英语国家概况_习题集(含答案)
《英语国家概况》课程习题集西南科技大学成人、网络教育学院版权所有
习题
【说明】：本课程《英语国家概况》（编号为12010）共有单选题,名词解释题,简答题,填空题2等多种试题类型，其中，本习题集中有[简答题]等试题类型未进入。
一、单选题
1. Celts were different groups of ancient people who came originally from________
A. France
B. Denmark
C. Ireland
D. Germany
2. Who invaded and conquered Britain for the first time in 55 BC?
A. Emperor Claudius
B. Julius Caesar
C. King Alfred
D. King Ethelred
3. Who is the author of Murder in the Cathedral?
A. Christopher Marlowe
B. T. S. Eliot
C. Ben Johnson
D. Thomas Becket
4.When Oliver Cromwell died in 1658, and was succeeded by his son, ______, the regime began immediately to collapse.
A. Henry
B. Hamilton
C. Richard
D. Charles
5. The 18th century saw selective breeding of cattle, sheep and houses by _________.
A. Jethro Tull
B. Thomas Coke
C. George III
D. Robert Bakewell
6. Which of the following is not one of the members of the Lords Temporal?
A. all hereditary peers and peeresses of the England, Scotland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom (but not peers of Ireland)
B. lire peers created to assist the House in its judicial duties
C. senior bishops of the Church of England
D. all other life peers
7. Two years after the ending of the Hundred Years’ War with France, England was thrown into another series of civil wars, ________.
A. the War of the Celts
B. Norman Conquest
C. the War of the Roses
D. Battle of Hastings
8. Appeals in criminal cases in England and Wales may NOT be heard by _________.
A. the Magistrates' Court
B. the Court of Appeal
C. the High Court
D. the Crown Court
9. Established Churches in Britain are___________.
A. Church of England and Churches in Wales
B. Church in Wales Church of Scotland
C. The Anglican Churches
D. Church of England and Church of Scotland
10.Apart from a break during the Second World War, the BBC has been providing regular television broadcasts since ___________.
A. 1935
B. 1936
C. 1937
D. 1938
11. The largest river in Ireland is ____________.
A. the Shannon River
B. Liffey River
C. Macgillicuddy's Reek
D. Carrantuohill
12.The following farming activities are engaged by farmers in the valleys of Nova Scotia except __________.
A. dairying
B. raising animals
C. apple growing
D. potato growing
13. The Pacific northwest is favored with a _______ climate like that of Britain.
A. Mediterranean
B. maritime
C. continental
D. subtropical
14. The first blacks were brought to North America as ________ in 1619.
A. adventurers
B. slaves
C. servants
D. explorers
15. The Declaration of Independence was adopted by the ___ Continental Congress on July 4, ___.
A First / 1774 B. First / 1776 C. Second / 1774 D. Second / 1776
16. The Great Depression was induced by all the following causes but ________.
A. stock market speculation
B. credit over - expansion
C. government involvement
D. lack of control over the banking system
17. The Norman Conquest of _______ is perhaps the best - known event in English history.
A. 1063
B. 1064
C. 1065
D. 1066
18. ______ ranks the first in the production of apples in the US.
A. Washington
B. Kansas
C. Michigan
D. Wisconsin
19. The heads of the various executive departments form a council of advisers generally known as the President's __________.
A. Advisory Group
B. Executive Office
C. Special Commission
D. Cabinet
20. The master's degree can normally be earned in ______ year by students holding a bachelor's
degree in the field of study.
A. one
B. two
C. three
D. four
21. There are ______ political divisions on the island of Great Britain.
A. one
B. two
C. three
D. four
22. Magna Carta had altogether 63 clauses of which the most important matters could be seen in three of the following except _______.
A. no tax should be made without the approval of the Grand Council;
B. no serf should be arrested, imprisoned or deprived of his property except by the law of the land
C. London and other towns should retain their ancient rights and privileges
D. There should be the same weights and measures through - out the country.
23. The first steam engine was devised by Thomas Newcomer at the end of the 17th century, and the Scottish inventor ________ modified and improved the design in 1765.
A. Abraham Darby
B. James Watt
C. John Kay
D. Richard Arkwright
24. In some areas factory farming methods are used, particularly for ________.
A. growing crop
B. producing milk
C. catching fish
D. rearing poultry
25. By tradition, the leader of the majority party is appointed ______ by the Sovereign in the United Kingdom.
A. Prime Minister
B. Member of Parliament
C. Lord of Appeal
D. Speaker of the House
26. Under the Anglo - Irish Treaty, Britain established _______ with dominion status in Ireland in 1921.
A. the Anglican Church of Ireland
B. the Irish Free State
C. the Irish Republican Army
D. the Anglo - Irish Intergovernmental Council
27. Irish broadcasting began in ______ in a small studio called Dublin Broadcasting Station.
A. 1906
B. 1916
C. 1926
D. 1936
28. _______ realized that he could win support for the Union at home and abroad by making the war a just war against slavery.
A. Frederick Douglass
B. George Washington
C. John Adams
D. Abraham Lincoln
29. But even after the abolition of slavery, organized or individual discrimination was practiced against ______.
A. Chinese - Americans
B. American Indians
C. Japanese - Americans
D. black Americans
30. From 1948 to 1966 average yearly growth in real spendable earnings was ______ percent in the United States.
A. 1.1
B. 2.1
C. 3.1
D. 4.1
31.After a period of prosperity (1920 ~ 1929), government involvement in the economy increased _________.
A. during the Great Depression
B. after the WW I
C. after the WW II
D. during the Cold War
32.The United States grows nearly _____ of the world's grain and supplies a half of all the exports of grain in the world.
A. one third
B. one fourth
C. one sixth
D. one seventh
33.Through the Department of _____, the President is responsible for the protection of Americans abroad and of foreign nationals in the United States.
A. State
B. Justice
C. Labor
D. Defense
34. The community college embodies ________ belief that an education should be practical as well as liberal.
A. George Washington's
B. Thomas Jefferson's
C. Abraham Lincoln's
D. Franklin Roosevelt's
35. The exploratory voyage made by ______ brought to a close to an era of European discovery of Australia that had lasted nearly two hundred years.
