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2012年上海高考英语真题,含答案和详尽解析

2012年高考英语试题（上海卷）

考生注意：

1．考试时间120分钟，试卷满分150分。

2．本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。试卷分为第1卷（第1-12页）和第II卷（第13页），全卷共13页。所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

3．答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上。

第1卷（共105分）

I . Listening Comprehension

Section A

Directions：In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.

1. A. At a library. B. At a hotel. C. At a bank. D. At an airport.

2. A. Relaxed. B. Annoyed. C. Worried. D. Satisfied

3. A. Doctor and patient. B. Shop owner and customer.

C. Secretary and boss.

D. Receptionist and guest.

4. A. He would have thrown $300 around. B. $300 is not enough for the concert.

C. Sandy shouldn't have given that much.

D. Dave must be mad with the money

5. A. She lives close to the man. B. She changes her mind at last.

C. She will turn to her manager.

D. She declines the man's offer.

6．A.2 B.3． C.4．D．5

7. A. Both of them drink too much coffee.

B. The woman doesn't Like coffee at all.

C. They help each other stop drinking coffee.

D. The man is uninterested in the woman's story

8. A. He doesn't. mind helping the woman.

B. He hesitates whether to help or not.

C. He'll help if the woman doesn't mind

D. He can't help move the cupboard.

9. A. He's planning to find a new job.

B. He prefers to keep his house in a mess.

C. He's too busy to clean his house

D. He has already cleaned his new house,

10. A. She doesn't agree with the man.

B. She is good at fmding a place to stay.

C. She could hardly find the truth.

D. She had no travel expei/ence in Britain.

Section B

Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.

Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage

11. A. Use the company's equipment. B. Give orders to robots

C. Make decisions for the company.

D. Act as Big Brother.

12. A. Employees gain full freedom. B. Employees suspect one another.

C. Employees' children are happy.

D. Employees enjoy working there.

13. A. Reward. B. Safety. C. Trust. D. Honesty

Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage

14. A. Canada had a smaller population. B. Land was cheaper in Canada.

C. They wanted to continue the Revolution.

D. They were against Britain.

15. A. They standardized Canadian English.

B. They settled there after the Revolution.

C. They enjoy a very high social position.

D. They make up a small part of the population

16. A. It is considered unique to some extent. B. It is greatly influenced by French.

C. It is mainly linked to British culture.

D. It dates back to the late 17th century.

Section C

Directions: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.

Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.

Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.

Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.

Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.

II. Grammar and Vocabulary

Section A

Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.

25. passion, people won't have the motivation or the joy necessary for creative thinking.

A.For .

B.Without

C.Beneath

D.By

答案：B本题主要考察介词以及句子的基本意义。学生可能由于单词积累不够造成句子意思看不懂，答案选错。

26. Is honesty the best policy? We _ that it is when we are little.

A. will teach

B. teach

C. are taught

D. will be taught

答案：C 本题考察被动语态以及单词的用法，由teach的用法teach sb,sth.，可以看出teach后面跟双宾，所以只能用被动语态，又因为时态一致所以只能选择C.学生可能因为teach用法不清晰而出错。

27. As Jack left his membership card at home, he wasn't allowed into the sports club.

A. going

B. to go

C. go

D. Gone

答案：B，本题考察单词allow的用法，allow sb. to do sth.和allow doing sth.，但是变成被动语态是sb. is allowed to do sth.，所以选择B。学生可能因为allow后面没有宾语而直接选择了A。

28. The new law states that people _ drive after drinking alcohol.

A. wouldn't

B. needn't

C. won't

D. mustn't

答案D，本题考察情态动词以及句子的基本意义，句子意义为新的法律规定禁止人们在酒后驾车，而mustn‘t是禁止的意思，所以选D。学生可能因为不清楚state 的意义而选错。

29. Only with the greatest of luck _ to escape from the rising flood waters.

A. managed she

B. she managed

C. did she manage

D. she did manage

答案:C本题考察Only放句首时的部分倒装，既把情态动词，be动词或者助动词充当的部分谓语提前，故答案为C，学生可能会把全部倒装和部分倒装混淆选择了A。

30. - I hear that Jason is planning to buy a car.

-I know. By next month, he _ enough for a used one.

