课文电子稿
1 George Washington
Born in Westmoreland County, Virginia, on February 22, 1732, George Washington became surveyor of Culpeper Co. in 1749 and served as commander in chief of the Virginia militia between 1755 and 1758 after distinguishing himself in the mission of Edward Braddock.
Washington served in the Virginia House of Burgesses from 1759 to 1774, became a delegate to the Continental Congress in Philadelphia in 1774 and the commander in chief of the Continental Army in 1775, and secured the fall of Boston in 1776 and the capture of Yorktown in 1781. He was unanimously elected President by the first electoral college in 1789 and re-elected President of the United States in 1792.
Washington died of a throat infection on his farm at Mount Vernon on December 14, 1799.
1.1 Second Inaugural Address of George Washington
March 4, 1793
second inaugural address you are about to read. Consult a dictionary to check your answers.
(1) magistrate (2) this distinguished honor (3) repose (4) the execution of any official act of the President (5) an oath of office (6) violate willingly or knowingly the injunctions (7) incurring constitutional punishment (8) upbraiding (9) witnesses of the present solemn ceremony
Fellow Citizens:1
1. I am again called upon by the voice of my country to execute the functions of its Chief Magistrate.2 When the occasion proper for it shall arrive, I shall endeavor to express the high sense I entertain of this distinguished honor, and of the confidence which has been reposed in me by the people of United America.3
2. Previous to the execution of any official act of the President the Constitution requires an oath of office.4 This oath I am now about to take, and in your presence: That if it shall be found during my administration of the Government I have in any instance violated willingly or knowingly the injunctions thereof, I may (besides incurring constitutional punishment) be subject to the upbraidings of all who are now witnesses of the present solemn ceremony.5(135 words)
In the space below, supply the missing information to complete each sentence by translating the Chinese phrases into English. Check your answers in the full text of President Washington’s address you have just read.
1. I am ________________ (再度奉祖国人民之召) to ________________ (履行总统职务).2
2. When ________________ (这种良机) shall arrive, I shall endeavor to ________________ (表
达我享有这一殊荣的心情), and of ________________ (给予我的信心) by the people of United America.3
Translate the following Chinese sentences into English. Check your answers in the full text of President W ashington’s address you have just read.
1. 宪法明文规定：总统在行使职权之前，应进行就职宣誓。
2.在此我即将立下誓言：在我执掌政府期间，若企图或故意触犯法律，除承受宪法惩罚外，还将接受目前在这个庄严的仪式中所有见证人的严厉谴责。
Read the following paragraph. Fill in each blank with ONLY one word. Check your answers in the full text of President Washington’s address you have just read.
Previous ___(1)___ the ___(2)___ of any official ___(3)___ of the President the Constitution ___(4)___ an ___(5)___ of office.4This ___(6)___ I am now about to ___(7)___, and in your ___(8)___: That if it shall be found during my ___(9)___ of the Government I have in any instance violated willingly or knowingly the ___(10)___ thereof, I may (besides ___(11)___ constitutional punishment) be subject to the ___(12)___ of all who are now ___(13)___ of the present solemn ceremony. 5
Discuss the following questions with your peers or answer them on your own.
1. What does Washington say he would endeavor to do as the U.S. President?
2. What oath does Washington take?
1.2 Quotes from the President
Supply the missing information in the space below to complete each quote from President Washington. The Chinese translation of each quote is provided for your reference. Check your answers in Appendix One at the end of this book.
