阅读专项训练及答案

标准篇

Unit One

Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.

Text 1

（385 words, recommended reading time: 4′49″）

A single status may have multiple roles attached to it, constituting a role set. Consider the status of a patient in a hospital. The status involves the sick role: another role as the peer of other patients; still another role as the ―appreciative‖ receiver of the gifts and attention of friends and family members; one role as a consumer of newspapers, magazines, and other small items purchased from a hospital attendant; and a role as acquaintance of a number of friendly hospital personnel. Or consider your status as a family member. Your status includes a variety of roles, for example, parent and child, uncle, spouse, and cousin. Cleary, a role does not exist in a social vacuum; it is a bundle of activities that are connected with the activities of other people. For this reason, there can be no professors without students, no husbands without wives, no white without nonwhite, and no lawyers without clients.

Roles affect us as sets of norms that define our duties—the actions others can legitimately insist that we perform, and our rights—the actions we can legitimately insist that others perform. Every role has at least one reciprocal role attached to it; the rights of one role are the duties of the other role. As we have noted, we have a social niche for the sick. Sick people have rights—our society says they do not have to function in usual ways until they get well. But sick people also have the duty to get well and ―not enjoy themselves to much‖. The sick role also entails an appeal to another party—the physician. The physician must perceive the patient as trying to get well—this is the physician‘s right and the patient‘s duty. And the patient must see the doctor as sincere—the patient‘s right and the physician‘s duty. It should come as no surprise that the quality of medical care falters when patient and physician role expectations break down.

One way that people are linked in groups is through networks of reciprocal roles. Role relationships tie us to one another because the rights of one end of the relationship are the duties of the other. People experience these stable relationships as social structure—a hospital, college, a family, a gang, an army, and so on.

1. According to the passage, a patient will undertake all the following roles EXCEPT the role as

_________.

[A] fellow patient

[B] a staff member of the hospital

[C] the receiver of gifts and attention of friends

[D] a buyer of small items from hospital attendants

2. Which of the following may be one of the physician‘s duties?

[A] Ask the patient to be cooperative in the treatment.

[B] Ensure that the patient doesn‘t enjoy him/h erself too much.

[C] Be sincere.

[D] Perceive the patient as trying to get well.

3. It can be inferred that a role is best defined in its relation to _________.

[A] its obligations

[B] its rights

[C] its importance

[D] other roles

4. The example of the family member in paragraph one is used to convey the idea that _______.

[A] a role involves both duties and rights

[B] a role is defined in a network of reciprocal roles

[C] family roles are more complex than they appear

[D] family members have more duties than patients

5. The word ―constituting‖ in the first paragraph can best be replaced by _________.

[A] setting up

[B] amounting to

[C] making up

[D] consisting of

Text 2

（442 words, recommended reading time: 5′32″）

People feel that they have to work, the ethics is deeply fixed. They identify with their jobs and if they lose them, both the identities and feelings of usefulness go. This is in addition to the financial penalty of being jobless. The market may theoretically distribute resources in a favorable manner, though in reality this is not true. What is true, however, is that it is a hard and a times cruel taskmaster.

If, by and large, we are to make the best use of microelectronics, planning at all levels is necessary so as to prevent the worst signs. Employers and unions must talk over Technology Agreement which will cover the speed, method operation, training and retraining needs associated with new not freed from this procedure. Risk capital needs to be made available for new enterprises—the structure of capital markets in the United Kingdom provides (and can provide) very little. We have far too few qualified analysts or micro-electronic experts and are still training far too few.

The most important point, however, concerns works or the lack of it. As unemployment rises and as the chance of getting another job correspondingly diminishes, in present circumstances, the resistance to redundancy will rise, and quite understandably so. If people made redundant today represent an investment for an uncertain future then they must not be penalized—we encourage normal investment through grants and tax allowances, why not for people too? Unions will almost certainly bargain for productivity payments to be applied to those who not for people too? Unions will almost certainly bargain for productivity payments to be applied to hose who have been sacrificed so as to get the increased productivity and to minimize those sacrifices.

In longer terms, however, it is clear that the old attitudes to work will have to change. Leisure must be viewed as being important to human development as work itself. This involves changes in our primary and secondary school systems and provision of life-long education schemes. It is also the idea opportunity to improve the services which have a person-to-person contact like health,

social services, for example, to the disabled. In short, the next decade could see a take-off into a more caring society in which opportunities exist but the penalties for failure are lessened. This involves a reevaluation of public expenditure and what it is for; a reevaluation of work itself and a reevaluation of our political decision-making processes. While all this is possible, it is also possible to drift in the opposite direction, towards an inhuman totalitarian regime where profit is the only belief. The choice is ours. We must not fail our children.

1. According to the author, to take full advantage of microelectronics, we must try to _________.

[A] reduce unemployment

[B] preclude the most serious negative potentialities

[C] increase our energy production

[D] control both the unions and employers

2. Resistance to redundancy is likely to increase _________.

[A] as people understand the situation more clearly

[B] as people start to enjoy their leisure more

[C] as people‘s attitudes towards work change

[D] as people find increasing difficulty in obtaining alternative employment

3. What does the author think our attitudes to leisure should be in the age of new technology?

[A] We should work during our leisure hours.

[B] We should be paid for our leisure time.

[C] We should think of leisure as having the same importance in our lives as work.

[D] We should take our leisure in large blocks.

4. If we are to have a more human society to live in, the author thinks _________.

[A] we must penalize failure

[B] we must protect our children

[C] we must reduce unemployment

[D] we must reassess government spending

5. In the passage, the author is primarily concerned with __________.

[A] advocacy of new attitudes towards job

[B] reassessment of political decision-making process

[C] how to reduce unemployment

[D] how to deal with redundancy

Text 3

（440 words, recommended reading time: 5′30″）

The British government‘s policy towards its few remaining nationalized industries gets ever more muddled. Take, for one, the Post Office. Since November, the plans of Michael Heseltine, President of the Board of Trade, have been in shreds. Mr. Heseltine‘s scheme was to sell 51% of Royal Mail, the corporation‘s letters business, and Parcel-force.

Despite his defeat, Mr. Heseltine‘s original plan was the right one. Privatization would have exposed the Royal Mail to private-sector disciplines and given it a chance to become what its bosses say it could be—an ambitious international communications business, rather than an raise capital to invest as it thinks fit. That, moans the Post Office‘s top officials, stops them from doing

battle with foreign post office, which (though publicly owned) are being given more freedom.

