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托福听力场景词汇

托福听力场景词汇
托福听力场景词汇

CONVERSATION

1. 课程相关事务场景

?Discussion, presentation, topic, lecture, good choice, slide, library, collection, check, librarian

?Report, office hour, submit, on disk, hard copy, soft copy, computer, print, computer lab

?Project, ton of, cover, re-write, research data, information, input, presentation, complete

?T erm paper, grade, complicated, terrible mistake, edited version, submit, overtired, stressed, rushing against the clock, mark, draft, print, final paper, maintaining average, application, drop, re-take, due, extension, discuss, check back, re-reading, submission

?Information, exam schedule, term, date, book, department, invigilator, sign up, sheet, bulletin board, faculty lounge, square, draft, dean, review, draw up, manually, consult, register

?Physiology 100, sophomore, second year course, first year student, transfer, begin my first lecture, introduce, complete, approach, laws of physics and chemistry, process of life, vital force, philosophical approach, scientific experimentation

?Final exam, midterm, multiple choice question, essay question, comprehensive exam, the subject, review, textbook, class note, the final will count for 50% of your grade, research project, run into problems

?School bulletin, required writing course, first year student, third year student, research paper, sign up, cover the entire process of writing a research paper, selecting topic, final format, presentation, hand in, assignment, final grade

?Class meeting, lecture, different concept, hand in, issue, revision, grade

?Research paper, due, proposed topics, make comment, the most frequent problem, broad, preliminary outline, schedule, available, appointment, final outline, no more than two pages

long, thesis statement, precise statement, conclusion

?Workshop, intensive, techniques and skills, personal attention, register, advantage

?Consecutive summer, community center, seminar, workshop, beginning students, advanced students, last four weeks, credit is awarded, information ?Discuss, schedule, midterm, administer, attendance, optional class 2. 相关事务+专业讨论场景

?Course, semester, summer session, elective, bird course, splendor, lecture hall, lab, tough decision, pick, choose, grade, relaxed, paper, final exam, advice, sign up

?Enquiry, credit course, off-campus, program, remote, access, internet, degree, distance education, diploma, requirement, format, print materials, audio-tapes, video, teleconferencing, deliver, cost, fixed date, history 490

?Drop, fail, math 101, rough, test, med school

?Use your advice, do premed, introductory course, non-science major, be weak in, do poorly in, meet at the same time, modern drama course

?Semester, enroll in, graduate course, qualified, hard time keep up, favorite interest, challenging, easy grade

?Permission to register, take the prerequisite, the beginning course, catalog, instructor, previous experience, formal training, decision ?Signature, schedule card, advisor’s approval, quite a heavy load, drop the course, seminar

?Sign up for a noncredit course, intermediate level, grade, regular meeting

?Transfer, bachelor’s degree, associate, selective, letters of recommendation ?Hard course, rehearsal, extra time, once a week

?Flight program, degree, license, excellent reputation, selective,

3. 迟到旷课场景

?feel good, cover, lecture, point out, chapter, textbook, part, divide, project,

focus, due, show up, note, transcribe, email

?oversleep, talk about

?trouble with my car, lecture series, attend, admission

?fill me in something, dentist, emergency, missed somebody’s lecture, note, make sense

4. 转学场景

?Public university, private university, community college, reputation, class size, personal attention, individual attention, interact, group discussion, tuition, expense, cost, afford, affordable, location, environment, large city, small town, college town, top student, application, experience, special

5. 实验室场景

?Laboratory, research procedure, lab assistant, retrieve information, track the course, monitor, track the progress

?Lab instructor, lab experience, setup, equipment, result, grade, lab notebook, proper precautions, protective goggles, toxic effect of chemicals, lab procedure, heavy metal

?Workbook, material, experiment, available

6. 图书馆场景

?Library, chek out, spread out, focus, jam, spot, crowd, comfy, far away

?Due, finish, renew, check, library card, late, mixed up, request, fine, overdue, pay, process, sign, suspend, privilege ?Librarian, facilities, reference room, reference material, dictionary, bibliography, literature guide, telephone book, periodical room, newspaper, magazine, academic journal, current issue, older issue, card catalog, listed by title, by author and by topic, call number