1. Actions, not words, are the true criterion of ____________________. 评判朋友是否忠诚的真正标准是行动而非言语。
2. Associate with men of good quality if you ____________________. 如果看重自己的名誉的话，那就和素质优秀的人打交道吧。
3. Be courteous to all, but intimate with few, and let those few be well tried before you ____________________. 对每个人都要彬彬有礼，但对少数人可以亲密无间。若要信任这些少数人，必须对他们进行长久考验。
4. Discipline is the soul of an army. It makes small numbers formidable; ____________________, and esteem to all. 纪律是军队的灵魂，能让军队以小胜大，以弱胜强，也能赢得全民的敬重。
5. Happiness and moral duty are ____________________. 幸福与道德义务密不可分。
6. It is better to be alone than ____________________. 与其同流合污，不如独善其身。
7. It is better to offer no excuse than ____________________. 找个蹩脚的借口，不如不找借口。
8. Labor to keep alive in your breast ____________________, called conscience. 良知是人们心中小小的天堂般的火花，必须永不泯灭。
9. Lenience will ____________________, in some instances than rigor. 苛刻待人有时候不如宽待他人。
10. Reason and experience both forbid us to expect that national morality can prevail ____________________. 理性和经验都不允许我们把民族的道德排斥于宗教原则之外。
11. Let your Discourse with Men of Business be ____________________. 与实干家交谈，必须言简意赅。
12. The administration of justice is ____________________. 公平施政是政府有效运作的中流砥柱。
13. The foolish and wicked practice of profane cursing and swearing is a vice so mean and low that ____________________ detests and despises it. 诅咒与谩骂是一种亵渎的恶行，既愚蠢又恶毒，既卑鄙又下贱，让每个有理性和品行的人都会感到厌恶和鄙视。
14. Truth will ultimately prevail where ____________________. 只要不畏艰辛，真理终将胜利。
15. Worry is the interest paid by ____________________. 忧愁就是引祸者得到的报酬。
6 Abraham Lincoln
Born on February 12, 1809, in a 16- by 18-foot, dirt floor, log cabin on the Sinking Spring Farm, in southeast Hardin County, Kentucky, Abraham Lincoln was largely self-educated with about 18 months of schooling, began his political career in 1832, and was elected captain of an Illinois militia company drawn from New Salem during the Black Hawk War.
Lincoln won election to the state legislature in 1834, and was admitted to the bar in 1837. He served four successive terms in the Illinois House of Representatives as a representative from Sangamon County, was elected to a term in the U.S. House of Representatives in 1846, and won the Republican nomination for President in 1860. He was elected as the 16th President of the United States on November 6, 1860, issued the Emancipation Proclamation on January 1, 1863, and won re-election in 1864.
Lincoln was assassinated at Ford's Theatre in Washington by John Wilkes Booth on April 14, 1865.
6.1 Second Inaugural Address of Abraham Lincoln
March 4, 1865
Define or explain the following terms excerpted from President Lincoln’s address you are about to read. Consult a dictionary to check your answers.
(1) engross the energies of the nation (2) an impending civil war (3) avert (4) deprecate (5) perpetuate (6) insurgents (7) rend the Union (8) an easier triumph (9) wring (10) any departure from those divine attributes (11) this
mighty scourge of war (12) unrequited toil (13) lash
Fellow-Countrymen:1
1. At this second appearing to take the oath of the Presidential office there is less occasion for an extended address than there was at the first.2 Then a statement somewhat in detail of a course to be pursued seemed fitting and proper.3 Now, at the expiration of four years, during which public declarations have been constantly called forth on every point and phase of the great contest which still absorbs the attention and engrosses the energies of the nation, little that is new could be presented.4 The progress of our arms, upon which all else chiefly depends, is as well known to the public as to myself, and it is, I trust, reasonably satisfactory and encouraging to all.5 With high hope for the future, no prediction in regard to it is ventured.6
2. On the occasion corresponding to this four years ago all thoughts were anxiously directed to an impending civil war.7 All dreaded it, all sought to avert it.8 While the inaugural address was being delivered from this place, devoted altogether to saving the Union without war, insurgent agents were in the city seeking to destroy it without war—seeking to dissolve the Union and divide effects by negotiation.9Both parties deprecated war, but one of them would make war rather than let the nation survive, and the other would accept war rather than let it perish, and the war came.10
