非谓语动词高考真题解析

非谓语动词高考真题解析

一、单项选择非谓语动词

1．The rainforest is an amazing place, ________ with plants and animals that aren’t found anywhere else in the world.

A．filling B．filled

C．being filled D．to fill

【答案】B

【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：热带雨林是一个令人惊讶的地方，充满了世界其他地方不能找到的动植物。固定词组：be filled with被……充满，此处place和fill之间是一种被动关系，所以用过去分词做伴随状态，故选B。

2． Hours of playing violent video games can affect the way the brain works, ______ damage to certain cells of brain.

A．to cause B．cause C．causing D．caused

【答案】C

【解析】

试题分析：考查非谓语动词。causing 现在分词作结果状语。句意：连续几个小时打暴力的电子游戏会影响大脑的工作方式，危害大脑细胞并减慢大脑的活动。故C正确。

考点：考查非谓语动词

3．________ terrible, the medicine was thrown away by the child.

A．Tasted B．Tasting

C．To taste D．Being tasted

【答案】B

【解析】

【详解】

考查非谓语动词。句意：这种药尝起来非常难吃，被这个孩子扔掉了。主语是medicine，taste与主语是主动关系，而且taste是系动词无被动，因此用现在分词，故选B。

4．I’m afraid that I can’t attend Tom’s wedding party ______ next weekend.

A．to be held B．being held

C．held D．is to be held

【答案】A

【解析】

试题分析：考查非谓语动词作定语。句子中已经有了谓语can't attend，故此处应填非谓语动词，首先排除D。hold与party构成被动关系，但ABC答案均表被动。因此再根据时间状语next weekend可确定填不定式表将来，故选A。考查非谓语动词作定语时，要注意看与所修饰名词之间的关系，判断是主动还是被动。同时还要注意从时间上判定，不定式作定语表将来，现在分词表进行，过去分词表完成。

考点：考查非谓语动词作定语。

5．A hearty laugh relieves physical tension, _____your muscles relaxed for over half an hour. A．to leave B．left C．leaving D．leave

【答案】C

【解析】

【详解】

考查非谓语动词。句意：开怀大笑可以缓解身体紧张，至少可以使你的肌肉放松半小时。分析句子可知，空格处做伴随状语。且与逻辑主语laugh构成主动关系，所以用现在分词。故选C。

6．Most colleges now offer first-year students a course specially ________ to help them succeed academically and personally.

A．designed B．designing

C．to design D．being designed

【答案】A

【解析】

【详解】

考查非谓语动词。句意：现在大多数大学都为一年级学生开设了一门课程，专门帮助他们在学业和个人方面取得成功。a course和design之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词。故选A。

7．Recently a survey _______ prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens.

A．compared B．comparing C．compares D．being compared 【答案】B

【解析】

【详解】

考查非谓语动词。句意：最近，一项对两家不同超市的同种商品价格进行比较的调查在市民中引起了激烈的争论。分析句子结构可知，该句的主语是a survey，谓语动词是has caused，宾语是heated debate。可见，句子结构是完整的，因此我们要选择的只能是非谓语动词形式。survey与compare之间存在主动关系，因此用现在分词短语作后置定语。故选B。

8．（天津）I need a new passport so I will have to have my photographs___________. A．taking B．taken

C．being taken D．take

【答案】B

【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我需要一个新护照，所以我将不得不拍照片。本题考查

非谓语动词作宾语补足语，宾语my photograph与补足语之间为被动关系，故用过去分词作宾语补足语。C项表示正在进行。故选B。

点睛：本题考查的非谓语动词为高中重点语法之一。在分析题目的时候，首先要抓住非谓语动词在句中所作的成分，找出该非谓语动词所对应的逻辑主语，再分析二者之间的关系，最后根据句意选择正确的答案。

9．Walter offered us a lift when he was leaving the office, but our work _______, we refused his offer.

