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现代农林英语课后翻译答案

翻译答案

Unit 1

Urban forestry involves(refers to / is concerned with) forestry activities introducing forestry from wild lands (fields) and countryside (rural regions) to populous cities where economy, culture, industry and business (commerce) are concentrated. Most metropolitan cities are currently prosperous but noisy (clamorous) with deteriorating ecological environment. People living in such a crowded and narrow city space suffer from a worsening (declining) physical quality. To develop urban forestry can beautify environment, purify air, reduce noise and adjust local climate (microclimate), so that the living quality of urban people can be improved. Generally, urban forestry has provided a new approach to the urban environmental problems.

社区的物质框架结构被称为它的基础设施。这些在城市里发挥作用的庞然大物可以被分为绿色和灰色两种。绿色结构是为乔木、灌木、草地所覆盖的区域，而灰色结构指建筑、道路、公用事业设备、停车场的所在。绿色结构是渗水的，土壤让水渗进去，自然地过滤掉污染物，然后水进入河流。灰色结构却不能穿透，它迫使水走向地面，入河之前一定要经过处理和清洁。

作为城市绿色结构的树木，它们的作用和灰色结构不同，但尚无充分文字记载。由于树木没有量化的价值指标，因此没有把它们考虑进预算程序之中。城市绿色结构的大小、形态、方位可以被度量，它们在公用事业中发挥的作用可以进行准确计算。

尽管灰绿结构对一个城市都很重要，但利用土地尽力营造绿色结构的社区就能避免更多污染物，使运营成本效力更高，因此更宜居住。不过对于地方政府管理者来说，平衡灰色和绿色结构就成为一个很严重的挑战。

Unit 3

China is one of the countries boasting the richest biodiversity and also one of the earliest adopting the Convention on Biological Diversity. The Chinese Government has highly valued the work of b iodiversity conservation by formulating and enforcing a series of related laws and regulations, so t hat a legal system on the conservation and biodiversity has fundamentally formed. In addition, it h as established and consolidated the coordination mechanism on the implementation of the Convent ion on Biological Diversity as well as the scheme of Inter-ministerial Joint Meeting on biological s pecies resources, laid down and issued the National Action Plan on the Conservation of Biodiversi ty of China and other related plans in this regard, based on which various relevant sectors have ma pped out and executed their own action plans.

Unit 5

Agriculture still has /(shoulders / takes) the responsibility to feed the entire world in spite of / (despite) the serious (tough / big /severe ) challenge of climate change. Agriculture needs to produce more food, waste less, and make it easier for farmers to have their produce sent / (get their produce) to consumers. Besides, agriculture has to find ways/approaches/methods to reduce negative impacts resulted from environmental change—including lowering greenhouse gas emissions，planning/managing food security and rural development as a whole, etc. Only through the development of agricultural high technology can the above be realized/All these are only possible through the development of agricultural high technology.

无土栽培或水培法是一种在营养液（含有营养物质的水）中栽培植物的技术，它可以使用或不使用人工基质（如沙、砾石、蛭石、岩棉、珍珠岩、或锯末）为植物提供支持。水培法一词源于希腊词汇hydro（水）和ponos（劳作）的结合。

水培园艺如日常园艺一样容易操作。两者都需要有充足的光照、水分供应和适宜的温湿度。但是水培法不使用土壤。自然条件下，土壤充当着储存矿物营养的角色，但土壤本身对植物生长来说并不是必不可少的。当土壤中的矿物营养物溶解于水时，植物根茎才得以吸收。若植物所需的矿物营养物由人工添加入其水分供应中，土壤就不再是植物茁壮生长所必需的条件了。几乎所有的陆生植物都能用水培法来栽种。这种技术还具有产量高，节水省地，保护环境的特点。

Unit 6

Chinese agriculture has to choose the way of a low-carbon development which is characterized by being resources-saving, production-clean, environment-friendly and quality-efficiency-oriented. Therefore, in terms of technology, great efforts must be made to develop a series of key technologies and promote /spread their practical application, such as resources-saving technologies including energy-saving, soil-saving, water-saving, fertilizer-saving, insecticides-saving / pesticides-saving, seeds-saving, materials-saving and labor-saving technologies, and so on, technologies of reducing the use of agricultural chemicals and developing their substitutes, technologies of cultivating new plant species with high light absorption and carbon sequestration, technology of soil carbon sequestration, technologies of developing clean energies, technologies of developing clean environment-friendly production, technologies of poison-free disposal and reclamation of wastes, and so on.

