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(完整版)2018年高考英语北京卷-答案

(完整版)2018年高考英语北京卷-答案
(完整版)2018年高考英语北京卷-答案

2018 年高考英语北京卷

英语答案解析

第一部分:知识运用

第一节单项填空

1. 【答案】C

【解析】句意:——你好,我是彼得,你是新来的吗?我没见过你。——你好,彼得。我叫鲍勃。我星期一才来的。根据语境以及时间状语on Monday 可知,此处叙述的是过去发生的动作,所以应用一般过去时。【考点】动词时态。

2. 【答案】C

【解析】A项意为尽管” B项意为当;尽管”;C项意为如果” D项意为直到”句意:如果我们不阻止气候变

化的话,世界上的许多动植物将会消失。

【考点】连词辨析。

3. 【答案】B

【解析】分析句子结构可知,谓语动词is前缺少主语,所以应用动名词作主语。

【考点】非谓语动词。

4. 【答案】 B 【解析】句意:我去年拜访苏珊时,她已经放弃了薪水丰厚的工作,在社区担任志愿者。根据语境可知,此

处动作表示过去“我”拜访苏珊时她正在进行的动作,所以应用过去进行时。

【考点】动词时态。

5. 【答案】A

【解析】分析句子可知,空格处引导非限制性定语从句。可以引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词有as,which 和who,故排除that; who用于指代人” as有正如,就像"之意,均不符合语境。所以此处应用关系代词which 引导非

限制性定语从句,且在句中作主语,指代前面整个句子。

【考点】非限制性定语从句。

6. 【答案】B

【解析】句意:中秋节时,家人们经常聚在一起吃团圆饭、赏月以及吃月饼。此处用动词不定式作目的状语。

【考点】非谓语动词。

7. 【答案】B

【解析】句意:在过去的几年里中国高铁总长度已从9000千米增加到25000千米。根据时间状语in the past

few years可知,谓语动词应用现在完成时。

【考点】动词时态。

8. 【答案】A

解析】句意:在任何不安全的情况下,只需要按下这个按钮,那么一个资深的代理商就会使你得到你需要

的帮助。分析句子结构可知,此处为固定句型:祈使句+and+陈述句。

【考点】固定句型。

9. 【答案】D

【解析】句意:救援人员冒着生命危险救了两个困在山上两天的游客。动词trap与主语two tourists之间为被

动关系,且此动作发生在risked之前,表示发生在过去的过去,所以应用过去完成时的被动语态。

【考点】动词时态和语态。

10. 【答案】A

【解析】句意:如果正确使用的话,普通的肥皂能有效地防止细菌滋生。动词use 与被修饰词ordinary soup 之间构成被动关系,所以用过去分词作定语。

【考点】非谓语动词。

11. 【答案】C

【解析】句意:没有他的支持,我们就不会在我们现在所在的地方。根据语境可知,此处应用地点副词where 引导表语从句。

【考点】连接副词辨析。

12. 【答案】C

【解析】句意:在今天的信息时代,数据丢失可能给一家公司带来严重的问题。C项意为可能”表示可能

性的推测,符合语境。

【考点】情态动词。

13. 【答案】D

【解析】句意:如果他们再多开几千米,他们就会找到一个更好的旅馆。根据主句中的谓语动词might have found可知,此处是与过去事实相反的虚拟,所以if引导的条件状语从句中的谓语动词应用过去完成时。

【考点】虚拟语气。

14. 【答案】A

【解析】句意:一一早上好,Lee先生的办公室。一一早上好。我想把预约时间定在下个星期三下午。固定

搭配make an appointment for 意为“预约”。

【考点】介词辨析。

15. 【答案】D

【解析】句意:这是我父亲教我的东西一一不断地面对困难,并希望得到最好的结果。is后接表语从句,从

句中缺少宾语,所以用连接代词what引导。

【考点】表语从句。

第二节完形填空

16. 【答案】C

【解析】根据上文中的"fin di ng an un atte nded wallet filled with £ 400 in cash would be a source of temptatio n"

以及本句中的"if you were living on the streets with little food and money" 可知,对于一个流浪街头且没有足够食物