?return, shelves, check out, reserve book, overnigh use

?secondhand bookstore, inscription, front cover, signature, poetry book

?paperback section, index

?exit gate, check out

?reserve, additional copy, article

7. 课堂内容讨论场景

?Scholarship, bursary, department, information, financial aid, monetary, grant, determine, committee, donor, apply for, financially, in need, consider, out-of-town, requirement, website, on-line, submit, official, document, in person

?scholarship, available, maintain, average, mark, apply for, applicant, committee, honor, award, exam, candidate, weight, guarantee, grade point average (GPA), percent, website, address, rigorous, extra-curricular, hardship, achievement, letter of recommendation, fill, time consuming job, recommend, eligibility, enrolment 8. 论文场景

?Organize, essay, topic, chosen, broad, narrow it down, compare, focused, interested, begin, discussion, opinion, fact, support, idea, check, statistics, percentage, include, words, rough draft, outline, break down, subtopic, office hour, reference, material

?Research paper, discuss, topic, recommend, theory, work progress

?Report, subject, catalog, published source, gather material

?Information, plagiarize, failing grade, gather, note, assimilate the information thoroughly, paraphrase, capture the mian idea, quote directly, finalize the research paper

?Draft, pass it out in our classes, clear up the problem

9. 实地考查场景

?List, supply, on site, kit, notebook, axe, glove, instrument, measure, clean, cancel, weather, clothes, outside, food, snack, transportation, transport, dig

?Trip leader, participate, report, field trip 10. 体育运动场景

?Spring cycling season, regular hobby, physical fitness routine, bicyclist, expert riders

?Endurance test, recreational cyclists, racers

?Ski patrol, ski patroller, safety

?Physical education class, rock climbing, rope, belt, buckle, safety equipment, climbing trip

11. 游玩场景

?Break, racket, reserve a court

?Rock concert, vacation, weather

12. 打工场景

?Summer break, work, job, offer, excellent opportunity, practice, wonderful, dilemma, difficult decision, plan, volunteer, NGO, chance, share, interesting, spend, accept, program, interview, company, application, apply for, money, advice

?T ough, exam, stressed, dread, cram the night, part-time, money, board, balance, hit the book, energy, tired, sleep, consolation, get through, fun, fondness ?Announcement, hire, part-time assistant, experience, research, daily

?Laboratory assistant, fill out an application, fit into my schedule

?Variety of job opportunities, responsible for, volunteer, service, postions are open, link of service, career training, program available, demand physical endurance, receive no salary, pay for living expense, housing and food allowance, additional information

?Internship program, advanced planning, career opportunities, working experience, short term experience, permanent employment, full-time, academic credit, supervise, hand out, career advisory service, living expence ?Run, marathon, motivator, back into shape, inspire, running buddies, positive, sponsor, tons of money, cause

?Introduce, campus daily, volunteer, salary, ceremony, alumni

13. 报到注册场景

?Registration, time, determine, first year student, mail, designated date, specific time, admission letter, continuing students, average, previous, session, pay, credit card, bank, teller, confirmation slip, in person

?Registration, date, newly admitted student, undergraduate, junior, sophomore, returning student, senior, check, pay attention, time, register, designated time, pay, fee, financial aid, financial officer, sponsor, authorization letter, on-line

14. 校园生活场景?Move, accent, pod, international group, major, lucky, excellent, booklet, regulation, rule, conductive, quiet policy, self-policed, problem, allow, smoke, cook, plug, dryer, voltage, alarm, kitchen, leftover, clean-up day, hot water, meter, washroom, laundry facility, basement, conserving energy, lounge area, heat, air-conditioning, atorage area, permit, hallway, community space, prior notification, safe, valuable, housekeeper, vacuum cleaner, lock, key, check, fire prevention equipment, cover, overnight visitor, arrange, in advance, religious propaganda, dorm, furnishing, park

?Roommate, dormitory, unpacking our things, neat

?Housing office, living off campus, cost, rent, utilities, need a car to commute, noisy, peace and quiet

?Winter break, dean, vacation arrangement, fill up the forms, heating cost, temporary accommodation

?Housing director, checkout procedure, leave for vacation, return your key, summer maintenance crew, residence advisor, pass around

?Apartment, dump, functional, noisy

15. 医院场景

?Diagnose, patient’s illness, painful, technological advance, blood and tissue sample, diagnostic techniques, detect diseases, variations in temperature, X rays, side effect, uncomfortable, endure pain, health care