If a sale is out of the question, what next? Not much, it seems. At a commons trade-and-industry committee hearing on January 25th, Post Office bosses called yet again for more freedom from the Treasury‘s shackles, even within the public sector. But Mr. Heseltine told the members of Parliament, he has not yet decided what to do with the Post Office. He is still reluctant to let it loose while it remains in state hands. And rightly: with its debt guaranteed by the government, it would have an unfair advantage over private firms, which lack Treasury backing.

The current position, though, is contradictory. A state-owned Royal Mail, says Mr. Heseltine, is still able to pursue joint ventures with private companies under the Private Finance Initiative (PFI). But this would be little more than a clever idea. PFI projects would still, through the Post Office, be state-backed—and so have an edge over private rivals. To confuse matters further, Mr. Heseltine wants the Post Office‘s shops to sell new services, such as travel insurance, in competition with private firms.

Worse, the government treats different nationalized industries in different ways. The government is now, rightly, refusing to give the Post Office commercial freedom and still keen on privatizing it while doing precisely the opposite with the BBC—reusing to privatize it and begging it to exercise commercial freedom.

One reason the government has got itself into such confusion is that too many people view both the BBC and the Post Office as national monuments, not nationalized industries. But monuments only commemorate the country‘s past; they do not show the way to its future. And neither firm can remain immune to changes in its markets. The price of sentiment will be the collapse of the monuments themselves.

1. It can be inferred from the passage that the author is in favor of ________.

[A] having the Post Office privatized

[B] treating BBC and the Post Office differently

[C] cooperation between public and private sectors

[D] more governmental aid to state-owned companies

2. The author analyzes the Post Office issue in order to prove that _________.

[A] nationalized industries are out-dated

[B] all the state-owned industries should be privatized

[C] the British government‘s policy towards its state-owned industries lacks clarity

[D] the Post Office, just like BBC, is a national monument

3. We know from the text that Mr. Heseltine __________.

[A] advocated to privatize the Post Office

[B] urged the government to give more freedom to the Post Office

[C] denied the possibility of joint ventures between the Post Office and the private sector

[D] discouraged the Post Office from doing business in competition with private companies

4. The underlined word ―shackles‖ in the third paragraph means __________.

[A] plans [B] limits

[C] objectives [D] interests

5. From the last paragraph, we learn that __________.

[A] many people are in favor of privatizing the nationalized industries

[B] the BBC and the Post Office are in fact not nationalized industries

[C] the BBC and the Post Office are competitive enough to resist change

[D] public sentiment will lead to the bankruptcy of these two corporations

Text 4

（417 words, recommended reading time: 5′13″）

The energy crisis, which is being felt around the world, has dramatized how the careless use of the earth‘s resources has brought the whole world to the brink of disaster. The over-development of motor transport, with its increase of more cars, more highways, more pollution, more suburbs, more commuting, has contributed to the near-destruction of our cities, the breakup of the family, and the pollution not only of local air, but also of the earth‘s atmosphere. The disaster has arrived in the form of the energy crisis.

Our present situation is unlike war, revolution or depression. It is also unlike the great natural disasters of the past. Worldwide resources exploitation and energy use have brought us to a state where long-range planning is essential. What we need is not a continuation of our present serious state, which endangers the future of our country, our children and our earth, but a movement forward to a new norm in order to work rapidly and effectively on planetary problems.

This country has been falling back under the continuing exposures to loss of morality and the revelation that lawbreaking has reached into the highest places in the land. There is a storing demand for moral revival and for some devotion that is vast enough and yet personal enough to enlist the devotion of all. In the past it has been only in a war in defense of their own country and their own ideals that any people have been able to devote themselves wholeheartedly.

This is the first time that we have been asked to defend ourselves and what we hold dear in cooperation with all the other inhabitants of this planet, who share with us the same endangered air and the same endangered oceans. There is a common need to reassess our present course, to change that course, and to devise new methods through which the world can survive. This is a priceless opportunity.

To grasp it, we need a widespread understanding of the nature of the crisis confronting us and the world, a crisis that is no passing inconvenience, no byproduct of the ambitions of the oil-producing countries, no environmentalists mere fears, no byproduct of the ambitions of the oil-producing countries, no environmentalists‘ mere fears, no byproduct of any present system of government. What we face is the outcome of the invention of the last four hundred years. What we need is a transformed lifestyle. The acceptance of this life style depends on a sincere devotion to finding a higher quality of life for the world‘s children and future gen erations.

1. According to the first paragraph, what condition does the author feel has nearly destroyed our cities?

[A] Lack of financial planning.

[B] The breakup of the family.

[C] Natural disasters in many regions.

[D] The excessive growth of motor transportation.

2. According to the passage, an example of our loss of morality is __________.

[A] lack of cooperation

[B] lack of devotion

[C] disregard for law

[D] exploitation of resources

3. ―The highest places in the land‖ in the third paragraph most pro bably refers to __________.

[A] mountainous areas in the countries

[B] national government offices

[C] high positions in the business

[D] core of crime organizations

4. The purpose of the author in writing this passage is to __________.

[A] describe seriousness of the energy crisis

[B] reveal the loss of morality in many people

[C] call for more devotion to a common cause of mankind

[D] warn of the immediate dangers of the energy crisis

5. Which of the following is the most suitable title for this passage?

[A] Energy Crisis

[B] Environmental Pollution

[C] Loss of Morality

[D] Over-development of Motor Transport

Unit Two

Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.

Text 1

（383 words, recommended reading time: 4′48″）

People today all over the world are beginning to hear and learn more and more about the problem of pollution. Pollution is caused either by the release of completely new and often artificial substances into the environment, or by releasing greatly increased amounts of natural substances, such as oil, from oil tankers into the sea.

The whole industrial process, which makes many of the goods and machines we need and use in our daily lives, is bound to create number of waste products which upset the environmental balance, or the ecological balance as it is also known. Many of these waste products can be prevented or disposed of sensibly, but clearly while more and more new goods are products and make complex, there will be new, dangerous wastes to be disposed of, for example, the waste products from nuclear power stations. Many people, therefore, see pollution as only part of a larger and more complex problem, that is, the whole process of industrial production and consumption of goods. Others again see the problem mainly in connection with agriculture, where new methods are helping farmers grow more an more on their land to feed our ever-increasing populations! However, the land itself is gradually becoming worn out as it is being used, in some cases, too heavily, and artificial fertilizers cannot restore the balance.

