雨田语法小升初语法集合5
圣霖教育英语小初知识点综合学习
学习提纲
一、词类、句子成分和构词法：
1、词类：英语词类分十种：
名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。
1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange.
2、代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。如：who, she, you, it .
3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange .
4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth.
5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：am, is,are,have,see .
6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly.
7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the.
8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind.
9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before .
10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello.
2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。
1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如：I’m Miss Green
2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如：Jack cleans the room every day.
3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。
如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍)
4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如：He can spell the word.(他
能拼这个词)有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。
指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语一般在直接宾语的前面。如：He wrote me a letter .
有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如：He wrote a letter to me .
5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如：Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市)
6、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,通常由副词担任。如：He works hard .(他工作努力)
7、宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么,通常由形容词或动词充当。如：They usually keep their classroom
clean. / He often helps me do my lessons. / The teacher wanted me to learn French all by myself.
☆同位语通常紧跟在名词、代词后面,说明它的情况。如：Where is your classmate Tom ?(你的同学汤姆在哪里？)
3、构词法：英语构词法主要有：合成法、派生法和转换法。
1、合成法：如：spaceship, headache, basketball, playground等等。
2、派生法：(1)派生名词：①动词+er/or②动词+ing③动词+(t)ion④形容词+ness⑤其他,如：inventor, learner,
swimming, congratulation, kindness, carelessness, knowledge
(2)派生形容词：①名词+y②名词+ful③动词+ing/ed④friendly⑤dangerous⑥Chinese; Japanese⑦English⑧French⑨German⑩国名+(i)an如：snowy, sunny, hopeful, beautiful, interesting, follwing, daily,nervous, delicious (3)派生副词：①形容词+ly ②其它,如：slowly, angrily, full→fully, good→well, possible→possibly等等。
3、转换法：
(1)形容词→动词,如：dry(干燥的)→dry(弄干), clean(干净的)→clean(打扫,弄干净),等等。
(2)动词→名词,如：look, walk, rest, work, study, swim, go, talk等等。
(3)名词→动词,如：hand(手)→(传递),face(脸)→(面对)等等。
(4)形容词→副词,如：early→early, fast→fast等等。
(5)副词→连词,如：when(什么时候)→(当……时候),等等。
(6)介词→副词,如：in(到……里)→(在里面；在家),on(在…上)→(进行,继续),等等。
一．名词
I.
II. 名词的数：
1.
2.
III.
名词在句中表示所有关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格。所有格分两种：一是名词词尾加‘s构成，二是由介词of加名词构成。前者多表示有生命的东西，后者多表示无生命的东西。
1. ‘s
2. ‘s
3.of所有格的用法：
用于无生命的东西：the legs of the chair, the cover of the book
用于有生命的东西，尤其是有较长定语时：the classrooms of the first-year students
4.用于名词化的词：the struggle of the oppressed
4. 双重所有格
1)名词双重所有格的含义：of+名词所有格称为双重所有格，这种结构中，of前面是一部分，of后面是一个整体。例如：Mr Wang is a friend of my father's. (=Mr Wang is one of my father's friends.) 王先生是我父亲的一个朋友.
2)名词双重所有格的构成方法：
a. of前面的名词前面通常有一个含泛指意义的限定词，如a, any, some, no, few, several以及two, three等。例如：Have you read any stories of Lei Feng's? They gave me some books of theirs. Three classmates of my sister's have found good jobs.
b. 有时of前面的名词前面可以用指示代词this, that表示某种感情色彩。例如：
That answer of Jim's was right. Something is wrong with this eye of mine.
c. of后面带有's的名词或名词性物主代词通常是特指的人。例如：
That's a book of Lu Xun's. 这是鲁迅的一本书。This is a child of theirs. 那是他们的一个孩子。
3)名词的双重所有格与―of + 名词‖结构之间的区别：
a.. 句子所表达的侧重点不同。试比较：
He is a friend of my father's. （着重说明―父亲‖的朋友不止一个）
He is a friend of my father. （着重说明―他‖是父亲的一个朋友）
b. of前面是picture等词时，含义不同。试比较：
This is a picture of my teacher's. 这是我老师收藏的一张照片。
This is a picture of my teacher. 这是我老师的一张照片。
IV、名词或代词作主语时和谓语之间的单复数的一致问题：
1、谓语和谓语基本保持单复数的一致,即：主语是可数名词单数或不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数：如：The computer
was a great invention.(计算机是个了不起的发明)The water in the glass is very cold.(玻璃杯里的水很冷)
2、集体名词(如family, class, team, group, row, police, school等)做句子主语时,
①如果表示整体概念,则谓语用单数形式,如：Class Three is a very good class.(三班是好班)
②如果表示其中的所有成员时,则谓语用复数形式,如：Class Three have a map of China.(三班有张中国地图)
3、Chinese, Japanese, fish, sheep, people等表示单个时谓语用单数,表示许多时,谓语用复数。如：There is a sheep in
the yard.(院子里有只绵羊) / There are some sheep in the yard.(院子里有一些绵羊)
4、maths, news等虽然有s结尾,但不是复数,因此谓语仍用单数：The news is very exciting. (这个消息令人兴奋)
5、glasses, shoes, socks, trousers, gloves等名词往往用复数形式,故谓语用复数。如：
The trousers are very cheap and I want to take them.(裤子很便宜,我想买)
6、a lot of 后跟名词复数时谓语用复数形式,跟不可数名词时谓语用单数形式。如：A lot of students are playing
baseball now. A lot of time was wasted on that work.(大量的时间花在了那个工作上)(被动句)
7、and 连接两个名词做主语时,谓语原则上用复数,但是两个名词若构成一个整体事物时,谓语则用单数。如：The
teacher and his son are picking apples now.(老师和他的儿子在摘苹果) / Fish and chips is very famous food.
8、there be句型中be的单复数一般由靠近的名词决定。如：There is a table and four chairs in the room.
9、用both…and…连接两个事物做主语时,谓语一般用复数。如：Both you and I are required to be here tomorrow.
10、主语中含有with的短语时,谓语单复数由with之前的人物决定。如：A woman with a 7-year-old child was standing
at the side of the road. (一名妇女带着一个七岁的孩子(当时)就站在路边)
11、either…or…或者neither…nor…连接两个人物做句子主语时,谓语采用就近原则。如：Either you or he is right.(要
么是你对,要么是他对。/你和他有一个人是对的) / Neither you nor I am going there.
12、表示一段时间或长度概念的复数名词做主语时,谓语一般用单数。如：Two months is not a short time.(两个月不
是个短时间)Two thousand kilometers is quite a long distance(距离).(两千千米是相当长的一段距离)
13、主语中含有half of… / (three quarters)of… / all (of) the ….等词语时,谓语的单复数由名词确定,如：Over three
quarters of the information on the Internet is in English. / A third of the students were playing near the lake./ All of the water in these rivers has been polluted.(这些河流中的水已经被污染了)(被动句)
但是,population一词又有特殊情况：What’s the population of China?(句子用单数)/ Three quarters of the population in this city are Arabs(阿拉伯人).(这个城市四分之三的人口是阿拉伯人)(句子用复数)
实战演练(2×50)
1. June 1st is ____ Day all over the world.A. Child‘s B. Children‘s C. Childrens‘
2. September 10th is ___ Day in China.A. Teacher‘s B. Teachers‘ C. Teacher
3. This is _______ news.A. such a good B. a very good C. such good
4.—What ______ it is! —Let‘s go out to have a picnic.A. a fine weather B. fine day C. a fine day
5. Tom and I go to school _____ every day.A. on feet B. on foot C. by foot
6. –Are those _____? -No, they aren‘t. They‘re _____.A. sheep; cows B. sheep; cow C. sheeps; cow
7. A group of ____ are talking with two ___ over there.
A. Frenchmen; Germans
B. Frenchmen; Germen
C. German; Frenchmen
8. That doctor drank two _____.A. glass of water B. glasses of waters C. cups of tea
9. Mrs. Smith is an old friend of _______.A. Bob mother B. Bob‘s mother‘s C. mother of Bob
10. The tall man with a big nose is _______ classmate.A. Tom and Carl B. Tom‘s and Carl‘s C. Tom and Carl‘s
11.In ____ time, there will be more tall buildings in our city.A. few year B. a few years‘ C. a few year‘s
12. How many ___ do you want every month?A. milk B. water C. apples
13. –Whose is this new bicycle? -It‘s _____.A. Sue and Jim‘s B . Sue and Jim C. Sue‘s and Jim‘s
14. –Would you like _____tea?-No, thanks. I‘ve drunk two __.
A. any; bottles of orange
B. a little; bottle of oranges
C. some; bottles of orange
15. –How many _____ do you want? -Two, please.A. kilos of egg B. kilo of eggs C. kilos of eggs
16. The bus stop is two _____ from our house.A. hour‘s drive B. hours‘ drive C. hour-drive
17. –Where are you going, Amy?-_______.A. To my uncle B. To my uncle‘s C. At my uncle
18. Have you read _____?A. a newspaper of today‘s B. today ne wspaper C. today's newspaper
19. Lucy put a lot of ____ in ____ of tea. A. sugar; the two cup B. sugars; the two cups C. sugar; the two cups
20. Tomatoes, broccoli, and ____ are vegetables.A. bananas B. potatoes C. noodles
21. –Help yourself to some _________.-Thank you. I really like them. A. fish B. orange C. cakes
22. The little baby has two _______ already.A. tooth B. a tooth C. teeth
23. We all had ______ last month. Did you travel to anywhere?
A. three days‘ holiday
B. three day‘s holiday
C. three-days holiday
24. When autumn comes, ______ of most trees turn yellow and then fall down.A. leaf B. leave C. leaves
25. Tomorrow I'm going to my________. It's a _________.
A aunt...five minutes' walk
B aunt's...five minute's walk
C aunt's...five minutes' walk
26. A computer is one of the greatest ________in this century.A inventors B inventions C invitations
27. We haven't ________ homework to do today. A many B some C much
28. Three hours________enough for a__________boy to read books.
A is...ten-year-old
B are...ten-year-old
C is...ten-years-old
29. _________that pair of new_________nice?A Is...shoe B Are...shoes C Is...shoes
30.Mary, I've bought many_______. Now let's make the birthday cake.