A. Arthur Philip
B. Mathew Flinders
C. Port Jackson
D. Peter Lalor
36. After the outbreak of the First World War, Australia followed Britain's lead and declared war on ________.
A. Japan
B. Turkey
C. Italy
D. Germany
37. The European discovery of Canada can be traced back to the end of the ______ century.
A. 14th
B. 15th
C. 16th
D. 17th
38. Northern provinces and territories tale up _____ of Canada.
A. half
B. two thirds
C. one third
D. four fifths
39. In New Zealand, hydroelectricity from rivers and dams supplies ________ of total energy.
A. 15%
B. 16%
C. 17%
D. 18%
40. In the United States, Halloween is night - time ______ holiday.
A. children's
B. men's
C. women's
D. old men's
41. Soon after _____, Britain not only gave up its economic hegemony but also suffered a deep loss of its position of industrial leadership.
A. 1900
B. the First World War
C. the Second World War
D. 1960
42. In the 1970s among the developed countries, Britain maintained the lowest _____ rate and the highest _____ rate.
A. inflation, growth
B. growth, inflation
C. growth, divorce
D. growth, birth
43. The following are all reasons of British decline of coal industry except _____.
A. the exhaustion of old mines
B. costly extraction
C. little money being invested
D. the labour shortage
44.Britain’s foreign trade is mainly with _____.
A. developing countries
B. other Commonwealth countries
C. other developed countries
D. EC
45. The House of Lords is presided over by _____.
A. the Lord Chancellor
B. the Queen
C. the Archbishop of Canterbury
D. the Prime Minister
46. A General Election is held every __ years and there are ___ members of Parliaments are elected.
A. five, 600
B. five, 650
C. five, 651
D. four, 651
47. The Prime Minister is appointed by _____ and he or she always sits in _____.
A. the Archbishop of Canterbury, the House of Commons
B. the Archbishop of Canterbury, the House of Lords
C. the Queen, the House of Commons
D. the Queen, the House of Lords
48. The ultimate authority for law-making resides in _____.
A. the Queen
B. the Cabinet
C. the House of Lords
D. the House of Commons
49. The sources of British law include _____.
A. statutes, common law, equity law and European Community law
B. statutes, common law and equity law
C. statutes, common law and European Community law
D. a complete code and statutes
50.In criminal trials by jury, _____ passes sentenced and _____ decide the issue of guilt or innocence.
A. the judge, the jury
B. the judge, the judge
C. the jury, the jury
D. the Lord Chancellor, the jury
51. ____ tries the most serious offences such as murder and robbery.
A. Magistrates’ courts
B. Youth courts
C. district courts
D. The Crown Court
52.London’s Metropolitan Police Force is under the control of _____.
A. the England secretaries
B. the Scottish Secretaries
C. Northern Ireland Secretaries
D. the Home Secretary
53.The National Health Service was established in the UK in _____ and based at first on _____.
A. 1948, Acts of Parliament
B. 1958, Acts of Parliament
C. 1948, the Bill of Rights
D. 1958, the Bill of Rights
54. The non-contributory social security benefits include the following except _____.
A. war pension
B. child benefit
C. family credit
D. unemployment benefit
55. Except that _____ may not be a Roman Catholic, public offices are open without distinction to members of all churches or of none.
A. the lord Chancellor
B. the Prime Minister
C. the Speaker
D. the ministers of all departments
56. About 90 per cent of the state secondary school population in the UK attend _____.
A. independent schools
B. junior schools
C. independent schools
D. primary schools
57. There are some ____ universities, including the Open University in U.k..
A. 900
B. 290
C. 90
D. 50
58. In Britain, children from the age of 5 to 16 can _____ by law.
A. receive completely free education
B. receive parly free education
C. receive no free education if their families are rich
D. receive no free education at all
59. With regard to its size, the USA is the _____ country in the world.
A. largest
B. second largest
C. third largest
D. fourth largest
60. In the following rivers, _____ has been called the American Ruhr.
A. the Mississippi
B. the Missouri
C. the Hudson
D. the Ohio
61. Among the following rivers, _____ forms a natural boundary between Mexico and the U.S.
A. the Potomac
B. the Columbia
C. the Rio Grande River
D. the Colorado
62. All the following universities and colleges are located in New England, except _____.
A. Yale
B. Harvard
C. Oxford
D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology
63.The nation’s capital city Washington D.C. and New York are located in _____.
A. the American West
B. the Great Plains
C. the Midwest
D. the Middle Atlantic States
64.The Midwest in America’s most important _____ area.
A. agricultural
B. industrial
C. manufacturing
D. mining industry
65. In the case of Brown versus Board of Education, the Supreme Court ruled that _____.
A. separate educational facilities had been illegal
B. educational facilities had been separate but equal
C. educational facilities had been equal
D. separate educational facilities were inherently unequal
66. The Chinese Exclusion Act was passed in _____.
A. 1882
B. 1883
C. 1900
D. 1924
67. The first immigrants in American history came from ____ and ____.
A. Ireland/France
B. England/China
C. Scotland/England
D. England/ Netherlands
68.Uncle Tom’s Cabin and Roots are two novels which give a vivid description of t he miserable life of the _____.
A. early settlers
B. Puritans
C. native Indians
D. black slaves
69.According to American historians and specialists in demography, there are _____ great population movement in the history of the United States.
A. two
B. three
C. four
D. five
70. Many early Chinese immigrants worked in the mining industry, especially in the _____.
A. gold mines
B. silver mines
C. coal mines
D. copper mines
71. The Declaration of Independence was drafted by _____.
A. James Madison
B. Thomas Jefferson
C. Alexander Hamilton
D. George Washington
72. On July 4, 1776, _____ adopted the Declaration of Independence.
A. the First Continental Congress
B. the Second Continental Congress
C. the Third Continental Congress
D. the Constitutional Convention
73. The victory of _____ was the turning point of the War of Independence.
A. Saratoga
B. Gettysburg
C. Trenton
D. Yorktown
74.Ten amendments introduced by James Madison in 1789 were added to the Constitution. They are knows as _____.