A. will have saved

B. will be saving

C. has saved

D. Saves

答案A，本题考察时态的用法，根据时间状语by next time,可以判断出要使用将来

完成时态，故答案为A。学生可能不清楚将来完成时态的用法而选择了C。

31. When he took his gloves off, I noticed that one had his name written inside.

A. each

B. every

C. other

D. Another

答案A，本题考察代词的用法，根据句意应该是每一只手套上里面都写有他的名字，every 强调总体，other和another根据句意排除，所以只能选择A。学生可能因为不清楚every 和each的区别而选错。

32. I have a tight budget for the trip, so I'm not going to fly _ the airlines lower ticket prices.

A. once

B.if

C. after

D. Unless

答案为D，本题考察时间状语从句以及连接词的意义，句意为我这次旅行预算很紧，所以除非航空公司降低机票价格，否则我是不会乘坐飞机的，所以答案为D。学生肯能会因为句子意义没有看懂或者对连接词的意义混淆而选错。

33. When Peter speaks in public, he always has trouble _ the right things to say.

A. thinking of

B. to think of

C. thought of

D. think of . 答案A，本题考察固定搭配，have trouble in doing sth.所以答案为A。学生可能由于固定搭配不清楚而出错。

34. There is much truth in the idea _ kindness is usually served by frankness.

A. why

B. which

C. that

D. Whether

答案C，本题考察同位语从句，前面有一个名词作为先行词Idea,后面句子成分完整，所以不可能为定语从句，又因为从句的内容就是先行词idea，所以判断该句为同位语从句，选择C。学生可能会把定语从句和同位语从句搞混淆而选择了B。

35. Have you sent thank-you notes to the relatives from _ _ you received gifts?

A. which

B. them

C.that

D. Whom

答案为D，本题考察定语从句，首先从前后两个句子的谓语判断该空为连词，所以排除B，前面有介词from，排除C，又根据receive sth. from sb.，看出后面从句成分不完整，所以该句为定语从句，whom指人，而which指物，所以答案为D。学生可能因为没有分析清楚receive的用法认为后面的句子完整而选择了C。

36. The club, _ _ 25 years ago, is holding a party for past and present members.

A. founded

B. founding

C. being founded

D. to be founded

答案A，本题考察非谓语，首先这个俱乐部是被人建立的所以排除B，又因为25years ago，排除表示将来的D和表示正在进行的C，所以答案为A。学生可能因为混淆动名词的被动和过去分词而选错。

37. - Was it by cutting down staff _ _she saved the firm?

- No, it was by improving work efficiency.

A.when

B.what

C.how

D.that

答案D，本题考察强调句型的用法，看见it was就要想到是否是强调句，把it was 和该空去掉，该句依然成立，不缺任何成分，所以该句为强调句，故答案为D。学生可能由于不清楚强调句型的用法而选择错误。

38. - We've only got this small bookcase. Will that do?

- No, _ _ I am looking for is something much bigger and stronger.

A. who

B. that

C. what

D. Which

答案C，本题考察名词性从句里的主语从句，根据look for sth.可以判断出该句子是缺少宾语的，that 在名词性从句中不充当成分和意义，what即可以充当主语，也可以充当宾语，所以答案为C。学生可能由于不清楚选项当中的连接词的意义以及在名词性从句中充当的成分而出现错误。

39. "Genius" is a complicated concept, _ _ many different factors.

A.involved

B.involving ,

C.toinvolve

D.beinginvolved

答案B，本题考察非谓语，是这个概念的内容本身包含，所以排除A和D，而这个概念现在本身就包含，所以排除表示将来的C，所以答案为B。学生可能会混淆现在分词和过去分词的用法而选择错误。

40. The map is one of the best tools a man has _ _ he goes to a new place.

A. whenever

B. whatever

C. wherever

D. However

答案为A，本题考察让步状语从句，根据句意可以得出答案。学生可能由于句子意义没有分析清楚而选择了C。

Section B

Directions:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. maintained

B. serious

C. indications

D. figures

E. anxious

F. concern G crisis H. decided I. available J. reversed

Filmgoers should be told how many calories there are in the popcorn, ice cream and soft

drinks that they buy in cinemas, according to the Food Standard Agency.

Smaller popcorn buckets and drink cups should also be made 41 , the nutrition inspector said.

Tim Smith, chief executive of the agency, told The 77mes that cinemas should help to deal with the country's overweight 42 .

"There is a misbelief that popcorn is calorie-free, but that is not the case. It is a 43 to us," he said. "Portion sizes are also a big issue, and there seems to be increasingly big packs on sale."

He spoke as a number of food chains such as Pret A Manger, Wimpey and The Real Greek 44 to put calorie counts on all their menus.

A trial scheme（试行方案）with 21 food companies took place last summer, and 45 are that consumers altered their buying habits when they realised the number of calories in a product.

A consultation(征询意见) on the trial ends next month but Mr Smith is already planning the second drive for American-style calorie counts and is 46 to win support from cinemas and other entertainment places, from football grounds to concert halls.

Government 47 suggest that two thirds of adults and a third of children are overweight. If trends are not 48 , this could rise to almost nine in ten adults and two thirds of children by 2050, putting them at 49 risk of heart disease, cancer and other diseases.