A fresh eggs
B chocolate milk
C food
31. The two ________are my________.A woman doctors... friends B women doctors... friendsC women doctors... friend
32. These are________houses.A Lee and my uncle B the Lee's and my uncle's C theLees' and my uncle
33. We are__________.They are_________.A Chinese...Germen B Chinese...German C Chinese...Germans
34. There ______ a pencil and two books on the desk. A. has B. is C.are
35. A number of students ______ for the school bus now. A. is waiting B. are waiting C. waits
36. The number of students in the class ______ large. A. are B. has C.is
37. A _____ is used for keeping warm. A. stamp B. scarf C. key
38. There is no _______ in the bus so we have to wait for another bus. A. room B. a room C. rooms
39. ---This is a photo of _________ when they were young.---OK, how happy they both looked!
A. my father and mother
B. my mother and father's
C. my mother's and father's
40. The new student is in __________ , Grade Two. A. Class Third B. Third Class C. Class Three
41. --- What would you like to drink, girls?--- _________, please.
A.Two cup of coffee
B. Two cups of coffee
C. Two coffee
42 During Christmas, people get together and sing Christmas songs for ______ A. fun B. wishes C. interest
43. They are those _________ bags. Please put them on the bus. A. visitor B. visitor's C. visitors'
44.--- How many students are there in your school?--- There are two ___________.
A. hundreds
B. hundred
C. hundreds of
45. ---What do you think of the _______ the Moonlight Sonata by Beethoven?-- It sounds really wonderful.
A. subject
B. music
C. book
46. There is not enough _________ in the corner for the TV. A. place B. room C. field
47. If you don't take more ________, you'll get fat. A. medicine B. lessons C. exercise
48. My school is about twenty ________ walk from here. A. minute B. minutes' C. minutes
49. Mum, I have _______ to tell you! A. a good news B. some good news C. many good news
50. Maths ________ not easy to learn. A. are B. is C. am
二、代词
代词概述: 代词是代替名词的一种词类。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。
二、代词分类
英语中的代词，按其意义、特征及在句中的作用主要分为：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词、疑问代词。
人称代词及其用法
人称代词主格在句子中担任主语。
例如：She likes watching movies.她喜欢看电影。They have been to America twice.
人称代词宾格在句子中担任动词宾语、介词宾语或表语。
例如：We listen to them and they help us.Who is knocking at the door? --It‘s me.
物主代词及其用法
2）物主代词的用法
①形容词性物主代词相当于形容词，在句子中担任定语修饰名词，一般不单独使用。例如：This is my book. Your book is over there.They are our new friends.
②名词性物主代词语法上相当于名词，意义上相当于―形容词性物主代词+名词‖，经常用其来避免和前面提到的名词重复。例如：This is my dictionary. Where is yours (=your dictionary)? My idea is just the same as his(=his idea).
3、反身代词及其用法
2）反身代词的用法
①反身代词在句子中担任动词宾语或介词宾语。
例如：The boy is too young to look after himself. They did the job all by themselves.反身代词常用词组
例如：teach oneself自学learn by oneself自学enjoy oneself玩得愉快hurt oneself伤了自己help oneself to 自便come to oneself苏醒by oneself单独；亲自
指示代词及其用法
指示代词：单数this（这）、that（那）；复数these（这些）, those（那些）
指示代词的用法
this/these用于指代近距离的人或事物。例如：This is my friend and these are his new books.
that/those用于指代远距离的人或事物。例如：Look！That girl in red is Kate.瞧！那个穿红衣服的女孩是凯特。
打电话时this介绍自己，用that询问对方。例如：This is Mar speaking. Is that Mrs Jones?我是玛丽，您是琼斯夫人吗？不定代词及其用法
不定代词是比较复杂的一类代词，在词形上有简单的不定代词和复合不定代词两种形式，分别列表如下。
不定代词的用法
在实际使用中，普通不定代词多数时候用作形容词修饰名词。
some和any。两者均可修饰可数和不可数名词。一般情况下，some用于肯定句，any用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中。但在说话人想要得到肯定回答或表达请求、建议的疑问句中用some。
例如：There are some students in the classroom, but there aren‘t any teachers. ---Would you like to have some tea or coffee? ---Neither, thanks.
many 和much。many修饰可数名词的复数形式，much修饰不可数名词。
两者均可以和表示程度的副词so，too，as，how构成too many/much, so many/much, as many/much as, how many/much.例如：I have too much work to do. How did you make so many mistakes? Please speak English as much as possible. few, a few 和little, a little. few和a few修饰可数名词，little和a little修饰不可数名词。few，little表示否定，a few，a little表示肯定。例如：He is a ne w student in the school, so he has few friends. I have so little money that I can‘t afford the new magazine. Can you lend me some? ---Can I have a few words with you, Mrs Brown? –Sure, I have a little time.
④ both和all。both只能用于指代两者，all指代三者或以上的人或物。
例如：My parents are both teachers. Both my brother and I are students. We all live in Changsha.我父母亲都是老师。我哥和我是学生。我们都生活在长沙。
⑤ either，neither和none。either只能―两者中取其一‖，neither―两者都不‖，是both反义词，none―都不‖是all反义词。例如：Either you or your sister has to help your dad in the garden. ---Would you like some milk or coffee? –Neither. Just water, please.They are all teenagers. None of them should be allowed to smoke.。
⑥ other, others, the other, the others.概括地说，不带the的为泛指，带the的为特指，带s的指代复数的人或物，不带s的指代单数的人或物。
例如：Beijing is larger than the other cities in China. Lei Feng was always ready to help others(=other people)。
I have only two good friends. One is Jack, the other is David. I bought six new books yesterday. One is English, the others(=the other books) are Chinese.
⑦ one, another, one指代上文提到过的单数可数名词，避免重复。another指的是三者以上中的任意一者，还可以表达―额外添加‖的意思。例如：This building is taller than that one. I have already spent half an hour on the job, but I need another ten minutes to finish it.
⑧复合不定代词的句法功能可以参考some、any、no、every的用法。但下列几点必须
注意：a）复合不定代词在句子中担任主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。例如：Is there anything wrong with the computer?
电脑出问题了吗？Everybody is here. Let‘s begin the meeting.
b）修饰复合不定代词的形容词要放他们的后面，做后置定语。Be quiet, please. I have something important to tell you.
实战演练(2×50) 计分:
1 ---Is that man in blue your father? ---No, _______ is my headmaster.
A. he
B. him
C. she
2. ---Laura, this is my backpack. Where is _______? ---Mine is over there.
A. your
B. yours
C. his
3. ---Is the woman who walked past just now your teacher? ---Yes, she teaches _____ Chinese.
A. us
B. our
C. ours
4. ---Is David _________ cousin or theirs? ---He is my cousin.
A. your
B. yours
C. you
5. Excuse me, _____pen is broken. May I use ________?
A. my, your
B. I, yours
C. my, yours
6. ---Is this your MP4, Mike? ---No, it‘s ______.
A. his
B. her
C. my
7. We must learn English by __________.
A. us
B. our
C. ourselves
8. Could you lend me ______ bike? I lost ______ last Saturday.
A. your, my
B. your, mine
C. yours, mine
9. ---Who taught _____ German? ---Nobody. She learned all by _______.
A. she, her
B. her, herself
C. hers, herself
10. --- Which would you like, bread or rice? --- ______ of them. I‘m full now.
A. Either
B. Neither
C. All
11. ---_______does your cousin look like? ---He‘s tall and thin.
A. What
B. Who
C. Which
12. Believe yourself. You‘re better than ________. You‘re the best. Wish you success.
A. anyone else
B. some else
C. else anyone
13. Most young people find _______ exciting to watch a football match.
A. it
B. this
C. that
14. ---_______ are you talking about? ----The Olympic Games in Beijing.
A. What
B. How
C. Whom
15. ---What about this T—shirt? ---I don‘t like the color. Please show me _____one.
A. other
B. the other
C. another
16. ---Did you enjoy ____ at the party, Jimmy? –Yes, Mum. I enjoyed ___very much.
A. yours, ourselves
B. yourselves, myself
C. yourself, myself
17. They three were all very tired, but ______ of them would stop to have a rest.
A. some
B. none
C. all
18. There is ______ knocking at the door. Go and see who it is.
A. someone
B. anybody
C. nobody
19. Do you know the girl between Lucy and ______?
A. she
B. his
C. me
20. ---Could you tell me ______ to do next? ---Nothing more. Let‘s have a rest.
A. what
B. how
C. when
21. ---Can we put our sports shoes here? ---Oh, yes. Put ______ here, please.
A. them
B. their
C. they
22. ---______did Mr Wang leave in a hurry? ---Perhaps to meet a friend. Who knows?
A. Where
B. For what
C. With whom
23. _____ isn‘t easy to learn a foreign language well. But don‘t give it up.
A. That
B. It
C. This
24. ---Hello! ---_______is Mary speaking. Is ______ Lily? --- Yes, speaking.
A. This, this
B. This, that
C. That, this
25. ---Who told you Sam and Kitty got married? --- A friend of _______.
A. you
B. her
C. mine
26．There are many tall buildings on _______ sides of the street.
A. either
B. all
C. both
27 I asked both Mary and Lucy to my birthday party, but ________ of them can come.
A. both
B. neither
C. all
28．---Mum, Li Ming bought a parrot yesterday. Could you please buy ____ for me?
---Sure. But you must take good care of it.
A. one
B. it
C. that
29．The weather in Hengyang is different from ______ in Beijing.
A. one
B. it
C. that
30．As we all have grown up, we should learn to look after ________.
A. ourselves
B. us
C. myself
31．Never say you‘re a fool. Everyone is good at ________.