A. the Articles of Confederation
B. the Bill of Right
C. the Civil Rights
D. Federalist Papers
75.President Jefferson bought _____ from France and doubled the country’s territory.
A. New Mexico
B. the Louisiana Territory
C. Kansas
D. Ohio
76. The Declaration of Independence came from the theory of British philosopher _____.
A. Paul Revere
B. John Locke
C. Cornwallis
D. Frederick Douglass
77. During the WWII, the Axis powers were mainly made up by __.
A. Germany, France and Japan
B. France, Japan and Britain
C. Germany, Italy and Britain
D. German, Italy and Japan
78. The Progressive Movement is a movement demanding government regulation of the _____ and _____ conditions.
A. economy/political
B. social/political
C. economy/social
D. political/cultural
79. As a result of WWI, _____ was not one of the defeated nations.
A. Germany
B. Austro-Hungary
C. Ottoman
D. Russia
80. The aim of President Roosevelt’s New Deal was to “save American _____.”
A. economy
B. politics
C. society
D. democracy
81. The highest mountain in Britain is ____.
A. Scafell
B. Ben Nevis
C. the Cotswolds
D. the Forth
82. The longest river in Britain is _____.
A. the Clyde
B. the Mersey
C. the Severn
D. the Thames
83. The largest lake in Britain is _____.
A. the Lough Neage
B. Windermere Water
C. Coniston Water
D. the Lake District
84. Which part of Britain is always fighting?
A. England
B. Scotland
C. Wales
D. Northem Ireland
85. The immigrants coming to Britain are mainly from _____.
A. Europe
B. the United States
C. Africa
D. the West Indies, Indies and Pakistan
86. The first inhabitants in Britain were _____.
A. the Normans
B. the Celts
C. the Iberians
D. the Anglo-Saxons
87. British Recorded history began with _____.
A. Roman invasion
B. the Norman Conquest
C. the Viking and Danish invasion
D. the Anglo-Saxons invasion
88. In 829, _____ actually became the overlord of all the English.
A. John
B. James I
C. Egbert
D. Henry I
89. Christmas Day ____, Duke William was crowned in Westminster Abbey.
A. 1056
B. 1066
C. 1006
D. 1060
90. Henry II was the first king of the _____ dynasty.
A. Windsor
B. Tudor
C. Malcolm
D. Plantagenet
91. In 1265 ____ summoned the Great Council, which has been seen as the earliest parliament.
A. Henry III
B. the Pope
C. Barons
D. Simon de Montfort
92.The Hundred Years’ war stated in ____ and was ended in ____, in which the English had lost all the territories of France except the French port of ____.
A. 1337, 1453, Flanders
B. 1337, 1453, Calais
C. 1346, 1453, Argencourt
D. 1346, 1453, Brest
93. The Wars of Roses lasted for _____ years and king _____ was replaced by king _____.
A. 30, Richard III, Henry Tudor
B. 50, Richard III, Henry Tudor
C. 30, Richard I, Henry Tudor
D. 50, Richard I, Henry Tudor
94. The Renaissance began in ____ in the early ____ century.
A. England, 14
B. England, 15
C. Italy, 14
D. Italy, 15
95. The English Civil War is also called _____.
A. the Glorious Revolution
B. the Bloody Revolution
C. the Catholic Revolution
D. the Puritan Revolution
96.In _____, a small group of Puritans sailed from _____ in the Mayflower to be the first settlers in the New Land.
A. 1620, London
B. 1620, Plymouth
C. 1720, London
D. 1720, Plymouth
97.In the 18th century, there appeared ____ in England, which owed a great deal to the invention of machines.
A. the Industrial Revolution
B. the Bourgeois Revolution
C. the Wars of the Roses
D. the Religious Reformation
98. English colonial expansion began with the colonization of _____ in 1583.
A. Canada
B. Australia
C. India
D. Newfoundland
99. _____ was famous for his abdication because of his marriage with a divorced American:
A. Edward VIII
B. Edward VII
C. George VI
D. George VII
100. In January _____ Britain became a member of the European Economic Community.
A. 1957
B. 1967
C. 1973
D. 1979
二、名词解释题
101. the Church of England
102. the Labor Party
103.the Hundred Years’ War
104. public school
105. William the Conqueror
106. Whigs and Tories
107. the Great Charter
108. Oliver Cromwell
109. Puritans
110. Roman Invasion
111. separation of powers
112. the Second Continental Congress
113. New England
114. the Confederate States of America
115. WASPs
116. comprehensive high school
117.the “Second American War of Independence”
118. Louisiana Purchase
119. the National Security Council
120. the Mississippi River
三、填空题2
121. Britain is separated from the European continent by_____, North Sea and_____.
122. The chief ranges in England are the _____, and the ______.
123. Some of the large fishing ports in Britain are____, Grimsby and ____.
124. Parliament is the supreme legislative authority in Britain and consists of the House of ___, and the House of ____.
125. The early settlers on the British Isles were the ___ and ____.
126. In 1381, the peasants in ___ rebelled. They were determined to abolish___.
127. The American Industrial Revolution began in the year of ___ with its ___ industry. 128. American education is mainly classified into _____, ____ and higher.
129. The Enlightenment in America provided the colonists with a ___ and ___ weapon against the British rule.
130.President Nixon visited China in Feb, 19 ____. In the year of ___ the US established diplomatic relations with China.
131. The present sovereign of Britain is ______, and Prince ____ is the heir to the throne. 132. The Cabinet is composed of the most ____ ministers who meet regularly under the ___ of the Prime Minister.
133. From the middle of the 5th century three Teutonic groups, Anglos, Saxons and ____ began to migrate from the region of ____.
134.The 15th and 16th centuries were marked by the ___ of feudalism and the ___ of capitalism in English history.