?Medical clinic and infirmary, nursing staff, get sick, a really bad cold, develop terrible coughs, pneumonia, stay in the infirmary, don’t feel well, rest more and skip a few classes, get medical excuse, the clinic hour, emergency number

?Modern medical facility, health needs, dental clinic, maternity ward, operating room, special sugery, surgeons

?Student Health Services, blood pressure, university nutritionists, processed foods, university hospital

?Pain, discharge, slight earache, take it easy

?Prevention, symptoms, cough, fever, funny nose, head and bones ache, chill,

flu, influenza, overtired, stressed out, exposure to virus, sneeze, airborne virus, body’s resistance, ward off the flu, rest, eat well, drink a lot of water, immune system, fight off illness, immunized, vaccine, university health center

LECTURE

1. *生物学

antibody抗体toxin毒素immunity免疫immunology免疫学vaccine疫苗fungus 真菌bacteria细菌fermentation发酵inflection传染/ 感染microorganism / microbe微生物virus病毒disfection消毒sterilization灭菌biology生物学marine biology海洋生物学entomology昆虫学ornithology鸟类学microbiology微生物学genetics遗传学speciology物种学parasitology寄生虫学paleontology古生物学paleontologist古生物学家dinosaur 恐龙die out / extinction灭绝mammal哺乳动物carnivore食肉动物rodent啮齿类动物underwater水下的marine 海洋的scuba水下呼吸器diving潜水/ 跳水one-celled organism单细胞有机体tissue (动植物细胞的)组织protective camouflage保护色predator捕猎者oceanic snail蜗牛animal adaptation动物适应性survival of the fittest适者生存origin of species物种起源wild environment野生环境insecticide杀虫剂prenatal care 产后护理habitat栖息地tentacle触须prey捕食navigate导航tiny receptor接收器nerve / specimen物种amphibian两栖类动物decline in the number数量减少gene基因genetic基因的,遗传的endangered species濒危动物survival活着的transition转变/过渡microbe微生物yeast酵母(菌)bacteria 细菌single-cell单细胞reptile爬行类动物hatch孵化incubation孵化nest巢offspring子孙chew up咀嚼unfertilized eggs未受精卵nutrient营养品nourishment营养品/ 食物feed喂养cannibalism同类相食respiration呼吸ingestion摄食digestion消化digestive enzyme消化酶cell细胞nucleus细胞核cytoplasm细胞质plasma lemma / cell membrane细胞膜cell wall细胞壁protein 蛋白质amino acid核酸plankton浮游生物heredity遗传mutation of species物种变异chromosome染色体genetic engineering遗传工程solitary独居social 群居bio-diversity生物多样性metamorphosis变态/变形mutation变种variation变异

动物学

zoology动物学Darwinism达尔文学说natural selection自然选择phylum门class 纲order目suborder亚目family科genus 属species 种invertebrate无脊椎动物vertebrate脊椎动物aquatic life 水生动物reptile爬行动物amphibian/amphibious animal两栖动物protozoa原生动物rodent 啮齿动物ruminant反刍动物parasitic animal寄生动物primate灵长动物plankton浮游生物mollusk软体动物coelenterate腔肠动物(如水母、海蜇、珊瑚等)herbivore食草动物mammal哺乳动物homotherm恒温动物cold-blooded animal冷血动物poikilotherm变温动物scavenger食腐动物carnivorous食肉的herbivorous食草的omnivorous杂食的bird鸟类camouflage伪装hibernate冬眠;蛰伏regeneration再生predatory / carnivore食肉的predator捕食者prey捕食hordes/swarms(昆虫等)群flock(牛、羊等)群community动物的群落或人的部落population种群herd兽群hygiene卫生sanitation公共卫生;卫生设施monogamous一夫一妻的/一雌一雄的polygamous一夫多妻的/一雄多雌的polyandrous一妻多夫的/一雌多雄的nomadic游牧的;流浪的trapper诱捕动物者niche小生态环境vestige 退化器fertilizer使受精metabolism新陈代谢breed(名词)品种;(动词)繁殖multiply / reproduce繁殖spawn(鱼、虾、蛙等)孵anatomy解剖学appetite食欲creature 生物scales鳞feathers羽毛armor甲spinal cord脊椎digestive system消化系统excretory system排泄系统reproductive system生殖系统circulatory