A. something
B. anything
C. everything
32 I like pop music, but _______ my father _______ my mother likes it.
A. both; and
B. either; or
C. neither; nor
33．---When shall we go to the museum, this afternoon or tomorrow morning?
---_______ is OK. I‘m free these days.
A. Both
B. All
C. Either
34 There are only _________ new words in the passage, but I know _____ of them.
A. some; all
B. a few; none
C. lots of; a few
35 ---Who is singing in the next room? --- _______ must be Marie.
A. It
B. She
C. This
36．The machines made in China are cheaper than ________ made in Japan.
A. ones
B. that
C. those
37 ---Two Evening Papers, please! ---Only one copy left. Would you like to have ___, sir?
A. one
B. it
C. this
38 ---Do you like talking with your friends on the phone or on mobile phone?
---_________. I enjoy using QQ.
A. Either
B. Neither
C. None
39 The pears in my basket are smaller than _______ in Jim‘s.
A. those
B. that
C. ones
40．We can‘t leave our grandparents by _________.
A. they
B. them
C. themselves
41．---Can I talk to you for a minute, Brian? ---Sure. I have ______ time.
A. a few
B. little
C. a little
42．---Is _______ here today? ---No. Han Mei isn‘t here. Maybe she‘s ill.
A. someone
B. anyone
C. everyone
43．---Have you finished your task? ---No, I‘ll finish it in _______ ten minutes. A. less B. other C. another 44．Mrs White has two children. _______ is a driver, and ______ is a nurse.
A. One; another
B. One; the other
C. One; other
45．The old woman asked _______, ―What should I do?‖ A. herself B. her C. hers
46．Either you or I _______ right. A. is B. am C. are D. be
47 We found _______ necessary to protect the environment. A. it B. this C. that
48．It was ________ fine day that they went to the park.A. so a B. a so C. such a
49．_________went surfing at the beach because of the terrible weather.A. Someone B. No one C. Nothing 50．---______ did Mr Wang leave in a hurry? ---Perhaps to meet a friend. Who knows?
A. How
B. Where
C. For what
三．数词、冠词
一．数词
1.数词概述：表示数目多少或顺序先后的词叫做数词。其用法相当于名词或者形容词。
2.数词的种类：可以分为两种：基数词：表示数目多少的数词。序数词：表示先后顺序的数词。
3.基数词的写法和用法
1）1—12的基数词是独立的单词，即：one，two，three，four，five，six，seven，eight，nine，ten，eleven，twelve。2）13—19的基数词以-teen结尾。如：14—fourteen，但13，15，18较特殊，13—thirteen 15—fifteen 18—eighteen。3）20—90的整十位均以-ty结尾。如：60—sixty，但20，30，40，50，80较特殊，20—twenty 30—thirty 40—forty 50—fifty 80—eighty。
4) 十位数与个位数之间要加连字符号―-‖，如：28—twenty-eight，96—ninety-six。
5) 百位和十位（若无十位则和个位）之间加―and‖，如：148—one hundred and forty-eight , 406—four hundred and six。
6) hundred（百），thousand（千），million（百万），billion（十亿）等前面即使有具体的数词，不能在它们后面加s。
7) .百(hundred),千(thousand),百万(million)与介词of连用时侯，用复数形式，表不确定数目，其前面不可与数字连用8）.表示―几十‖的数词，复数形式可用来表示人的岁数或年代。
如：He is in his forties. 他四十多岁。
This took place in the 1930s. 这事发生在二十世纪三十年代。
9）.基数词可与其他词构成形容词。
如：Can you say something about your two-month holiday? ？(two和month之间有连字符时，month用单数)
4. 序数词的写法和用法
1）．基数词变序数词可利用口诀巧记：―一、二、三，特殊记，八去―t ‖，九去―e‖，―ve‖要用―f‖替，见―y‖变成―i‖和―e‖，词尾加上―th‖，若是遇到几十几，只变个位就可以。‖
变法如下：first，second，third，eight—eighth nine—ninth，five—fifth，twelve—twelfth，twenty—twentieth，forty—fortieth，twenty-five—twenty-fifth。
其余情况均在基数词后加th。如：six—sixth, nineteen—nineteenth , hundred— hundredth, thousand—thousandth等。2）. 序数词前常用定冠词the, 表―顺序‖。但如果序数词不表示顺序，而表示―又一个，另一个‖时，则不能用the, 要用a. 如：Try it a second time. 再试一下。
5. 序数词表示―名次‖时，不用定冠词。
He was first. 他得了第一名。
Who was first? Who was second？谁是第一名？谁是第二名？
注意:
1.分数的读法：分子必须用基数词，分母用序数词。分子如果大于1，分母须用复数形式。先读分子，再读分母。
分子为one时可换用a. 如：
In our class, about a third can speak English well.
Two thirds 三分之二。
2.1/2读作―a(或one)half(而不是a second ―一秒钟‖)，1/4既可读作―a(或one)quarter‖又可读作―a(或one)fourth‖.
3/4:Three quarters
3.小数的读法：小数点前的基数词与前面所讲的基数词读法完全相同；小数点读作point,小数点后只将数字一一读出。
15.67 读作: fifteen point six seven
4. 百分数的读法：先读基数词，再读百分号―%‖（读作percent）.
5% 读作: five percent.
5.年代的读法为―两位，两位‖地读。整百的后读hundred,整千的后读thousand, 前常加the year. 如：
1937读作nineteen thirty-seven 或：nineteen hundred and thirty-seven
2000 年读作the year two thousand December the first, nineteen ninety-four 一九九四年十二月一日
二.冠词
1. 冠词概述：冠词是虚词，本身不能单独使用，也没有词义，它用在名词的前面，帮助指明名词的含义。
2. 冠词的种类：英语中的冠词有三种，一种是定冠词，另一种是不定冠词，还有一种是零冠词。
3. 不定冠词的用法
不定冠词a (an)与数词one 同源，是"一个"的意思。a用于辅音音素前，一般读作[e]，而an则用于元音音素前，一般读做[en]。
1) 表示"一个"，意为one；
2) 代表一类人或物。
A knife is a tool for cutting with. Mr. Smith is a doctor.
3) 词组或成语。
a little / a few / a lot / a type of / a great many / many a / in a hurry / in a minute / in a word / in a short while / after a while / have a cold / have a try / keep an eye on /
4. 定冠词的用法
定冠词the与指示代词this，that同源，有"那（这）个"的意思，但较弱，可以和一个名词连用，来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。它有以下意义：
1）特指双方都明白的人或物：定冠词the与指示代词this，that同源，有"那（这）个"的意思，但较弱，可以和一个名词连用，来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。
1）特指双方都明白的人或物：Take the umbrella.带上伞。
2）上文提到过的人或事：He bought a book.I've read the book.
他买了一本书。我看过那本书。
3）指世上独一物二的事物：the sun，the sky，the moon，the earth
4）单数名词连用表示一类事物，如：the dollar 美元; the fox 狐狸；或与形容词或分词连用，表示一类人：the rich 富人; the living 活着的人。
5）用在序数词和形容词最高级，及形容词only，very，same等前面：
Where do you live?I live on the second floor. 你住在哪？我住在二层。
That's the very thing I've been looking for. 那正是我要找的东西。
6）用在表示身体部位的名词前：She caught me by the hand.她抓住了我手。
7）用在某些由普通名词构成的国家名称、机关团体、阶级、等专有名词前：
the People's Republic of China中华人民共和国the United States美国
8）用在表示乐器的名词之前：She plays the piano.她会弹钢琴。
9) 用在姓氏的复数名词之前，表示一家人：the Greens格林一家人(或格林夫妇)
10) 用在惯用语中：
in the day, in the morning (afternoon，evening),the day after tomorrow
the day before yesterday,the next morning,in the sky (water，field，country)in the dark,in the rain,in the distance,in the middle (of),in the end, by the way,go to the theatre
5.零冠词的用法
1) 国名，人名前通常不用冠词：England，Mary；
2）泛指的复数名词，表示一类人或事物时，可不用定冠词；They are teachers.
3）抽象名词表示一般概念时，通常不加冠词；Failure is the mother of success.失败乃成功之母。
2）在季节、月份、节日、假日、日期、星期等表示时间的名词之前，不加冠词；
We go to school from Monday to Friday.
3）在三餐、球类运动和娱乐运动的名称前，不加冠词
4）当by 与火车等交通工具连用中间无冠词；by bus，by train；
5）有些个体名词不用冠词；如：school，college，prison，market，hospital，bed，table，class，town，church，court 等个体名词，直接置于介词后，表示该名词的深层含义，
如：go to hospital去医院看病
go to the hospital去医院(并不是去看病，而是有其他目的)
6）不用冠词的序数词；
a. 序数词前有物主代词
b. 序数词作副词He came first in the race.
c. 在固定词组中at (the) first,first of all,from first to last
实战演练(2×50)
1. There are ___ days in a year.
A. three hundred sixty-five
B. three hundreds and sixty-five
C. three hundred and sixty-five
2．______visitors visit this museum every day. A. Hundred B. Hundred of C. Hundreds of
3. There are two___ people in the library. A. hundred B. hundreds C. hundreds of
4. Every year ___ watch NBA on TV. A. million people B. millions of people C. millions people
5. ____ trees will be planted in our city in 5 years. A. Thousands of B. Two thousands C. Two thousand of
6. My brother is in____. A. Three Class, One Grade B. Class Three, Grade One C. Grade first, Class Third
7. We are going to learn___ this term. A. book six B. six book C. Book Six
8. Please turn to___. Let's read the text aloud. A. Page Two B. the page two C. second page
9. He will come here ____ tomorrow morning. A. at fifth B. at ten C. on two
10. He was doing some reading ____.
A. at eight yesterday morning
B. yesterday morning eight
C. yesterday morning at eight
11. He began to live there____. A. on his fifty B. at age of fifty C. in his fifties
12 They moved to the USA _ A. in 1980s B. in the 1980 ' C. in the 1980s
13.She was ___ her early twenties when she became a movie star. A. at B. on C. in
14. There are____ months in a year. December is the____month of the year.
A. twelve; twelve
B. twelve; twelfth
C. twelfth; twelve
15. Sunday is the____ day of the week. A. seventh B. first C. second
16. Autumn is________ season in a year. A. the fourth B. the third C. a third
17. -What's the date today? -It‘s___. A. Friday B. cloudy C. July 4th
18. Jenny was born _______.A. on July 10, 1997 B. in July 10, 1997 C. in 1997, July 10
19. Monday is the second day, and_______.
A. Tuesday is the fourth
B. Thursday is the fifth
C. the second is Tuesday
20. About____ of the books in our school library are written in Chinese. A. four-fifth B. four-fifths C. fourth-fifths
21. ___ of the students are girls in our class. A. Two three B. Two threes C. Two thirds
22.___ of the world's books and newspapers are written in English. A. Three quarters B. Three quarter C. Thirds four
23. Tom is____ in the row. A. a third B. the third C. third
24. The girl wanted to sing____ song at the party yesterday. A. two B. a second C. the second
25. Now let him have____. A. the third try B. a third try C. third try
26. Our school is only _______ walk from here. A. five-minute B. five minute‘s C. five minutes‘
27. There are ________ days in a week. A. the seven B. seventh C.seven
28.Please write down the new words in the text of ________.
