2014年职称英语理工类A真题及答案解析

2014年职称英语理工类A真题及答案解析

第1部分词汇选项

下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定一个意义最为接近的选项。

1.This was disaster on cosmic scale .

A.modest

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/c417256536.html,mercial

C.huge

D.national

2.New secretaries came and went with monotonous regularity .

A.amazing

B.depressing

C.predictable

D.dull

3.A person’s wealth is often in inverse proportion to their happiness.

A.equal

B.certain

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/c417256536.html,rge

D.opposite

4.His professional career spanned 16 years .

A.started

B.changed

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/c417256536.html,sted

D.moved

5.The symptoms of the disease manifested themselves ten days later .

A.eased

B.improved

C.relieved

D.appeared

6.The group does not advocate the use of violence .

A.limit

B.support

C.regulate

D.oppose

7.She felt that she had done her good deed for the day .

A.act

B.homework

C.justice

D.model

8.Some of the larger birds can remain stationary in the air for several minutes .

A.motionless

B.silent

C.seated

D.true

9.There was an inclination to treat geography as a less important subject .

A.point

B.result

C.finding

D.tendency

10.His stomach felt hollow with fear .

A.sincere

B.respectful

C.empty

D.terrible

11.The committee was asked to render a report on the housing situation .

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A.copy

B.publish

C.summarize

D.furnish

12.That uniform makes the guards look absurd .

A.serious

B.beautiful

C.impressive

D.ridiculous

13.The department deferred the decision for six months .

A.put off

B.arrived at

C.abided by

D.protested against

14.The original experiment cannot be exactly duplicated .

A.invented

B.reproduced

C.designed

D.reported

15.The country was torn apart by strife .

A.conflict

B.poverty

C.war

D.economy

参考答案：CDDCD BAADC DDABA

第2部分阅读判断

下面的短文列出了7个句子请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提到的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的信息是错误的，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

Experience the World in 3D Game

Ever wondered how your cat or dog sees the world? Now you can look through their eyes with the first 3D game that recreates the vision of different species based on scientific evidence.

The online simulation, created by the French 3D design company Dassault Systèmes, with the guidance of veterinary ophthalmologist (眼科专家)Didier Schmidt-Morand, mimics (模仿)the vision of five animals –cats dogs, rats, hawks and bees – as a player steers them through Place Vend?me in Paris.

Due to differences in field of view, colour perception and night vision, for example, sight can be drastically different from species to species. "In terms of performance, eyes are as variable as different models of cars," says Schmidt-Morand.

The game was created by using existing virtual models of the square then applying effects based on descriptions of each animal's vision. Dassault's 3D software allows a scene to be modified by adding blur or changing the colours, angle of vision and depth of field.

Although it was easy to recreate vision inferior to that of humans – cats and dogs, for example, have trouble distinguishing shades of red –replicating features that we are unable to see was a challenge. Hawks have more detailed vision than ours, whereas dogs are better at seeing movement and have a wider field of view. "We used virtual cameras to precisely simulate larger viewing angles but the result made people nauseous(令人作

呕的)," says Schmidt-Morand. "So we tweaked(微调) the model to give a sense of the wider view without sticking to reality."

The rat's view also departs from reality: because they are near-sighted, everything more than 15 centimetres away is a blur, so they typically move close to walls to help them navigate. "A rat would never throw itself into the middle of an open area," says Schmidt-Morand. The simulation for this animal is supplemented with a map in the top right corner to help determine the rat's position: because of their limited eyesight, most landmarks are obscured.

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The game is intended as an educational resource and players can discuss their experience with others through community features on the website. If there is interest from schools and zoos, the team hopes to recreate the vision of more animals.

16.The game developed by Dassault Systemes is the first 3D game recreating the vision of different species .

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

17.Dassault’s 3Dsoftware takes different perspe ctives like color perception and angle of vision into account .

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

18.The animals’views in the software are the same as those in reality .

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

19.Dogs have larger viewing angles than humans .