41，答案I，根据make的用法，得知如果变成被动后面要加不定式，所以排除十个单词里的动词，只能从形容词选择，根据句意得出答案为I。学生可能因为make 是动词需要副词修饰而选择错误。

42，答案G，根据单词overweight的形容词性可以判断该空为名词，根据句意答案为G.学生可能因为无法判断overweight的词性而选择错误。

43，答案F，根据不定冠词a可以判断该空为可数的单数名词，根据上下文可以判断出答案为F。学生可能因为不知道concern有名词词性而出错。

44，答案H，根据该空所在的宾语从句，可以判断出该句缺谓语，所以需要填一个动词，又根据该空后面的to，可以判断出此动词后面须加不定式，故答案为H，学生可能由于分析不清楚本句的成分而无法判断此空的词性，进而选择错误。

45，答案为C，根据句子成分可以判断出此空却主语，因此应该在是个选项当中找出名词进行筛选，根据谓语动词are判断此处应该为可数名词的复数，再根据词义判断出答案为C。学生可能由于无法判断indication的意思而选错。

46，答案为E，根据句子成分可以判断出be动词后面缺形容词，根据句意选择E，这里学生可能因为没有准确把控上下文的意义而在serious和anxious两个词中纠结，导致选错。

47，答案为D，根据suggest可以判断出本句缺主语，虽然前面已经有一个government，但是根据宾语从句可以判断出主语不完整，从句意思为三分之二的成年人和三分之一的小孩儿超重，所以前面一定是和数字有关的名词，所以答案为D，学生可能因为不清楚figure有数据的意思而选择错误。

48，答案为J，根据句子成分分析，这里不是形容词就是被动语态缺过去分词，根据句子意思，可知道答案为J，意思为趋势不被扭转，到了2050年，可能会导致十分之九的成年人和三分之二的小孩儿超重，所以答案为J，学生可能会在惯性思维选个形容词上去，即便分析出来是过去分词也可能因为不清楚reverse和maintain的意义而选错。

49，答案为B，根据at risk这个词组可以判断出risk这里为名词，需要一个形容词来修饰，所以答案为B，学生在这里可能会想当然的认为risk是动词而选错答案。

III. Reading Comprehension

Section A

Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,

B, C and D. Fillin each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

People on a college campus were more likely to give money to the March of Dimes if they were asked for a donation by a disabled woman in a wheelchair than if asked by a nondisabled woman. In another 50 , subway riders in New York saw a man carrying a stick stumble（绊脚）and fall to the floor. Sometimes the victim had a large red birthmark on his 51 ; sometimes he did not. In this situation, the victim was more likely t0 52 aid if his face was spotless than if he had an unattractive birthmark. In 53 these and other research findings,two themes are 54 : we are more willing to help people we like for some reason and people we think _ 55 _ assistance.

In some situations, those who are physically attractive are more likely to receive aid. 56 , in a field study researchers placed a completed application to graduate school in a telephone box at the airport. The application was ready to be 57 , but had apparently been "lost" . The photo attached to the application was sometimes that of a very 58 person and sometimes that of a less attractive person. The measure of helping was whether the individual who found the envelope actually mailed it or not. Results showed that people were more likely to 59 the application if the person in the photo was physically attractive.

The degree of _ 60 between the potential helper and the person in need is also important.

For example, people are more likely to help a stranger who is from the same country rather than a foreigner. In one study, shoppers on a busy street in Scotland were more likely to help a person

wearing a(n) 61 T-shirt than a person wearing a T-shirt printed with offensive words.

Whether a person receives help depends in part on the "worth" of the case. For example,shoppers in a supermarket were more likely to give someone . 62 _ to buy milk rather than to buy cookies, probably because milk is thought more essential for 63 than cookies.Passengers on a New York subway were more likely to help a man who fell to the ground if he appeared to be 64 rather than drunk.

50. A.study B.way C.word D.college

51. A. hand B. arm C. face D. back

52. A.refuse B.beg C.lose D.receive

53. A. challenging B. recording C. understanding D. publishing

54. A.important B. possible C. amusing D. missing

55. A.seek B.deserve C.obtain D.accept

56. A. At first B. Above all C. In addition D. For example

57. A.printed B.mailed C.rewritten D.signed

58. A. talented B. good-looking C. helpful D. hard-working

59. A. send in B. throw away C. fill out D. turn down

60. A. similarity B. friendship C. cooperation D. contact

61. A.expensive B.plain C.cheap D.strange

62. A.time B.instructions C.money D.chances

63. A. shoppers B. research C. children D. health

64. A. talkative B. handsome C. calm D. Sick

解析：

50，答案为B，根据第六行的最后一个单词research，得出答案，学生可能由于上文当中出现的college而选择答案D，联系上下文不难得出这是一项研究。51，答案为C，根据下文当中的his face was spotless，可得出答案，此处学生可能由于考试紧张没有注意到上下文的联系而猜错。