A. Lesson Eleven
B. the Lesson Eleven
C. Lesson Eleventh
29.----How old is your sister? ------________. A. She‘s fifteenth B. She‘s young C. She‘s fifteen
30. I read ______story. It is ______interesting story.A. a, an B. a, a C. the, the
31. Paris is __ European country and China is ___ Asian country.A. an, an B. a, a C. a, an
32. _____elephant is bigger than ______ horse.A. /, / B. an, a C. A, a
33. Shut _____door, please.A. a B. an C. the
34.He is now living in ______ European country. A. a B. an C. /
35. China is ______ old country with ______ long history. A. an, a B. a, a C. an, the
36. My parents usually go out for ______ walk in ______ evening. A. the, a B. a, the C. /, the
37. Her ______ first thing is to help her mother clean the room. A. a B. the C. /
38. The word ―floor‖ begins with ______ ―f‖ and the end with ______ ―r‖. A. a, a B. an, an C. an, a
39. June 1st is ______ Children‘s Day. A. a B. the C. ./
40. ______ Huanghe River is _______ second largest river in China. A. The, the B. A, a C. The, a
41. Paris is one of ______ most beautiful cities in ______ world. A. /, the B. / ,/ C. the, the
42.Yesterday Mr Smith went to ______ Great Wall at ______ noon. A. the, the B. /,/ C. the, /
43. We always have ______ milk for ______ breakfast. A. /,/ B. the, / C. /,a
44．-Did you see my grandfather?
-Oh, I saw ______old man sitting on a chair under the tree. Maybe he is.A. a B. an C. the 45．-Do you see ______man with a dog?
-Oh, Yes, ______dog is black.A. the, a, The B. a, a, C. a, the
46．Who is ______better, Li Ping or Wang Dong? A. the B. a C. ×
47．We go to school five days ______ week.A. a B. an C. /
48．-In which class is ______ boy in white? -He's in Class 5.A. the B. a C. an
49. We often have sports after class, and I like to play _____ soccer.A. a B. an C. /
50．More college graduates would like to work in _______ west part of our country ______ next year.
A. the, the
B. /, /
C. the, /
数词专项练习
( ) 1. There are about ________ students in our school.
A. two thousand of
B. two thousands
C. two thousands of
D. two thousand
( ) 2. There are ________ students in our grade.
A. three hundreds and forty-five
B. three hundred and forty five
C. three hundred forty-five
D. three hundred and forty-five
( ) 3. Sunday is ________ day of the week. A. the first B. one C. he seventh D. the seven
( ) 4. Please come to my office ________.
A. at half past eight
B. at half passed either
C. in half past eight
D. on half past eight
( ) 5. If you want to go to the cinema, take ________.
A. bus No. the ninth
B. the No. 9 bus
C. No. 9 the bus
D. No. the ninth bus
( ) 6. The Greens came to China ________.
A. in 1984 October 27
B. in October 27, 1984
C. on 27, 1984 October
D. on October 27, 1984
( ) 7. The story took place in ________.
A. nineteen centuries
B. nineteen century
C. the nineteenth century
D. nineteenth century
( ) 8. I was told they would stay in China for ________.
A. one and a half years
B. one and a half year
C. one and half years
D. one half and one year
( ) 9. Tomorrow we are going to learn ________.
A. Lesson Second
B. the Lesson Two
C. Lesson Two
D. second lesson
( ) 10. I think that the first day of spring is ________.
A. twenty-two of March
B. twenty-second on March
C. twenty-two in March
D. the twenty-second of March
( ) 11. ________ letter of the word ―restaurant‖ is ―n‖. A. The nineth B. Nineth C. The ninth D. Ninth ( ) 12. We talked for ________. A. half a hour B. half hour C. an hour half D. half an hour ( ) 13. The bus will leave at ________ this afternoon.
A. three fifteen
B. three and fifteen
C. three quarters
D. fifty to three
( ) 14. The earth is ________ the size of the moon.
A. 49 the times
B. 49 times
C. 49 time
D. fourty-nine times
( ) 15. It‘s a ________ ruler.
A. two-feet-long
B. two feet long
C. two-foot-long
D. two-foot-long
( ) 16. ________ students are planting trees.
A. Several hundreds
B. Several hundred
C. Five hundreds
D. Five hundred of
( ) 17. ________ to finish quickly.
A. No every student wants
B. No every student want
C. Not every student wants
D. Not every student want
( ) 18. ________ ago, our country was covered by thick forests.
A. Several million of year
B. Several million year
C. Several million years
D. Several million of years
( ) 19. The weight of the moon is only about ________ of that of the earth.
A. one eighty
B. one of eighty
C. one the eightieth
D. one eightieth
( ) 20. It‘s 11:45. Yes, it‘s ________.
A. fifteen past twelve
B. fifteen from twelve
C. a quarter past eightieth
D. a quarter to twelve
( ) 21. What date is it? It‘s ________.
A. July twentieth-first
B. of July twenty-first
C. the twenty-first of July
D. a quarter to twelve
( ) 22. ---- ________, please? ---- It was April 25th.
A. How old are you
B. What was the date yesterday
C. What time was it
D. What day is it today
( ) 23. I have ________ things to do. I can‘t play ________.
A. many, no more
B. a lot of, any more
C. much, more
D. much, any more
( ) 24. I have a ________ paper on my desk. A. little B. lot C. lots D. little of
( ) 25. This is ________.
A. the question thirty
B. the question thirteen
C. thirty question
D. question thirteen
( ) 26. ________ of the work has been done. A. Two third B. Two three C. Two thirds D. Two third ( ) 27. It‘s ________ now. Let‘s hurry.
A. half passed six
B. thirty passed six
C. half pass six
D. half to seven
( ) 28. What‘s the date today? It‘s ________.
A. the June fourth
B. the fourth of June
C. of June the fourth
D. fourth June
( ) 29. Next week we‘re going to lean ________. A. unit 5 B. the unit 5 C. Unit 5 D. 5 Unit
( ) 30. Do you have much work to do this weekend? Yes, I have to write a ________ paper.
A. two-thousand-word
B. two-thousand-words
C. two-thousands-word
D. two-thousands-words
( ) 31. The tree is ________ tall.
A. forteen feet
B. fourteen feet
C. fourteen foot
D. fourty foot
( ) 32. Fifty plus ________.
A. fourty is ninety
B. forty is ninety
C. thirty is ninety
D. fourty is ninety
( ) 33. There are ________ students in this school.
A. four hundred fifty-two
B. four hundreds fifty-two
C. four hundred and fifty-two
D. four hundred and fifty two
( ) 34. My home is about ________ away from the school.
A. three hundred metre
B. three hundreds metres
C. three hundred metres
D. three hundreds metre
( ) 35. December is ________ and last month is a year.
A. the twelveth
B. twelveth
C. the twelfth
D. twelfth
( ) 36. ________ of the teachers in the school are from colleges.
A. Three quarters
B. Two-third
C. Two fifth
D. Two-nineths
( ) 37. There are two world wars during ________ century.
A. the twenties
B. the twentieth
C. twenties
D. twentieth
( ) 39. In the forties, his father served in the New ________ Army（新四军）,while this mother worked in the ________ Route Army.（八路军）
A. the twenty-first lesson
B. Lesson Twenty First
C. the 21th lesson
D. Lesson 21th
( ) 40. He will stay here for ________.
A. one and half month
B. one and a half month
C. one months and half
D. one and a half months
( ) 41. ---- What‘s the date today? ---- It‘s ________.
A. nine
B. Monday
C. June 5
D. 11:00
( ) 42. ---- Would you like to eat ________ apples? ---- No, thank you.
A. more two
B. two more
C. two another
D. two else
( ) 43. He said he would come back in ________.
A. one or two days
B. a or two days
C. one and two days
D. a day and two
( ) 44. --- How often do you write to your parents abroad? ---- ________.
A. Twice a month
B. Second times a month
C. A second time a month
D. Second a time a month
( ) 45. ________ people died in the traffic accidents in the world.
A. Thousand of
B. Thousands of
C. Ten thousands of
D. Ten thousand of
( ) 46. What is the time? It‘s ________. (4:25)
A. four twenty-five
B. four past twenty-five
C. twenty-five to four
D. four twenty five
( ) 47. Mr. Smith lives on ________ floor.A. fiveth B. fifth C. the fiveth D. the fifth
( ) 48. He began to learn English in his ________.A. fifty B. fiftieth C. fifties D. fifth
( ) 49. His sister was born ________.
A. in 1998, October 21
B. on 1998, October 21
C. in October 21, 1998
D. on October 21, 1998
( ) 50. When he was ________, he left home to work in different cities.