135. The British Empire began with the founding of ___ in 1583, and fell after the ___ World War.
136. The Constitution of the United States follows two principles: the __system and the __ of powers.
137. In legislation the President of U.S. has a ___ power over bills passed by ___.
138.By the mid-19th century, the territory of the US had reached over ___ million square kilometers, about ___ times the size of the total area of the original thirteen states.
139. The Conservative Party developed out of the ___ Party, while the Liberal party developed out of the ____.
140. The ancestors of the English ______, while the Scots, Welsh and Irish the ______.
141.The Central Lowlands of Scotland include the valleys of the _____, _____ and Forth rivers.
142. The British did not adopt rational reforms such as____ system until 1975, and the ____ system until 1971.
143.The Hundred Year’s War was a war against ___ for the French crown and for the industrial city of ___.
144. Geographically speaking, the north and west of Britain are _______, while the east and south-east are mostly______.
145. The English Bourgeois Revolution exerted great influence on___ and the ____ revolutions in the 18th century.
146. The South's lending industries are those that make use of the _______ supply of natural resources and _____ materials.
147. Congress consists of the ____ and the House of _____.
148. In terms of their political administration, the thirteen British colonies can be divided into three types: the ____ colonies, the central colonies and the ____ colonies.
149. The three kinds of local governments under a state government are ____ governments, city, town, or ____ governments and local governments of districts set up for special purposes. 150. The Senate serves a term of _____ years, and every two years, _______ of the Senators stands for re - election.
151. The farmland in the eastern half of Britain is used for raising ___. Its chief agricultural products are wheat,_____, oats and potatoes.
152. The so-called “Glorious Revolution” was actually a bloodless ___ by the bourgeoisie in the year of ___.
153. The ___ conflict between the bourgeoisie and the Monarchy and the persecution of ___ constituted two of the major causes of the bourgeois revolution.
154. The Industrial Revolution was a revolution in both the ___ of production and the relations of production. It began in the ___ industry in the 1760s and lasted until 1830.
155. The Open University is so called because it is ___ to people of ___ages.
156.In the ____century a large number of Chinese were shipped to America as “____”
157. The earliest inhabitants in America were ___, who had come over from Asia by crossing the land bridge across the present ___ Strait.
158.The French and Indian War was fought between the ___ and the French, who were contending for the ___ Valley.
159. In February 1861, six of the slave states that had seceded from the Union formed the ____ and elected ___ as their president.
160. Secondary education in the US takes place in a variety of junior and senior high schools, which can be distinguished as vocational high school, ___ and ____.
161. ___ who gets the majority of the ___ votes is elected President of the US.
162. Christopher Columbus discovered the New World in the year of ___. He called the native Indians because he believed the islands to which he had come were off the coast of ___.
163. Oxford and Cambridge were the only universities in ___ until the ___ century.
164. In _____, the English Civil War broke out. The Cavaliers supported the king, while the Roundheads supported _______.
165. The highest point in Wales is ____ in the ____Mountain Range.
166. At the primary stage of the general election, the voters elect ___ to the national ___ of the two parties in each state.
167. In the first two decades after World War II the US government adopted a policy of Cold War and ___ in its relationship with the Soviet Union. This policy was later replaced by the policy of ___ for world hegemony.
168. According to their year of study, undergraduate students are called freshman, ____, junior and ____ respectively.
169.After the Civil War, Oliver Cromwell declared England a ______, later, he became _________.
170.Canada's early economic development was founded on a number of resource - based ______: fishing, forestry, _______ and mining.
四、简答题
（略）……
答案
一、单选题
1. D
2. B
3. B
4. C
5. D
6. C
7. C
8. A
9. D
10. B
11. A
12. D
13. B
14. B
15. D
16. C
17. D
18. D
19. D
21. C
22. B
23. B
24. D
25. A
26. B
27. C
28. D
29. D
30. B
31. A
32. B
33. A
34. B
35. B
36. D
37. B
38. D
39. C
40. A
41. C
42. B
43. D
44. C
45. A
46. C
47. C
48. D
49. A
50. A
51. D
52. D
53. A
54. D
55. A
56. D
57. C
58. A
60. D
61. C
62. C
63. D
64. A
65. D
66. A
67. D
68. D
69. C
70. A
71. B
72. B
73. A
74. B
75. B
76. B
77. D
78. C
79. D
80. D
81. B
82. C
83. A
84. D
85. D
86. C
87. A
88. C
89. B
90. D
91. D
92. B
93. A
94. C
95. D
96. B
97. A
99. A
100. C
二、名词解释题
101. The Church of England has a continuous history going back before the Reformation to the earliest days of English Christianity. Henry VIII declared himself head of the English Church in 1534. Later the influence of the Reformation led the English Church to go its own way in forms of worship and in doctrine. With Elizabeth I the Church of England was established on a moderate Protestant basis.
102.The Labor Party was founded in 1900 by a union between the Trade Union, the Independent Labor Party and the Fabian Society. It became the main opposition party after the First World War and won a majority in the House of Commons in 1945. It practices social democracy or bourgeois reformism.
103.In the 13th century, the English possessions on the European Continent were greatly reduced. For the more political and economic power, King Edward started a war against French in 1337 for the French crown. This war lasted for over one hundred years. By the time the war was ended, the English had lost all the territories they had gained during the war, except the French port of Calais.
104.Public school is a kind of independent schools in Britain. They are privately run and usually fee-paying. Public schools are known for their good facilities and prestige.
105.William was Duke of Normandy. He landed his army in Oct, 1066 and defeated king Harold. Then he was crowned king of England on Christmas Day the same year. He established a strong Norman government and the feudal system in England.
106. It referred to the two party names which originated with the Glorious Revolution of 1688. The Whigs were those who opposed absolute monarchy and supported the right to religious freedom for Nonconformists. The Tories were those who supported hereditary monarchy and were reluctant to remove kings. The Whigs formed a coalition with dissident Tories and became the Liberal Party. The Tories were the forerunners of the Conservative Party.
