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汉英翻译70句

汉英翻译70句
汉英翻译70句

汉英翻译70句

1)这种力,是一般人看不见的生命力,只要生命存在,这种力就要显现。

It is an invisible force of life. So long as there is life, the force will show itself. 2)凭窗站了一会,微微的觉得凉意侵入。转过身来,忽然眼花缭乱,屋子里的别的东

西,都隐在光云里;……

Standing at the window for a while, I felt a bit chilly. As I turned round, my eyes suddenly dazzled before the bright light and could not see things distinctly.

Everything in the room was blurred by a haze of light.

3)这架收音机该有多大的重量啊!它载着解放区人民的心,载着全中国人民的希望,

载着我们国家的命运。

What a heavy load this aerorplane bore! It carried the hearts of the people of the liberated areas,the hopes of the entire Chinese people,and the destiny of our country.

4)看着信,林震不禁独自笑起来了,他拿起笔把“中于”改成“终于”,准备在回信

时告诉他们下次要避免别字。

Reading the letter, Lin couldn’t help smiling to himself. He changed “rite” to “right” thinking that he sh ould tell them to be more careful with their spelling next time they wrote.

5)人无千日好,花无百日红。

Man cannot be always fortunate;flowers don’t last forever.

6)除了我这间房,大院里还有二十多间房呢。一共住着多少家子,谁说得清?住两间

房的就不多,又搭上今儿个搬来,明儿个又搬走。我没那么好的记性。大家见面,招呼声“吃了吗?”透着和气。

Besides the room I occupy, there are more than twenty rooms in the same compound. How many families are living there?Only Gold knows. Few of them occupy two rooms. Besides, they are always on the go. Some move in today and others move out tomorrow. I haven’t got such a good memory as to remember all of them. When people meet, they pass the time of the day

7)身后是水,水连着天,天连着水。

I followed his advice and managed to erect myself. My vision greatly broadened.

There was a boundless expanse of flooded water-water in front, behind and everywhere blurring the horizon.

8)在那里,古树摇曳春秋,山花自谢自开,植被茸茸生烟。

There aged trees wave the seasons by, amid dusters of wild flowers and thick carpets of green vegetation.

9) 我厂生产的地毯图案新颖、色调雅致、美丽大方富丽堂皇。

The carpets our factory produced are beautiful and magnificent for their novel designs and elegant colors.

10) 天气这样闷,十之八九要下雨。

With the weather so close and stuffy, ten to one it will rain.

11) 我们要培养出适应社会主义现代化建设需要的一代“四有新人”。

We must bring forth a new generation with lofty ideals, moral integrity, better education and good sense of discipline to adapt to our socialist modernization.

12)花朵虽然看上去可爱,但风吹不得,日晒不得。

Although flowers look lovely, they cannot stand strong wind and heavy rain. 13)她虽是女流,但不受旧思想约束,担任了一家进步杂志的编辑。

Woman though she was, she wasn’t restrained by traditional ideas and became an editor of a progressive magazine.

14)语言这东西不是随便可以学好的,非下苦功不可。

The master of language is not easy and requires hard work.

15)为此我拼命干活,连春节也不例外。

Therefore I strove to work even during the Spring Festival.

16)他见到你连魂都丢了。

He was confounded at the sight of you.

17)我突然发现童稚是一种最机智最完美的智慧,甚至这种智慧隐寓着深刻的哲理。

It dawned upon me that childish wit represented a most perfect part of wisdom.

Sometimes it is even suggestive of profound philosophy.

18)素以能“吃苦耐劳”而著称的中国人,现在竟自觉不如“西洋人”或“东洋人”能

吃苦了。

The Chinese people, who used to be famous for hard work and bravery, are now aware that they are not as hardworking as the people of other nations.

19)搞环境保护的同志真马虎,昨晚下那场大雪,竟没有校园巡视。……

The gardeners were indeed very negligent.They did not even come out to patrol the campus in such a hea vy snow as last night’s.

20)有一位歌手,有一次地唱完了歌,竟没有一个人鼓掌。

Once there was a singer who finished her performance without receiving any applause from the audience.

21)她双眼无一丝表情,人们简直以为她根本没有看见对方。

Her eyes were so empty of expression that people may have thought she did not even notice them at all.

22)人们啊,往往如此,有时在一起工作几十年,却依然形同陌路,有时,才碰头,就

好象几辈子之前就相知了。

Life is just like that: sometimes people work together for decades but still remain strangers. While sometimes people become close friends as soon as they meet.

23)他个子足有二米,每进屋门必须低头,才能躲过门框子的拦击。

He was really tall—at least two meters. Thus whenever he passed through the door, he had to lower his head to avoid bumping against the door frame. 24)唉,和前一辈做父亲的一比,我觉得我们这一辈生命力薄弱得可怜。

Alas, compared with the generation of our fathers’, the present gen eration, I

think, is pitifully weak.

25)节日的高潮是除夕夜,在旧年与新年交替之时,家庭全体成员要聚在一起吃年饭,

菜中有道菜是鱼,而且有人讲究不能把它吃守,图个“年年有余”的吉利。

The fe stival reaches its climax on the lunar New Year’s Eve when the past lunar year gives place to the new one. All the family members are together to have their yearly sumptuous reunion supper on the Eve.Among the dishes,

a fish course should be served. However, the fish must not be eaten up, as

some people wo uld emphasize, for the sake of “niannianyouyu”(which means having more than enough to use and eat every year; “Youyu”is pronounced alike in Chinese when standing for “having fish” and “surplus”, indicating an auspicious future.)

26)对于爱恋中的情人来说,这不是雾,是晶莹温暖的初雪,是撩动情肠的万缕情丝。To lovers, it was not fog, but glittering warm early snow that plucked the strings of love.