52，答案为D，根据四个选项的意思得出答案为D，句意为如果受害者的脸毫无瑕疵，比起那些脸上有丑陋胎记的受害者，他更可能接受到帮助，显然A,B.C三个选项的意义都不符合句意。这里学生可能由于不知道victim或选项的意义而选错。

53，答案为C，根据句意和上下文可判断答案为C，其他三个选项都不符合句意。学生可能因为选项意义的混淆以及对上下文的把控不到位而选错。

54，答案为A，根据四个选项的意思和句意可以判断出答案为A，此题学生错的原因同上

55，答案为B，根据句意是我们认为值得帮助的人，所以答案为B，选项A，意思为寻求，选项C意思为获得，选项D为接受，都不符合句意

56，答案为D，根据第四段句首以及选项后面所举出的例子可得知答案为D，学生可能以为没有分析清楚后面的段落是例子而选错答案。

57，答案为B，根据本段第六行的第二个单词可得出答案，学生可能由于没有仔细的分析上下文而选错答案。

58，答案为B，根据本段的最后一行的最后两个单词以及第五行的less attractive 得出答案为B，学生可能没有和上下文作对比而猜答案。

59，答案为A，根据上文当中的mail，动词意思为邮寄，答案为A，学生可能由于上文当中的mail就没有猜出来，导致出错。

60，答案为A，根据倒数第二段的第一句话，人们可能更愿意帮助来自同一国家的人而不是外国人，判断答案为A。

61，答案为B，根据offensive的意义以及句子的意义判断出答案位B，学生可能由于不清楚plain和offensive的意思而选错。

62，答案为C，根据该空后面的to buy milk，显而易见得出答案为C，除非粗心，本题学生不会出错。

63，答案为D，根据句意和essential的意思可以判断出答案为D，学生可能由于不清楚essential的意思而选错答案。

64，答案为D，通过对四个选项的单词意义作对比以及句子的意义和句子当中fell to the ground可以判断出D为最佳答案，学生可能没有注意到fall to the ground 而选错答案。

Section B

Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

(A)

Phil White has just returned from an 18,OOO-mile, around-the-world bicycle trip. White had two reasons for making this epic journey. First of all, he wanted to use the trip to raise money for charity, which he did. He raised ~70,000 for the British charity, Oxfam. White's second reason for making the trip was to break the world record and become the fastest person to cycle around the world. He is still waiting to find out if he has broken the record or not.

White set off from Trafalgar Square, in London, on 19th June 2004 and was back 299 days later. He spent more than l,300 hours in the saddle（车座）and destroyed four sets of tyres and three bike chains. He had the adventure of his life crossing Europe, the Middle East, India, Asia, Australia, New Zealand and the Americas. Amazingly, he did all of this with absolutely no support team. No jeep carrying food, water and medicine. No doctor. Nothing! Just a bike and a very, very long road.

The journey was lonely and desperate at times. He also had to fight his way across deserts, through jungles and over mountains. He cycled through heavy rains and temperatures of up t0 45 degrees, all to help people in need. There were other dangers along the road. In Iran, he was chased by armed robbers and was lucky to escape with his life and the little money he had. The worst thing that happened to him was having to cycle into a headwind on a road that crosses the south of Australia. For l,000 kilometres he battled against the wind that was constantly pushing him. This part of the trip was slow, hard work and depressing, but he made it in the end. Now Mr.White is back and intends to write a book about his adventures.

65. When Phil White returned from his trip, he _.

A. broke the world record

B. collected money for Oxfam

C. destroyed several bikes

D. travelled about l,300 hours

答案为D，根据第二段第二行，可以判断出答案为D，首先根据第一段最后一句话可以判断出选项A，错误，根据第二段的第二行，可以判断出C错误，不是毁坏了几个自行车，而是毁坏了四个轮胎和三个自行车链，这里学生很可能由于没有看清楚题干而选择了B，题干是说当他旅行回来，并没有说旅行中。

66. What does the word "epic" in Paragraph l most probably mean?

A. Very slow but exciting.

B. Very long and difficult.

C. Very smooth but tiring.

D. Very lonely and depressing.

答案为B，根据文章中18000-mile，以及第三段第一行和第二行fight his way across deserts,through jungles and over mountains,heavy rains和up to 45 degrees判断出答案。此处学生很可能由于猜词就潜意识的放弃了，随便选择，而不是根据上下文的意义判断出答案。

67. During his journey around the world, Phil White _ .

A. fought heroically against robbers in Iran

B. experienced the extremes of heat and cold

C. managed to ride against the wind in Australia

D. had a team of people who travelled with him

答案为C，根据文章中第三段第三行说他逃离了伊朗的抢劫犯，而不是对抗抢劫犯，所以选项A排除，根据文章中第三段第二行得知只有很热没有很冷，所以选项B排除，根据第三段第一行lonely排除选项D，根据第三段的倒数第四行cycle into a headwind on a road that crosses the south of Australia得出答案为C。学生可能会因为没有找到相应的段落而出错。

68. Which of the following words can best describe Phil White?

A. Imaginative.

B. Patriotic.

C. Modest.

D. Determined.

答案为D，根据文章全文得出Phil White经历了很多的磨难终于完成了旅途，得知他是一个有坚定决心的人，所以答案为D。学生可能会由于没有理解全文的主旨大意而出错。

(B)

The value-packed, all-inclusive

sight-seeing package that

combines the best of Sydney's

harbour, city, bay and beach

highlights.