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

20.It takes the team the longest time to recreate the rat’s view because they’re near-sighted .

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

21.The team is working on recreating the vision of more animals .

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

22.Schmidt-Morand’s favorite animal is cat .

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

参考答案：AABACBC

第3部分概括大意与完成句子

23. Paragraph 2 ___B________

24. Paragraph 3 ______C_____

25. Paragraph 4 _____D______

26. Paragraph 5 ____F_______

A. Rising of sea levels

B. Impact of burning fossil fuels

C. Fast feedbacks

D. Slow feedbacks

E. Unpredictability of feedback processes

F.A prediction of future climate change

27. Arctic ice has never been melting so fastin ___D________.

28. Melting of snow and ice enables sunlightto reach ____A_______.

29. Zeebe came up with his future climateprediction by analyzing

_____E______.

30.After fossil fuels are used up, globalwarming will continue for

_____B______.

A. the exposed ground

B. a very long time

C. the extra heat

D. recorded history

E. previously published studies

F. rapid exaggeration of impacts

第4部分，阅读理解

第一篇The Northern Lights

The sun is stormy and has it own kind ofweather. It is so hot and active that even the Sun’sgravity cannot hold its atmosphere in check! Energy flows away from the Suntoward the Earth in a stream of electrified particles that move at speedsaround a million miles per hour. These particles are called plasma, and thestream of plasma coming from the Sun is called the solar wind. The more activethe Sun, the stronger the solar wind.

The solar wind constantly streams toward theEarth, but don’t worry because a protective magneticfields surrounds our planet. The same magnetic field that makes your compasspoint north also steers the particles from the Sun to the north and southpoles. The charged particles become trapped in magnetic belts around the Earth.When a large blast of solar wind crashes into the Earth’s magnetic field first gets squeezed and then the magnetic fieldlines break and reconnect.

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The breaking and reconnecting of the magneticfield lines can cause atomic particles called electrons trapped in the belts tofall into the Earth’s atmosphere at the poles. As theelectrons fall into the Earth, they collide with gas molecules in theatmosphere, creating flashes of light in the sky.

Each atmospheric gas glows a different color.Oxygen and nitrogen glows red and green and nitrogen glows violet-purple. Asthese various colors glow and dance in the night sky, they create the NorthernLights and the Southern Lights.

Watching auroras(北极光)is fun and exciting, but normally you can only see them in places far northlike Alaska and Canada. The movement of the aurora across the sky is usuallyslow enough to easily follow with your eyes but they can also pulsate(跳动), flicker(闪烁), or even move like waves.During solar maximum, 5 auroras are seen as far south as Florida, even Mexico!Aurorasoften seem to be very close to the ground, but the

lowest aurora is still about100 kilometers above the ground, a distance much higher than clouds are formedor airplanes can fly. A typical aurora band can be thousands of kilometerslong, a few hundred kilometers high, but only a few hundred meters thick.

We hope you are able to travel to far-northplaces like the Arctic Circle and see the Northern Lights at least once duringyour lifetime. We know you will never forget it!

31. The solar wind comes into being as aresult of______

A. disappearance of the Sun’s gravity.

B. unpredictable weather of the Sun.

C. fast flow of energy away from the Sun.

D. a stream of particles being blown away.

32. What happens when solar wind comes to theEarth?

A. A protective magnetic field is formed atthe same time.

B. It is trapped in magnetic belts around theEarth.

C. It destroys the protective magnetic fieldsurrounding the Earth.

D. It breaks magnetic field lines and doessevere damage to the ???

33. The Northern Lights are createdwhen______

A. atomic particles fall to the Earth and collidewith atmospheric gases.

B. the magnetic field lines fail toreconnect.

C. the electrons falling to the Earth shinein different colors.

D. oxygen and nitrogen are separated from theatmospheric gases.

34. Which of the following statements is trueof the Northern Lights?

A. Their movement is slow enough to be observedwith the eyes.

B. People cannot see them unless traveling toAlaska or Canada

C. They are very close to the ground.

D. They are very long and thick.

35. What is the author’s tone toward the Northern Lights?

A. Indifferent

B. Sarcastic

C. Sharp

D. Appreciative

第二篇Eye-tracker Lots You Drag and Drop Files with a Glance

Bored of using a mouse? Soon you'll be ableto change stuff on your computer screen – and then moveit directly onto your smartphone or

tablet(平板电脑) –with nothing more than a glance.