107.King John’s reign caused much discontent among the barons. In 1215, he was forced t o sign a document, known as Mangna Cara, or the Great Charter. It has 63 clauses. Though it has long been regarded as the foundation of English liberties, its spirit was the limitation of the king’s powers, keeping them within the bounds of the feudal law of the land.
108.The leader during the Civil War who led the New Model Army to defeat the king and condemned him to death. Then he declared England a Commonwealth and made himself Lord of Protector. He ruled England till the restoration of Charles II in 1660.
109. After the establishment of the Church of England in England, the people who believe in
the Church of England are called Puritans, who think they are the devoted worshipers of divine God, and they are purified.
110. In 55 and 54 B.C. Britain was twice invaded by Roman troops under Julius Caesar, but it was conquered by the Roman in 43 A.D. Britain then became a Roman province and so it remained until the beginning of the 5th century.
111.There is a division of powers among the three branches of the federal government: the legislative branch, the executive branch and the judicial branch. They are supposed to be independent of each other but each checks the other two so that no one can get all the power. 112. After the conflicts at Lexington, the Second Continental Congress was called in May 1775. Representatives from all the thirteen colonies met in Philadelphia to discuss the situation. One of the first decisions it made was to establish a regular army, with George Washington as commander-in-chief. On July 4, 1776, the Second Continental Congress adopted the Declaration of Independence.
113.New England region include Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Connecticut and Rhode Island. It became a center for lumbering, shipping and fishing. From the middle of the 17th century onward, it grew prosperous and Boston became one of America’s greatest ports.
114. Eleven days after the election of 1860, South Carolina seceded from the Union, and ten other slave states followed suit. In February 1861, six of the slave states that had seceded from the Union formed the Confederate States of America and elected Jefferson Davis Presidents of the Confederacy.
115. WASPs refer to the first colonial people, who were White Anglo-Saxon Protestants from England, Northern and Western Europe. They came to the Newfoundland for a freer religious and living environment.
116.The majority of American high schools are called comprehensive high schools because they offer secondary education for almost all high school age children and are responsible for providing good and appropriate education, both academic and vocational, for all young people. 117. It was a war fought between the United States and England from 1812 to 1814, in which the English took over the capital city Washington and burned down many of its public buildings, including the White House.
118. In 1803, President Jefferson, by taking advantage of the war in Europe, made Napoleon I agree to sell Louisiana Territory for $15 million. This was a vast region of more than 2.6 million square kilometers. The Louisiana Purchase doubled the territory of the new nation.
119. The National Security Council was set up in 1947 to advise the President on all matter related to national security. It does not make decisions; it makes suggestions to the President. 120. The Mississippi River is one of the world’s great rivers; it was known to American Indians as the “father of waters.” Water from the source of its main branch, the Missouri River, flows abut 6,400 kilometers from the northern Rocky Mountains, to the mouth of the Mississippi in the Gulf of Mexico.
三、填空题2
121. English Channel, Strait of Dover 122. the Pennines, the Cumbrian 123. Hull, Aberdeen
124. Lords, Commons
125. Iberians, Celts
126. Essex, serfdom
127. 1807, textile
128. elementary, secondary
129. theoretical, philosophical
130. 1972, 1973
131. Queen Elizabeth II, Charles 132. important, leadership
133. Jutes, Demark and Low Countries 134. decline, rise
135. Newfoundland, Second
136. federal, separation
137. veto, Congress
138. nine, ten
139. Tory, Whig
140. Anglo-Saxons, Celts
141. the Clyde, Tay
142. metric, money
143. France, Flanders
144. highlands, lowlands
145. French, American
146. abundant, raw
147. Senate, Representatives
148. New England, Southern
149. county, village
150. one, one third
151. crops, barley
152. revolution, 1688
153. economic, Puritans
154. method, textile
155. open, all
156. 19th, Coolies
157. American Indians, Bering
158. English, Ohio
159. Confederate States of America, Jefferson Davis 160. academic high school, comprehensive high school 161. The Presidential candidate, electoral
162. 1492, India
163. England, 19th
164. 1642, the Parliament
165. Snowdon, Cambrian
166. electors, conventions
167. Containment, contention
168. sophomore, senior
169. Commonwealth, Lord Protector
170. Industry, agriculture
四、简答题
（略）……
英语国家概况
英语国家概况-Land and people I. Different Names for Britain and its Parts 英国的不同名称及其各组成部分 1.Geographical names: the British Isles, Great Britain and England. 地理名称：不列颠群岛，大不列颠和英格兰。 2. Official name: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. 官方正式名称：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。 3. The British Isles are made up of two large islands-Great Britain (the larger one) and Ireland, and hundreds of small ones. 不列颠群岛由两个大岛—大不列颠岛（较大的一个）和爱尔兰岛，及成千上万个小岛组成。 4.Three political divisions on the island：England, Scotland and Wales. 大不列颠岛上有三个政治区：英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士。 (1) England is in the southern part of Great Britain. It is the largest, most populous section. 英格兰位于大不列颠岛南部，是最大，人口最稠密的地区。 (2) Scotland is in the north of Great Britain. It has three natural zones (the Highlands in the north; the Central lowlands; the south Uplands) Capital: Edinburgh 苏格兰位于大不列颠的北部。它有三大自然区：北部高地，中部低地及南部山陵。首府：爱丁堡。 (3) Wales is in the west of Great Britain. Capital: Cardiff 威尔士位于大不列颠的西部。首府：加的夫 (4) Northern Ireland is the fourth region of the UK. Capital: Belfast. 北爱尔兰是英国第四个区域。首府：贝尔法斯特。 5.The Commonwealth (of nations)is a free association of independent countries that were once colonies of Britain. It was founded in 1931, and has 50 member countries until 1991. 英联邦是独立的前英国殖民地组成的自由联合体。它成立于1931年，至1990年止已有50个成员国。 II. Geographical Features 英国的地理特征 1.Geographical position of Britain: 英国的地理位置： Britain is an island country surrounded by the sea. It lies in the North Atlantic Ocean off the north coast of Europe. It is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel in the south and the North Sea in the east. 英国是一个岛国。它位于大西洋北部，与欧洲大陆的北海岸隔海相望。南面的英吉利海峡和东面的北海将它与欧洲其它部分隔开。 2.The north and west of Britain are mainly highlands; and the east and southeast are mostly lowlands. 英国的西部和北部主要是高地，东部和东南部主要是低地。 III. Rivers and Lakes 河流与湖泊 Ben Nevis is the highest mountain in Britain (1,343m).