Whatever its underlying reasons, there is no doubt that much of the pollution caused could be controlled if a lot of companies, individuals and governments would make more efforts. In the home there is an obvious need to control litter and waste. Food comes, wrapped up three or four

times in packages that all have to be disposed of, and drinks are increasingly sold in bottles or tins, which cannot be reused. This is only causes a litter problem, but also is a great waste of resources, in terms of glass, metals and paper. Advertising has helped this process by dissuading many of us not only to buy things we neither want nor need, but also to throw away much of what we do buy. Pollution and waste combine to be a problem everyone can help to solve by cutting out unnecessary buying, excess consumption and careless disposal of the products we use in our daily lives.

1. The main cause of pollution is ___________.

[A] the release of artificial or natural substances into the environment

[B] the production of new industrial goods

[C] increased amounts of a natural substance

[D] our ever-increasing population

2. The release of oil from oil tankers into the sea is ___________.

[A] the only source of pollution

[B] a kind of pollution caused by the release of natural substances

[C] of world wide consequence

[D] most harmful to mankind

3. What do you think will upset the environmental balance?

[A] Waste products.

[B] The whole industrial process.

[C] Many of the goods.

[D] Some machines we need and use in our daily life.

4. According to the author, the more new goods ____________.

[A] the less pollution we have

[B] the harder pollution can be done away with

[C] the more pollution there will be

[D] the higher our living standard will be

5. Which of the following could serve as the best title for the passage?

[A] Pollution—the Necessary Evil

[B] The Causes of Pollution

[C] Pollution and Agriculture

[D] Anti-pollution Needs Your Efforts

Text 2

（451 words, recommended reading time: 5′38″）

It is surprising how many expressions that people use every day came from the card game poker. For example, you hear the expression ―ace in the hole‖ used by many who would never think of going near a poker table. An ace in the hole is any argument, plan or thinking kept hidden until needed, especially when it can turn failure into success.

In poker an most card games, the ace is the highest and most valuable card, it is often a winning card. In one kind of poker game, the first card to each player is dealt face down. A player does not show this card to the other players. The other cards are dealt face up with the players

betting money each time they receive another card. No one knows until the end of the game whose hidden card is the winner. Often, the ―ace in the hole‖ wins the game.

Smart card players, especially those who play for large amounts of money, closely watch the person who deals the cards. They are watching to make sure he is dealing honestly, that he is not dealing off the bottom of the stack of cards. A dealer who is doing that has ―stacked the deck‖. He has fixed the cards so that he will get higher cards and you will lose.

The expression ―dealing off the bottom‖ now means cheati ng in business, as well as in cards. And when someone tells you that ―the cards are stacked‖ against you, he is saying you do not have a chance to succeed.

In a poker game you do not want to let your opponents know if your cards are good or bad. So having a ―poker face‖ is important. A poker face never shows any emotion, never expresses either good or bad feelings. No one can learn, by looking at your face, if your cards are good or bad. People now use ―poker face‖ in everyday speech to describe someone who shows no emotion.

Someone who has a ―poker face‖ usually is good at ―bluffing‖. Bluffing is trying to trick a person into believing something about you that is not true. In poker, you bluff when you bet heavily on a poor hand. The idea is to make the other players believe you have strong cards and are sure to win. If they believe you, they are likely to drop out of the game, leaving to you the money they have bet.

You can do a better job of bluffing if you ―hold your cards close to your vest‖. You hold you r cards close to you so no one else can see what you have. In everyday speech, holding your cards close to your vest means not letting other know what you are doing or thinking. You are keeping your plans secret.

1. If we say ―he has ace in the hole‖, we suggest that ___________.

[A] he has a difficulty in responding to other people‘s maneuvers

[B] he is a person who is fond of playing card games

[C] he might lose a game because he forgets his card

[D] he may win a game at the last moment when he shows his secret skills

2. From the passage, we can infer that this essay comes from a book on __________.

[A] introductory etymology

[B] general science

[C] literature review

[D] book review

3. The phrase ―dealing off the bottom‖ may mean ____________.

[A] cheating in business

[B] cheating in card games

[C] both A and B

[D] neither A nor B

4. This passage mainly tells us about __________.

[A] the anecdotal support for the meaning of phrases

[B] the idiomatic expressions originating from card games

[C] the tricks in playing card games

[D] the reason why people like playing card games

5. According to the passage, if a person has a poker face, its is easy _________.

[A] to cheat him

[B] to guess his under thoughts

[C] for him to keep secret

[D] for him to mislead others

Text 3

（437 words, recommended reading time: 5′28″）

The Manchruian Candidate, Frank Sinatra, unable to fathom the depth and extent of the evil that had been done to the mind of a man programmed to become a killer cries, ―Hell, hell!‖ People many say the same thin g after last week‘s school shooting of a six-year-old girl by a six-year-old boy. On Tuesday the boy brought a pistil to an elementary school in Mount Morris Township, near Flint, Mich., and shot a classmate, Kavla Rolland, to death. He is loaded gun lying around with involuntary manslaughter, contributing to the delinquency of a minor and gross neglect each of which has a wider application. The story may be too unusual for the drawing of larger lessons, but one reason it is so troubling is that it touches the worst of America‘s social ills, including the shaping of a boy who became a loaded gun himself.

Who killed Kayla Rolland? A six-year-old classmate did it. On Tuesday morning, he went to the heo J. Buell Elementary School carrying both a concealed Davis 323 semiautomatic handgun, advertised as ―the original pocket pistol‖, and a knife. Another kid reported the knife to a teacher and it was taken away. The boy held on to the gun shortly before 10 a.m.. Chris Boaz, a seven-year-old boy, witnessed the following scene. The children were changing classrooms, from a small reading group to computer training class. This is contrary to the police report that the crime occurred inside a classroom. The kids were on the first level heading to the second when the boy pulled out his pistol. Kayla was walking ahead of him up the school stairs. He called out, ―I don‘t like you.‖ She had her back to him, then turned and asked as a challenge, ―So?‖ The boy, who had first pointed the gun at another classmate, swung around and fired a single bullet that entered Kayla‘s right arm and traveled through her vital organs. Boze says he saw blood on both sides of Kavla‘s stomach. She grabbed her stomach then her neck, gasping for air.