农业在食物生产、能源生产、自然资源管理及土地使用各环节中的重要作用使得它在向低碳经济转型的过程中占据了中心位置，因此，测量不同农产品和各种农业活动中产生的温室气体是非常重要的。通过一种从“摇篮到坟墓”的生命周期分析可计算出环境（生态）脚印。在这一分析系统中，通过量化和评估某一产品生命周期各个阶段（从资源的开发、原材料的使用和生产到该产品的生产、使用、重复使用直至其最终处理）所消耗的资源和在环境中的碳排放量可以评估该产品所有的潜在环境影响。农业生态脚印也是以这种方式计算得出的。

Unit 7

The enactment of the City Planning Act in 1989 is a major milestone to re-establish and formalize (regularize) the urban planning system in China. But, there are still many deficiencies of the urban planning system in coping with the rapidly changing socio-economic environment. Some of these deficiencies can be traced back to the past planned economy era, and some are intrinsic problems of the City Planning Act. Attempts are being made (Experiments are taking place) in Chinese cities which aim to provide better guidance and supervision to urban planning and development control from a planned economy to a transitional one.

自然是一个无处不在，且环拥城市的整体。这一理念对城市的建造和维护以及每个居民的健康、安全和福利都有相当大的意义。不幸的是传统一直将城市和自然对立起来。城市是脱离自然的实体，甚至与自然格格不入，这样的观念主导着人们对城市的认识并继续影响城市的建设，由此恶化甚至带来许多城市环境问题，例如：空气和水受到污染；资源枯竭无法挽回；破坏力大的洪水频发；能源需求和建设维护成本都高于城市化之前；此外，许多城市遍布着丑陋景象。除了污染程度，新污染物的毒性和持久性，以及地球城市化范围等方面，那些困扰着古代城市的问题与现代都市的问题从本质上讲没什么不同。随着城市增长，这些问题变的更加紧迫，然而，它们仍被当作是独立的现象而与人类活动无关，对自然过程的忽视更加剧了城市问题。

Unit 9

Famed for Oriental Venice, Suzhou tops all others cities in both the number and the artistry of gardens. Tracing back to the Spring and Autumn period, the earliest gardens in Suzhou belongs to the king of Wu. Recorded as the earliest private garden, Pijiang house dates from the 4th century Eastern Jin Dynasties. Following that, Suzhou's art of gardening has undergone a history of 1, 500 years. Originated from the desire to feel the charm of mountains, forest and springs without going out of the noisy surrounding of the town, Suzhou gardens are the harmonious combination of nature and constructions. During the prosperous Ming and Qing Dynasties, the number of gardens in the city increases a great deal, mounting to 200 odd. Dozens of them have survived to the present and are in a good state of preservation. Among them, the most famous ones are the Surging Waves Pavilion, the Lion Grove Garden, the Humble Administrator Garden and the Lingering Garden, representing the different styles of Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties respectively.

尽管中国的园林艺术是精细的，但植物通常都没有人工加工的痕迹。你找不到裁减的笔直的树篱，也找不到几何图案的花丛。欧洲景观建筑师对植物的滥用，中国建筑师都给了园林里的房子。自然不经修饰，最突出的特点就是没有草坪。宏伟的柏树的林荫大道，黄杨的裁减成形，喷泉，所有这些都太折腾自然了。尽管这样，西方园林都没有摆脱荒凉的景象。中国造园的目的是陶醉与欣喜，基本上是智慧的艺术.

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【学校简介】宁夏大学（Ningxia University），简称“宁大”（NXU），坐落于宁夏回族自治区首府银川市，是中华人民共和国教育部与宁夏回族自治区人民政府部省合作共建高校，为国家世界一流学科建设高校、211工程重点建设高校、中西部高校综合实力提升工程高校，入选卓越工程师教育培养计划、卓越农林人才教育培养计划、国家大学生创新性实验计划、国家级新工科研究与实践项目、国家大学生文化素质教育基地、教育部来华留学示范基地、中国政府奖学金来华留学生接收院校，是“一省一校”国家重点建设大学联盟（Z14）成员，教育部首批批准接收外国留学生的高校。[1] 宁夏大学的前身为1958年9月创建的宁夏师范学院、宁夏农学院。1962年9月，宁夏师范学院、宁夏农学院与宁夏医学院合并成立宁夏大学。1970年1月，宁夏医学院、宁夏农学院从宁夏大学分出独立办学。1997年12月，宁夏大学与宁夏工学院、银川师范高等专科学校（宁夏教育学院）合并组建宁夏大学。2002年2月，原宁夏大学与宁夏农学院合并成立宁夏大学。[1-2] 截至2019年3月，学校占地面积2938亩，教学实验农场1890亩，校舍建筑面积87万平方米，公开出版学术期刊4种；学校设有22个二级教学单位（学院），77个本科专业；有博士后科研流动站3个，一级学科博士点6个，二级学科博士点36个，一级学科硕士点31个，二级学科硕士点175个，15个专业硕士学位授权点；在校教职工2625人，全日制普通本科在校生17780人，研究生3626人，