A. in his twenty
B. at his twenty
C. in his twenties
D. at his twenties
( ) 51. I‘m ________ than you.
A. five years older
B. fifteen year old
C. fifteen years
D. fifteen old
( ) 52. ---- How old are you? ---- I‘m________.
A. fifteen years old
B. fifteen year old
C. fifteen years
D. fifteen old
( ) 53. ---- How many teachers are there in your school? ---- ________, but I‘m not sure.
A. Hundreds
B. Hundred
C. Hundreds
D. One hundred
( ) 54. About ________ of the books in our school library are written in Chinese.
A. four-fifth
B. four-fifths
C. fourth-fifths
D. fourths-fifth
( ) 55. They planted ________ trees on the farm last year.
A. two hundreds
B. two hundred of
C. two hundreds of
D. hundreds of
( ) 56. I think that the ________ century will bring us more hopes.
A. twenty-one
B. twentieth-first
C. twenty-first
D. twentieth-one
( ) 57. I think________ lesson is the most difficult in this book.
A. five
B. fifth
C. the fifth
D. fifteen
( ) 58. ________ travelers come to visit our city every year.
A. Hundred of
B. Hundreds of
C. Five Hundreds
D. Hundred
( ) 59. We have five ________ students in our school.
A. hundred of
B. Hundreds of
C. hundred
D. hundreds
( ) 60. ________ of the teachers in the school is 300. ________ of them are women teachers.
A. The number, first fourth
B. The number, one fourth
C. A number, one second
D. A number, three quarters
( ) 61. The English swimmer came in ________ third. A. a B. an C. / D. the
( ) 62. ________ I found out that he was away in town.
A. Other day
B. One day
C. A day
D. Some day
( ) 63. Play ________ music for me, will you? A. a B. a piece of C. an D. some piece of
( ) 64. ________ of the land is covered ________ water.
A. Two third, by
B. Two three, with
C. Two thirds, by
D. Two third, with
四、介词、连词
介词
介词概述：介词表示它与后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。介词是虚词，不能单独做句子成分。介词在英语中用法很活，也无一定规律可循。在初中范围内还应学一个记住一个，特别是那些和动词的特殊搭配。
常用介词的意义和用法。
?时间或地点介词in、on、at的用法区别：
表示时间时, in表示在一段时间里(在将来时句子中则表示在一段时间之后), on表示在具体的某一天或者某天的上下午等, at表示在某个时刻或者瞬间；
表示地点时, in表示在某个范围之内, on表示在某个平面上或与一个面相接触,at则表示在某个具体的场所或地点。如：
He was born on the night of May 10th.
I usually get up at 7：00 in the morning.
His glasses are on the desk.
My brother is at the bus stop.
? after与in表示时间的用法区别：―after+(具体时刻/从句)‖表示―在…时刻之后‖常用于一般过去时态；―in+(一段时间)‖表示―在(多久)之后‖,常用于将来时态。如：
He said that he would come back after 6：00.
My father is coming back from Astralia in about a month.
? since与for表示时间的用法区别：―since+(具体时刻/that-从句)‖表示―自从…起一直到现在‖,―for +(一段时间)‖表
示―持续一段时间‖,都常用于完成时态；如：
My father has worked in this factory since 1970.
My father has worked in this factory for over 30 years.
?by、in与with表示方式的用法区别：都可以表示―工具、手段‖,但是by主要表示―乘坐‖某个交通工具或―以……方式‖,在被动句中可以表示动作的执行者；in表示―使用‖某种语言/文字,with表示―使用‖某个具体的工具、手段。如：We write with our hands and walk with our feet.
Please speak in English.
Let‘s go to the zoo by bus.
It was invented by Adison.
? about与on的用法区别：都可以表示―有关…‖,但是about的意义比较广,而on主要表示―有关…(专题/课程)‖。如：Tom is going to give a speech on the history of China.
They are talking about the English test.
? through与across、over的用法区别：through指―穿过…(门洞/人群/树林)‖；across和over可以指―跨越…(街道/河流)‖,可互换,但是表示―翻过…‖时只能用over. 如：
Just then a kangaroo (鼠)ran across the road.(就在那时一只袋鼠跑过路面)
There is a bridge across/over the river.(河上有座桥)
They climbed over the mountain and arrived there (他们翻过大山到达了那里)/
The visitors went through a big gate into another park.(参观者们穿过一个大门来到另一个公园)
(7)as与like的区别：两个词都表示―像……‖,但是as译为―作为……‖,表示的是职业、职务、作用等事实,而like译为―像……一样‖,表示外表,不是事实。如：
Let me speak to you as a teacher.(我以老师的身份和你讲话。)
Let me speak to you like a teacher.(让我像一位老师一样和你讲话)
(8)in front of 与in the front of：in front of―在…的前面‖, 与in the front of―在…的前部‖。如：
A group of people was standing in front of the hall.
In the front of the hall stood a group of people.
(12)except与besides的区别：except―除了‖,表示排除掉某人物,即不包含；而besides―除了‖则表示包含,即―不仅……又……‖。如：
Everyone went to the park except Tom.(除了Tom,大家都去了公园)(Tom没有去公园)/
Besides maths he also studied many other subjects.(除了数学之外,他还学其他许多功课)(―数学‖也是他学的功课之一)
连词
1.连词概述：连词是一种虚词，用于连接单词，短语或句子，但不单独做句子成分。按照连词的性质，可将连词分为并列连词和从属连词。并列连词如：and，but，or，for等，它们即可连接单词，短语，又可连接句子。从属连词如：when，before ，because等，它们主要引导名词性从句。
2.常见连词的用法：
1）并列连词的用法：并列连词有：and, but, or, nor, so, for yet, however, as well as, both...and, not only...but also, either...or, neither...nor, still,
And：连接单词短语句子。如：Tom and I study in the same school.
But, or ：I have a pen but no pencil. / Would you like coffee or tea?
Nothing but除了，只有：I did nothing but watch it.
Or表示否则：如：Hurry up or you will miss the train.
for 表示后面的句子是原因。如： He is good at piano for he practices harder than others.
No t only…but also不仅…而且。可并列主、谓、宾、表及句子。主语并列时，谓语要就近一致。如: Not only he but also I am a nurse.
As well as 以及，同样。并列单词、短语、句子。并列主语时，动词要随前面的主语变化 .如：He works as well as he can
Either…or既…又…，或…或…，并列主、谓、宾、表及状语，如：Either come in or go out. Neither…nor既不…也不，并列主、谓、宾、表、状语，并列主语时，谓语就近一致。如：Neither you nor he is
lazy.
Both…and和，既…也，并列主、谓、宾及表语。I can speak both English and French.
nor 也不，引导句子要倒装。如：He can not play the piano, nor can I.
so 因此，所以，不和because连用。如：You like swimming, so do I.
从属连词的用法：从属连词有：after, when, before, as, while, since, until, till, if, unless, because, than, that, whether, so that
after 表示―时间‖，在…之后。如：After I finished the school, I became a worker in the factory.
Although/though 表示让步，―尽管‖。如：Although she is young, she knows a lot.
as 表示时间，―当…时‖，方式―象…‖，原因，―由于、因为‖让步，―尽管、虽然‖。如：As it was rainy, we couldn‘t go out now.
As if/as though 表方式，―似乎、好像‖。如：He told us such a story as though he had been there before.
As long as/so long as 表条件，―只要‖。如：As long as I am here, I‘ll go to help you.
As soon as 表时间，―一…就…‖。如：I will call you as soon as I come back.
because 表原因，―因为‖。如： I have to practice more because I am not good at English.
before 表时间，―在…之前‘‘。如：You should think more before you do it.
Even if/ even though 表让步，―即使‖。如：You should try again even if you failed.
Hardly…when表时间，―（刚）一…就‖。如：Hardly I entered the gate when the bell rang.
if ―假如‖，引导条件状语从句。如：We will stay at home if the rain doesn‘t stop.
―是否‖，引导宾语从句。如；I don‘t know if he goes shopping.
In order that 表目的，―为了，以便‖。如：We study hard in order that we can pass the exam.
No matter +疑问词表让步，―无论，不管‖。如：No matter what you do, you should try your best.
No sooner…than表时间，―刚一…就…‖。如： No sooner had I come home than it began to rain.
once 表时间，―一旦…‖。如：Once you read this book, you‘ll never forget it.
since 表时间，―自从…以来‖.如：He has been in this city since he left school.
表原因，―既然，由于‖。如: Since t he job is dangerous, let‘s do it more carefully.
so far as/as far as 表条件，―就…而言，就…而论‖.如：As far as I know, it is easy for you to speak in English. So that 表目的，―以便‖。如：Speak loud so that everybody can hear clearly.
So…that表结果―如此,以致‖。如：He got up so early that he caught the early bus.
than 表示比较，―比‖。如：Things were worse than we thought.
unless 表条件，―除非，如果不‖。如：You will fail in the test unless you study hard.
Until/till 表时间，―直到…为止‖。如：I‘ll wait till my mother comes back.
when 表时间，―当…时‘‘。如：When they got there, the train has left.
whether ―是否‖引导名词性从句。如：Whether he can come to see us is unknown.
表让步，―不管/无论、是否‖。如：Whether she is rich or poor, she is always happy.
while 表时间，―当…时‖。如：While he was in Beijing, he visited the Great Wall.
whenever 表时间，―无论什么时候‖。如：Whenever you meet any trouble, tell me at once.
实战演练(2×50)
1.----How old are you?