system循环系统respiratory system呼吸系统hormonal system内分泌系统digestive duct消化管esophagus食管stomach胃small intestine小肠large intestine大肠anus肛门digestive gland 消化腺salivary gland 唾液腺liver肝gallbladder胆pancreas胰squirrel松鼠marten貂bat蝙蝠squeak(老鼠等)吱吱otter水獭antelope羚羊gorilla大猩猩chimpanzee黑猩猩baboon狒狒hyena鬣狗moose驼鹿beaver海狸elk麋鹿reindeer驯鹿giraffe长颈鹿rhinoceros犀牛hippo河马sloth树懒slothful懒惰的frog 青蛙tadpole蝌蚪salamander蝾螈scorpion蝎子turtle龟lizard蜥蜴chameleon变色龙caymen / crocodile鳄鱼centipede蜈蚣robin知更鸟owl猫头鹰barnacle北极鹅penguin企鹅canary金丝雀chirp(鸟、虫的叫声)vulture秃鹫crane 鹤stork 鹳ptarmigan雷鸟migrate迁移plumage羽体camouflage伪装wing翅膀bill(鸟)嘴beak(鹰等的)嘴insect昆虫wasp黄蜂hornet大黄蜂spider蜘蛛pest 害虫worm虫/蠕虫cicada蝉mantis螳螂cockroach蟑螂earthworm蚯蚓antenna / tentacle触须larva幼虫

2. 海洋生物学

jellyfish水母nettlefish海蜇coral珊瑚dolphin海豚whale鲸鱼shrimp小虾prawn 对虾lobster龙虾crab螃蟹mussel贻贝;蚌类clam蛤蜊oyster牡蛎sponge海绵starfish海星squid鱿鱼;乌贼burro / octopus章鱼sole鳎;鳎目鱼plaice鲽,红斑比目鱼

3. *植物学

botany植物学botanical / botanic植物学的horticulture 园艺学aquatic plant水生植物parasite plant 寄生植物root根canopy 树冠层/顶棚foliage / leaf叶leaflet小叶rosette(叶的)丛生stem茎stalk杆leafstalk叶柄shoot / sprout嫩芽/抽枝flower 花bud花蕾petal 花瓣peel / skin果皮shell(硬)果壳husk(干)果壳/(玉米)苞叶trunk树干bark树皮branch 树枝bough大或者粗的树枝twig小树枝jungle 丛林lawn草坪meadow草地/牧场prairie 大草原mosses苔藓shrub / bush 灌木cluster一簇(灌木)fern蕨类植物horsetails木贼类植物club mosses 石松类植物herb 草photosynthesis 光合作用chlorophyll 叶绿素symbiosis共生symbiotic 共生的wither / shrivel / fade凋谢blossom花pollen花粉pollinate传授花粉petal花瓣nectar花蜜tissue组织organ 器官system系统seeds 种子everlasting 永久的crossbreed杂交root pressure根压bore腔/肠cohesion-tension凝聚压力column花柱necrosis坏死barren贫瘠的;不生育的futile无用的carbohydrate (starch) 碳水化合物(淀粉)glucose葡萄糖starch淀粉fat脂肪protein蛋白质vitamin 维他命malnourished 营养不良的nutrition 营养perennial多年一生的annual一年一生的verdant 绿油油的,嫩绿的,翠绿的evergreen常青树conifer tree 针叶树larch落叶松pine松树spruce 云杉juniper 刺柏;杜松sequoia红杉elm 榆树walnut核桃树redwood 红木树plum blossom梅花orchid兰花chrysanthemum 菊花water lily荷花/莲花rhododendron 杜鹃花rose 玫瑰carnation康乃馨lily 百合jasmine茉莉花helianthus / heliotrope / sunflower向日葵camellia茶花corn / maize / mealie玉米pumpkin南瓜tomato 番茄lettuce莴苣cabbage 卷心菜wheat 小麦rye 黑麦barley大麦oats燕麦

4. 气象学

meteorology气象meteorologist气象学家meteorological station气象站forecast / predict预报climate气候atmosphere大气层troposphere对流层stratosphere平流层mesosphere 中间层ionosphere电离层exosphere逸散层cold front 冷锋warm air mass热气团current(气)流moisture 潮湿,水气spell某种天气持续一段时间vapor蒸汽evaporate 蒸发damp / moist / humid潮湿humidity 湿度moisture潮湿/ 水分saturate饱和dew露frost 霜fog / mist 雾smog 烟雾droplet 小水condense浓缩crystal 水晶体sheet(水、冰、雪的)一层downpour / torrential rain 大雨tempest (storm) / torrential rain暴风