英语国家概况_习题集(含答案)
《英语国家概况》课程习题集西南科技大学成人、网络教育学院版权所有 习题 【说明】：本课程《英语国家概况》（编号为12010）共有单选题,名词解释题,简答题,填空题2等多种试题类型，其中，本习题集中有[简答题]等试题类型未进入。 一、单选题 1. Celts were different groups of ancient people who came originally from________ A. France B. Denmark C. Ireland D. Germany 2. Who invaded and conquered Britain for the first time in 55 BC? A. Emperor Claudius B. Julius Caesar C. King Alfred D. King Ethelred 3. Who is the author of Murder in the Cathedral? A. Christopher Marlowe B. T. S. Eliot C. Ben Johnson D. Thomas Becket 4.When Oliver Cromwell died in 1658, and was succeeded by his son, ______, the regime began immediately to collapse. A. Henry B. Hamilton C. Richard D. Charles 5. The 18th century saw selective breeding of cattle, sheep and houses by _________. A. Jethro Tull B. Thomas Coke C. George III D. Robert Bakewell 6. Which of the following is not one of the members of the Lords Temporal? A. all hereditary peers and peeresses of the England, Scotland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom (but not peers of Ireland) B. lire peers created to assist the House in its judicial duties C. senior bishops of the Church of England D. all other life peers 7. Two years after the ending of the Hundred Years’ War with France, England was thrown into another series of civil wars, ________. A. the War of the Celts
英语国家概况试卷
内蒙古广播电视大学2010-2011学年度 第二学期《英语国家概况1》期末试题 ⅠThere are 20 questions in this part. Each question is followed by four choices marked A,B,C and D. Choose the correct answer to each of the questions and write your answer at the corresponding place on the ANSWER SHEET.(20 points) 1.The following were the founding fathers of the AmericanRepublic except _____. A Thomas Jefferson B George Washington C William Penn D Benjamin Franklin 2.Which of the following statement was NOT correct? When the War of Independence was over, _____. A each new state had its own government B each new state made its own laws and handled all of its internal affairs C the national government was called the Congress with little power D the relationships between the states and the national government were clearly defined 3.Service industry does not include ____. A banking B management consultation C airline D steelmaking 4.Three of the following authors were Nobel Prize winner except _____. A Ernest Hemingway B Eugene O’Neill C William Faulkner D F. Scott Fitzgerald 5. ____ invented the telephone. A Samuel R.B. Morse B Alexander Graham Bell C Thomas Alva Edison D Reginald Fessenden 6.The main mountain range in the west of US stretching from the Canadian border to New Mexico is ____. A The Appalachian Mountains B The Rocky Mountains C The Green Mountains D TheBlue Ridge Mountains 7.Both public and private universities in the U.S. depend on the following sources of income except____. A investment B student tuition C endowments D government funding 8.____ was NOT written by Hemingway? A Light in August B The Sun Also Rises C A farewell to Arms D For Whom the Bell Tolls 9.In the United States school system, which of the following divisions is true? A Elementary school, grammar school B Elementary school, junior high school C Elementary school, secondary school D junior high school, senior high school 10.Which of the following does NOT belong to the white-collar crime? A bribery B tax evasion C false advertising D robbery 11.Which of the following was written by Thoreau? A Nature B Walden C The Scarlet Letter D The Fall of the House Usher 密 封 线 内 不 要 写 参 考 内 容 《英语国家概况1》第1页 共6页 《英语国家概况1》第2页 共6页
英语国家概况课程标准
英语国家概况课程标准 课程代码： 适用专业：商务英语 一、课程概述 1．课程性质 语言是文化的载体，文化是语言的基础。英语语言学习和英国国家文化相互依存、密不可分。一个优秀的英语语言学习者，若不了解该语言背后所承载的民族文化，其交际能力也会受到限制。该课程能使学生了解和掌握英美两国政治，历史，经济，社会，文化和教育等基本知识，了解英美国家社会发展、现状和影响这两个国家社会发展的因素，拓展学生的知识面，培养学生文化意识，启发学生了解西方社会，了解交际规则，增强学生的英语语言学习能力，为后续专业课程的学习打下一定的基础，进而为培养高技能应用型复合人才打下基础。 2．课程设计思路 本课程在设计上围绕合作学习法—任务型教学法、比较教学法、线索梳理法、启发式等教学法。 合作学习法—任务型教学法 合作学习法又称协作学习，是以合作学习小组为基本形式，系统利用教学中动态因素之间的互动，促进学生的学习，以团体成绩作为评价标准，共同完成教学活动。任务型教学法是一种以任务或活动为核心单位计划组织语言教学的途径,一种强调“在做中学”的语言教学方法。合作学习法与任务型教学法结合是指教师设计学习任务，指导并帮助学生以小组为单位通过合作、协商完成学习任务的教学过程。主要采用组织演示、演讲、讨论等形式。 2）比较教学法 比较教学法是在教学过程中，利用教学内容的相互联系和区别，促进学生掌握和巩固教学内容、达到教学目标的一种逻辑思维方法。例如，在学习美国的政体时，我们可以和英国政体、甚至是我国的政体进行比较，异中求同，同中求异。从而对“Parliament”、“Congress”和我国的NPC （The National People’s Congress）形成更深刻的理解。运用这种教学法不仅有利于学生掌握基本知识与技能，而且有利于提高学生的创造性思维能力。3）线索梳理法 线索梳理法，尤其是历史年代轴线表示法是表达历史线索最清晰的一种方式，这种方式的特点是易于梳理，可操作性强，非常直接，便于记忆。比如说，英国历史很长，如果不进行梳理，很难记忆，如果整理成一条线索，效果却不能同日而语： Early settlers——Roman invasions——Anglo-Saxons——the Viking and Danish Invasions——the Norman Conquest——William’s Rule——the Great Charter——the Hundred Year’s War——the English Reformation——the English Renaissance——the Civil War——the Glorious Revolution——the Industrial Revolution——the two World Wars 同样，美国历史部分可整理成这样一条线索： The war of Independence——the War of 1812——territorial expansion and Westward Movement——the Civil War——the two World Wars——the Cold War——the Berlin Blockade——the Civil Rights Movement in the 1950s——the Vietnam War 二、课程培养目标 1．知识目标 了解主要英语国家的地理，历史，经济和政治等方面的概况；了解主要英语国家的文化传统，风俗习惯和社会生活的其他有关情况。 2．技能目标 扩大知识面，有效弥补英语专业学生知识面窄的不足；提高英语阅读的能力和语言应用能力。 3．素质目标
《英语国家概况》模拟试卷(二)及答案
《英语国家概况》模拟试卷（二） (考试时间150分钟) (英语专业) I. Direction: Read the following unfinished statements of questions carefully. For each unfinished statement of question four suggested answers A; B, C and D are given. Choose the one you think best completes the statement or answers the question. Write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space on your answer sheet (25%) 1. There are ______ political divisions on the island of Great Britain. A. one B. two C. three D. four 2. Magna Carta had altogether 63 clauses of which the most important matters could be seen in three of the following except _______. A. no tax should be made without the approval of the Grand Council; B. no serf should be arrested, imprisoned or deprived of his property except by the law of the land C. London and other towns should retain their ancient rights and privileges D. There should be the same weights and measures through - out the country. 3. The first steam engine was devised by Thomas Newcomer at the end of the 17th century, and the Scottish inventor ________ modified and improved the design in 1765. A. Abraham Darby B. James Watt C. John Kay D. Richard Arkwright 4. In some areas factory farming methods are used, particularly for ________. A. growing crop B. producing milk C. catching fish D. rearing poultry 5. By tradition, the leader of the majority party is appointed ______ by the Sovereign in the United Kingdom. A. Prime Minister B. Member of Parliament C. Lord of Appeal D. Speaker of the House 6. Under the Anglo - Irish Treaty, Britain established _______ with dominion status in Ireland in 1921. A. the Anglican Church of Ireland B. the Irish Free State C. the Irish Republican Army