和钱的人来说,发现一个装有现金的钱包无疑是更大的诱惑。

17. 【答案】B

【解析】此处应用副词even修饰比较级more remarkable。

18. 【答案】A

【解析】根据第一段第一句中的"fin di ng an uriatte nded walet filled with. £ 400 in cash would be a source of temptation"以及第三段中的"pulled the wallet out"可知,此处指史密斯先生发现了一个钱包。

19. 【答案】C 【解析】根据语境和常识可知,他在等待钱包的主人返回。

20. 【答案】D 【解析】根据后文"pulled the wallet out hoping to find some ID" 可知,他把手伸进钱包里。

21. 【答案】 A 【解析】根据上文可知,他把手伸进钱包里,结果发现钱包里有400英镑纸币,旁边还有50英镑零钱。

22. 【答案】B

【解析】根据本句中的"let the owner know it was safe" 可知,他留下使条后把钱包送到了附近的警察局。

23. 【答案】D 【解析】根据常识可知,他们看见警察站在汽车附近应感到惊讶。

24. 【答案】A

【解析】根据第四段第一句中的"let the owner know it was safe" 可知;钱包是安全的。

25. 【答案】C 【解析】根据上文可知,史密斯先生拾金不昧,因此他们应该是感谢他的善良。

26. 【答案】A 【解析】根据语境可知,史密斯先生睡在街上,那时他本可以偷了这钱,去找一个住的地方。

27. 【答案】B 【解析】根据语境可知,史密斯先生一无所有,然而他没有将钱包占为己有。此处表示转折,故用yet。

28. 【答案】D

【解析】根据上文可知,史密斯先生一无所有,然而他没有把钱包占为己有,反而去替别人考虑。in stead符合语境。

29. 【答案】A 【解析】根据上文可知,史密斯先生没有把钱包占为己有,说明他是诚实的。

30. 【答案】D

【解析】根据上文史密斯先生的行为可知,他的行为引起了公众的注意。固定短语draw on e's atte ntion意为“引起某人的注意”。

31. 【答案】B

【解析】根据常识可知;安德森先生在Facebook上发布了有关史密斯先生的善举。

32. 【答案】B

【解析】根据本句中的"had received$8 000" 可知,安德森先生为无家可归的人筹钱。

33. 【答案】D

【解析】固定短语show faith in意为"信任..... ”。

34. 【答案】C

【解析】根据上文可知,安德森先生筹钱帮助史密斯先生和无家可归的人,因此此处指安德森先生为史密斯先生提供了工作机会。

35. 【答案】C

【解析】根据上文可知,尽管史密斯先生一无所有,但他因拾金不昧的精神赢得了人们的信任,得到了人们的帮助。因此对他来说,这有可能是一次改变生活的机会。

第二部分:阅读理解

第一节

36. 【答案】C

【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段第二句"Yet, I was determined togo ahead.'可知,在马拉松前一个月作者的

脚踝受伤了,但作者仍下定决心继续跑步。

37. 【答案】C

【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中的"I didn't do either well.He later informed me that I was not athletic'." 可知,作者跑圈和打垒球都做不好。后来体育老师说他不擅长运动。由此可推断,作者提到七年级上的体育课是为了说明认为自己没有运动天赋。

38. 【答案】A

【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的"And I got a medal.In fact, I got the same medal as the one, that the guy who came in first place had." 可知,作者得到了一枚奖牌。事实上,作者得到了和第一名一样的奖牌。由此可推断,作者第一次参加马拉松比赛获得了成功。

39. 【答案】B

【解析】主旨大意题。纵观全文,本文主要叙述作者参加马拉松前一个月脚踝受伤了,但仍下定决心比赛。结果,作者完成了比赛并获得了奖牌。文章旨在启迪人们:不要受限于世俗标签,要下定决心前进,终会成功。

40. 【答案】A

【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段第句"If you're looking for a unique adventure ,the Space and Aviatiorn Center (SAC ) is the place to be."可知,人们来SAC是为了体验冒险。