27)湛江港素有“南海明珠”之称。港内水域宽阔,水深浪静,万吨轮船通行无阻,五

万吨轮船可乘潮自由进出。

Zhanjiang port is noted as “A Bright Pearl on the South China Sea”. Its inner harbor is broad with water calm and deep. Vessels of 10,000 tons can enter or leave the port with ease and 50,000-ton freighter can call at or depart from the port with flood tide.

28)必须采取措施,改善投资环境。还要采取有效措施,切实制止对企业乱摊派、乱收

费的错误做法。

Measures to improve the investment environment must be taken. And effective measures should be adopted to practically check the abuse of levying on foreign and joint enterprises and collecting unreasonable fees among them.

29)上海近两年遇到了好机遇,变化很大,这既是对全国的推动也是全国对上海鞭策的

结果。简洁地概括为三句话;中央关心,全国支持,上海争气。

In recent two years, great changes have taken place in Shanghai owing to reform opportunities. The achievements are not only spurs from but also impetus to the reform being carried out nationwide. We owe them to the concern of the central government, the support of other provinces and effort of Shanghai people.

30)安居工程指中国政府指出的旨在使住房困难的居民早日获得住房的系统工程。The Anju Housing Project was put forward by the Chinese government, aiming to improve the living conditions of dwellers that are difficult in housing. 31)热烈欢迎世界各地客商来此进一步加强合作,建立和发展贸易关系。

Customers from various countries and regions were warmly welcomed to develop business contacts with us.

32)下倾盆大雨了。

It’s raining cats and dogs.

33)实事求是地说,解决中国人的吃饭问题,任务艰巨,困难不少,但潜力很大,前景

广阔。

Truly speaking, China has had great difficulty in solving her problem.with food provision. But she also has great potential and prospects for having her people well fed.

34)你们一定知道,这种打字机轻便高效,经久耐用又经济实惠,适合高中学生使用。You must be well aware that this type of typewriter is portable and durable, economical and practical for high school students.

35)一切科技成就是建立在理性思维的基础上的,没有理性思维就不可能有科学。

All the scientific technological achievements are founded on rational thinking, without which there would have been no science.

36)世界上最大的都市有日本的东京,美国的纽约,英国的伦敦和中国的上海。

The largest cities of the world are Tokyo, Japan;New York, U.S.A; London, England and Shanghai. P.R.C.

37)复杂的计算我们可以用计算机进行,因为它能迅速地求出准确的答案。

In complicated calculations we can use a computer, because it can give us an exact and quick answer.

38)早期的电影是无声的,你既听不到演员的对话,也听不到动作所发出的响声。The early films are silent: you could neither hear the dialogues between characters, nor the sounds made by their actions.

39)这两种文明产生于不同地区,它们的发展并行不悖,互不影响。

These two civilizations, which were created in different areas, developed in parallel and without inter influence.

40)大多数高校已有效地将权利下放给系主任,也就是说,系主任有了确定本系人员编

制和按原则使用现有经费的自主权。

In most colleges and universities, the devolution of decision-making rights to the department here has been effective, which means that the department head is given the autonomy to decide on the staffing within the department and also to utilize the available funds under certain guidelines.

41)新建的住宅小区不仅有商业网点、供电供水、垃圾转运等齐全的设备,还有学校幼

儿园、派出所和医疗站。

In the new residential area there are not only commercial networks, water, gas, electricity supply systems and garbage removing services, but also schools, kindergartens, police stations and health-care centers.

42)不但树林能为野生动物提供栖息之所,而且野生动物也能使树木茂起来。

Not only can a forest provide a home for wildlife but wildlife can in turn make the trees and plants flourish.

43)写信也好,打电话也好,打电报也好,反正你得通知他。

You must let him know somehow, whether by letter, by telephone or by telegram.

44)深秋,冷雨霏霏,屋里静悄悄的。他们看了一个下午的书。

They read the whole afternoon through, while the cold November rain was falling upon the silent house.

45)一个和尚挑水吃,两个和尚抬水吃,三个和尚没水吃。

46) E verybody’s thing is nobody’s thing.

47)他放下烟斗,两手交叉着放在脖子后面,转过去看窗子。

He put his pipe down, crossed his hands behind his neck, and turned his face toward the window.

48)阿谀比怨恨更危险,因为阿谀掩饰了污点,而怨恨却能使人消除污点。

Flattery is more dangerous than hatred because the former covers the strain while the latter causes it to be wiped out.

49)人们认为美国队将赢得这场足球赛,彼得也是这样想的,我却认为并非如此。People believe that the American team will win the football game. Peter thinks so, but I don’t.

50)英译汉不如英译法容易。

Translation from English into Chinese is not so easy as that into French.

51)叫他干什么他都愿意,只要不再过以往那种日子就行。

He would do anything he was asked to do but return to his old life.

52)念死书念出来的学问是没有多大用处的。

Learning by rote will be unprofitable.

53)一个民族的伟大不取决于人口多少,正如一个人的伟大不取决于他的身长一样。The greatness of a people is no more lie in their number than the greatness of a man is determined by his height.

54)在火车离开的前几分钟他阔步穿进火车站。

He walked through the station a few minutes before the train’s departure.

55)我们在傍晚凉爽的时候在森林里漫游。

We often stroll in the woods in the cool of the evening.

56)他把这个故事讲给他妻子听,他妻子把听到的记下来,然后由他整理出来,让人们

转抄传阅。

He told his wife the story and let her down, then he would collate it for people to copy or circulate.

57)我们必须学习其他国家的经验,与其他国家实行合作和技术交流。

We must learn the advanced experience from other countries, cooperate with them and exchange techniques with them.