A system called EyeDrop uses a head-mountedeye tracker that simultaneously records your field of view so it knows whereyou are looking on the screen. Gazing at an object – aphoto, say – and then pressing a key, selects thatobject. It can then be moved from the screen to a tablet or smartphone just byglancing at the second device, as long as the two are connected wirelessly.

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"The beauty of using gaze to supportthis is that our eyes naturally focus on content that we want to acquire,"says Jayson Turner, who developed the system with colleagues at LancasterUniversity, UK.

Turner believes EyeDrop would be useful totransfer an interactive map or contact information from a public display toyour smartphone or for sharing photos.

A button needs to be used to select theobject you are looking at otherwise you end up with the "Midastouch"(点石成金) effect, whereby everything you lookat gets selected by your gaze, says Turner. "Imagine if your mouse clickedon everything it pointed at," he says.

Christian Holz, a researcher inhuman-computer interaction at Yahoo Labs in Sunnyvale, California, says thesystem is a nice take on getting round this fundamental problem of usinggaze-tracking to interact. "EyeDrop solves this in a slick (灵巧的)way by combining it with input on the touch

devices we carry withus most of the time anyway and using touch input as a clutchingmechanism," he says. "This now allows users to seamlessly(无缝地) interact across devices far and close in a very naturalmanner."

While current eye-trackers are rather bulky,mainstream consumer devices are not too far away. Swedish firm Tobii isdeveloping gaze-tracking technology that can be installed in laptops andtablets and is expected to be available to buy next year. And the Google Glassheadset is expected to include eye-tracking in the future.

Turner says he has also looked at how contentcan be cut and pasted or drag-and-dropped using a mix of gaze and taps on atouchscreen. The system was presented at the Conference on Mobile andUbiquitous Multimedia in Sweden, last week.

36. The eye-tracker technology enables usto______

A. change our computer screen.

B. focus on anything that interests us.

C. get a smartphone connected wirelessly.

D. move an object from screen with a glance.

37. Why is a button needed?

A. To minimize the cost of EyeDrop.

B. To choose as many objects as possible.

C. To make EyeDrop different from others.

D. To select what we want.

38. The word “this” in Paragraph 6 refers to_______

A. application of gaze-tracking inhuman-computer interaction.

B. interaction between human and computer.

C. combination of gaze-tracking with input ontouch devices.

D. generalization of EyeDrop system.

39. Which of the following statement is trueof eye-trackers for consumer devices.

A. They are costly.

B. They are available.

C. They are installed in Google Glassheadset.

D. They are expected to come out soon.

40. What is Turner likely to study next?

A. How to drag and drop with gaze and taps.

B. How to present the system in public.

C. How to get touch screen involved.

D. How to cut and paste content from a publicdisplay.

第三篇

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A New Strategy to Overcome Breast Cancer

Post-menopausal(绝经后)womenwho walk for an hour a day can cut their chance of breast cancer significantly,a study has suggested. The report , which followed 73,000 women for 17 years, foundwalking for at least seven hours a week lowered the risk of the disease. TheAmerican Cancer Society team said this was the first time reduced risk wasspecifically linked to walking. UK experts said it was more evidence thatlifestyle influenced cancer risk.

A recent poll for the charity Ramblers aquarter of adults walk for no more than an hour a week, but being active isknown to reduce the risk of a number of cancers. This study, published inCancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers&Prevention, followed 73.615 women out of97,785 aged 50-74 who had been recruited by the American Cancer Society between1992 and 1993,so it could monitor the incidence of cancer in the group.