英语国家概况复习题及参考答案
《英语国家概况》复习题及参考答案 一Multiple choice ( 30’) ( ) 1 As a result of the Black Death, much land was left untended and there was a terrible shortage of ___ in England. A grain B farm tools C houses D labor ( ) 2 In the late 17th century, two of most famous literary works were Pilgrim’s Progress and _________ . A the Jew of Malta B the School of Archery C Novum Organum D Paradise Lost ( ) 3. In 1836, a group of skilled workers and _____ formed the London Working Men’s Association. A householders B tenants C small shopkeepers D office workers ( ) 4. In the Industrial Revolution, changes occurred earliest and quickest in the industry of ______. A. pottery B hardware C textiles D chemicals ( ) 5. In Britain police officers are not allowed to join ________ or to go on strike. A a choir B a political party C a trade union D a club ( ) 6 The Great Carter of 1215 is also known as _________. A People’s Charter B Magna Carta C King’s Charter D the Declaration of human rights ( ) 7 Henry Ⅱwas the first king of the ________ dynasty. A Malcolm B Plantagenet C Windsor D Tudor ( ) 8. __________ is the most typically English of sports A Cricket B Golf C Tennis D Horse-racing ( ) 9. By the Treaty of ______ of 1842, China ceded _______ to Britain. A Nanjing, Hong Kong B Tianjing, Hong Kong C Nanjing, Macau D Tianjing, Macau ( ) 10. In _______, the name Great Britain came into being. A 1689 B 1702 C 1701 D 1707 ( ) 11. The serious economic crisis in the late 1920s and the beginning of 1930s was first brought about by ___. A the farm failure B the bank failures C the stock market crash D the high unemployment ( ) 12．What are the problems that the U.S. economy has faced from time to time? A Inflation B Depressions C Recessions D all of the above ( ) 13．The real American literature began________. A after the war of Independence B after the Westward Movement C after the Civil War D after the Civil Rights Movement ( ) 14. In 1900, the United States ranked first in the production of ____ . A coal B electricity C oil D wheat ( ) 15. In the United States, if the parents don’t send their children to school at certain age, ________ . A the state government will be responsible for it B they will educate the children themselves C they can save a lot of money D they are breaking the law ( ) 16. The U.S. and China established their diplomatic relations in _____. A 1974 B 1972 C 1978 D 1979 ( ) 17 In his inaugural speech, ______ said that “the only thing we have to fear is fear itself.” A Woodrow Wilson B Theodore Roosevelt
英语国家概况课后题总结和答案
Chapter 1 land and people are the differences between Britain and the British Isles, Great Britain,England,the United Kingdom and the British Commonwealth The British Isles,Greant Britina and England are geographical names, no the official names of the country,while the official name is the United Kingdom,but the full name is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern British Commonwealth is a free association of independent countries that were once colonies of Britian. the geographical position of Britian Britain is an island country. It lies in the north Atlantic Ocean off the north coast of is separated from the rest of Europe by the English channel in the south and the North Sea in the east. in Great Britain are mostly highland and lowland The north and west of Britain are mainly highland, while the south and south-east are mostly lowlands. Britain have a favourable climate why Yes,it has a favourable climate, because it has a maritime type of climate---winters are mild,not too cold and summers are cool, not too has a steady reliable rainfall throughout the whole has a small range of temperature,too. are the factors which influence the climate in Britain Which part of Britain has the most rainfall and which part is the driest
英语国家概况社会文化入门简答题上册答案
u n i t7 1 (1)What are the purposes of the British education system (2)Please comment on these purposes. (3)What are the main purposes of the Chinese education system (4)Are there any differences or similarities in the education of the two nations 答：(1)The purpose of the British education system is to teach children practical skills and socialize them. (2)Children learn practical skills, and the rules and values they need to become good citizens, to participate in the community, and to contribute to the economic prosperity of an advanced industrial economy. (3)The purpose of the Chinese education is to provide children with literacy and the other basic skills they will need to become active members of society. (4) In china, people think school is just about teaching children what are often called” the three R’s---“reading, writing and ‘arithmetic”(reading, writing and arithmetic). 2. How does the British education reflect social class British education reflect the deeper divisions in British society in which social class is still very important: class inequality can be erased or continued according to education policy. What’s more, the enduring feature of British education is the continuing debate over how “equal” educational opportunity should be. In British, the accent you speak with, the clothes you wear, and the schools you attend are all markers that identify your social class. The school (or college)tie is a clear marker of social class. Even on informal occasions you will sometimes see men wearing their school ties as belts to hold up their trousers –proudly displaying their attendance at a certain school. In Britain, where you are educated is very important to you future. 