58)航行中,我们遇到了大风暴,晚到两天,但平安到达目的地。到达后,很多朋友在

码头迎接我们。

We arrived safely, though two days late, after a rough stormy voyage, and was now welcomed at the dock by a crowd of friends.

59)我们确信,在平等互利的基础上,通过努力加强各种形式的经济贸易合作,相互间

的贸易关系一定有着广阔的前景。

We are firmly convinced that joint efforts to strengthen all forms of economic and trade cooperation on the basis of equality and mutual benefit will lead to broad prospect for the development of our mutual trade relations.

60)王先生每天起得很早,如果天冷,他就点炉子,先暖和暖和再出去。有一天,他正

向办公室里走,发现通往大门的院子里的那棵树上有一只红色的小鸟。

Mr Wang gets up early everyday, and if it’s cold, he will get on the stove, then goes out when feels warm. One day, he found a red bird on the tree in the yard when he was heading for his office.

61)不管遇到多少困难,我们决心为实现四个现代化而努力工作,使中国在本世纪末成

为一个强大的社会主义国家,对人类做出较大的贡献。

No matter what difficulties we will meet, we are determined to work hard for the realization of the four modernizations, making China a powerful socialist country by the end of this century and make greater contributions to human beings.

62)知识分子从书本上得来的知识在没有同实践结合的时候,他们的知识是不完全的,

或者是很不完全的。

Until a intellectual’s book knowledge is integrated with practice, it is incomplete or indeed very incomplete.

63)夜幕已经降临,淡淡的月光照在蜿蜒的道路上,静悄悄的,一点声音也没有,一个

人影也没有。

Dusk has fallen, and the moon is shedding its faint light upon the winding road,

around which silence reigns.

64)杭州,自然风景优美,旅游资源丰富,是全国重点风景旅游城市。“上有天堂,下

有苏杭”,杭州历来为世人所倾慕,赞誉的诗篇枚不胜举。

Hangzhou is a national key tourist city for its beautiful scenery and rich tourism resources. Hangzhou, a city owns countless favorable poems, has always been widely admired and praised for “Just as there is paradise in heaven, there are Suzhou and Hangzhou on earth”.

汉英翻译技巧

How to Translate from Chinese to English 汉译英翻译技巧 课程教案 Foreign Language Teaching and Research Department Heilongjiang University Foreign Language Teaching and Research Department

Chapter One I.Teaching Objectives On completion of this chapter, students should be able to: 1.be well acquainted with the basic method and techniques needed for translating from Chinese to English 2.be well informed with the basic rules concerning translating from Chinese to English. II.The Points to Be Highlighted 1.verb without subject changed into verb with subject. 2.paralleled sentence without connections changed into complex sentence with connections. 3.implied cohesion changed into clear cohesion.back conclusion changed into front conclusion. III.T eaching Procedures and Contents 1.Greetings Talking about the Weather 2.Warm-up 1) 天气不错,是吧? 2) 今天天气看上去不错。 3) 看来天气要放晴。 4) 雪开始下小了。 5) 现在已经开始掉小雨点了。 1) Lovely day, isn’t it? 2) It looks to be a promising day. 3) It seems to be clearing up. 4)The snow is beginning to let up. 5) I can feel some small drops of rain now. 3.Body 翻译的方法 “词词对应,句句对应”是把直译绝对化,事实上很难办到,勉强这样做时往往弄得文字别扭,意思歪曲。另一方面,意译如果离原意太远就不能称之为翻译,是不受欢迎的。“语言是翻译之敌”。在翻译的具体过程中,语言时时都在束缚着译者,不少译者眼中只盯着原文的词,句和结构这些属于语言层次的东西,成了它们的奴仆,难以从中解放出来。结果,翻译出来的东西只是一种文字层次的转换,徒具形式,而原文的意义和精神却没有得到很好的传达。翻译的方法应该是:译者在读第二遍原文时,不是逐词逐句分析,而是对全段意思作深层次的掌握,以便从整体上进行翻译,像口译那样把原意尽量传达出来;具体翻译时虽然也适当考虑原文结构,形势却可于原文大不一样。然后再对照原文复核,使之更加切合原意。 规律 汉语是意合式语言而英语是形合式语言,从汉语译成英语便是从意合改为形合。所谓规律也就是指进行这种转变时通常会遇到的问题及处理方法。 Foreign Language Teaching and Research Department

汉英翻译70句分析解析

1)这种力,是一般人看不见的生命力,只要生命存在,这种力就要显现。 It is an invisible force of life. So long as there is life, the force will show itself. 2)凭窗站了一会,微微的觉得凉意侵入。转过身来,忽然眼花缭乱,屋子里的别的东 西,都隐在光云里;…… Standing at the window for a while, I felt a bit chilly. As I turned round, my eyes suddenly dazzled before the bright light and could not see things distinctly. Everything in the room was blurred by a haze of light. 3)这架收音机该有多大的重量啊!它载着解放区人民的心,载着全中国人民的希望, 载着我们国家的命运。 What a heavy load this aerorplane bore! It carried the hearts of the people of the liberated areas,the hopes of the entire Chinese people,and the destiny of our country. 4)看着信,林震不禁独自笑起来了,他拿起笔把“中于”改成“终于”,准备在回信 时告诉他们下次要避免别字。 Reading the letter, Lin couldn’t help smiling to himself. He changed “rite” to “right” thinking that he should tell them to be more careful with their spelling next time they wrote. 5)人无千日好,花无百日红。 Man cannot be always fortunate;flowers don’t last forever. 6)除了我这间房,大院里还有二十多间房呢。一共住着多少家子,谁说得清?住两间 房的就不多,又搭上今儿个搬来,明儿个又搬走。我没那么好的记性。大家见面,招呼声“吃了吗?”透着和气。 Besides the room I occupy, there are more than twenty rooms in the same compound. How many families are living there?Only Gold knows. Few of them occupy two rooms. Besides, they are always on the go. Some move in today and others move out tomorrow. I haven’t got such a good memory as to remember all of them. When people meet, they pass the time of the day with each other, just to show their neighbor feelings.