A SydneyPass gives you unlimited and flexible travel on the Explorer Buses: the 'red' Sydney Explorer shows you around our exciting city sights wlrile the 'blue' Bondi Explorer visits Sydney Harbour bays and famous beaches. Take to the water on one of three magnificent daily harbour cru/ses(游船). You can also travel free on regular Sydney Buses,Sydney Ferries or CityRail services (limited area), so you can go to every corner of this beautiful city.

Imagine browsing at Darling Harbour, sampling the famous seafood at Watsons Bay or enjoying the city lights on an evening ferry cruise. The possibilities and plans are endless with a SydneyPass. Wherever you decide to go, remember that bookings are not required on any of our services so tickets are treated on a first in, first seated basis.

SydneyPasses are avai-lable for 3, 5 0r 7 days for use over a 7 calendar day period. With a 3 or 5 day pass you choose on which days out of the 7 you want to use it. All SydneyPasses include a free Airport Express inward trip before starting your 3, 5 0r 7 days, and Lhe return trip is valid (育效的) for 2 months from the first day your ticket was used.

SydneyPass Fares

*A child is defined as anyone from the ages of 4 years to under ~6 ye rs. Children under 4 years travel free.

**A family is defined as 2 adults and any number of children from 4 to under 16 years of age from the same family.

69. A SydneyPass doesn7t offer unlimited rides on

A. the Explorer Buses

B. the harbour cruises

C. regular Sydney Buses

D. CityRail services

答案为D，根据第一段最后一行判断出正确答案，学生可能由于没有找准原文当中相应的句子而出错。

70. With a SydneyPass, a traveller can _.

A. save fares from and to the airport

B. take the Sydney Explorer to beaches

C. enjoy the famous seafood for free

D. reserve seats easily in a restaurant

答案为A，根据文章第三段的第二行和第三行得出正确答案，学生可能看见文章当中的专有名词过多，觉得专有名词不用理解，而忽略这些专有名词附近的句子。

71. If 5-day tickets were to be recommended to a mother who travelled with her colleague and

her children, aged 3, 6 and 10, what would the lowest cost be?

A. $225.

B. $300.

C. $360.

D. $420.

答案为C，根据表格下面第一段得知四岁以下小孩儿免费，根据表格里的价钱得知两个大人的钱和两个小孩儿的钱，所以应该是120+120+60+60=360，故答案为C，学生可能没有注意看表格下面带星号的内容而选错，也可能没有看清楚题干说是要最少的成本而选错。

(C)

Researchers in the psychology department at the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) have discovered a major difference in the way men and women respond to stress. This difference may explain why men are more likely to suffer from stress-related disorders.

Until now, psychological research has maintained that both men and women have the same "fight-or-flight" reaction to stress. In other words, individuals eicher react with aggressive behavior, such as verbal or physical conflict ("fight"), or they react by withdrawing from the stressful situation ("flight"). However, the UCLA research team found that men and women have quite different biological and behavioral responses to stress. While men often react to stress in the fight-or-flight response, women often have another kind of reaction which could be called "tend and befriend." That is, they often react to stressful conditions by protecting and nurturing their young ("tend"), and by looking for social contact and support from others - especially other females 《'befriend").

Scientists have long known that in the fight-or- flight reaction to stress, an important role is played by certain hormones(澈素) released by the body. The UCLA research team suggests that the female tend-or-befriend response is also based on a hormone. This hormone, called oxytocin,has been studied in the context of cFuldbirt.h, but now it is being studied for its role in the response of both men and women to stress. The principal investigator, Dr. Shelley E. Taylor,explained that "animals and people with high levels of oxytocin are calmer, more relaxed, more social, and less anxious." While men also secrete【分泌）oxytocin, its effects are reduced by male hormones.

In terms of everyday behavior, the UCLA study found that women are far. more likely than men to seek social contact when they are feeling stressed. They may phone relatives or friends, or ask directions if they are lost.

The study also showed how fathers and mothers responded differently when they came home to their family after a stressful day at work. The typical father wanted to be left alone to enjoy some peace and quiet. For a typical mother, coping with a bad day at work meant focusing her attention on her children and their needs.