They were asked to complete questionnaires ontheir health and on how much time they were active and participating inactivities such as walking, swimming and aerobics(有氧运动)andhow much time they spent sitting

watching television or reading. They completedthe same questionnaires at two-year intervals between 1997 and 2009.Of thewomen,47% said walking was their only recreational acivity. Those who walkedfor at least seven hours per week had a 14% lower risk of breast cancercompared to those who walked three or fewer hours per week.

Dr.Alpa Patel, a senior epidemiologist at theAmerican Cancer Society in Atlanta,Georgia,who led the study, said:”Given that more than 60% of women report some daily walking, promotingwalking as a healthy

leisure-time activity could be an effective strategy forincreasing physical activity amongst post-menopausal women. We were pleased tofind that without any other recreational activity, just walking one hour a daywas associated with a lower risk of breast ca ncer in these women.””More strenuous(紧张的)and longer activitieslowered the risk even more.”

Baroness Delyth Morgan, chief executive ofBreast Cancer Campaign, said:”This study adds furtherevidence that our lifestyle choices can play a part in influencing the risk ofbreast cancer and even small changes incorporate into our normal day-to-dayactivity can make a difference.”

She added:”We knowthat the best weapon to overcoming breast cancer is the ability to stop itoccurring in the first place. The challenge now is how we turn these

findings into action and identify othersustainable lifestyle changes that will help us prevent breast cancer.”

41. All of the following factors relating tocancer risk were mentioned in the passage EXCEPT________

A. breathing exercise

B. regular walking

C. recreational activity

D. lifestyle choices

42. It can be inferred from Dr. Alpa Patel’s study that____.

A. women have fewer chances of physicalactivity

B. daily walking could cut the chance of breastcancer

C. leisure-time activity is not associatedwith cancer risk

D. walking is not recommended for women withbreast cancer

43. Dr. Alpa Patel was_____.

A. head of the survey study

B. chief editor of Cancer Epidemiology

C. chair of the American Cancer Society

D. chief executive of Breast Cancer Campaign

44. Which of the following statements is trueaccording to the passage?

A. Most women take walking as their onlyrecreational activity.

B. The study aims to track the healthconditions of its subjects.

C. Walking was the only recreationalacitivity for about half of the women

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D. Irregular walking increased the risk ofbreast cancer in

post-menopausal women

45. The word “sustainable”in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to

A. continuable

B. affordable

C. available

D. persistent

参考答案：CBAAD DDCDC ABAAA

第5部分、补全短文

WronglyConvicted Man and His Accuser Tell Their Story

NEW YORK,NY, January 5,2010. St.Martin’s Press has announced the release of the paperback edition ofPicking Cotton, a remarkable true story of

what novelist John Grisham calls an “account of violence, rage, redemption(救赎)，and, ultimately forgiveness.”

The story began in 1987, in Burlington, NorthCarolina, with the rape of a young while college student named JenniferThompson. During her ordeal, Thompson swore to herself that she would neverforget the face of her rapist, a man who climbed through the window of herapartment and assaulted her brutally.____F____(46)When the police asked her ifshe could identify the assilant(袭击者)from a book of mugshots, she picked one that she was sure was correct, and later she identifiedthe same man in a lineup.

Based on her convincing eye withnesstestimony, a 22-year-old black man named Ronald Cotton was sentenced to prisonfor two life terms. Cotton’s lawyer appealed thedecision, and by the time of the appeals hearing, evidence had come to lightsuggesting that the real rapist might have been a man who looked very likeCotton, an imprisoned criminal named Bobby Poole.__B____(47)Jennifer Thompsonlooked at both men face to face, and once again said that Ronald Cotton was theone who raped her.

Eleven years later, DNA evidence completelyexonerated(证明……清白)Cotton and just as unequivocally(明确地) convicted Poole, who confessed to the crime. _____E___(48) “The man I was so sure I had never seen in my life was the man whowas inches from my throat, who raped me, who hurt me, who took my spirit away,who robbed me of my soul,” she wrote. “And the man I had identified so surely on so many occasions wasabsolutely innocent.”