雨drizzle细雨shower阵雨hail冰雹blizzard / snowstorm暴风雪avalanche / snow slide 雪崩precipitation(雨、露、雪等)降水thunder 雷breeze微风sandstorm 沙暴monsoon季风gale大风whirlwind 旋风typhoon台风hurricane飓风tornado / twister / cyclone龙卷风wind scale风级tsunami / seismic sea wave海啸tidal wave潮汐;浪潮upper atmosphere上层大气funnel漏斗云disaster / calamity / catastrophe灾难devastation破坏submerge 淹没drought 旱灾convection对流wind velocity风速wind direction 风向long-range forecast 长期预报numerical weather prediction数值天气预报nephanalysis云层分析;卫星云图

5. 地质学

crust地壳mantle 地幔core地核continental crust 大陆地壳oceanic crust 海洋地壳layer / stratum地层stratigraphy 地层学fault 断层fault plane断层面fault zone断层带rift / crack / split断裂disintegration / decomposition分解erosion腐蚀fossil化石igneous rock火成岩sedimentary rock沉积岩metamorphic rock 变质岩limestone 石灰岩granite花岗岩marble大理石lithosphere岩石圈magma / molten lava岩浆quartz石英mineral矿物ore矿石deposit矿床rubble 碎石debris残骸platinum白金/铂金silver 银copper黄铜aluminum铝tin锡lead 铅zinc锌nickel镍mercury汞/水银sodium 钠gem宝石diamond钻石emerald 绿宝石ruby红宝石glacier 冰川glacial冰川的glacial epoch / age / period冰川期glacial drift冰渍moraines冰碛iceberg冰山volcano 火山active volcano活火山extinct volcano死火山dormant volcano 休眠火山(sloping) shield volcano盾状火山(平缓)(steep-sided) cone volcano锥状火山(陡峭)eruption火山喷发crater 火山口caldera(开口较大的)火山口depression洼地,凹陷处;盆地lava火山岩浆volcanic dust火山尘volcanic ash火山灰geyser间歇喷泉hot spring温泉earthquake / quake / tremor / seism地震seismic地震的seismology地震学magnitude震级seismic intensity scale震烈度seismic wave 地震波transverse wave横波longitudinal wave纵波epicenter震中epicentral distance震中距aftershock 余震cataclysm灾变tsunami / tidal / force海啸undersea landslide 海底山崩melt global warming 全球逐渐变暖aquifer 蓄水层swamp沼泽peat bog泥炭沼泽Great Canyon大峡谷Nile River尼罗河Colorado river 科罗拉多河crumples zones地质缓冲地带bedrock岩床bulge 凸起物

6. 考古学

archaeology考古学paleontology古生物学anthropolog人类学archaeologist人类学家pale-anthropologist古人类学家ecological anthropologist生态人类学家psychological anthropologist心理人类学家originate起源于ancestor 祖先hominid 人(科)homogeneous同以种族(种类)的tribe 部落clan氏族excavation挖掘excavate / unearth挖掘ruins遗迹/废墟remains遗产/遗骸artifact手工艺品relic 遗物/文物antique 古物/古董antiquity古代/古老Stone Age 石器时代Bronze Age 青铜器时代Iron Age铁器时代Paleolithic 旧石器时代的Mesolithic 中石器时代的Neolithic新石器时代的morphology形态学skull颅骨cranial颅骨的fossil化石ancient civilization古代文明cave man山顶洞人cultural relics文物rock painting岩画