The differences in responding to stress may explain the fact that women have lower frequency of stress-related disorders such as high blood pressure or aggressive behavior. The tend-and-befriend regulatory(调节的) system may protect women against stress, and this may explain why women on average live longer than men.

72. The UCLA study shows that in response to stress, men are more likely than women to .

A. turn to friends for help

B. solve a conflict calmly

C. find an escape from reality

D. seek comfort from children

答案C，根据文章当中第二段第六行和第七行的内容得知A和D是女人更倾向做的事情，故排除，根据文章当中第三段第六行animals and people with high levels of oxytocin are calmer, more relaxed, more social, and less anxious."，并没有提到男人会很冷静的处理矛盾，故排除B，根据文章当中的第二段第五行，男人才会有fight-or-flight response,而该词组的意义再第二段的第二，三行已经指出，既eicher react with aggressive behavior, such as verbal or physical conflict ("fight"), or they react by withdrawing from the stressful situation ("flight").所以判断答案为C。学生可能会没有看清楚题干而选择了A或者D，也可能因为对文中fight-or-flight response的含义把控不准确而选错。

73. Which of the following is true about oxytocin according to the passage?

A. Men have the same level of oxytocin as women do.

B. Oxytocin used to be studied in both men and women.

C. Both animals and people have high levels of oxytocin.

D. Oxytocin has more of an effect on women than on men.

答案为D，文章当中并没有提到男人和女人的oxytocin水平一样，所以排除A，根据第三段的第四行，but now it is being studied for its role in the response of both men and women to stress，判断出是现在被研究，故排除B，根据文章当中第三段第六行"animals and people with high levels of oxytocin are calmer, more relaxed, more social, and less anxious."，并没有提及人类和动物的oxytocin水平很高，只是说oxytocin水平越高，就越冷静，越放松，所以排除C，根据第三段最后一行，While men also secrete【分泌）oxytocin, its effects are reduced by male hormones.可以判断出答案为D。由于文章当中找不到确切的答案，学生可能由于推断

不准确而瞎猜题，导致错误。

74. What can be learned from the passage?

A. Male hormones help build up the body's resistance to stress.

B. In a family a mother cares more about children than a father does.

C. Biological differences lead to different behavioral responses to stress.

D. The UCLA study was designed to confirm previous research findings.

答案为C，根据第三段的第六七行"animals and people with high levels of oxytocin are calmer, more relaxed, more social, and less anxious." While men also secrete【分泌）oxytocin, its effects are reduced by male hormones.可以排除选项A，根据倒数第二段的二三行，The typical father wanted to be left alone to enjoy some peace and quiet. For a typical mother, coping with a bad day at work meant focusing her attention on her children and their needs.文章当中只说压力过后父母回家的状态，并没有说妈妈比爸爸更关心小孩，所以排除选项B，根据文章当中第二段第四行However, the UCLA research team found that men and women have quite different biological and behavioral responses to stress. 可以判断不是证明先前的发现，而是推翻，所以排除答案D，根据文章当中总体大意的分析，以及第二段第四行可以判断出答案为C。这里学生可能由于看到文章当中倒数第二段的二三行而选择了答案B，自己进行比较，但是却没有注意到文章中只是客观的陈述了现象，并没有进行比较。

75. Which of the following might be the best ti.tle of the passage?

A. How men and women get over stress

B. How men and women suffer from stress

C. How researchers overcome stress problems

D. How researchers handle stress-related disorders

答案为A，根据文章中的总体大意可以判断出答案，学生可能由于对文章大意的掌握不够准确在选项A和B中纠结，所以选错。

Section C

Directions: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A-F for each

paragraph. There is one extra heading which you do not need.

A. When a child should learn to read

B. Why it is fun to teach a child reading

C. What if a child has reading problems

D. How you prepare a young child for reading

E. What is the best way to teach a child reading

F. Whether reading early promises later achievements

76.

Learning to read early has become one of those indicators - in parents' minds at least – that their child is smart. In fact, reading early has very little to do with whether a child is successful academically. Research has shown that difficulty with reading is often due not to inferior intelligence but to differences in the developmental wiring of each individual child. In some cases, there are neurological problems and developmental lags that can be overcome with proper training.

答案为F，根据该段第二行可以得出答案。学生可能由于第二段的第三行误选答案C。没有看清楚C的题目开头是WHAT IF，是在假设的情况下，而且标题如果是WHAT IF段落一定会给出具体的方式和方法。

77.

Traditionally, American schools teach children at age six, but many schools begin teaching

informally in kindergarten and pre-kindergarten. If parents start too early to encourage reading,and a child does not immediately succeed, the parent has a hard time relaxing and letting the child go at his or her own pace.