____C___(49) Remarkably both were able to putthis tragedy behind them, overcome the racial barrier that divided them, andwrite a book, which they have subtit led “Our memoir ofinjustice and redemption.”

Nevertheless, Thompson says, she still lives “with constant pain that my profound mistake cost him so dearly__A____(50)”

A. Jennifer Thompson decided to meet Cottonand apologize to him personally.

B. Many criminals are sent to prison on thebasis of accurate testimony by eye withnesses.

C. I cannot begin to imagine what would havehappened had my mistaken identification occurred in a capital case

D. Another trial was held.

E. Thompson was shocked and devastated.

F. During the attack, she made an effort tomemorize eveery detail of his face, looking for scars, tattoos(纹身)，or other identifying marks.

第6部分：完形填空(第51~65题，每题1分，共15分)

下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。

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Musical Training Can Improve CommunicationSkills

American scientists say musical trainingseems to improve communication skills and Language retardation(延迟).They found that developing musical skill involves the_________(51)process in the brain as learning how to speak .The scientists believe thatcould _________

(52)children with learning disabilities .

Nina Krauss is a neurobiologist atNorthwestern University in

lllinois .She says Musical training _________(53)putting together different kinds of information, such as hearing music,looking at musical notes, touching an instrument and watching other musicians.The ________ (54) is not much different from learning how to speak .Both involvedifferent senses .

She further explains musical training andlearning to _________ (55)each make us think about what we are doing .She saysspeech and music ________ (56) through a structure of the nervous system calledthe brain stem .The brain stem ________ (57) our ability to hear .Untilrecently, experts have though the brain stem could not be developed

orchanged.________ (58) Professor Krauss and her team found that musical trainingcan improve a person’s brain stem activity.

The study involved involved individuals withdifferent levels of musical ________ (59).They were asked to wear an electricaldevice that measures _________ (60) activity. The individuals wore theelectrode while they watched a video of someone speaking and a person playing amusical instrument---the cello(大提琴).Professor Krausesays cello have sound qualities similar _________ (61)some of the sounds thatare important with speech .The study found that the more years of trainingpeople had, the more_________ (62) they were to the sound and rhythm of themusic. Those who were Involved in musical activities were the same people inwhom the ________ (63) of sensory events was the strongest. It shows theimportance of musical training to children with learning ________(64).She saysusing music to improve listening skills could mean they _________ (65) sentencesand understand facial expressions better .

51. A. unique B. different C. same D. strange

52. A. help B. tell C. remind D .entertain

53. A. shapes B. involves C .relates D. enhances

54. A. form B. step C. point D. process

55. A. play B. sing C. speak D. think

56. A. pass B. use C. look D. put

57. A. develops B. controls C. assesses D. observes

58. A. So B. Moreover C. As D. But

59. A. instruments B. ability C. types D. contact

60. A. physical B. musical C. speech D. brain

61. A. as B. of C. to D. at

62. A. familiar B. inactive C. critical D. sensitive

63. A. reduction B. improvement C. interference D. implication

64. A. styles B. disabilities C. interests D. approaches

65. A. read B. write C. hear D. change

2017年英语专四真题及答案-(1)