The shooter ran to the bathroom to hide and tossed the gun into the trash, Kayla was treated by paramedics at the school and was taken to Hurley Medical Center where she was pronounced dead at 10:29 a.m., lmmediate after the shooting, the principal made all students stay in classrooms, and locked classroom doors in the school. The boy, who did not attempt to run away, was taken to the principal‘s office where he was questioned.

1. From the way in which the author narrates the case, we can conclude that he arranges the materials in __________.

[A] a spatial order

[B] a chronological order

[C] a serial order

[D] an argumentative order

2. In the first paragraph, the author is mainly concerned with __________.

[A] showing that children are not free from crimes

[B] indicating that society should draw lessons from the case

[C] implying that handguns can be fatal

[D] informing us that better weapons will lead to more victims

3. The best title for this passage is __________.

[A] Child Killer

[B] The Catastrophe of Handguns

[C] The Education in Primary Schools

[D] Child Delinquency

4. In the last paragraph of this passage, the author uses the word ―paramedic‖ to mean a ______.

[A] surgeon who has operations

[B] physician who majored in stomach diseases

[C] medical worker who treats minor illnesses

[D] dentist who helps his patients with their teeth

5. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?

[A] The boy shooter can not be sentenced to jail.

[B] The shooting disclosed one of the worst evils of the U.S. society.

[C] If Kayla had not turned and challenged the boy, she might not have been shot.

[D] The police report described exactly what had happened.

Text 4

（447 words, recommended reading time: 5′35″）

Zoos are among mankind‘s oldest institutions, dating back at least 4,500 years, and probably more. Across the world they have brought together and displayed live wild animals for people to look at and over the years hundreds of millions have. Any institution with so long a history and so universally attended must reach something in people deeper than idle curiosity. Since it is fashionable to speak of roots today, it might be suggested that zoos allow us to stay in touch with our most primitive roots in a primeval world where human survival depended on knowing the shapes and habits of wild animals. So important were wild creatures to our distant ancestors that they were the most request subjects of paintings on cave walls, formed the basis for virtually all early religions, and were in numerous in stances worshipped as gods.

Now our survival is threatened more by what we ourselves have worked, and by the stresses of living among these creations, than it is by wild animals to whom we relegate less and less living space with each passing year. In this world the need for good zoological gardens is urgent. The exponential growth of human population and the ever-increasing sprawl of cities does more than rob land from wildlife: it pushes the animals farther away from city dwellers. People live in brick, concrete, and glass environments where they lose all touch with wilderness; children grow up who have never tried to catch a frog, never seen a hawk soar or a deer step daintily into a forest clearing—let alone watched a herd of elephants amble across the river or a pride of lions stalk prey.

People who have the time and money can take an occasional trip to the remaining wilderness and find, in places where wild animals still live, the renewal of spirit that comes from prolonged visits to wild country. For millions of others who are unable to leave the cities or can‘t afford to, good zoos laid our among plants and trees can bring what conservationist lan Player calls ―a tast e

of wilderness‖. Perhaps more important in the long run, zoos can help give deprived people an awareness that we share the world with many other animals and should have a decent regard for their worth and right to live. If zoos did no more than accomplish these two ends, they would serve a noble purpose.

As it happens, however, today‘s zoos can do far more. They can become breeding centers for those wild species whose continued existence has become precarious. The term ―captive breeding‖ has been used to describe this new role of zoos, and this book describes the effort—the most important task that zoos have yet undertaken.

1. In the second sentence of the first paragraph, ―hundreds of millions‖ refers to the great number of ___________.

[A] mankind‘s vari ous institutions

[B] zoos across the world

[C] live wild animals displayed

[D] people who have visited zoos

2. According to the author, which of the following might be the LEAST threatening one to humanity‘s survival now?

[A] Wild animals.

[B] limited space.

[C] Population growth.

[D] City expansion.

3. In this passage, the author believes that zoos __________.

[A] enable people to experience the feeling of being in the nature

[B] bring poor people a sense of comfort with the sight of animals

[C] make peopl e cherish their life more by knowing animals‘ fate better

[D] serve noble people from less than two aspects in the long run

4. This passage might be taken out of a _________.

[A] review of book

[B] preface to a book

[C] lecture on a book

[D] advertisement of a book

5. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT mentioned as the task of zoos?

[A] Gathering animals for scientific studies.

[B] Educating people to pay more attention to animals.

[C] Preventing rare animals from extinction.

[D] Bringing people a taste of wildness.

Unit Three

Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.

Text 1

（400 words, recommended reading time: 5′00″）

The economic effects are easy to see. Since 1978, some 43 billion jobs have been lost, largely to forms of technology—either to robotics directly or to computers that are doing what they are supposed to be doing, being labor-saving devices. Today, there is no such thing as a lifetime job; there is no such thing as a career for most people anymore. The jobs that are not done away with are being deskilled, or they are disposable jobs. Even for those jobs that many of you may feel secure with, there are people who are working on what are called ?expert systems‘ to be able to take jobs away from doctors and judges and lawyers. The machine is capable of shredding these jobs as well.

But it‘s not just the jobs. The economy of jobs and services is trivial compared to the ―Nintendo capitalism‖ that now operates in t he world. Four trillion dollars a day is shuffled around the earth as wealth created there. The inevitable result of a Nintendo economy—pulling itself apart, losing jobs, insecure—is the shriveling of the society in which it exists. What we have is an apartheid society, with growing gaps between the rich and poor, and the rich spending a lot of time cocooning themselves from the effects of the poor.

A further result of information technology—something that nobody seems to wish to pay much attention to—is the shredding everywhere of the natural world. Forget about the amount of toxins that go into producing these computers, and the resources that go into producing them, such that 40,000 pounds of resources are necessary for a four-pound laptop. That‘s trivial compared to the direct effect that computers and the industrial system as a result have on the atmosphere and climate, the pollution of air and water.

The development in technology does not always bring human beings goods; there is bad new too but most people are ignorant of the drawback of the new technology at first. In this century, however, the development in science and technology really aroused people‘s attention of the weak points. But the technology has an even darker effect, because it is enabling us to conquer nature. Industrial society is waging a war of the techno-sphere against the biosphere. That is the Third World War. The bad new is that we are winning that war.