答案为A，根据本段第一行at age six,，和最后一行at his or her own pace.可以判断出答案为A，学生可能会误选答案D，没有看清楚D是以HOW提问的，对HOW的回答一定是方式方法，所以本段答案为A。

78.

Over the years, research has proved that the use of both the e&whole language" method and the "phonic" method works best for a child to master reading. While the whole language approach, which includes reading to children and getting them interested in both the activity of reading and the story they are reading, is helpful, phonics must be taught. Children must be taught that one of the squiggles they see is a "p" and another a "b". Getting the print off the page requires a different ability than being able to understand the meaning of what is written.

答案为E，根据该段第二行"phonic" method works best for a child to master reading. ，由于文章中确切的信息很明显，学生一般不会出错。

79.

You can start developing the skills needed in reading at a very young age without putting any pressure on children. Besides reading to them, parents can start "ear training" their child by playing thyme games. This develops the child's ability to recognize different sounds. In reading to children, parents also can point to words as they go, teaching the child that the funny lines on the page are the words you are saying. All this should be a fun activity.

答案为D，根据该段第一行可以得出答案为D，学生可能由于77题选D而导致本题出错。

80.

Once a child is in school, the learning of reading is inevitably more serious. For children who have some kind of reading difficulty, you must get a professional diagnosis. While the teacher might say the child is merely disinterested but will get over it, disinterest or poor performance in reading can stem from a number of things, some being very specific learning disabilities that can be identified and worked on. But it is very tricky for parents to deal with their own child's learning disabilities.

答案为C，根据该段第一二行，可以判断出答案为C，学生可能由于76题选C而导致本题出错。

Section D

Directions: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.

While contact between adolescents (between the ages of fifteen and nineteen) and their peers crd龄人) is a universal characteristic of all cultures, the nature and the degree of such contact vary a great deal. In American contemporary society, adolescents spend much more time with their peers than with younger children or adults.

This pattern of age segregation(隔离) in American society did not become usual until the beginning of the industrialized society. Changes in the workplace separated children from adults,with adults worHng and children attending school. The dramatic increase of mothers in the workplace has further contributed to the reduction in the amount of time adolescents spend with adults. School reform efforts during the nineteenth century, which resulted in age-segregated schools and grades, have reduced the amount of time adolescents spend with younger children.Finally, the

changes in population are considered a factor that may have contributed to the emergence of adolescent peer culture. From 1955 t0 1975, the adolescent population increased dramatically, from 11 percent t0 20.9 percent. This increase in the number of adolescents might be a contributing factor to the increase in adolescent peer culture in terms of growth in size.

Research supports the view that adolescents spend a great deal of time with their peers. Reed Larson and his colleagues examined adolescents' daily activities and found that they spend more time talking to their friends than engaging in any other activity. In a typical week, high school students will spend twice as much time with their peers as with adults. This gradual withdrawal from adults begins in early adolescence. Ln sixth grade, adults (excluding parents) account for only 25 percent of adolescent social networks. Another important characteristic of adolescent peer culture is its increasingly autonomous (白治的) function. While childhood peer groups are conducted under the close supervision of parents, adolescent peer groups typically make an effort to escape adult supervision and usually succeed in doing so.

(Note: Answer t.he quesnons or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN EIGHT WORDS.)

81."This pattern of age segregation" refers to the phenomenon that adolescents segregate themselves from

答案为younger children and adults.根据第一段倒数一二行adolescents spend much more time with their peers than with younger children or adults.，学生可能由于题干的内容出现在第二段而在第二段找答案，也可能由于题目的题干和第一段倒数一二行的形式不相符而写错答案。

82.Besides changes in the workplace, are the other two factors contributing to adolescent peer culture.

答案为school reform efforts and the changes in population.根据第二段第五行和第七行可以得出答案，学生可能由于第七行和题干比较相近只能找到部分答案即the changes in population，而忽视了result in也是导致的意思。

83.When do adolescents start to spend less time with adults?

答案为in early adolescence.根据第三段的四五行得出答案，学生可能不清楚withdrawal的意思而找错答案。

84.How do adolescent peer groups differ from childhood peer groups?

答案为They manage to escape adult supervision.根据最后一段的倒数一二三行得出答案，学生可能由于没有判断WHILE在这里引导的是让步状语从句，不清楚while的意义而找错答案。

第II卷（共45分）

I．Translation

Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 1．她五年前开始拉小提琴。(play)

答案She began to play the violin five years ago。本题考察单词begin和时态的用法，学生可能会漏译begin一词，也可能过去式写错。

2．由于天气恶劣，航班延误了好几个小时。(owing)

答案Owing to bad weather, the flight was delayed for a couple of hours.本题考察owing to的用法，学生可能不清楚用法写错，也可能由于单词积累不到位，不知道航班和延误怎么拼写而导致出错。

3．每位设计师都希望自己的作品能经受时间的考验。(stand)