中国文化汉英翻译材料(1)

Exercise I. Translate the following sentences into English. 1.如今,作为东方艺术的一颗璀璨的明珠,京剧不仅在中国各地喜闻乐见,而且已被全世界人民广泛接受。 2.根据所表演角色的性别、年龄和社会地位的不同,演员角色分成四类:生(男角)、旦(女角)、净(花脸男角)、丑 (丑角)。 3.京剧的独特艺术魅力使它经久不衰:它创造了一种台上台下演员观众相互交融的美学欣赏与享受。 4.他曾成功地塑造了许多古代中国妇女的形象,完美地表现了她们的温柔、优雅和细腻。 5.梅兰芳也是把京剧介绍到国外的第一人。 6.作为中国的文化瑰宝,京剧必将获得全中国和全世界人民越来越多的喜爱。 Key to Exercise I. 1.Today, as one of the glowing pearls of oriental arts, not only has Beijing Opera been widely enjoyed all over China, it has also been well received all over the world. 2.According to the gender, age and social position of the different roles which they play, actors and actresses are divided into four categories: sheng (male roles), dan (female roles), jing (male roles with facial paintings) and chou (clowns). 3.The uniqueness of Beijing Opera makes its artistic charm so everlasting: the creation of an aesthetic co-appreciation between the actors and actresses on stage and the audience off stage. 4.Mei Lanfang had created very successfully various images of ancient Chinese women and expressed their tenderness, elegance and subtlety. 5.Mei Lanfang was also the first person who introduced Beijing Opera to foreign countries. 6.Being a great treasure of the Chinese culture, Beijing Opera will surely be more and more appreciated by people in China and in the whole world. Exercise II. Make a web advertisement in English, based on the information given in Chinese. 著名的京剧武生徐力先生最近接受了我们舞蹈学校的邀请,担任高级舞蹈教员。武生是京剧中的一个重要生角。武生的特点是武艺好,身手矫健敏捷。武生演员常通过在舞台上翻滚武打(tumbles, tweists, and somersaults)来表现他们高超的武艺。武生的动作准确有力,是大量艰苦训练的结果。 中国古典舞蹈和民族舞蹈的舞台技巧和身段(floor skills and postures)大多来自中国传统戏曲的武功(acrobatic skills)。我们舞蹈学校非常荣幸能够请到徐先生教授女子班毯子功(floor skills)和男子班的功夫课。有关课程安排请点击此网址。 Key to Ex. II Make a web advertisement in English, based on the information given in Chinese. A Rare Opportunity The famous Beijing Opera performer of Wu Sheng (acrobatic male role), Mr Xu Li, recently accepted an engagement with our Dancing School. Wu Sheng is a very important role in Beijing Opera. It requires a high level of acrobatic skills. Wu Sheng actors often show off their skills with tumbles, twists, and somersaults on the stage. These skills and movements require great precision in timing and strength, which takes a lot of training and exercise. Many of the floor skills and postures of classic and ethnic Chinese dances were originally from the acrobatic skills of traditional Chinese operas. Our dancing school is very fortunate to have Mr Xu Li to teach our Floor Skills class for girls and Kungfu class for boys. For class schedule, please click HERE. Exercise III. Translate the following sentences into English. 1.齐白石以革新水墨画和毕生献身于这项中国的传统艺术形式而闻名于世。 2.他在几天后把那幅画重画了很多次,但是总比不上他当天即兴完成的作品。 3.兰亭序的极高的艺术价值促使更多书法家临摹王羲之的字体。 4.一个好的书法家所写出来的字必须充满生气,活力并具备完美的形体。 5.书法是一门艺术,它需要清醒的头脑以及对毛笔有全面的掌握。 6.这个年轻演员认识到自己的演技还差,无法与他老师的演技相提并论。 Key Exercise III.

汉英跨文化交际翻译中的CHINAENGLISH

广东职业技术师范学院学报 2002年第2期 Journal of Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University No 2,2002 汉英跨文化交际翻译中的C HINA ENGLISH 金惠康 (广东职业技术师范学院外语系,广东广州 510665) 摘 要:本文讨论什么是中国英语及其在汉英跨文化交际翻译中的功能。关键词:跨文化交际;汉英翻译;中国英语 中图分类号:H 315 9 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1009-2803(2002)02-0072-07 一、什么是中国英语 中国英语(China English)不同于中式英语(Chinglish),它既不是中国学生学习英语过程中所产生的 过渡语 ,也不是因英语不够表达而胡编乱造的英语。本文倡导的宗旨就是要使用规范英语来描述中华文化和社会,尽量避免中式英语。目前行之有效的手段之一就是使用和拓展中国英语。 1 从广义上来说,中国英语产生于国际英语对中华文明和华夏社会的描述,也源于中国人长期用英语对自己与世界描述,它是国际英语的拓展与延伸。中国英语以国际规范英语为共核,把中国独有的文化、语言、事物、意念和传统等通过音译、译借及语义再生等手段传入国际(英语)社会,同时也融入许多具有中国文化内涵和汉语言特色的表达方式。如别有风味的词汇、短语、句式、认知方式、修辞手段、行文风格和章法结构。因而,中国英语具有国际规范英语的共性,又具有汉文化的内涵和汉语言的一些个性特色。毫无疑问,中国英语是长期东西方跨文化交流的产物。从狭义的角度来说,中国英语指的就是:在描述(翻译)华夏文明、中国社会及汉语言中所拓展了的那部分英语。 有人说在汉译英中使用中国英语是不得已而为之,其实这句话也要从另一面理解为 非得如此不可 。社会发展与变革必然引起语言的变化发展并给语言注入新的文化内涵和新的表达方式,这是很值得深入研究和总结的。 中国英语的规范主要是来自现代中国官方媒体的英语文本典范和国际现代英文媒体的主流内涵;也来自汉英双语娴熟者描写华夏文明和中国社会的英文文本和由中国人用英语创作的文学作品等。这里使用 中国英语 这个词语(概念)来描述和记录国际英语在描述中华文明和社会、中国人民和政府用英语表达自己对世界事务的理解、看法和立场时,英语所发生的变化与发展。从这个意义上讲,凡是有中国文化内涵和汉语表达特色的、并能为国际英语读者所普遍理解和接受的英文(文本)都可称之为中国英语。 2 从社会语言学的角度来看,中国本土的社会文化环境造成了中国英语的中国特色,即本土化(nativization 或是indigenization)。社会语言学中的本土概念的实质是主张文化和语言的相对价值、尊重个性,并以此来促进不同文化和语言之间的彼此的适应与沟通。 72 收稿日期:2001-11-05 作者简介:金惠康(1950~),男,湖南邵东人,广东职业技术师范学院教授,研究方向为跨文化交际研究与应用语言学。