1. According to the passage, information technology brings hazard to _________.

[A] human society and natural environment

[B] natural environment and economy

[C] domestic economy and human society

[D] human society, economy and environment

2. The author‘s attitude towards information technology is one of _________.

[A] fear

[B] criticism

[C] skepticism

[D] optimism

3. What does the author imply by using the term ―the Third World War‖?

[A] Human conquering of nature.

[B] Information technology‘s destruction of natural environment.

[C] Technology‘s control over nature.

[D] Technology‘s conquering of human society and nature.

4. From the context, we can infer that ―Nintendo capitalism‖ means _________.

[A] a capitalism that is prosperous

[B] a capitalism that is dooming

[C] a worship of capitalism

[D] a worship of technology

5. Which of the following might be an appropriate title of the passage?

[A] Nintendo Capitalism

[B] The Development of Information Technology

[C] The Hazard of Information Technology

[D] The War of Techno-sphere against the Biosphere

Text 2

（453 words, recommended reading time: 5′40″）

Global warming could cause drought and possibly famine in China, the source of much of Hong Kong‘s food, by 2050, a new report predicts. Hong Kong could also be at risk from flooding as sea levels rose. The report recommends building sea walls around low-lying areas such as the new port and airport reclamations and uses the most recent projections on climate change to point to a gloomy outlook for China.

By 2050 about 30 to 40 percent of the country will experience changes in the type of vegetation supports, with tropical and subtropical forest conditions shifting northward and ho desert condition rising in the west where currently the desert is temperate. Crop-growing areas will expand but any benefit is expected to be negated by increased evaporation of moisture, making it too dry to grow crops such as rice. The growing season also is expected to alter, becoming shorter in southern and central China, the mainland‘s breadbasket. The rapid changes make it unlikely that plants could adapt.

―China will produce smaller crops. In the central and northern areas, and the southern part, there will be decreased production because of water limitation,‖ said Dr. Ril Leemans, one of the authors of the report. Famine could result because of the demands of feeding the population—particularly if grows—and the diminished productivity of the land. ―It looks very difficult for the world as a whole‖, he said.

Dr. Leemans said China‘s reliance on coal-fired power for its industrial growth did not bode well for the world climate. ―I think the political and economic powers in China are much greater than the environmental powers, and (greenhouse gas emissions) could accelerate‖, Dr. Leemans said. ―China is not taking the problem seriously yet, although it is trying to incorporate this kind of research to see what is going to happen.‖

The climate change report, which will be released tomorrow, focuses on China but Mr. David Melville of WWF-Hong Kong said some of the depressing scenarios could apply to Hong Kong. Food supplies, for instance, could be affected by lower crop yields. ―Maybe we could afford to import food from elsewhere but you have to deep in mind that the type of changes experienced in southern China will take place elsewhere as well‖, he said. Sea level s could rise as glaciers melted and the higher temperatures expanded the size of the oceans, threatening much of developed Hong Kong which is built on reclaimed land.

―Hong Kong has substantial areas built on reclaimed land and sea level rises could impact on the whole area‖, Mr. Melville said, adding that sea walls would be needed. Depleted fresh water

supplies would be another problem because increased evaporation would reduce levels.

1. Overall, what sort of picture is painted of the future effects of global warming?

[A] Disastrous.

[B] Potentially disastrous.

[C] Relatively optimistic.

[D] On balance—things are going to be satisfactory.

2. Mr. David Melville suggests that in future more food could be imported into Hong Kong. He think these measures could be __________.

[A] efficient

[B] sufficient

[C] insufficient

[D] inefficient

3. The main point of paragraph two I to describe __________.

[A] effects of changes in the climate of China on food production

[B] future changes in the vegetation

[C] future changes in the growing season

[D] projected future changes in the climate of China

4. How would you describe the Dr. Leeman‘s attitude towards China?

[A] Mainly favorable.

[B] Critical.

[C] Supportive in theory.

[D] Admiring.

5. In Paragraph 2 ―negated‖ is closest in meaning to _________.

[A] made ineffective

[B] made possible

[C] reduced

[D] paid for

Text 3

（365 words, recommended reading time: 4′34″）

After months of tear, loathing, and litigation, the music and consumer-electronics industry decided to try to make beautiful music together. Last week the Secure Digital Music Imitative, a coalition of 100 music, electronics and high-tech companies announced that it was provisionally blessing a controversial music format known as MP3 players. So this announcement attracted a lot of attention in both the producer and consumer sides.

MP3, in case you‘ve lost your a bbreviations handbook, is a compression scheme that allows the digital music in CDs to be shrank to a tenth its size and still sound great. MP3 songs are small enough to be traded online, mad they are by the millions to the consternation of record companies, which fear that everything ever released on disc will end up online for free. Traditional records and their sale may be greatly undermined by this new format of music, and for the music‘s sake, it is better conveyed in this new medium.

That‘s why the re cording industry sued little Diamond Multimedia when it started selling a

portable MP3 player last year. Not only did Diamond win in court, but it also 100,000 Rios along the way. With half a dozen other companies racing to produce their own versions of the Rio for Christmas, what could the music industry do? They have no choice in their future, their success just depends on how they can cope with the new trend and cooperate with the electronics companies.

It couldn‘t ignore MP3, which has become the format of choice among new bands trying to break in and vets looking for prerelease buzz. So the industry blessed it on one condition; within 18 months, when a standard is adopted that allows piracy-protected music to be sold online, the electronics companies agree to make their players compliant. This can be done as the beneficiaries are already applauding for the coming of the new magic MP3 players, which is both convenient and capable of carrying on much more music than conventional walkmans. What‘s next? Digi tally pirated movies. Get ready, Hollywood.

1. The most appropriate title for the passage is __________.

[A] I Want My MP3

[B] Music and Electronics

[C] Piracy along the Way

[D] Movie is the Next

2. According to the passage, what is NOT an advantage of the MP3 format?

[A] The size of music can be shortened to one tenth of its original size.

[B] The fans can enjoy the music before the formal release of the music.

[C] The new musicians can enter the industry more easily.

[D] The struggle against piracy will be proved difficult.

3. According to the last paragraph, what will happen to Hollywood?

[A] The movies will not worry about the situation in the music field.

[B] The movies can be easily pirated with this new format.

[C] The songs in movies will be recorded in the MP3 format.

[D] The new technology has little to do with the movie industry.