答案Every designer hopes that his work can stand the test of time.本题考察宾语从句以及动词stand的用法，学生可能由于不清楚stand有经受的意思而出错，不清楚考验对应的英文单词而出错，把自己的直接翻译成own出现句子中的指代错误。

4．能否抵御网络游戏的诱惑是摆在中学生面前的一道难题。(It)

答案It is a difficult problem for high school students whether they can resist the temptation of online games.本题考察形式主语，学生可能由于没有看到所给it首字母大写而出错，想要对应摆在的英文单词而忽视了形式主语的句式出错，抵御和诱惑对应的单词不会拼写出错。

5．在展览会上，公司销售经理展示了孩子们翘首以盼的新型电子玩具。(demonstrate)

答案At the exhibition, the company's sales manager demonstrated the new type of electronic toys that children were looking forward to.本题考察动词demonstrate的用法，以及宾语从句和定语从句的用法，学生可能不会使用单词demonstrate而出错，固定思维在look forward to后面加名词，先行词的重复出现定语从句错误，可能不清楚销售经理对应的英文出错。

II．Guided Writing

Directions: Write an English composition in 120 - 150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.

上周一，你在一所小学观摩了小女孩Amy所在班级的两堂绘画课（如图所示），回家后你用英语写了一篇日记，内容包括：

● 对两堂绘画课的具体描述；

● 你从中获得的启发。

2017年高考英语上海卷【附解析】

英语试卷第1页（共18页）英语试卷第2页（共18页）绝密★启用前上海市2017年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语第Ⅰ卷第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A 、B 、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. Who has given up smoking? A. Jack. B. Frank. C. The woman. 2. Why does the woman apologize to the man? A. She broke his telephone. B. She didn’t take him to the hospital. C. She forgot to tell him the message. 3. What is the probable relationship between the two speakers? A. Salesgirl and customer B. Passenger and driver C. Wife and husband. 4. What is the woman’s opini on about the course? A. Too hard B. Worth taking C. Very easy. 5. What is the woman doing? A. She is apologizing B. She is complaining C. She is worrying. 第二节（共15小题，每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后几个小题，从题中所给的A 、B 、C 三个选项中选出虽佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟，听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6.Who wants to attend a US university? A. A daughter of the man’s friend B. The man’s daughter C. The man’s friend 7. Where does the conversation probably take place? A. In a classroom. B. Over the phone. C. At a language center. 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。 8. What was the woman disappointed at? A. The speeches. B. Samantha's pronunciation. C. The result of the competition. 9. What do the man and the woman disagree on? A. Whose speech was better. B. Whose pronunciation was better. C. Whose speech was meaningful. 听第8段材料，回答第10、12题。 10. What is the woman doing? A. Complaining about campus food. B. Seeking comments on campus food. C. Pushing for changes in campus food. 11. What does the man think of the campus food? A. Acceptable. B. Excellent C. Unsatisfied. 12. What is the man unhappy with? A. The vegetable. B. The closing time. C. The soup. 听第9段材料，回答第13、16题。 13.What does Jan consider most important when he judges a restaurant? A. Where the restaurant is. B. Whether the prices are low. C. How well the food is prepared. 14.When did Jan begin to write for a magazine? A. After he came back to Sweden. B. Before he went to the United States. C.As soon as he got his first job in 1982. ------------- 在 --------------------此 -------------------- 卷--------------------上 -------------------- 答-------------------- 题--------------------无 -------------------- 效---------------- 毕业学校_____________ 姓名________________ 考生号________________ ________________ ___________

2019年全国卷Ⅲ英语高考真题及答案解析(word精编)

高考衣食住用行衣：高考前这段时间，提醒同学们出门一定要看天气，否则淋雨感冒，就会影响考场发挥。穿着自己习惯的衣服，可以让人在紧张时产生亲切感和安全感，并能有效防止不良情绪产生。食：清淡的饮食最适合考试，切忌吃太油腻或者刺激性强的食物。如果可能的话，每天吃一两个水果，补充维生素。另外，进考场前一定要少喝水！住：考前休息很重要。好好休息并不意味着很早就要上床睡觉，根据以往考生的经验，太早上床反而容易失眠。考前按照你平时习惯的时间上床休息就可以了，但最迟不要超过十点半。用：出门考试之前，一定要检查文具包。看看答题的工具是否准备齐全，应该带的证件是否都在，不要到了考场才想起来有什么工具没带，或者什么工具用着不顺手。行：看考场的时候同学们要多留心，要仔细了解自己住的地方到考场可以坐哪些路线的公交车？有几种方式可以到达？大概要花多长时间？去考场的路上有没有修路堵车的情况？考试当天，应该保证至少提前20分钟到达考场。绝密★启用前 2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国卷III）英语注意事项： 1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡

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