英汉汉英翻译学习 译后感

至今为止,已经学了一个学期的翻译基础。虽说未涉及汉译英的学习,但从过去这一学期对英译汉理论与实践的学习,我深知翻译并非一件容易的事。对我来说,学好翻译这门课程并将其运用到实践中去,任重而道远。 在未上翻译课之前,每每听人提及翻译,以为就只是单纯的两种语言的转换;谁知经过一个学期的翻译课学习,才知道自己竟是大错特错了。当代英国翻译理论家纽马克的翻译理论及其语言六大功能(表达功能、信息功能、祈使功能、人际功能、审美功能、元语言功能),我国翻译家严复的“信、达、雅”三大翻译标准等,让我更进一步了解什么是翻译。 对于我们初学者来说,在进行翻译活动时,除了要遵循翻译的两大原则(忠实、通顺)外,还要注意直译与意译、异化与归化等翻译技巧的运用。否则,翻译时,容易出现“翻译腔”。如;And so you shall be my darling----when l tell you! 译文一:当我告诉你的时候——我的宝贝,你会知道的。译文二:那你等着吧——等到我告诉了你,你就懂得了!这两种翻译中,第一种机械地模仿原文,不知变通,是典型的“翻译腔”。而第二种摆脱了原文的结构束缚,用符合目的语的语言表达形式再现了原文的意义和精神。 此外,对一些翻译技巧(如:词类转换法、重复法、正反反正翻译法、抽象与具体转换法、抽词拆译法、增词语省略法、物称人称转化法、形合意合转换法、视点转换法等)的学习及反复练习,也让我在学习的同时发现并总结出一些翻译时常出现的问题。如:的、地、得的正确使用(美丽的太阳花、吃力地行走、高兴得手舞足蹈);量词的正确使用(一只小熊、一头大熊、一个熊妈妈);标点符号的正确使用(注意句子的停顿);“so·····that”不能译成“如此·····以至于”可译成“那样·····因此or所以”;“when·····”不能译成“当······时”;人的mate译成“伙伴”,动物的mate译成“配偶”,而人的“配偶”是spouse;“go down the wind”译成顺着风走,“go up the wind”译成逆着风走;定语从句的译法:分片——逐个译出——理解大意——调整语序。 另外,长句的翻译也是一大难点。像顺序法、分译法、逆序法、综合法等长句翻译方法都可用于翻译中,才能译出更好的译文。 与汉语习惯不同,在英语中,为了避免重复,通常用同义词、近义词代替前文出现过的词。同时,英语中通常用大量的连词,是句子更紧凑,而汉语恰恰相反。因此,在英译汉时,要尽量避免将关联词“和、所以、因此、而且····”翻译出来。 我深知自己基础比较薄弱,因而在学习时也比较吃力,但我不会因此而自暴自弃,相反,我会加倍努力,尽自己最大的努力学好翻译这门课程。

汉英翻译技巧

汉英翻译技巧 第一节汉语无主语句的英译处理 一、祈使句对应为祈使句 e.g. 小心轻放。Handle with care. 量体裁衣,看菜吃饭。Fit the dress to the figure and fit the appetite to the dishes. 宁为鸡首,不为牛后。Better be the head of an ass than the tail of a horse. 二、采用英语的被动结构译出 采用英语被动结构翻译的汉语无主语句一般的情况:一是某些表示事物存在的无主语句;二是有些句子突出宾语部分,在翻译时可以不用补出主

语而用原句中的宾语来充当主语。e.g. 这儿将修建更多的居民大楼。More apartments will be built here. 利用发电机,可以将机械能转变为电能。 The mechanical energy can be changed back into electrical energy by a generator. 在合同中,详细地规定了双方必须履行的各种条件。 In the contract, all kinds of conditions which both sides should follow were laid down in detail. 没有爱心,就无法了解人生。 Life cannot be understood without much charity. 三、采用倒装语序

e. g. 地下埋藏着大量的金银。Hidden underground is a wealth of gold and silver. 随着一声吼叫,忽的从树林里窜出一只老虎来。 Following the roar, out rushed a tiger from among the bushes. 山里住着个老和尚。 In the mountain lived on an old monk. 四、采用THERE BE 结构 例句:没有顺利,无所谓困难;没有困难,也无所谓顺利。 Without facility, there would be no difficulty; without difficulty, there would also be no facility. 剩下的时间不多了。