4. In the second paragraph, the word ―consternation‖ is closest in meaning to _________.

[A] calmness

[B] peacefulness

[C] shock

[D] intention

5. According to the passage, the music and consumer-electronics industry decided to cooperate because _________.

[A] the litigation between them cost them too much

[B] selling MP3 would produce huge profits

[C] MP3 is the unchangeable trend and they have to adapt to it

[D] All of the above.

Text 4

（388 words, recommended reading time: 4′51″）

One of the earliest changes experienced by newly modernizing countries is the reduction of

infectious disease through the diffusion of public health technology. Public health technology lowers the death rate, especially among infants and children, causing rapid population growth. Since most of the people of less developed nations live in rural areas that cannot absorb the increased population, unemployment presses people off the land. They tend to migrate into urban areas where newly developing industry and commerce and modern consumer goods and services offer hope for employment and a better life. Unfortunately, the opportunities are more apparent than real; and often the transition is more painful than pleasant.

In the course of the transition from agrarian life to modern urban living, the family undergoes major changes in function, structure, relations, and style. Functionally, the family changes from a production family‘s farm i nterests, and the extended family household changes to the one containing only a core nuclear families have fewer of them. Wives lose their functions as producers and maintainers of the labor force and become free to pursue extra household activities.

The modern economy forces work outside the home away from kinfolk. Not only the father but also the mother is forced into the marketplace or factory to obtain enough money for the family to survive in a pecuniary economy. Without the extended family household, no one remains at home to supervise children, so they are life on their own. They may be sent into the streets to earn money. Daily life becomes filled with more secondary than primary relations. There is an erosion of family control over individual members.

Scarce urban housing forces overcrowding in both dwelling and neighborhood. Dense structures with common halls, stairways, and utilities cause more intensive contact with neighbors than in rural villages. Loss of rural courtyards, oven rooms, and large family areas drives group activities such as cooking, eating, and sitting into small rooms or city streets. More positively, household furnishings change as families are able to acquire the high-status accoutrements of modern living such as kerosene burners for cooking (replacing dung cakes) and beds (instead of mats).

1. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?

[A] The spread of public health technology reduced infectious disease.

[B] The reduction of infectious disease lowered the birthrate.

[C] The lower death rate encouraged the population to grow faster.

[D] The larger population created greater employment pressure.

2. By ―wives lose their functions as producers and maintainers of the labor force‖, the author means that ___________.

[A] many women are no longer able to join the labor force

[B] many women become too weak to work

[C] many women refuse to have children

[D] the major job for women is no longer to give birth to and bring up children

3. The first sentence of paragraph 3, ―The modern economy forces work outside the home away from kinsfolk‖ means that __________.

[A] the forces of modern economy operate beyond the influence of the family

[B] the forces of modern economy are going out of the family

[C] modern economy forces work to go out of the family

[D] modern economy forces work which is outside the home to move away from family

members

4. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?

[A] In today‘s city life, nobody is willing to stay home to supervi se children.

[B] Today‘s city family has very weak control over its members.

[C] Extended families from the countryside survive only in mutual activities.

[D] All immigrants from abroad need help from relatives to become independent.

5. According to the author, it is good that __________.

[A] neighbors in cities have more intensive contact with one another than rural people

[B] group activities such as cooking, eating, and sitting take place in small rooms or city streets

[C] families are able to acquire the high-status accoutrements of modern living

[D] there is a cultural lag in the U.S.

Unit Four

Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.

Text 1

（440 words, recommended reading time: 5′30″）

Nuclear weapons were first developed in the United States during the Second World War, to be used against Germany. However, by the time the first bombs were ready for use, the war with Germany had ended and, as a result, the decision was made to use the weapons against Japan instead. Hiroshima and Nagasaki have suffered the consequences of this decision to the present day.

The real reasons why bombs were dropped on two heavily populated cities are not altogether clear. A number of people in 1944 and early 1945 argued that the use of nuclear weapons would be unnecessary, since American intelligence was aware that some of the most powerful and influential people in Japan had already realized that the war was lost, and wanted to negotiate a Japanese surrender. It was also argued that, since Japan has few natural resources, a blockade by the American navy would force it to surrender within a few natural resources, a blockade by the American navy would force it to surrender within a few weeks, and the use of nuclear weapons would thus prove unnecessary. If a demonstration of force was required to end the war, a bomb could be dropped over an unpopulated area like a desert, in front of Japanese observers, or over an area of low population inside Japan, such as a forest. Choosing this course of action might minimize the loss of further lives on all sides, while the power of nuclear weapons would still be adequately demonstrated.

All of these arguments were rejected, however, and the general consensus was that the quickest way to end the fighting would be to use nuclear weapons against centers of population inside Japan. In fact, two of the more likely reasons why this decision was reached seem quite shocking to us now.

Since the beginning of the Second World War both Germany and Japan had adopted a policy of genocide. Later on, even the US and Britain had used the strategy of firebombing cities in order

to kill, injure and intimidate as many civilians as possible. Certainly, the general public in the West had become so used to hear about the enemy in any case, would not seem particularly unacceptable—a bit of ?justifiable‘ revenge for the Allies‘ own losses, perhaps.

The second reason is not much easier to comprehend. Some of the leading scientists in the world had collaborated to develop nuclear weapons, and this development had resulted in a number of major advances in technology and scientific knowledge. As a result, a lot of normal, intelligent people wanted to see nuclear weapons used; they wanted to see just how destructive this new invention could be it no doubt turned out to be even more ?effective‘ than they had imagined.

1. Which is closest in meaning to the last sentence of Paragraph 1?

[A] The cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki were badly damaged when they were bombed.

[B] The awful effects of dropping nuclear bombs on these cities can still be felt.

[C] Hiroshima and Nagasaki suffered because Japan would not agree to end the war.

[D] The end of the war with Germany meat that Hiroshima and Nagasaki would suffer.

2. According to paragraph two, a blockade would have been successful because _________.

[A] Japan and to import most of its natural resources

[B] Japan would not be powerful enough to beat a blockade

[C] an attack would probably destroy Japanese resources within a few weeks

[D] the Americans could defeat Japan‘s navy since it was short of resources

3. From the last sentence of Paragraph 3, we can infer that __________.

[A] the real reasons for the decision may never have been made clear

[B] the writer probably expects us not to agree with his opinion

[C] the writer has not done much research on this subject to establish the facts

[D] the writer has attempted to present the facts as objectively as possible

4. According to Paragraph 4, which of the following is true?

[A] People in the West had got used to hearing the sounds of people dying.