----I‘m fifteen. I was born ________ 1990. A. in B. at C. on
2. I study for a test _________ working with a group. A. in B. by C. at
3. A tsunami(海啸) happened in some southern Asian countries________ December, 200
4. A. at B. on C. in
4. Tim‘s mum is worried _______ her son‘s study as he plays computer games too much. A. for B. about C. with
5. We should return the books to the library ______ time. A. about B. on C. by
6. ________ your help, my maths has improved a lot. A. With B. Without C. Under
7. A thief stole my wallet_______ the night of May 1st. A. at B. in C. on
8. James is looking ________ his cat everywhere. Have you seen it ? A. like B. at C. for
9. It‘s not always necessary to look up the words ________ the dictionary while reading. Sometimes we need to guess.
A. on
B. in
C. at
10. Zhangjiajie is famous _______ its beautiful mountains. A. from B. at C. for
11．Children get gifts ____ Christmas and ____ their birthdays. A. on; on B. at; on C. in; in
12. The plane is starting___five minutes. A. in B. at C. for
13. Lucy sits____ the third row, ____Jim's right. A. on; on B. in; at C. in; on
14.Shanghai is___ the east of China, but Japan is ___ the east of China. A. to; in B. in; to . C. on; to
15. 1 like rice dumplings ____ meat ____ them. A. in; on B. with; on C. with; in
16. When you are ___ trouble please ask help ___ us. A. in; from B. in; for C. on; from
17. He put up a map ___ the back wall because there was a hole ___ it. A. on; on B. at; in C. on; in
18. This kind of TV is made____ China. . A. in B. from C. at
19. There are some birds singing___ the trees. A. in B. on C. at
20. Don't read ____ the sun. It's bad ___ your eyes. A. in; to B. under; for C. with; to
21.Some planes are flying___ the city. A. through B. over , C. on ,
22. A mother camel was walking ___ her son ___ the desert. A. without; along B. with; through C. next to; pass
23. The river runs____ the city. A. cross B. through C. over
24. My uncle lives ____ 56 Changan Street. A.on B. of C. at
25. They are waiting ___ a bus ___ the bus stop. A. for; in B. on; at C. for; at
26. Is there any difference ____ these two sentences? A. for B. in C. between
27. Our headmaster showed the visitors ____ our school. A. to B. for C. around
28. Nobody knew it ____ me. A. except B. beside C. besides
29. Do you know any other foreign language____ English. A. without B. beside C. besides
30. --- Can you play football? --- Yes, I can, ______ I can't play it very well. A. or B. and C. but
31. There is something wrong___my bike. A. at B. in C. with
32. -His sudden death surprised his wife. -It was so bad. His wife was surprised ____ his death. A. by B. with C. at
33. Don't laugh____ him, everyone will make mistakes. A. at B. to C. about
34. What did you have ___ breakfast? A. at B. as C. for D. about
35. He can speak English_______ Chinese. A. but B. also C. and
36. Physics is not so easy, _______I like it very much.A. but B. or C. since
37. Will Tom wait for her at home ______ at the library? A. or B. as C. so that
38. I'll give her the gift ______ Mary arrives. A. so B. before C. as soon as
39. The woman was____ angry_____ she couldn't say anything. A. neither…n or B. either…or C. so…that
40. I can't sleep well at night, ______I often feel sleepy in the day. A. so B. because C. and
41. Study hard, ______ you will fall behind. A. and B. but C. or
42. _________ John _______I are policemen. A. Neither ... nor B. Either ... or C. Both ... and
43. He didn't go to sleep ______he finished his homework. A. till B. before C. until
44. Wait for me in the room _______ I come back. A. until B. and C. so
45. Go along the road, _______ you'll find the bookstore at the end of it. A. when B. and C. or
46. You'll be late ______ you don't get up early tomorrow morning. A. if B. when C. before
47. The scientist knows two languages. He can speak _________ English _________ French.
A. either; or
B. neither; nor
C. both; and
48. His hobby is ______ reading_______ collecting stamps. It‘s growing flowers.
A. either; or
B. both; and
C. neither; nor
49. Neither he nor I _______ from Canada. We are from Australia. A. is B. are C. am
50. Mr Smith comes from America, and he has studied Chinese in China for 5 years. So you can talk with him ________.
A. either in English or in Chinese
B. not in Chinese but in English
C. just in English, not in Chinese
介词和介词短语专项练习
小升初英语语法大全.pdf
小升初英语语法大全 一、名词 表示某一事物，有具体的和抽象的之分。分为可数名词和不可数名词。 强调：不可数名词都默认为单数，所以总是用is或者was；最好不要根据some、any、a lot of等词去作判 断，以免受误导。 1、可数名词如何变“复数形式”： a．一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds ；读音：清辅音后读[s]，浊辅音和 元音后读[z]。 b．以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches ；读音：[iz]。c．以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries ；读音：[z]。d．以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives ，thief-thieves；读音：[z]。 e．以“o”结尾的词，分两种情况 1）有生命的+es 读音：[z] 如：mango-mangoes tomato-tomatoes hero-heroes 2) 无生命的+s 读音：[z] 如：photo-photos radio-radios f. 不规则名词复数：man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, snowman-snowmen, mouse-mice, child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese 2、不可数名词没有复数。如果要计算不可数名词所表达的数量，就得在数词和不可数名词之间加上“量词+of”。例如：a glass of water, a piece of paper, a bottle of juice 判断步骤： ↗如是am、is或was→原形 读句子→读该单词→认识该单词→理解意思→看be动词 ↘如是are或were→加s或es 练一练： 1、写出下列各词的复数。 I _________ him _________ this _______ her ______ watch _______ mango_______child _______ photo ________ diary ______ day________ foot________ dress ________ tooth_______ sheep ______ box_______ strawberry _____ thief _______ engineer______ peach______ sandwich ______ man______ woman_______ leaf_______ people________
小升初小学英语语法复习要点归纳
小升初小学英语语法复习要点归纳 一、名词复数规则 1．一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds 2．以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches 3．以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries 4．以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives 5．不规则名词复数：man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children foot-feet,.tooth-teeth fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese 二、一般现在时 1．一般现在时表示经常或习惯性的动作，也可表示现在的状态或主语具备的性格和能力。 2．一般现在时中，没有be动词和情态动词，主语为第三人称单数的肯定句，动词要按规则加上s，主语是非第三人称单数的肯定句，动词用原形。 3．在一般现在时中，句中有be动词或情态动词时，否定句在be动词和情态动词后加not，一般疑问句将be动词或情态动词放在句首。 4．在一般现在时中，句中没有be动词或情态动词时，主语为第三人称单数的否定句在动词前加does+not (doesn’t)，一般疑问句在句首加does，句子中原有动词用原形；主语为非第三人称单数，否定句用do+not (don’t)，一般疑问句在句首加do，句子中动词用原形。【动词+s的变化规则】 ①一般情况下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks, milk-milks ②以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes ③以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：study-studies 三、现在进行时 1．现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。 2．现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为：be+动词ing. 3．现在进行时的否定句在be后加not。 4．现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。 【动词加ing的变化规则】 ①一般情况下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking
全面小升初英语语法点总结及练习
小升初英语语法总结及练习 小升初语法名词 (2) 名词练习题 (3) 能力测试卷（名词） (4) 小升初语法代词 (5) 代词练习题 (7) 能力测试卷（代词） (8) 小升初语法数词和冠词 (9) 冠词和数词专项练习 (11) 能力测试卷（冠词和数词） (12) 小升初语法动词 (13) 动词练习题 (14) 能力测试题（动词） (15) 小升初语法一般将来时 (16) 一般将来时练习题 (17) 能力测试题（一般将来时） (18) 小升初语法一般过去时 (19) 一般过去时练习题 (20) 能力测试（一般过去时） (21) 小升初语法一般现在时态 (22) 一、一般现在时的定义 (22) 二、一般现在时的结构 (22) 一般现在时态专项练习 (24) 能力测试卷（一般现在时） (25) 小升初语法现在进行时态 (26) 能力测试卷（现在进行时态） (30) 小升初语法句型之肯定句和否定句 (31) 疑问句专项练习 (34) 小升初语法句型之祈使句 (35) 小升初语法句型there be与have\has 句型 (37) 句型专项练习题 (38) 小学阶段不规则动词全表 (44) 动词四种形式变化规则汇总表 (45)
小升初语法名词 一、名词复数规则 1．一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds 2．以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches 3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es， 如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries 以“元音字母+y”结尾，直接加s，如：boy - boys ，day - days 4. 以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives 5.以o结尾的单词：a, 有生命的+es b, 无生命+s 如：potato--potatoes ；hero--heroes；mango--mangoes photo--photos ; radio -- radios ; video -- videos 6. 不规则名词复数： man-men woman-women policeman-policemen mouse-mice child-children foot-feet tooth-teeth fish-fish people-people Chinese-Chinese Japanese-Japanese deer - deer sheep-sheep policewoman-policewomen 二、名词所有格的构成法 1. 主要是在词尾加’ s 构成。如: This is Tom’s desk . 这是汤姆的书桌。 That is Mike’s book. 那是迈克的书。 2. 如果原名词已经有复数词尾s ,则仅加一个’ . 如: the teachers’ reading room 教师阅览室 the pupils’ pencil-boxes 学生们的文具盒 3. 如果原词是复数形式，但不是以s 结尾，变为所有格形式需在后面加上’ s 。如： the children’s palace 少年宫 men’s room 男厕所 *名词所有格口诀： 名词所有格，s前面加一撇’，复数s放在尾，后加一撇就完结，两人共有算一个，后面只加一个撇。