A．not finishing B．had not been finished

C．not having finished D．not finished

【答案】D

【解析】

试题分析：在这里，our work处在逗号位置，作整个句子的原因状语，这里应填非谓语动词。work和finish存在逻辑上的被动关系，所以应该用过去分词，故选D。

考点：独立主格结构的考查

点评：独立主格结构（Independent Genitive）由两部分组成，前一部份是名词或者代词，后一部分是非谓语动词(不定式、动名词和分词)或形容词、副词、或介词短语。前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系。独立主格结构在句中做状语，多用于书面语。独立主格结构本身不是句子，在句子中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、伴随、目的等。

10．On the third floor there are two rooms, ________ used as a meeting-room.

A．the larger of which B．one of them

C．and a larger of them D．the largest one of which

【答案】B

【解析】

考查过去分词的独立主格结构。句意：三楼有两个房间，其中一个被用作会议室。如果选A项，是非限制性定语从句，从句应该用一般过去时态的被动语态，此处used是过去分词，所以A错；如果选C项，中间加and表明是并列句，the+比较级，才表示“两个当中更大的”，故C项错；因为是两个房间，不可能出现最高级，故D项错；只有选B项是过去分词的独立主格结构，符合题意。

【名师点睛】

非谓语动词的独立主格结构

一、独立主格结构的概念

独立主格结构（Absolute Structure）是由名词或代词加上分词等构成的一种独立结构，用于修饰整个句子。独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的分词等构成逻辑上的主谓关系。这种结构与主句不发生句法上的联系，它的位置相当灵活，可置于主句前、主句末或主句中，常由逗号将其与主句分开。需特别注意的是，独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。

二、独立主格结构基本构成形式

名词(代词)+现在分词（过去分词；形容词；副词；不定式；名词；介词短语）

1. 名词(代词)+现在分词

There being no bus, we had to walk home.由于没有公共汽车，我们只好走回家。

2. 名词(代词)+过去分词

The workers worked still harder, their living conditions greatly improved.由于工人们的生活条件大大提高，他们工作得更起劲了。

3. 名词(代词)+不定式

在“名词/代词+动词不定式”结构中，动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词如果存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，动词不定式则用主动的形式；如果是动宾关系，则用被动形式。

The four of us agreed on a division of labor, each to translate a quarter of the book.我们四人同意分工干，每人翻译全书的四分之一。

11．I am so thrilled to have my underwater photos ______ in the National Geographic and on the cover!

A．to be featured B．featured C．being featured D．to feature

【答案】B

【解析】

【详解】

考查非谓语动词。句意：我很兴奋我的水下照片出现在《国家地理》杂志里和封面上。have sth done使某事被做，这是个固定用法。故选B。

12．__________ the housing price, several measures have been adopted in the last two years. A．Lowering B．Having lowered

C．To lower D．To have lowered

【答案】C

【解析】

试题分析：考查不定式，不定式表示目的，句子意思“为了降低房子的价格，在过去的两年里一些办法已经被采纳”

考点：考查不定式

点评：动词不定式的基本用法：动词不定式能起名词、形容词和副词的作用，可在句中作主语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语用。同时还要注意动词不定式的被动语态用法：如果动词不定式的逻辑主语为这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般就用被动语态形式，如：What is to be done next hasn’t been decided yet.

即学即练：It’s too late. Go to bed right away. Forget you need to get up as early as you can

______ the early train?

A. catch

B. catching

C. caught

D. to catch

选D

13．The young man, ________ in heavy traffic on the way, got home an hour later than usual.

A．catching B．caught.

C．having caught D．to be caught

【答案】B

【解析】

试题分析:句意：这个年轻人，在路上堵车了，比往常到家晚了一个小时。Be caught in“陷入”，做状语时省掉be动词，表示状态，选B。

考点：考查非谓语动词

14．The great hall was crowded with many people, _____ many children _____on their parents’ laps.

A．including; seated B．including; seating

C．included; sat D．included; sitting

【答案】A

【解析】

【详解】

考查介词和过去分词。句意：这个大厅挤满了人，包括一些坐在父母腿上的小孩。include 是介词,由其领导的这个句子是做状语成分之用.including somebody，包括某人=somebody included，seated是动词+ed,其引导的"seated on their parents' laps"是后置定语的成分,表示状态，用来修饰前面的"children"。故选A。

15．The discovery of new evidence led to ________.