关于英汉文化的翻译

一、从理论上叙述文化差异 翻译是英语专业学生的一项必要的技能,翻译练习可以帮助我们更好地认识两种语言的特点以及它们之间的文化差异。因此,我们会加强一门外语和母语之间的理解,能够轻易地接受国际化的非文化因素。例如,提到佛教,我们也许很容易就把它和古印度联系起来;提起基督教,会首先想到巴勒斯坦,罗马帝国和西方国家。著名人类学家爱德华·泰勒在《原始文明》中说:“一个复杂的统一体,包括知识、信念、艺术、法律、道德思想、习俗以及由社会成员所得到的任何其它的能力,习惯等就是文化。”简言之,文化恰好是一个特定社会群体的总的生活方式。在翻译中遇到的困难大部分来自于以下四个部分。 1.技术经济系统 技术经济系统包括生态环境、生产、交换、分配方式、科学技术、人工产品等。它们是导致文化异的主要物质因素。物质财富为社会发展和文化繁荣奠定了坚实的基础,因此在不同文化背景下的人们在日常事物的表达上有不同的方法。当把一个词或短语从一种语言翻译成另一种语言的时候,应了解它的文化。例如,在我国新疆地区的哈萨克族以畜牧业为生,所以马和羊在他们的生活中起着重要的作用,那里所有的男孩必须要牧羊,所以“boy”在哈萨克语中的意思是“shepherd”。当女孩结婚的时候,新郎的家庭应当要送马给女方作为订婚礼物,因此“girl”在哈萨克语中的意思是“horse-owner”。如果对它们不了解,我们就无法理解原作品中的句子,更别提把它们用另一种语言翻译出来了。 2.社会系统 社会系统一般表示社会阶层、群体、相关结构、政治、法律、教育、习俗、历史等。例如,火鸡是圣诞节的一道主菜,但是一个记者在翻译一则关于美国前总统约翰逊和尼克松一起吃晚餐的新闻时把“Turkey Dinner”翻译成“土耳其午餐”,这确实是因为对习俗不熟悉。 3.抽象系统 抽象系统包括世界观、宗教、邪教、民间信念、艺术创造、价值观、思维方式等,其中,认知和思维方式对语际交流中的相互理解有最大的影响。例如,gild the Lily(画蛇添足,多此一举)和lock the stable door after the horse has been stolen (贼走关门)很可能被中国学生误解为“锦上添花”和“亡羊补牢”。因为能够引起英语和汉语相反的联系的这两个习语在形式上是相当相似的。 “Bright red costumes, with hats, shoes and stockings to match are to be all the craze in spring. Smart women will have to be careful not to yawn in the streets in case some short-sighted person is on his way to post a letter.”如果不知道在英国邮箱是红色的,与其他国家不一样,就不会抓住这一段的真实涵义。事实上,作者在这里想要借助邮箱的颜色来讽刺那些穿红色裙子的胖拙的妇女,因为她们会被那些近视的人当成是邮筒来使用。 4.语言系统 语言系统主要包括组成主要语言资源的语音结构、语法结构和语义结构。因为写作资源是不同的,在英语中所谓的“I-steel”和“T-square”在汉语中被认为是“I 字钢”和“T 字尺”。有时在一种文化中被注意的一种现象将会在另一种语言中被忽视。例如,在英语国家,人们会很自然地把“a clear-shapedankle”和“a slim girl with beautiful lines of legs”联系起来,但是这两方面之间的关系似乎没有被给予全方位的注意。在下面的两个例子中,“ankle”这个单词被不同地使用,以不同的方式被翻译。句子如下:Long-stemmed models ankled through the hobby.(身材修长的模特儿袅袅婷婷地走过大厅。) He was slightly disturbed by the cashier, a young and giggling Wisconsin school-teacher with ankles...(那个年轻的出纳员,威斯康星州的女教师的咯咯笑声和一双漂亮的脚弄得他有些心慌意乱。 期刊文章分类查询,尽在期刊图书馆

十 中国特色文化与汉英翻译

中国特色文化与汉英翻译 一.文化的概念及范畴 ? 1. Edward Tylor的定义: ?1871年在《原始文化》一书中提出的:“所谓文化和文明乃是包括知识、信仰、艺术、道德、法律、习俗以及包括作为社会成员的个人而获得的其他任何能力、习惯在内的一种综合体。”(“That complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.” ) ? 2.文化的涵盖面极广,几乎包括了人类社会生活的方方面面,对文化的分类因此林林总总。 从地域分,有本土文化和外来文化、城市文化和农村文化、东方文化和西方文化、大陆文化和港澳台文化; 从时间上分,有原始文化、奴隶制文化、封建文化、资本主义文化、社会主义文化等; 从宗教信仰分,有佛教文化、道教文化、基督教文化、伊斯兰教文化等; ?从生产方式分,有游牧文化、农业文化、工业文化、信息文化; 从生产工具分,有旧时器文化、新石器文化、青铜文化; 从人类把握世界的方式人,有科学文化和人文文化; 从性质分,有世界文化、民族文化、精英文化、通俗文化; 从结构层次分,有物质文化、制度文化、精神文化。 ?(参见王秉钦《文化翻译学》 ?3、奈达的分类 Ecological Culture 生态文化 Material Culture 物质文化 Social Culture 社会文化 Religious Culture 宗教文化 Linguistic Culture 语言文化 ?(参考邵志洪《汉英对比翻译导论》