小升初英语语法知识总结大全
小升初英语语法知识总结大全 一、名词 （一）可数名词：表示可以具体个别存在的人或物。可数名词有单复数形式，其单数形式与不定冠词a(n)连用。 可数名词复数规则： 1．一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds 2．以s. ss. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches, glass-glasses 3．以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries, city-cities, body-bodies 4．以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives, leaf——leaves, wife-wives, half-halves 5．不规则名词复数：①child →children，mouse →mice ②man →men, woman →women, policeman →policemen ③tomato →tomatoes, potato →potatoes [注]：初中英语以o 结尾的名词变复数时只有这两个词加-es，其余的加-s 如：photo →photos ] ④foot →feet，tooth →teeth [注：oo变成ee。] ⑤fish , sheep, Chinese, Japanese单、复数同形[注：变复数时词形不变。]
⑥people单数形式表示复数意义，要求谓语动词用复数；people的复数形式peoples通常指“多个民族”。 习题：写出下列各词的复数 I _________him _________this ___________her ______ watch _______child _______photo ________diary ______ day________ foot________ book_______ dress ________ tooth_______ sheep ______box_______ strawberry _____ peach______ sandwich ______dish_______bus_______ man______ woman_______ （二）不可数名词：表示不能个别存在的事物，如液体类，气体类的物质；少数固体类的物质（grass草，ice冰），抽象的名词（help帮助，music音乐）。不可数名词没有复数（如some water）,不能与不定冠词连用。 （三）名词所有格： 1、名词所有格表示所属关系,相当于物主代词,在句中作定语、宾语或主语。 (1)表示人或其它有生命的东西的名词常在词尾加’s。如：Children’s Day(儿童节), my sister’s book(我姐姐的书) (2)以s或es结尾的复数名词。只在词尾加’。如：Teachers’Day(教师节)
人教版小升初英语总复习重点大全
小升初英语复习重点 系统语法学习。小升初英语考试中单项选择比例占到15%-30%，同时，在其他各种题型中也都涉及到大量的语法知识。进行系统的语法的学习非常必要。 重点词汇积累。词汇量：一般重点中学的小升初英语考试，都要求学生具有2000到3000的词汇量，而且要求学生能读、能听懂这些单词，甚至要求孩子会拼写。很多孩子认为小升初英语考试卷中的英文奥数题比较难，主要障碍就是很多单词不会，这样扣分之后，跟其他孩子就有差距了。 实际运用能力：知识学到手会用才是关键。 具体知识点： 第一部分;基础知识 1.字母：26个字母的大小写 ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz 2.语音：元音的发音 五个元音字母：AEIOU 12个单元音：长元音：/ɑ:/，/?:/，/?:/，/i:/，/u:/ 短元音：/?/ /e/ /i/ / ? / /∧/ /u/ /?/ 3.词汇：词汇量，近反义词 4.句子：大小写，标点符号 第二部分：语法知识 一.名词：名词单复数，名词的格
（一）名词单复数 1．一般情况，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds 2．以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches 3．以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries 4．以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives 5．不规则名词复数： man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese 不可数名词的复数就是原型：paper, juice, water, milk, rice, tea （二）名词的格 (1) 有生命的东西的名词所有格： a)单数后加’s 如: Lucy’s ruler my father’s shirt b)以s 结尾的复数名词后加’如: his friends’ bags c)不以s 结尾的复数后加’s children’s shoes ●并列名词中，如果把’s加在最后一个名词后，表示共有, 如: Tom and Mike’s car 汤姆和迈克共有的小汽车 ●要表示所有物不是共有的，应分别在并列名词后加’s Tom’s and Mike’s cars 汤姆和麦克各自的小汽车 (2)表示无生命东西的名词通常用“ of ＋名词”来表示所有关系：如: a picture of the classroom a map of China 二.冠词：不定冠词，定冠词种类： （1）不定冠词：a / an a unit / an uncle 元音开头的可数名词前用an : an egg / an apple / an orange / an eraser / an answer / an ID card / an alarm clock / an actor / an actress / an e-mail / an address / an event / an example / an opera / an
英语小升初一般将来时
个性化教学辅导教案 学科：英语任课教师：授课日期：2013 年月日（星期) 姓名年级授课时间段总课第课 教学课题小升初英语一般将来时讲解 教学目标1.一般将来时讲解 2.常规听力口语练习 难点重点知识点的实际运用 课前检查作业完成情况：优良中差 课堂教学过程Step One Check and Review 介词复习 Step Two Funny Reading I’ll Show You the Way A driver: Hello, sir. I want to go to the Moon Hotel. Do you know it? An old man: Yes ,let me get on, I’ll show you the way.( They drive about ten miles, and come to a small house.) An old man: Stop here! A driver: But this isn’t a hotel. An old man: No, this is my house. And now I’ll show you the way to the Moon Hotel. Go back nine miles. Then you’ll see the Moon Hotel on the left. Step Three Listening EXERCISES 1 Kate Helps Her Mother New Words and Expressions cook／kuk／v．烧饭basin n．水盆 drop／drop／v．掉下be careful 当心点 pick up 拾起bring v. 拿来supper n．晚饭 I ．Listen carefully and write "T" for True, and "F" for False beside the statements. （）1 ．Kate is girl.She is student of Junior One. （）2 ．One day Mother asks Kate to wash the dishes，but Kate says "No." （）3 ．Kate can wash the dishes． （）4 ．Kate breaks a cup,her mother is very angry. II．Listen to the questions and choose the best answer ：A，B，C or D． （）1 ．A．She is in Junior Two．B．She is in Junior Three． C ．She is in Junior One．D．She is in Junior Four． （）2 ．A．She is washing the clothes.
小升初英语语法复习要点归纳(人教版)
小升初英语语法复习要点 一、名词复数规则 1．一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed- beds2．以s、x、sh、ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes,watch-watches 3．以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i,再加-es，如：family-families,strawberry-strawberries 4．以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v,再加-es，如：knife-knives5．不规则名词复数：man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen,mouse-mice child-children foot-feet,.tooth-teeth fish-fish, people-people,Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese 二、一般现在时 1．一般现在时表示经常或习惯性的动作，也可表示现在的状态或主语具备的性格和能力。 2．一般现在时中，没有be动词和情态动词，主语为第三人称单数的肯定句，动词要按规则加上s，主语是非第三人称单数的肯定句，动词用原形。 3．在一般现在时中，句中有be动词或情态动词时，否定句在be动词和情态动词后加not，一般疑问句将be动词或情态动词放在句首。4．在一般现在时中，句中没有be动词或情态动词时，主语为第三人称单数的否定句在动词前加does+not(doesn’t)，一般疑问句在句首加does，句子中原有动词用原形；主语为非第三人称单数，否定句用do+not (don’t)，一般疑问句在句首加do，句子中动词用原形。动词+s的变化规则1．一般情况下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks, milk-milks 2．以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses, wash-washes,watch-watches, go-goes 3．以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i,再加-es，如：study-studies
小升初英语知识点归纳
小升初英语知识点归纳（部分） 一、词类： 动词、名词和形容词不太容易区分，如不能一眼看出，可用如下方法： 先用“一（量词）”（如：一个、一张等）和这个词连起来说，如说得通，一般认为是名词；说不通再用“很”去判断，就是把“很”和为个词连起来说，说得通一般就是形容词；都说不通就是动词。（目前我们学过的，以后可能不同）（另外一些很明显的，如人称代词、数词、情态动词等一下就可以知道） 1、动词 这里所说的动词是指各种动词总称，其中包括行为动词（就是我们平时总说的那种动词）、be动词、情态动词。 （1）行为动词 就是我们平时上课时说的动词，表示某一动作或行为。如：sweep、live等。 行为动词我们已学过它们的四种形式： 原形、+s/es、+ed、+ing，具体判断方法如下： ↗有，就加ing 读句子→读该单词→认识该单词→理解意思→看有无be动词（若是be going to 就用原形） ↘没有，再看情态动词 ↗有，就用原形 ↗有，就加ed ↘没有，再看有无表示过去的时间状语↗是第三人称单数就加s或es ↘没有，再看主语 ↘不是第三人称单数就用原形 （2）be动词 a、Am--was Is --was Are--were 口诀：我用am, 你用are, is用在他她它，所有复数全用are。 b、肯定和否定句I am (not) from London. He is(not) a teacher. She is(not) in the dining room. My hair is(not) long. Her eyes are(not) small. c、一般疑问句Am I a Chinese? Yes, you are. No, you aren’t. Are they American? Yes, they are. No, they aren’t. Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. No, it isn’t. 我们现在学过的be动词大致分两类：is、am、are为一类，一般用于一般现在时、现在进行时和一般将来时中，was和were为另一类，一般用于一般过去时。 判断步骤：↗第一、三人称单数，就用was ↗有，再看人称 ↘第二人称单数和所有复数，就用were 看有无表示过去的时间状语 ↗第一人称单数，就用am ↘没有，再看人称→第三人称单数，就有is ↘第二人称单数和所有复数，就用are （3）情态动词 情态动词也是一类特殊的动词，平时我们不把它说成是动词。情态动词可以和行为动词同时出现在同一个句子中。
(完整)小升初英语一般将来时
一般将来时 1、定义：一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态 2、结构：主语+will\shall\be going to+v(动词原形)+其他 例如：It is going to rain. 要下雨了。 We are going to have a meeting today. 今天我们准备开一个会。 Tomorrow will be Sunday. 明天就是星期天。 The rain will stop soon. 雨很快就要停了。 I shall not go. 我不准备去了。 What shall we do for summer holiday?暑假我们做什么 呢？ 注意：a.will用于所有人称，shall用于第一人称（we.I） b. will 常简略为'll，并与主语连写在一起，如：I'll，he'll，it'll，we'll，you'll，they'll。 c. 一般疑问句如用will you…？其简略答语须是Yes，I will 或No，I won't； 3、时间标志： 常常和表示将来的时间状语连用。如：tomorrow（明天），next week（下周），from now no(从现在开始)，in the future(将来)，soon, in 2015, in two days(两天之后)等。 四种句式： 1. be going to +动词原形 1.肯定句主语+be(am /,is,/ are) going to +动词原形+其它 My sister is going to learn English n ext year. 我姐姐准备明年学英语。 2.否定句主语+be(am / is / are)not going to +动词原形+其它 I am not going to(go to)the cinema tonight. 我今天晚上不打算去看电影。 3.一般疑问句Be (am / is / are)+主语+going to+动词原型+其它? Is your father going to play basketball with you ?No , he isn’t。你父亲打算和你去打篮球吗？不。 4.特殊疑问句特殊疑问词(Wh-)+一般疑问句? Where are you going to spend Spring Fesital.? 春节你打算在哪过？
完整版小升初英语语法练习题.doc
小学英语语法练习题 一、用 am, is, are填空 1.I ______ a boy. ______ you a boy?No, I _____ not. 2.The girl______ Jack's sister. 3.The dog _______ tall and fat. 4.The man with big eyes _______ a teacher. 5.______ your brother in the classroom? 6.Where _____ your mother?She ______ at home. 7. How _______ your father? 8.Mike and Liu Tao ______ at school. 9.Whose dress ______ this? 10.Whose socks ______ they? 11.That ______ my red skirt. 12.Who ______ I? 13.The jeans ______ on the desk. 14.Here ______ a scarf for you. 15.Here ______ some sweaters for you. 16.The black gloves ______ for Su Yang. 17.This pair of gloves ______ for Yang Ling. 18.The two cups of milk _____ for me. 19.Some tea ______ in the glass.