41. 【答案】D

【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段第二句可知,在太空训练营,学员们在建造和发射火箭模型、完成太空任务以及与来自世界各地的宇航员们模拟飞行时,可以获得太空探索徽章。

42. 【答案】B

【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段内容可知,对于学员来说最重要的是团队精神。

43. 【答案】C

【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段第一、二句可知,西班牙和英国的研究人员发现,大蜡螟的蠕虫能分解聚乙烯,这种成分占塑料的40% 。研究小组在一个商用聚乙烯购物袋里放了100 只蠕虫,12小时之后,这些虫子分解了大约92毫克约3%的聚乙烯。

44. 【答案】B

【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段最后两句"The next step, DeBruyn says, will be to identify the cause of the breakdown.Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes ?"可知,下一步将研究酶的来源。45. 【答案】D

【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句"But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process not simply millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic.'" 可知,她希望在某种工业制造中使用这种化学物质;而不是单单地把数百万条虫子扔在塑料上分解塑料。由此可推断,这种化学制品未来可能在工厂里生产。

46. 【答案】C

【解析】目的意图题。文章主要介绍了蠕虫能分解塑料,有望将来能使用蠕虫体内的酶分解垃圾填埋场里的塑料,故文章主要介绍了一种分解塑料的方法。

47. 【答案】A

【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段第一句可知,作者认为无人驾驶汽车如何解决交通拥挤、有害气体排放等与交通有关的问题这一问题应得到关注。

48. 【答案】D

【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段第二、三句以及第四段最后两句可推断,作者担心的是无人驾驶汽车的管理问题。

49. 【答案】A

【解析】词义推测题。根据第四段第三句可知,考虑到自动驾驶技术的成本以及责任和维护问题,我们可以肯定的是,首批商用无人驾驶汽车将被用在叫车服务上。由此可推断,field意为使用”

50. 【答案】B

【解析】观点态度题。根据最后一段最后三句可知,目前先进的科学技术能为各城市和国家的交通系统提供机会,该运输系统的目的是让更多的人能更便捷地出行。未来汽车时代来临了。而我们只需要规划一下。由此可推断,作者对无人驾驶汽车的未来持积极态度。

第二节

51. 【答案】F

【解析】空格处应是第一段的总结,并根据空格前面一句"The main reasons we get angry are triggering events, personality traits, and our assessment of situations." 可知;如果我们了解生气的原因有助于管理我们的愤怒。 F 项符合语境。

52. 【答案】G

【解析】根据空格后面一句"The reason why someone is triggered by something and others are, not is often due to one's personal history and psychological traits." 可推知,并不是每个人对事情的反应都一样,那也是为什么让一个人

生气的事情可能会也可能不会让另一个人生气的原因。G项符合语境。

53. 【答案】E

【解析】根据空格前面一句"People who have personality traits that connect with competitiveness and low upset tolerance are much more likely to get angry." 以及空格后面一句可知,有这些个性特征表明你处于前愤怒的状态,在这种状态下愤怒已经在你的意识中。E项符合语境。

54. 【答案】A

【解析】根据空格后面两句可知,有时甚至日常琐事也会成为前愤怒或愤怒的来源,有时事情的消极态度也会引起愤怒。由此可知,我们对事情的态度和观点也会引起我们内心的愤怒。A项符合语境。

55. 【答案】D

【解析】根据空格后面一句"However, anger can easily turn violent, and it is best to know the reasons for anger to appear in order to preve nt its prese nee.可知,前后句为转折关系。由此可推断,怒气是一种特别强烈的感觉,也许人们认为他们有理由生气。 D 项符合语境。

第三部分:书面表达

第一节

【答案】

Dear Jim,

I'm happy to hear from you. Weleome to Beijing for your study !

Sinee you have long been interested in Chinese eulture, I think Beijing Language and Culture University, is an ideal plaee for you. The university is known for its language and eulture eourses intended for, international students. I believe you will have a rewarding experienee there.

To be frank, studying for a degree in a different eulture is never easy. You'd better learn some basie Chinese before you eome. That way, you may adjust yourself to the life here in Beijing soon.

If you have any other questions, do let me know.