汉英翻译

汉英翻译 正确确立单句的主干: 1主语的确立: 英语主语的严格性,只能由名词(或)代词,例如We can solve the problem. This problem can be solved in many ways.)或具有名词语法功能的语言单位(如动词不定式、动名词、名词性从句>一般指主语从句,例如To solve this problem needs patience. Working ingeniously >adj.有独创性的,具有创造才能的adv. working ingeniously有才能地,巧干> may help you learn English well. It is not known yet whether they will return today.)来充当。 2.直接用原文的主语 1) 如果不适当地处理,锅炉及机动车辆排出的废气就会造成城市空气污染。 Exhaust from boilers and vehicles, unless properly treated, causes air pollution in cities. 2) 如果说,词汇是语言的“建筑材料”,那么,句子便是文章的“基本部件”。 If vocabulary is the “building materials”for language, sentences are the “fundamental parts”of writings. 3.替换主语以符合英语表达 1) ①鲁迅的骨头是最硬的,②他没有丝毫的奴颜和媚骨,③这是殖民地半殖民地人民最可宝贵的性格。 Lu Hsun was a man of unyielding integrity, free from all sycophancy-拍马屁,奉承or obsequiousness-谄媚; this quality is invaluable among colonial and semi-colonial people. 原文由意义上相互联系,结构上却相互独立的三个小句组成复句。主语分别为名词“骨头”、代词“他”和“这”。译者将①②合为一个分句,改原来作定语的“鲁迅”为主语,同时舍弃了“骨头是最硬的”这个在汉语中比喻人的品格“刚正不阿”的形象,以 a man of unyielding integrity 这一意译的方式取而代之;“性格”(this quality)一词原在句③充当谓语的述宾结构中的宾语,现改作主语,译文曲尽原意,语言自然。如若搬照原文的主语,死译硬译,则成为典型的中式英语。试比较一下译文: Lu Hsun’s bones were the hardest; he was free from all sycophancy or obsequiousness; this is invaluable among colonial and semi-colonial people. 2) 胎又瘪了。 We’ve got another flat tire. The tire turns flat again? 3) 人不可貌相,海水不可斗量。 It is impossible to judge people from their appearance, and impossible to measure the ocean by pints. (刘鹗《老残游记》,杨宪益、戴乃迭译) 试比较一下译文(不好): We can’t judge people from their appearance, just as we can’t measure the ocean by pints. 4.找出译文中合适的主语 1) 在历史上,由于长江不断改道,在武汉地区形成了众多的湖泊。 The constant change of the course of the Changjiang River in history helped form a great many

汉英语段翻译_试题09版_(精)

汉英翻译课外练习(语段) (2009级适用) Passage 1 目前,全世界40%以上的人口,即20多亿人,面临缺水问题。据预测,未来25年全球人口将由60亿增长到80亿,环境保护面临更大的压力。中国作为一个发展中国家,面临着发展经济和保护环境的双重任务。从国情出发,中国在全面推进现代化的过程中,将环境保护视为一项基本国策。众所周知,对生态环境和生物多样性的保护是环保工作的重点。 Passage 2 改革开放30年来,随着中国逐渐崛起成为政治经济强国,海外人士学习汉语的现象与日俱增,海外孔子学院也成了人们学习中国语言和中国文化的首选之地。作为第二文化,中国文化丰富了他们的生活和世界观。越来越多的学习汉语的美国人除了对中国菜肴赞不绝口之外,也在尝试针灸,草药和武术。他们也看功夫电影,学习东方时装潮流和手工艺,不知不觉的在日常生活中谈及中国的点心,人参、银杏,乌龙茶等。目前在美国最热门的中国文化是道家学说和有着神秘色彩的风水学。 Passage 3 微软公司举世无双的利润率使其雄踞全世界所有公司股票值之首,接近5000亿美元。全世界五大首富它造就了三个。它除了对证券市场的影响之外,还造就了大约一万个百万富翁,主要集中在美国西雅图区域。 但是无论是硬件革命还是软件革命,其财富创造的影响都不可与目前因特网上所发生的情况同日而语。因特网加快了科技的发展,促进了商务的繁荣,掀起了个人财富急剧积累的第三次,也是最令人注目的一次浪潮。 Passage 4 国际贸易的基本原则是平等互利,各国追求各自的利益是正常的,出现一些摩擦和纠纷也是不可避免的。关键要以冷静而明智的态度正确对待和处理摩擦和纠纷。就中美贸易而言,互利共赢的经贸关系给两国人民带来了实实在在的经济利益。在美国市场上,许多中国商品受到美国消费者的青睐。中国在美国投资设立的企业已超过1000家。我们可以预见,中美贸易摩擦将随着经贸关系的深化而凸显,但是中美经贸合作的总体发展是不可逆转的。 Passage 5 春节期间的娱乐活动多种多样,丰富多彩。耍龙灯和舞狮子是春节期间的传统项目。还有一种至今仍受人欢迎的传统表演活动,叫踩高跷。现在,随着生活水平的不断提高,人们采用了新的方式庆祝新年。但不管庆祝方式怎么变,春节的精华不会变,那就是为了祈求新年吉祥如意。最重要的是,春节是一个合家欢聚的日子,出门在外的人总要想方设法在除夕夜到来之前赶回家,吃上一年中最重要的一段饭——“团圆饭”。 Passage 6 汉语常被认为是一种非常古老的语言。从某种意义上说,这种说法不免失之偏颇。人类所有的语言都可追溯到朦胧的史前时期,但目前我们还无法确定这些语言是否