小升初英语语法大全1
一、some，any的用法 some用于肯定句；any用于否定句和一般疑问句。请注意看例句后扩号中说明的用法。 例：There is some water in the glass. （肯定句） There are some flowers in the garden. （肯定句） There aren’t any lamps in the study.（否定句） Are there any maps on the wall?（一般疑问句） Would you like some orange juice? （希望得到肯定回答） Do you want to take any photos at the party? （一般疑问句） 练一练： 选用some或any填空。 1) There isn’t ______milk in the fridge. 2) I can see______cars, but I can’t see______buses. 3) He has ______ friends in England. 4) Were there ______fruit trees on the farm? 5) Here are ______presents for you. 6) Does Tom want to take ______ photos? 7) Is there______rice in the kitchen? 8) There are______new buildings in our school. 9)---Would you like______ cakes? ---No, I’d not like______cakes, but I’d like ______coffee. 10) ---Are there______pictures on the wall? ---No, there aren’t ______pictures. 二、时间和日期的表达 1、有两种时间表达法： A）直接读写数词。如：9:15 nine fifteen 10:30 ten thirty 11:45 eleven forty-five 7:05 seven o five 2:25 two twenty-five 5:55 five fifty-five B）借助past和to来表达。past一般用于30分钟以内（含30分钟）的时间表达；to一般用于超过30分钟的时间表达。一刻钟可以用a quarter表示，半小时可以用half表示。 如：9:15 a quarter past nine 10:30 half past ten 11:45 a quarter to twelve 7:05 five past seven 2:25 twenty-five past two 5:55 five to six 注意：询问时间可用句型“What’s the time?”或者“What time is it?”。 1 / 13
小升初英语一般将来时-
一般将来时 1、定义:一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态 2、结构:主语+will\shall\be going to+v(动词原形+其他 例如:It is going to rain. 要下雨了。 We are going to have a meeting today. 今天我们准备开一个会。 Tomorrow will be Sunday. 明天就是星期天。 The rain will stop soon. 雨很快就要停了。 I shall not go. 我不准备去了。 What shall we do for summer holiday?暑假我们做什么 呢? 注意:a.will用于所有人称,shall用于第一人称(we.I b. will 常简略为'll,并与主语连写在一起,如:I'll,he'll, it'll,we'll,you'll,they'll。 c. 一般疑问句如用will you…?其简略答语须是Yes,I will 或No,I won't; 3、时间标志: 常常和表示将来的时间状语连用。如:tomorrow(明天,next week(下周, from now no(从现在开始,in the future(将来,soon, in 2015, in two days(两天之后等。 四种句式: 1. be going to +动词原形 1.肯定句主语+be(am /,is,/ are going to +动词原形+其它
My sister is going to learn English n ext year. 我姐姐准备明年学英语。 2.否定句主语+be(am / is / arenot going to +动词原形+其它 I am not going to(go tothe cinema tonight. 我今天晚上不打算去看电影。 3.一般疑问句Be (am / is / are+主语+going to+动词原型+其它? Is your father going to play basketball with you ?No , he isn’t。你父亲打算和你去打篮球吗?不。 4.特殊疑问句特殊疑问词(Wh-+一般疑问句? Where are you going to spend Spring Fesital.? 春节你打算在哪过? 2.will /shall +动词原形 (在书面语中,主语是第一人称I,We时,常用shall 1.肯定句主语+will/shall+动词原形+其它 I (shall write to him next week. 下周我将给他写信。 2.否定句主语+ will /shall+ not + 动词原形+其它 They won’t watch TV this evening。今天晚上他们不看电视。 3.一般疑问句will/shall+主语+动词原形+其它 Will you stay at home with us tomorrow ?明天你和我们呆在家里好吗? 4.特殊疑问句特殊疑问词(Wh- +一般疑问句 When will your father be back? 你爸爸什么时侯回来? 注意:be或will提到句首,some改为any,and改为or,第一二人称互换。
小升初英语必备10大语法知识点汇总
小升初英语必备10大语法知识点汇总水滴石穿，绳锯木断。备考，也需要一点点积累才能到达好的效果。学习啦物美云知识店铺为您提供小升初英语必备10大语法知识点，巩固所学知识并灵活运用，考试时会更得心应手。快来看看吧! 一、小学英语形容词性物主代词 1、形容词性物主代词8个： My your his her its our your their 我的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他(她、它)们的 2、形容词性物主代词的特点： 1)译成汉语都有"的" eg:my 我的their 他们的 2)后面加名词：eg:my backpack his name 3)前后不用冠词a an the This is a my eraser(错误) That is your a pen(错误) It's his the pe
n(错误) 3、I(物主代词)my you(物主代词)your he (物主代词)her we (物主代词) our 注：在变物主代词时，把原题所给的词加上的，再译成单词就可以了。 二、小学英语名词性物主代词 1、名词性物主代词和形容词性物主代词一样有8个： Mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs 我的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他(她、它)们的 2、名词性物主代词的特点： 1)译成汉语都有"的" 2)后面不加名词3)名词性物主代词=形容词性 物主代词+名词
Eg:1、thepen is mine 钢笔是我的(mine=my pen) 三、小学英语单数的句子变成复数的句子 把单数的句子成复数的句子： 变法是把能变成复数的词变成复数，但a或an要把去掉。特殊疑问词、形容词、国家及地点通常不变。 Eg:把下列句子变成复数 1, I have a car ----we have cars 2, He is an American boy. ----They are American boys 3, It is a car ----They are cars 4, This is an eraser ----These are erasers 5, That is a backpsck -----Those are backpacks
pep人教版2020年小升初英语语法专项训练
精品资料 专项训练---动词Be 一．用be动词适当的词填空。 1. I ________ from Australia. 2. She _______ a student. 3.Jane and Tom _________ my friends. 4. My parents _______ very busy every day. 5. I ______ an English teacher now. 6. Where _________ you from? 7. The light _________ green. 8. My name _________ Li Dong. 9. I _________ twelve. 10._________ they your new friends? 11. I ______ a boy. 12. ______ you a boy? No, I _____ not. 13. The girl______ Jack's sister. 14. The dog _______ tall and fat. 15. ______ your brother in the classroom? 16. Where _____ your mother? She ______ at home. 17. Whose dress ______ this? 18. That ______ my red skirt. 19. The books_______under the table. 20. Who ______ I? 21. Some tea ______ in the glass. 22. Gao shan's shirt _______ over there. 23. My sister's name ______Nancy. 24. This ______ not Wang Fang's pencil. 25. ______ David and Helen from England? 26. We ____ friends. 27. She ___ a teacher. 28. I ___ a girl. 29. Many ants ____ in my house. 30. His mother ____ fat. 31. He _____ in Class 4, Grade 1. 32. What _____ your name? 33. These _____ buses. 34. What class _____ you in? 35. It_____ a car. 36. Helen____ a student 37. This _____my book. 38. My father______a cook. 39. Jack’s friend____in Class One. 40. You ____ a doctor.
小升初一般将来时专项
小升初一般将来时专项 一、概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, the day after tomorrow（后天）等。 二、基本结构：①be going to + do； ②will+ do. 三、否定句：在be动词（am, is, are）后加not或情态动词will后加not成won’t。 例如：I’m going to have a picnic this afternoon.→I’m not going to have a picnic this afternoon. 四、一般疑问句：be或will提到句首，some改为any, and改为or，第一二人称互换。 例如：We are going to go on an outing this weekend. →Are you going to go on an outing this weekend? 五、对划线部分提问。一般情况，一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况。 1. 问人。Who 例如：I’m going to New York soon. →Who’s going to New York soon. 2. 问干什么。What …do.例如：My father is going to watch a race with me this afternoon. →What is your father going to do with you this afternoon. 3. 问什么时候。When.例如：She’s going to go to bed at nine. →When is she going to bed? 六、同义句：be going to = will I am going to go swimming tomorrow（明天）. = I will go swimming tomorrow. 练习：填空。 1. 我打算明天和朋友去野炊。 I_____ _______ _________ have a picnic with my friends. I ________ have a picnic with my friends. 2. 下个星期一你打算去干嘛? 我想去打篮球。 What ________ ________ _________ _________ _________ next Monday? I _______ ______ _____ play basketball. What _________ you do next Monday? I ________ play basketball. 3. 你妈妈这个周末去购物吗？是，她要去买一些水果。 _____ your mother _______ ________ go shopping this ___________? Yes, she _________. She ______ ________ __________ buy some fruit. 4. 你们打算什么时候见面。 What time _______ you _________ __________ meet? 改句子。 5. Nancy is going to go camping.（改否定） Nancy ________ going to go camping. 6. I’ll go and join them.（改否定） I _______ go ______ join them. 7. I’m going to get up at 6:30 tomorrow.（改一般疑问句） ________ _______ ________ to get up at 6:30 tomorrow? 8. We will meet at the bus stop at 10:30.（改一般疑问句） _______ ________ meet at the bus stop at 10:30. 9. She is going to listen to music after school.（对划线部分提问） ________ _______ she ________ ________ _________ after school? 10. My father and mother are going to see a play the day after tomorrow.(同上) _________ _________ going to see a play the day after tomorrow.
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