2017年英语专业四级真题及答案 III. 语言知识： 11. ___B_____ combination of techniques authors use, all stories---from the briefest anecdotes to the longest novels ----have a plot. A. Regarding B. Whatever. C. In so far as D. No matter 12. She followed the receptionist down a luxurious corridor to a closed door, ____B______ the women gave a quick knock before opening it.. A. wherein B. on which C. but when D. then 13. Ms Ennab is one of the first Palestinian ______C____ with seven years’ racing experience. A. woman drivers B. women driver C. women drivers D. woman driver 14. “I wondered if I could have a word with you.”The past tense in the sentence refers to a __B___. A. past event for exact time reference B. present event for tentativeness C. present event for uncertainty D. past event for politeness 15. “If I were you, I wouldn’t wait to propose to her.” The subjunctive mood in the sentence is used to ____D______. A. alleviate hostility B. express unfavorable feelings C. indicate uncertainty D. make a suggestion 16. “It’s a shame that the city official should have gone back on his word.” The modal auxiliary SHOULD express __B_____. A obligation B disappointment C future in the past D. tentativeness 17. Timothy Ray Brown, the first man cured of HIV, initially opted against the stem cell transplantation that _____D______ history. A. could have later made B. should have made later C. might make later D. would later make 18. Some Martian rock structures look strikingly like structures on Earth that are known ___C___by microbes. A. having been created B. being created C. to have been created D. to be created 19. At that moment, with the crowd watching me, I was not afraid in the ordinary sense, as ______ if I ____A_______alone. A. would have been …had been B. should be … had been C. could be … were D. might have been… were 20. You must fire __C____ incompetent assistant of yours A. the B. an C. that D. whichever 21. Some narratives seem more like plays, heavy with dialogue by which writers allow their

2014年广东中考语文试卷真题及答案

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2014年中考语文试题及答案

贵州省铜仁市2014年中考 语文试题 第Ⅰ卷（每小题3分，共30分） —、（21分） 1、下列词语中加点字的读音全部正确的一项是（） A．省悟（xǐng）凝固（níng）犒赏（kào）锲而不舍（qiè） B．哺育（bǔ）贿赂（lù）症结（zhēng）飒爽英姿（shà） C．功绩（jì）星宿（sù）扼要（è）揆情度理（duó） D．谈吐（tǔ）栈桥（zhàn）对峙（shì）锐不可当（dāng） 2、下列词语中没有错别字的一项是（） A．禁锢断壁残垣按步就班粗制滥造 B．像样不可明状眼花缭乱川流不息 C．修葺绵里藏针谈笑风生销声匿迹 D．恻隐绿荫蔽日不记其数无耻谰言 3、下列句子中加点的成语使用错误的一项是（） A．今年五·一期间，风景秀丽的梵净山令国内外游人流．连忘返 ．．．。 B．日本首相安倍晋三肆无忌惮 ．．．．地参拜靖国神社，激起了亚洲各国人民的极大愤慨。 C．为了在科技比赛中体现创新精神，许多同学处心积虑 ．．．．，设计了各种造型的航空模型。 D．辛弃疾的词大多以激昂跌宕的气势和独具匠心 ．．．．的构思来抒情言志，在南宋词坛上占有重要地位。

4、下列句子中没有语病的一项是（） A．大力加强未成年人思想道德，是学校、家庭、社会一 项重要而紧迫的任务。 B．语文素养是学生学好其他课程的基础，也是学生全面 发展和终身发展的基础。 C．经过全市人民的共同努力，使我市的空气质量状况有 了明显改善。 D．河水的来源除了地下水等之外，还有雨水也是它的来 源之一。 5、下列句子标点符号使用正确的一项是（） A．容不得束缚，容不得羁绊，容不得闭塞。是挣脱了， 冲破了，撞开了的那么一股劲! B．“梵天净土，桃源铜仁”。已经成为了铜仁市对外宣 传的一张名片。 C．“哎呀，真是美极了。”皇帝说：“我十分满意!” D．父亲总是要说他那句永不变更的话：“唉!如果于勒 竟在这只船上，那会叫人多么惊喜呀!” 6、下列句子顺序捧列正确的一项是（） ①一次，富兰克林买到一本《旁观者》刊物，便边读边 把几篇文章的大意摘录下来。 ②接着，就把自己写的与原文比较，发现自己的缺点， 就把它改正过来。 ③几年以后，他模拟原文的风格，写出了一篇篇文章。 ④这样下来，他不仅掌握了作者的观点，取到了“真经”，而且学到了作者的思维方法，锻炼了自己的创造力。 ⑤“不动笔墨不读书”是强化记忆、训练思维的好方法。 ⑥美国科学家富兰克林的成功就是由此开始的。 A．⑤⑥②③①④ B．④③②①⑤⑥ C．⑤⑥①③②④