7. 地理学

hemisphere 半球meridian 子午线/ 经线parallel 平行圈latitude纬线longitude 经线/ 经度elevation海拔altitude高度/ 海拔horizon地平线equator赤道temperature latitudes温带地区tropics 热带地区Arctic / the North Pole 北极Antarctic / Antarctica南极the Antarctic Continent 南极洲the Antarctic Circle南极圈the Arctic Circle北极圈aurora极光tropics of Cancer 北回归线tropics of Capricorn 南回归线international date

line国际日期变更线time difference 时差time zone时区topography 地形/ 地形学plain平原plateau / highland 高地lowland 低地basin 盆地oasis绿洲enclave飞地peak山峰cordillera / ranges 山脉carven / cave洞穴terrain地域subterranean地底下coastland 沿海地区coastline海岸线watershed分水岭upper reaches上游lower reaches下游tributary 支流deposit沉积spring / fountain泉水iceberg 冰山riverbed河床gulf / bay海湾waterfall 瀑布cascade小瀑布;喷流reef 暗礁tide湖水torrent水的急流tropical rain forest热带雨林continental island 大陆岛volcanic island 火山岛coral island珊瑚岛islet小岛peninsular半岛archipelago群岛delta三角洲landlocked area内陆inland waterway 内陆河subcontinent 次大陆cliff山崖valley山谷hillside / mountain slope山坡continental shelf大陆架canyon / gorge峡谷channel / strait 海峡remote-sensing遥感的terrestrial 地球的/陆地的terrestrial heat / geothermal 地热terrestrial magnetism 地磁continental drift 大陆漂移学sea-floor spreading 海床扩展evaporation蒸发salinity含盐度ocean bottom 海床sediment沉积物tropical热带的temperate 温带的frigid 寒带的frost heaving冻胀现象tundra苔原,冻原fieldstone卵石the Mediterranean Sea地中海the primeval forest原始森林Scandinavia斯堪的纳维亚(半岛)(瑞典、挪威、丹麦、冰岛的泛称)fjord峡湾coral reef 珊瑚礁Chalk白垩纪cataclysm大洪水ridge山脊;分水岭abyss 深渊territory 版图;领土地域Pyrenees比利牛斯山脉Carpathians喀尔巴阡山脉Vesuvius维苏威火山Pompeii庞贝precipice悬崖eon 世;纪;代glacier冰河Pangaea盘古大陆dune 沙丘Lagoon 咸水湖

8. *天文学

astronomy天文学astronomical observatory天文台planetarium天文馆astrophysics 天文物理学astrology占星学pseudoscience伪科学cosmos / universe 宇宙cosmology宇宙infinite无限的cosmic宇宙的cosmic radiation宇宙辐射cosmic rays宇宙射线celestial天体的celestial body / heavenly body天体celestial map / sky atlas天体图celestial sphere天球dwarf / dwarf star矮星quasar 类星体constellation 星座galaxy / Milky Way银河系star cluster星团asterism星群solar system太阳系solar corona日冕solar eclipse日食solar radiation 太阳辐射planet行星planetoid / asteroid 小行星revolve旋转twinkle闪烁naked eye肉眼Mercury 水星Venus金星Earth地球Mars 火星Jupiter木星Saturn 土星Uranus天王星Neptune 海王星Pluto 冥王星orbit 轨道spin旋转satellite 卫星lunar月球的meteor流星meteor shower流星雨star 恒星meteoroid流星体meteorite陨石comet 彗星space / outer space太空,外层空间spacecraft / spaceship宇宙飞船space shuttle航天飞机space telescope 空间望远镜astronaut / spaceman 宇航员space suit 宇航服stellar 恒星的intergalactic星系间的interstellar 恒星间的interplanetary行星间的asteroid小行星nebula 星云space debris 太空垃圾ammonia氨photosphere光球;光球层chromospheres 色球;色球层日冕层sunspot太阳黑子(发生在光球层)flare 耀斑(发生在色球层)solar prominence 日珥(发生在色球层)convection zone对流层vacuum真空infrared ray红外线absolute magnitude绝对量级emission发射/散发high-resolution高清晰度interferometer 干扰仪,干涉仪illusive object 幻影体faint 微弱的image 影像gravitational force吸引力molten融化的leap year闰年rotation 自传revolution公转black hole 黑洞ultraviolet ray紫外线luminosity光度light year光年

9. 环保相关

ecology 生态学ecosystem生态系统balance of nature自然界生态平衡fauna 动物群flora 植物群rain forest雨林food chain 食物链acid rain酸雨greenhouse 温室效应infrared radiation红外线辐射ozone layer / ozonosphere臭氧层

ultraviolet radiation紫外辐射pollution control污染控制air pollution 空气控制water pollution 水污染noxious / toxic 有毒的fumes (有毒的)废气waste 废物solid waste固体废物sewage / wastewater污水sewage purification污水净化swage disposal污水处理decibel(噪音)分贝