[B] It would probably not be wise to inform people in the West of deaths.

[C] Scientists thought only a few thousand people would die if the bombs were used.

[D] People in the West would accept that some people had to die to end the war.

5. The first sentence of Paragraph 5 means that __________.

[A] the decisions were made by intelligent people and were difficult to follow

[B] his presentation of the argument in paragraph five is difficult to understand

[C] the reasons given for the decision are hard for us to accept nowadays

[D] the decisions were complex and made by highly intelligent people

Text 2

（414 words, recommended reading time: 5′11″）

Iris Rossner has seen eastern Germany customers weep for joy when they drive away in shiny, new Mercedes-Benz sedans. ―They have tears in their eyes and keep saying how lucky they are‖, says Rossner, the Mercedes employee responsible for post-delivery celebrations. Rossner has also seen the French pop corks on bottles of champagne as their national flag was hoisted above a purchase. And she has seen American business executives, Japanese tourists and Russian

politicians travel thousands of miles to a Mercedes plant in southwestern Germany when a classic sedan with the trade mark three pointed star was about to roll off the assembly line and into their lives. Those were the good economic miracle of the 1960s and ended in 1991.

Times have change d. ―Ten years ago, we had clear leadership in the market‖, say Mercedes spokesman Horsk Krambeer. ―But over this period, the market has changed drastically. We are now in a pitched battle. The Japanese are partly responsible, but Mercedes has had to learn the hard way that even German firms like BMW and Audi have made efforts to rise to our standards of technical proficiency.‖

Mercedes experienced one of its worst years ever in 1992. the auto maker‘s worldwide car sales fell by 5 percent from the previous year, to a low of 527,500. Before the decline, in 1988, the company could sell close to 600,000 cars per year. In Germany alone, there were 30,000 fewer new Mercedes registrations last year than in 1991. As a result, production has plunged by almost 50,000 cars to 529,400 last year, a level well beneath the company‘s potential capacity of 650,000.

Mercedes‘ competitors have been catching up in the United States, the world‘s largest car market. In 1986, Mercedes sold 100,000 vehicles in America; by 1991, the number had declined to 59,000. Over the last two years, the struggling company has lost a slice of its US market share to BMW, Toyota and Nissan. And BMW outsold Mercedes in American last year for the first time in its history. Meanwhile, just as Mercedes began making some headway in Japan, a notoriously difficult market, the Japanese economy fell on hard times and the company saw its sales decline by 13 percent in that country.

Revenue will hardly improve this year, and the time has come for getting down to business. Mercedes, that means cutting payrolls, streamlining production and opening up to consumer needs—revolutionary steps for a company that once considered itself beyond improvement.

1. The author‘s intention in citing various nationalities‘ intere sts in Mercedes is to illustrate Mercedes‘ ___________.

[A] sales strategies

[B] market monopoly

[C] superior quality

[D] past record

2. Mercedes is having a hard time because __________.

[A] it is lagging behind in technology

[B] Japan is turning to BMW for cars

[C] its competitors are catching up

[D] sales in America have dropped by 13%

3. In the good years Mercedes could sell about __________.

[A] 527,500 cars

[B] 529,400 cars

[C] 600,000 cars

[D] 650,000 cars

4. What caused the decline of Mercedes‘ sales in Japan?

[A] The state of economy there.

[B] Japan is a very difficult market.

[C] Competition from other car companies.

[D] BMW and Audi‘s improved technical standards.

5. In the last paragraph, ―beyond improvement‖ is closest in meaning to __________.

[A] difficult to improve

[B] past improvement

[C] without improvement

[D] unnecessary to improve

Text 3

（400 words, recommended reading time: 5′00″）

Very often in everyday usage of the terms ?dialect‘ and ?language‘, the distinct ion between them is based very largely upon political or cultural considerations. For example, mandarin and Cantonese are called diatects of Chinese, but they are more distinct from one another than, say, Danish and Norwegian or, even more strikingly, Dutch, Flemish and Afrilaans, which are frequently described as different languages. It might be thought that the criterion of inter-comprehensibility would suffice to draw a political and culturally neutral line of boundary between languages. This in indeed the major criterion that a practicing linguist would appoly in establishing the limits of a language community. But there are problems. It very often happens that dialect variation is gradual, and more or less continuous, over a wide area. Thus, speakers from two widely separated regions might be unable to understand one another, but there might be no point between any two adjacent dialects at which inter-comprehensibility breaks down. Then there is the further, more troublesome problem that comprehensibility is not always symmetrical; nor is it a matter of all or nothing. It is quite possible, and indeed quite common, for X to understand most of what Y says and for Y to understand little or nothing of what X says, when each speaks to the other in his own dialect. For various reasons, then it is often very difficult to draw a sharp distinction between distinct languages and different dialects of the same language.

Indeed, it is very often the case that no sharp distinction can be drawn between the dialect of one region and that of another, usually neighboring region. However narrowly we circumscribe the dialect area by means of social, as well as geographical criteria, we shall always find, if we investigate the matter, a certain amount of systematic variation in the speech of those who are thereby established as speakers of the same dialect. In the last resort, we should have to admit that everyone has his own individual dialect: that he has his own idiolect, as linguists put it. Every idiolect will differ from every other, certainly in vocabulary and pronunciation and perhaps also, to a smaller degree, in grammar. Furthermore, one‘s idiolect is not fixed once and for all at the end of what we normally think of as the period of language acquisition: it is subject to modification and extension right through life.

1. By using the examples of Mandarin and Cantonese, the author tells us that _________.

[A] dialects of a language can be different from other languages

[B] the political or cultural criteria can suffice to draw boundaries between dialects

[C] dialects of a language can be as different as different languages

[D] inter-comprehensibility is the criterion against which dialects can be defined

2. By using ―comprehensibility is not always symmetrical; nor is it a matter of all or nothing‖, the author means that __________.