Yours,

LiHua 【解析】本文是一篇半开放式书面表达,考生写作时应包含三方面:欢迎Jim的到来;推荐他上哪所大学;

建议他做哪些准备工作。值得注意的是,写作时人称应采用第一人称和第二人称,时态应使用一般现在时。考生可

适当地增加细节,使用连接词和杂句型,使文章内容丰富起来。

【范文点评】本文写作要点齐全,时态运用合理,能够抓住写作的关键。文章从三个方面进行写作,达到了写作的目的。文中使用be interested in, be known for, be intended for, adjust oneself to 等固定短语,并使用了since引导的原因状语从句、if引导的条件状语从句以及宾语从句等,提高了文章的档次。

第二节

【答案】

Last week, a group of international students visited our school. To help them better understand our tea-drinking culture ,we took them to the tea room in our school, where I introduced the history of tea-making and different kinds of tea and so on. All the international students were quite interested in my introduction.

Then I showed them how to make tea. I sat at a table, explaining every step of the process while making tea. All of them were amazed. They couldn't wait to have a try for themselves.

Soon the tea room became lively with every international student trying to make their own tea. We had a lot of fun, practicing, and enjoying the tea.

In the end, we took a group photo, with cups of tea in our hands, to record this unforgettable experience. 【解析】本篇书面表达为开放式作文,属于图片类记叙文。文章主要描述图片的内容,并用简短的话语概括自己的感受。写作时应注意将图片中的信息要点概括全面,不要遗漏,也不能简单罗列,写作要符合图片类作文的格式。文章时态可采用一般过去时,且应用第一人称展开描述,并适当使用高级词汇和复杂的句式,合理使用连接词,使文章具有逻辑性。

【范文点评】本文写作要点齐全,时态运用合理,能够抓住写作的关键,正确地描述了四幅图片的内容,达到了写作的目的。同时,文中使用be interested in, explain, can't wait to do, lively, have fun, in the end, unforgettable 等高级词汇以及非限制性定语从句、动词不定式作目的状语以及with. 的复合结构等复杂句式,较好地完成了写作任务.

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英语试卷 第1页(共22页) 英语试卷 第2页(共22页) 绝密★启用前 2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 英 语 注意事项: 1.答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。 2.回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑,如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡上,写在本试卷上无效。 3.考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分 听力(共两节,满分30分) 做题时,先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节 (共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分) 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A 、B 、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 例:How much is the shirt ? A. £19.15. B. £9.18. C. £9.15. 答案是C . 1. What will James do tomorrow ? A. Watch a TV program. B. Give a talk. C. Write a report. 2. What can we say about the woman ? A. She’s generous. B. She’s curious. C. She’s helpful. 3. When does the train leave ? A. At 6:30. B. At 8:30. C. At 10:30. 4. How does the woman go to work ? A. By car. B. On foot. C. By bike. 5. What is the probable relationship between the speakers ? A. Classmates. B. Teacher and student. C. Doctor and patient. 第二节 (共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分) 听下面5段对话或独白.每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A 、B 、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。 6. What does the woman regret ? A. Giving up her research. B. Dropping out of college. C. Changing her major. 7. What is the woman interested in studying now ? A. Ecology. B. Education. C. Chemistry. 听第7段材料,回答第8、9题。 8. What is the man ? A. A hotel manager. B. A tour guide. C. A taxi driver. 9. What is the man doing for the woman ? A. Looking for some local foods. B. Showing her around the seaside. C. Offering information about a hotel. 听第8段材料,回答第10至12题。 10. Where does the conversation probably take place ? A. In an office. B. At home. C. At a restaurant. 11. What will the speakers do tomorrow evening ? A. Go to a concert. B. Visit a friend. C. Work extra hours. 12. Who is Alice going to call ? A. Mike. B. Joan. C. Catherine. 听第9段材料,回答第13至16题。 13. Why does the woman meet the man ? A. To look at an apartment. B. To deliver some furniture. C. To have a meal together. ------------在 --------------------- 此--------------------- 卷--------------------- 上--------------------- 答--------------------- 题--------------------- 无-------------------- 效------------ ---- 姓名________________ 准考证号_____________

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