A．the thief having caught B．catch the thief

C．the thief being caught D．the thief to be caught

【答案】C

【解析】

【详解】

考查非谓语动词。句意：新证据的发现导致小偷被捕。由句子结构可知，此处to是介词，其需接动名词作宾语，此处the thief作动名词的逻辑主语；the thief与catch之间是被动关系，所以此处需用动名词的复合结构的被动形式。故选C。

16．（天津）I didn't mean ___________anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldn’t help_______ it.

A．to eat；to try B．eating；trying

C．eating；to try D．to eat； trying

【答案】D

【解析】考查短语固定搭配。句意：我不打算吃任何东西，但冰淇淋看起来如此的好以至于我忍不住的要试一试。固定短语短语mean to do（打算做），couldn’t help doing忍不住做。故选D。

点睛：本题考查动词短语固定搭配。同学在平时学习中要多把握动词不同搭配的不同含义，本题需要区分“mean to do打算做”与“mean doing意味着做”和“can’t help to do st h.不能帮助做”与“couldn’t help doing忍不住做”之间的含义。

17．____,the student insists that he be separated from his desk-mate,who is naughty.

A．To avoid being affected B．To avoid to be affected

C．Avoiding being affected D．Avoiding to be affected

【答案】A

【解析】

【详解】

考查非谓语动词。句意：为了避免受到影响，这些学生坚持要求他应该和他同桌分开，（因为）他同桌非常的淘气。固定短语avoid doing sth“避免做某事”，如果为被动，则为avoid being done，由此排除B、D；从句意来看，逗号前面部分应该是目的状语。而放句首的目的状语一般就是不定式，而不是现在分词。由此排除C，故选A。

【点睛】

avoid是高中要求四会的词，考生必须记牢它的用法，此题是综合考查题，既考查了非谓语动词的用法同时又考了avoid的用法，这是高考命题的趋势。

insist的宾语从句的用法一般分为两种情况：

1）如果insist翻译为“坚持说/坚持认为”，且宾语从句的动作为已经发生的情况，此时宾语从句采用正常的陈述语气。

如：He insisted that he was right. 他坚持说/认为他是对的。

2）如果insist翻译为“坚决主张/要求”，即宾语从句的动作当时尚未发生，此时宾语从句必须采用虚拟语气，构成为从句谓语动词用“(should) + 动词原形”，其中should可以省略。如：He insisted that he (should) be praised for what he had done.

3）此题中的insist所引导的宾语从句采用了虚拟语气，即he be separated... = he should be separated...

18．. He dressed himself quickly and ___________ his schoolbag, went to school.

A．carried B．to carry C．carrying D．Carries

【答案】C

【解析】

【详解】

考查非谓语动词。句意：他快速地穿衣，带着他的书包，去上学。f分析句子成分可知，carry his schoolbag作伴随状语，做谓语动词went to school的伴随状语用现在分词。故选C。

19．When caught _____ in the exam, he begged for the teacher’s pardon and tried ______ punishment.

A．cheating; escaping B．to be cheating; to escape

C．cheating; to escape D．to be cheating; escaping

【答案】C

【解析】

【详解】

考查非谓语动词。句意：在考试作弊被抓着的时候，他乞求老师原谅并试图逃脱惩罚。根据句意可知，抓住的时候正在作弊，现在分词表进行，因此，第一空用cheating形式，try to do sth试图做某事，这是个固定用法。故选C。

20．Many white collars went back to second and third-tier cities only ______that housing prices there are also jumping, traffic jams increasing and the air becoming dirty.

A．to have found B．found C．to find D．finding

【答案】C

【解析】C考查动词不定式。句意：许多白领回到二、三线城市，却发现那里的房价也在上涨，交通堵塞加剧，空气变得很脏。动词不定式表示现在的结果，用动词不定式的一般式形式，故选C。

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