3 what are the major changes that have taken place since World war 2 Is British education moving towards more progress or more equality Pick up some examples from the text to illustrate your points. Other major changes to the British education system were caused by world war Ⅱ。This time, the new system would emphasize equality. The result was the 1944 Education Act which made entry to secondary schools and universities”meritocratic”. Children would be abilities they displayed. All children were given the right to a free secondary education and the main concern was to make sure more children had access to a good education. In the 1960s,comprehensive schools were introduced all over the country, which ended the division between grammar schools----where the most academically capable pupils were sent to be prepared for university----and vocational school where less successful pupils were sent to learn allowed to let children "compete" for places. 4. Why does the author say that universities in Britain have been rather elitist 答：Most students were from the middle classes, attended good schools, performed well in their A-levels and received a fully-funded place in a university. In recent years, great efforts have been made to increase the numbers of and kinds of people that pursue higher education. Access for mature students and students without traditional A-level qualifications is widening. 5. (1) what is the Open University in Britain (2)What do you think of this system (1)The Open University offers a non-traditional route for people to take university level courses and receive a university degree. People can follow university courses through textbooks, TV and radio broadcasts, correspondence, videos, residential schools and a network of study centre. (2)It was the Open University which provided the inspiration for the founding of China’s TV and Radio University. Unit 8 British Foreign Relations 1.What and how did the British empire end How did the British react to this reality How did the end of British imperialism influence the psychology of the British and the making of Britain's foreign policy (1) The end of the great British empire was surprisingly rapid. In 1946, Jordan, in the Middle East, was granted independence. The following year, India and Pakistan followed suit. In 1948, Burma and Ceylon
英语国家概况总结资料全
Unit1 A Brief Introduction to the United Kingdom 1.The flag of Britain : Union Jack （英国国旗中没有显示出Welsh旗） 2. The basic information of each country: Count ry Capital Area Memo Englan d London 最大 1.最不会把自己的 “英格兰文化区 别于其他文化” 2.一个高度城市化
3.The time joining the British parliament: However, in 1707 by agreement of the English and Scottish parliaments, Scotland joined the Union. 4.Difference between the British Isles ,UK, Great Britain , and England: British Isles: the island of Great Britain the island of Ireland
surrounding isles ●UK=Great Britain + Northern Ireland ●Great Britain =England +Scotland + Wales 5.The four major invasions in the history of Great Britain : At first, England was occupied by Celtic people. Then in 43AD Britain was invaded by the Roman Empire. Result: England and Wales became a part of the Roman Empire for nearly 400 years. the Angle-Saxon invaded. Result: The land they lived became" Angle-land", later changed into England, the language they spoken became English. PS：One of the best-known English legends derives from this time. In 5 century AD, King Author(亚瑟王) united the British, and with his magical sword, Excalibur（被称为“王者之剑”的圣剑）,
英语国家概况复习题(1)
广东外语外贸大学成人高等教育 《英语国家概况》第一套复习题 I. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write T for True and F for False . ( 1.5 points each , 30 points in total ) 1.The island of Great Britain is geographically divided into three parts: England, Scotland and Wales. 2.People from different parts of Britain like to use the name England to refer to their country. 3.In terms of population and area, Northern Ireland is the second largest part of the United Kingdom. 4.Because of political troubles, Northern Ireland has been quite significant among the four constituent parts of the United Kingdom. 5.The majority of the people in Britain are descendants of the Anglo-Saxons. 6.The Celtic people are the earliest known inhabitants of Britain. 7.English changed into what is described as Modern English from the late 16th century. 8.The British history before 55 BC is basically undocumented. 9.The Celts became the dominant group in Britain between the 8th and 5th centuries BC. 10.The name of Britain came from a Celtic tribe – the Britons. 11.The Anglo –Saxons came to Britain in the mid-5th century. 12.The Vikings began to attack the English coasts in the 8th century. 13.Henry II built up a large empire which included England and most of France. 14.The Magna Carta was designed to protect the rights of both the privileged class and the townspeople. 15.The Hundred Years’War was a series of wars fought between England and Normans for trade and territory. 16.In an effort to make a compromise between different religious factions, Queen Elizabeth I actually defended the fruit of the Religious Reformation. 17.In reality, the British King or Queen is the source of all government powers. 18.British Parliament is the law-making body of the Commonwealth of Nations. 19.The members in the House of Commons in Britain are appointed rather than elected. 20.Britain was the first industrialized nation in the world. Answer keys: 1. T 2. F 3. F 4. T 5. T 6. T 7. F 8. T 9. T 10. T 11.T 12. T 13. T 14. F 15. F 16. T 17. F 18. F 19. F 20. T II. Choose the one that best completes each of the following statements. (2 points each, 40 points in total) 1. ___B_____ is the capitall city of Scotland. A. Belfast B. Edinburgh C. Aberdeen D. Cardiff 2. Among the four parts of the United Kingdom, ____D_____ is the smallest. A. England B. Scotland C. Wales D. Northern Ireland 3. Almost a quarter of the British population lives in ____B_______ England. A. northeastern B.southeastern C. northwestern D. southwestern