10. 能源相关

fossil fuel矿物燃料process of photo synthesis光合作用solar energy太阳能nonrenewable不可再生的energy conservation保护能源resource资源energy source能源资源tidal energy 潮汐能fuel-efficient节能型的rush hour高峰期zero emission零辐射wildness野生/天然preservation保护atmosphere大气carbon碳dioxide 二氧化物burning of coal and oil煤油燃烧global warming全球变暖greenhouse effect温室效应rise in sea level海平面上升long-term climatic change长期的气候变化environmental recycling center再循环利用中心litter/trash garbage垃圾pollutant污染物desertification沙漠化deforest 滥伐森林drought干旱water shortage 水源缺乏offshore spillage 近海岸溢出carbon dioxide release 二氧化碳排放industrial sewage工业污水recycling再循环purify 净化deteriorate恶化acid rain酸雨sewage disposal污水处理environment protection环境保护ozone layer臭氧层waste disposal废物处理emission(汽车废气的)排放soot烟尘El Ni?o厄尔尼诺现象

11. 新技术发明相关

12. 人类学

artist艺术家choreographer舞蹈编排家critic 批评家satirist讽刺作家inventor发明家biographer自传作家sculptor雕塑家feminist 女权主义者humanitarian人道主义者imagist 意象派诗人philanthropist 慈善家proprietor业主mortal 犯人precursor先驱figurehead 名誉领袖disciple 学徒apprentice学徒mechanic 机械工minimalist简单抽象派艺术家avant-garde前卫派territory领域genre风格/体裁eccentric古怪的odd怪诞的/奇数的erratic奇怪的weird怪异的/不可思议的romantic浪漫的innocent天真的/无罪的lovelorn相思病苦的emotional情绪的/情感的sentimental感伤的/多愁善感的cheerless无精打采的/无生命力的patriarchal 家长的/族长的rigid僵化的spare简朴的clumsy笨拙的zigzag曲折的contemporary当代的acclaimed受欢迎的preeminent 杰出的versatile(人)多才多艺的/(物)多功能的household家庭的/家喻户晓的genuine真正的authentic逼真的/原汁原味的symbolic象征性的immortal不朽的/神nostalgia怀旧主义/思乡emotive感人的prodigious巨大的classic 经典的posthumous死后的

13. 发展史

a) 文学

pose散文diary日记autobiography 传记editorial 社论narrative prose叙述性descriptive prose 描写性essay随笔poetry 诗歌ballad民谣lullaby催眠曲fiction小说allegory寓言fairy tale童话legend传说proverb 谚语model人物原型leading character主人公main plot主要情节prelude序曲prologue序言epilogue 尾声literary criticism文学批评literary studies文学研究schools of literature文学流派comparative literature比较文学realism现实主义surrealism超现实主义futurism未来主义modernism现代主义aestheticism唯美主义

b) 音乐

musical instrument乐器orchestra(管弦)乐队shook rattle摇拨浪鼓pound dru 击鼓foot beat跺脚note 音符score乐谱movement 乐章fanatical 狂热的hillbilly music乡村音乐folk music民间音乐pop music流行音乐classical music古典音乐Jazz爵士乐symphony交响乐rock and roll摇滚乐band music / wind music管乐string弦乐violin小提琴viola中提琴cello 大提琴harp 竖琴horn号;喇叭clarinet 单簧管oboe双簧管keyboard instrument键盘乐器percussion震荡/打击乐器vocal

music声乐concerto协奏曲sonata奏鸣曲serenade小夜曲solo独奏/独唱duet二重唱conducting指挥podium指挥台accompaniment伴奏quality音质volume 音量chord和弦harmony和声rest 休止time节拍lullaby催眠曲prelude 序曲epilogue尾声

c) 政治经济

subsistence存活,生活subsistence wage 刚够养家糊口的工资subsistence level 收支平衡的生活水平kinship亲属关系,血缘关系commodity商品check支票;收据;账单bank loan银行贷款interest利息withdraw从银行账户中提款honor (a cheque/bill/draft)承兑a run on a bank挤兑the Great Depression大萧条consumerism消费主义(认为高消费对个人和社会有利的看法);保护消费者权益主义affluence富裕,富足sophisticated世故的,老练的;复杂的,尖端的