汉英翻译教程

汉英翻译教程

第一章 汉英语言对比 相关参考: 翻译教学和研究的经验表明:翻译理论和技巧必须建立在不同语言和文化的对比分析基础上。英汉互译的几项基本原则和技巧,如选词(Diction)、转换(Conversion)、增补(Amplification)、省略(Omission)、重复(Repetition)、替代(Substitution)、变换(Variation)、倒臵(Inversion)、拆离(Division)、缀合(Combination)、阐释(Annotation)、浓缩(Condensation)、重组(Reconstruction),以及时态、语态、语气、习语、术语等的译法,都集中地体现了英汉的不同特点。机器翻译是让计算机按照人们所制定的程序和指令进行不同语言的对比转换,也离不开对比分析。翻译之所以困难,归根结底是因为语言差异和文化差异。因此,对比、分析和归纳这些差异,便是翻译学的重要任务。 不同语言的对比分析不仅有利于教学和翻译,也有助于语言交际。通过对比分析,人们可以进一步认识外语和母语的特性,在进行交际时,能够有意识地注意不同语言各自的表现方法,以顺应这些差异,防止表达错误,避免运用失当,从而达到交际的目的。 ——连淑能,《英汉对比研究》 纪德是最理解莎士比亚的法国作家之一。在他看来,“没有任何作家比莎士比亚更值得翻译”,但同时,“也没有任何作家比他更难翻译,译文更容易走样”。纪德对莎士比亚的理解是双重的,既是精神的,也是语言的。他在与莎士比亚的相遇与相识中,经历了一系列的考验。对他在翻译中经历的这番历史奇遇,他曾在为七星文库出版的《莎士比亚戏剧集》撰写的前言中作了详尽的描述:描述了两种文化与两种语言之间的遭遇,也揭示了翻译中译者所面临的种种障碍。 纪德首先看到的,是语言与文化层面的逻辑性,这涉及到不同语言的思维方法。他说:“莎士比亚很少考虑逻辑性,而我们拉丁文化缺了逻辑性就踉踉跄跄。莎士比亚笔下的形象相互重现,相互推倒。面对如此丰富的形象,我们可怜的译者目瞪口呆。他不愿意对这种绚丽多彩有丝毫遗漏,因此不得不将英文原本中用仅仅一个词表示的暗喻译成一个句子。原来像蛇一样紧紧盘成一团的诗意,如今成了松开的弹簧。翻译成了解释。逻辑倒是很满意,但魅力不再起作用。莎士比亚的诗句飞跃而过的空间,迟缓的熊虫一瘸一拐才能走完。”在紧密的逻辑与丰富的形象之间,英语与法语的天平有所侧重,在两者的遭遇中,译者的无奈与局限源于文化与语言的巨大差异。 头脑清醒的纪德没有丝毫责备英语或莎士比亚的语言的意思,相反,在翻译莎士比亚的戏剧中,他充分意识到了母语的缺陷。他说:“只有在接触外语时,我们才意识到本国语言的缺陷,因此,只会法语的法国人是看不到缺陷的。”他的这一观点与德国作家歌德的观点几乎是一致的。异之于我,可作一明镜,从异中更清楚地照清自身。在这个意义上,与异语文化的接触,有助于认识母语与母语文化的不足。看清了自身的不足,便有可能从异语异文化中去摄取营养,弥补自身,丰富自身。 在艰难的翻译中,纪德亲历了种种障碍,他结合翻译中的具体例证,作了某

汉英翻译

我不知道他们给了我多少日子;但我的手确乎是渐渐空虚了。 I don’t know how many days I am entitled to altogether, but my quota of them is undoubtedly wearing away. 这并不是谦虚客气的话,这是真的事实。(我说的话) I did not make this remark out of mere modesty and courtesy. I truly meant what I said. 如果没有摩擦,运动的物体永远不会停止。 A moving object would never come to a stop if there were no friction 我们二三十岁的人比不上六七十岁的前辈,他们虽然老的老了死的死了,但是他们才是真正活到现在活到将来。 We in our twenties or thirties cannot compare with our elders in their sixties or seventies. Today they may be advanced in years or even passed away, but they will, nevertheless, live forever and ever. 液体没有固定的形状,气体也没有。Liquids have no definite shape; nor have gases. 我不出去跑步或散步,而是一下床就干活儿。 Instead of going out for a jog or walk, I’ll set about my work as soon as I’m out of bed. 他宁愿饿死,也不愿行窃。He will die of hunger before he steals. 他虽然贫穷,但无论如何也不会说谎。Poor as he was, he was above telling a lie in any case. 我们决不辜负全国人民对我们的希望。We will live up to the expectations of our people. 那些黑人挣到的钱几乎不够养家糊口。 The negroes barely earn enough money to keep their families alive. 他显然有不同的想法He evidently thinks otherwise. 把瓶盖儿盖好,要不汁液就洒出来了。 Put the cap back on the bottle, otherwise the juice will spill. 不了解这一点,就不能得到起码的知识。 Unless we grasp this point we shall never be able to acquire even elementary knowledge. 部队宁可绕道走,也不踩庄稼。 The troops would rather take a roundabout way than tread on the crops 无产阶级不把大多数人争取到自己方面来,就不能取得胜利。 The proletariat cannot be victorious unless it wins over to its side the majority of the population. 子曰:“不患人之不己知,患不知人也。” The Master said, (the good man) does not grieve that other people do not recognize his merits. His only anxiety is lest he (should) fail to recognize theirs. 名不正则言不顺,言不顺则事不成,…… If language is incorrect, then what is said does not concord with what was meant; and if what is said does not concord with what was meant, what is to be done cannot be effected. 我想:希望本无所谓有,无所谓无。 I thought: hope cannot be said to exist, nor can it be said not to exist. 他在上面费了很多力。He took no little pain over it. 我对你万分感激。I couldn’t thank you enough.完全同意I couldn’t agree more. 直到喷气发动机发明以后,飞机才能以超音速的速度飞行。 Not until the invention of the jet engine could airplanes travel at supersonic speeds 智者千虑,必有一失。Even the wise are not always free from errors. 他想找一个可靠的人帮助工作。He wanted to get someone reliable to help in the work. 医生为救病人,尽到了一切必要的努力。The doctor did everything necessary to save the patient.

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