五年级语文阅读理解专项训练(后附答案)

五年级语文上册阅读理解专项训练（一） 一次报告会（节选） 那是下午在“新长征突击手报告会”上的事。某饭店的青年厨师介绍经验后说：“同学们，我现在已会做150多样菜，会刻40多种‘萝卜花’，会……” 青年厨师接着解释道：“同学们大概不知道‘萝卜花’是什么玩艺儿吧？下面我给你们表演一下刻‘萝卜花’！” 只见青年厨师从书包里掏出两个红心萝卜，又拿出一把小刀，就坐在桌前刻上了。他边刻边说：“我先刻一朵‘月季花’！” 同学们都觉得很新奇，大家目不转睛地望着台上。 青年厨师几下就把萝卜皮拉掉了，然后又熟练地这儿切一下，那儿刻一刀，不到一分钟的工夫，一朵十分逼真的“月季花”就在他手里“诞生”了！ 大会主席举着这朵“月季花”绕场一周。同学们都赞叹不已： “嘿，真像啊！” “根本就看不出是什么做的！” “哎，就像用玉石雕出来似的！”…… 这时，青年厨师又拿起一个稍大的萝卜，说：“再刻一只‘仙鹤’。它的眼睛是花椒粒儿，腿和翅膀是紫萝卜！”说罢，他又一刀接着一刀地刻开了。他边刻边说，告诉我们他精心制作过一束“萝卜花”敬献给我们的国家领导人；还讲到外国友好人士对“萝卜花”的热情赞扬。刚说了不大工夫，一只玲珑剔透的“仙鹤”就活灵活现地展现在人们的眼前了。 啊，真是运刀如神，萝卜开花呀！ 我听了厨师的讲述，看看这只美丽的“仙鹤”，心里想了许多许多：一位年轻的厨师，能够创作如此新颖而奇异的艺术品来，是多么感人！看来，真是行行出状元啊！我们现在努力学习，掌握本领，将来踏踏实实干，一定会为祖国做出贡献的。 “萝卜花”！我将永远记住它。 1.划去错误读音。 行行（háng xíng）出状元嘿（hēi hèi），真像啊！ 2.解释带点的字。 赞叹不已．（）活．灵活现（） 3.课文中第一处省略号省略了__________________________________________ 。第二处省略号省略了_____________________________________________。 4.把全文分成3段，用“‖”表示。 5.同学们对厨师刻的月季花都赞叹不已，原因有两点：(1)____________________； (2)_________________________________________。 6.写出文章的主要内容。 _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 7.这位某饭店青年厨师的光荣称号是_______________。本文记叙他雕刻萝卜花做出 成绩的事，说明___________________。

四年级阅读理解专项训练(含答案)

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小学语文阅读理解专项练习题

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小学语文五年级阅读理解专项练习4 一、母亲的珠宝 在几百年前的罗马城，两个孩子正在清晨的阳光下快乐地玩耍，他们的母亲康妮黎亚走过来对他们说：“亲爱的孩子，今天有一位富有的朋友要来我们家做客，她还会向我们展示她的珠宝。” 下午，那个富有的朋友来了。金环在她的手臂上闪烁着耀眼的光芒，手指上的戒指闪闪发光，脖子上挂着金项链，发髻上的珍珠饰品折射出柔和的光。 兄弟俩羡慕地看着客人，又看看自己的母亲。母亲只穿了一件素的外套，身上没有任何珍贵的饰品。但是她和善的笑容却照亮了她的脸庞，远胜于任何宝石的光芒。她金棕色的头发编成了一条长长的辫子，盘绕在头上像一顶皇冠。 □你们想看看我其他的珠宝吗□富有的女人问□ 她的仆人拿来一只盒子并放在桌子上。这位女士打开盒子，里头有成堆的像血一样红的红宝石，像天一样蓝的蓝宝石，像海一样碧绿的翡翠，像阳光一样耀眼的钻石。 这对兄弟呆呆的看着这些珠宝：“要是我们的母亲能够拥有这些东西该多好啊！” 客人炫耀完自己的珠宝之后，自满而有怜悯地说：“，告诉我，康尼黎亚，你真的这么 穷吗？什么珠宝都没有吗？” 康尼黎亚坦然地笑道：“，不，我当然有珠宝，我的珠宝比拟的更贵重。”‖ 客人睁大眼睛□是吗□快拿来让我看看吧□ 母亲拉过两个男孩儿，特贝瑞斯和卡尔斯永远不会忘记他们母亲当时脸上骄傲的表情以 及深深的爱意。数年后，他们成为罗马伟大的政治家，但他们仍然常常忆起当年的这一幕。 1、在“（）”里填上合适的词语。 （）的光芒（）的饰品 （）的翡翠（）的钻石 2、为文中划横线的句子加上合适的标点 3、在下列词语的错别字下面画上横线，再把正确的字写在括号里。 拆射（）辨子（）羡暮（） 根据分好段落，写出段落大意。 第一段： 第二段： 4、用“ ” 画出文中一个比喻句。 5、短文第2、3自然段对人物进行了什么描写？采用了什么修辞方法？ 6、母亲的珠宝是什么？ 7、假如你是那位客人，听到康尼黎亚的话，你会想些什么，说些什么？写下来。 参考答案：

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阅读理解专项练习1 一、一年级语文上册阅读理解练习 1．读儿歌。完成练习。 每一棵树梢。挂一颗月亮，小乌说：“月亮和我好!” 每一湾池塘，漂一颗月亮，青蛙说：“月亮和我好!”（1）写出儿歌中的整体认读音节。(重复的只写第一个) （2）月亮还会和谁好呢?根据下图写一写，不会写的字写拼音。 每一个________，盛一颗月亮，________说：“月亮和我好!” 【答案】（1）yì；yuè；chi （2）脸盆；小朋友 【考点】儿歌 【解析】 2．读儿歌，回答问题。 文具歌 铅笔尺子田字本，学习用品好伙伴， 天天帮助我学习，和我成长永相伴， 不损坏，不浪费，学习用品要爱惜! （1）儿歌提到了哪几种文具用品？在儿歌中找出来。 （2）你学习的好伙伴还有哪些？写下来和大家分享吧。 （3）在正确的说法后面画“√”，错误的画“×”。 ①学习用品和“我”的成长永相伴。________ ②我们要爱惜学习用品，不应该借给同学用。________ ③铅笔、尺子、田字本等都是学习用品。________ 【答案】（1）铅笔、尺子、田字本 （2）橡皮、彩笔、蜡笔、转笔刀等。 （3）√；×；√ 【考点】语段阅读 【解析】 3．读下面的儿歌，回答问题。下雪啦，下雪啦！ 雪地里来了一群小画家。 小鸡画竹叶，小狗画梅花， 小鸭画枫叶，小马画月牙。

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