 If you were in better health, we’d have let you go wit h us. 你要是身体好一点,我们就让你和我们一道去了。 4. 含蓄虚拟条件句 所谓含蓄虚拟条件句即指将条件从句隐藏在上下文一定的短语中的一类条件句。如: Anybody else would have believed you. 任何别人都会相信你的话了。 Without your help, I couldn’t have achieved all this. 要不是有你帮助,我不会取得这些成就。 I would have written before, but I have been ill. 我本想给你写信的,但我生病了。 5. if it weren’t (wasn’t) for与if it hadn’t been for

虚拟语气的几种用法

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⑴Would you be kind enough to show me the way to the post office? 请你告诉我去邮局的路好吗? ⑵ It would be better for you not to stay up too late. 你最好别熬夜到很晚。 二、表祝愿。 1、常用“may+动词原形”表示祝愿,但愿,may须置于句首(多用于正式文体中)。如: ⑴ May good luck be yours! 祝你好运! ⑵ May you be happy! 祝你快乐! ⑶ May you do even better! 祝你取得更大成就! ⑷ May you have a good time. 祝愿你玩的痛快。 ⑸ May the friendship between us last long. 祝愿我们的友情天长地久。 ⑹ May you be happy. 祝你幸福。 【注意】本句型属于部分倒装句型,主语后用动词原形。 2、用动词原形。如: ⑴ Long live the people! 人民万岁! ⑵“God bless you,” said the priest. 牧师说:“愿上帝保佑你!” ⑶ Have a good journey! 祝愿你旅途愉快! 三、表示强烈愿望。(该类型虚拟语气谓语仅用动词原形,第三人称单数也不加“s”) ⑴ God save me. ⑵ Heaven help us. 四、表命令。

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虚拟语气用法总结 朱世梅 新时代大学英语中针对虚拟语气的练习题较多,而学生们往往把握不好虚拟语气的正确使用,现将其用法总结如下: 一.虚拟语气在英语里主要用来表达: a. 非真实的情景,不可能发生的事,即某种与事实相反或难以实现的情况,或说话人主观愿望。 b. 与客观事实相反地情景,即强制性虚拟语气,表示建议、命令、劝告这一类的意思上,表示强烈的要求做到、必须做到这样的含义。 c. 虚拟语气的表达形式是通过动词的变化形式表达的,其特点是主从句时态的不一致,而且一般有明显得标志。 二.虚拟语气的考点为: 1.If 句型 (共有三种句型) 非真实条件句: a.与现在的事实相反:从句用一般过去时,主句的谓语用would (could, might) +动词原形 If I were Bill Gates, I would not work so hard every day. b.与过去的事实相反:从句用过去完成时,主句的谓语用would (could, might) +现在完成时 If I had gone to America when I graduated from middle school, I would have got my PhD degree. c.与将来的事实相反:从句用should (were to,did) + 动词原形,主句的谓语用would (could, might) +动词原形 If it should/were to snow tomorrow, I would go skiing.

注意:虚拟条件句的倒装虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were, should, 或had, 可将if省略,再把were, should或had 移到从句句首,实行倒装。 Eg: Should it rain, the crops would be saved. =Were it to rain, the crops would be saved. Eg:_____ to do the work, I should do it some other day. A. If were I B. I were C. Were I D. Was I 答案C. 在虚拟条件状语中如果有were, should, had这三个词,通常将if省略,主语提前, 变成 were, should, had +主语的形式。但在虚拟条件状语从句中,省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说 Were I not to do., 而不能说 Weren't I to do. d.混合条件句主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间,这时主,从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同,这叫做混合条件句。例如:条件句动作发生在过去,主句的动作发生在现在)谓语动词要根据表示的时间进行调整。 Eg: If it had rained last night (过去), it would be very cold today (现在). 2.Wish 句型表达“但愿…,要是…多好”的语气表示与事实相反的情况,或表示将来不太可能实现的愿望。其宾语从句的动词形式为: He wished he hadn't said that. 他希望他没讲那样的话。 I wish it would rain tomorrow. 我希望明天下雨就好了。 Wish to do表达法: Wish sb / sth to do I wish to see the manager. = I want to see the manager. I wish the manager to be informed at once. (= I want the manager to be informed at once.) 3.在强制性语气的宾语从句中的运用即表示建议、命令、劝告、决心等主观色彩的动词 + that + (should) + 动词原形,其中should 经常被省略。这类动词包括: suggest, propose, recommend, demand, order, command, desire, require, insist,

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