d) 建筑

architecture建筑学architect建筑学家construct结构wing 辐楼/侧楼design设计elevator电梯skyscraper摩天大楼design element设计元素log structure原木结构cabin小木屋beam梁prototype原型building technique建筑工艺new material新材料metal-frame金属结构repair person修理工planetarium天文馆aquarium水族馆archives档案馆office building 写字楼cathedral大教堂mosque 清真寺the statue of liberty自由女神像the triumphal arch凯旋门sphinx狮身人面像pyramid金字塔castle城堡

e) 美术

fine arts美术oil painting油画water color 水彩画tempera 蛋彩画sketch速写/素描pastel 彩色蜡笔画poster海报/招贴画charcoal drawing木炭画mural painting / fresco壁画engraving版画lithograph石板画landscape painting风景画still life静物画portrait肖像画caricature漫画pigment 颜色,色素canvas油画布brush 画笔drawing board画板perspective透视画法original 原作copy临本reproduction / replica复制品genuine真的fake假的gallery美术馆autograph真迹panorama 全景画calligraphy书法paste裱糊impressionistic style印象派风格framing 装框sculpture 雕塑sculptor 雕塑家figurine小雕像bust 半身雕塑像statue塑像unique唯一的/独特的animator漫画家saxophonist萨克斯风管吹奏者indigo靛蓝purple紫色

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16 burglar 窃贼;夜间入屋行窃的小偷 Burgle-“不够”,盗贼永远都不会满足 17 buyout/buy out 买进全部产权或股权;收购全部 18 checkout 结帐退房的时间 check out 办理退房;结帐离开 19 chef 主厨;大厨注意读音有点像“学府”,现在连厨师都要学历 20 choreography 舞蹈设计;编舞 Chore 家务,芙蓉姐姐表演过个干家务活舞蹈 21 circular 广告;传单;通告传单到处发太浪费,应该循环利用(circulate 22 commitment 承诺;许诺( 23 concierge 管理员;门房“看戏碍着”,去看戏忘了带票,被看门的拦着 24 consignee 收件人;受托人 25 contagious 接触传染的 26 contractor 立契约人;承包商 27 convertible 敞篷车,可改变的 28 conveyance 运输;交通工具 Convey 搬运,传达 29 cost-effective 符合成本效益的 30 courier 递送急件的信差;邮物专递公司 Carrier 邮递员 31 crash landing 迫降

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植物学 botany植物学botanical / botanic植物学的horticulture 园艺学aquatic plant 水生植物parasite plant 寄生植物root 根canopy树冠层/顶棚foliage / leaf 叶 leaflet 小叶rosette(叶的)丛生 stem 茎stalk 杆leafstalk叶柄shoot / sprout 嫩芽/抽枝 flower花bud 花蕾petal花 瓣peel / skin 果皮 shell(硬)果 壳 husk(干)果 壳/(玉米苞叶 trunk树干 bark树皮 branch树枝 bough大或者 粗的树枝 twig小树枝 jungle丛林 lawn草 meadow草地/ 牧场prairie大 草原mosses苔 藓shrub / bush灌木 cluster一簇 (灌木) fern蕨类植物 horsetails木 贼类植物 club mosses石 松类植物herb 草 photosynthesi s光合作用 chlorophyll 叶绿素 symbiosis共 生 symbiotic 共生 的 wither / shrivel / fade 凋谢blossom 花pollen花粉

pollinate传授花粉petal花瓣nectar花蜜tissue 组织organ器官system 系统seeds种子everlasting永久的crossbreed杂交 root pressure 根压 bore腔/肠cohesion-tensi on凝聚压力column花柱necrosis坏死barren 贫瘠的;不生育的futile无用的carbohydrate (starch)碳水 化合物(淀粉) glucose葡萄 糖starch淀粉 fat 脂肪 protein蛋白 质 vitamin 维他 命 malnourished 营养不良的 nutrition 营养 perennial 多年 一生的 annual一年一 生的 verdant 嫩绿 的,翠绿的 evergreen常 青树 conifer tree针 叶树 larch 落叶松 pine松树 spruce云杉 juniper 刺 柏;杜松 sequoia红杉 elm榆树 walnut核桃树 redwood红木 树 plum blossom 梅花 orchid兰花 chrysanthemu m 菊花 water lily荷花 /莲花 rhododendron 杜鹃花 carnation康 乃馨 jasmine茉莉

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