3. One-eighth of the whole population were colored slaves, not distributed generally over the Union, but localized in the southern part of it.11 These slaves constituted a peculiar and powerful interest.12All knew that this interest was somehow the cause of the war.13To strengthen, perpetuate, and extend this interest was the object for which the insurgents would rend the Union even by war, while the Government claimed no right to do more than to restrict the territorial enlargement of it.14 Neither party expected for the war the magnitude or the duration which it has already attained.15Neither anticipated that the cause of the conflict might cease with or even before the conflict itself should cease.16Each looked for an easier triumph, and a result less fundamental and astounding.17Both read the same Bible and pray to the same God, and each invokes His aid against the other.18 It may seem strange that any men should dare to ask a just God's assistance in wringing their bread from the sweat of other men's faces, but let us judge not, that we be not judged.19 The prayers of both could not be answered.20 That of neither has been answered fully.21 The Almighty has His own purposes."22 Woe unto the world because of offenses; for it must needs be that offenses come, but woe to that man by whom the offense cometh."23 If we shall suppose that American slavery is one of those offenses which, in the providence of God, must needs come, but which, having continued through His appointed time, He now wills to remove, and that He gives to both North and South this terrible war as the woe due to those by whom the offense came, shall we discern therein any departure from those divine attributes which the believers in a living God always ascribe to Him?24 Fondly do we hope, fervently do we pray, that this mighty scourge of war may speedily pass away.25 Yet, if God wills that it continue until all the wealth piled by the bondsman's two hundred and fifty years of unrequited toil shall be sunk, and until every drop of blood drawn with the lash shall be paid by another drawn with the sword, as was said three thousand years ago, so still it must be said "the judgments of the Lord are true and righteous altogether." 26
4. With malice toward none, with charity for all, with firmness in the right as God gives us to see the right, let us strive on to finish the work we are in, to bind up the nation's wounds, to care for him who shall have borne the battle and for his widow and his orphan, to do all which may achieve and cherish a just and lasting peace among ourselves and with all nations.27 (699 words)
In the space below, supply the missing information to complete each sentence by translating the Chinese phrases into English. Check your answers in the full text of President Lincoln’s address you have just read.
1. At this second appearing to ________________（进行总统就职宣誓）there is less occasion for an ________________（长篇大论）than there was at the first.2
2. ________________（我们军队的进展）, upon which all else chiefly depends, is as well known to the public as to myself, and it is, I trust, ________________（倍感满意和振奋）to all.5
3. With __________________（对未来抱有的很高希望）, no prediction in regard to it is ventured.6
4. While the inaugural address was being delivered from this place, devoted altogether to ________________（不经过战争来保全联邦）, insurgent agents were in the city seeking to destroy it without war—seeking to ________________（以谈判的方法来解散联邦并分割国家财产）.9
5. These slaves constituted________________（一种特殊而强大的利益）.12
6. All knew that this interest was somehow________________（这次战争的导火索）.13
7. ________________（双方的祈祷）could not be answered.20
8. The Almighty has ________________（他自己的意志）."22
Translate the following Chinese sentences into English. Check your answers in the full text of President Lincoln’s addr ess you have just read.
1. 双方都不赞成战争。但是，一方宁可发动战争也不想让联邦延续，而另一方宁可接受战争也不想让联邦灭亡。于是，战争爆发了。10
2. 为了达到巩固、延续和扩展这种利益，叛乱分子不惜通过战争来粉碎联邦，然而政府所主张的权利不过是限制它在领土上的扩张。14
3. 居然有人敢于请求公正上帝的帮助，用别人脸上流下的汗水去捏做自己的面包，这似乎是非常奇怪的事情，不过让我们不作评论，以免被人评论。19
4. ―这世界有祸了，因为将有人绊倒；绊倒人的事是免不了的，但那绊倒人的有祸了。‖ 23
5. 对任何人不抱有恶意，对所有人心怀慈爱，坚信正义，因为上帝使我们看见正义，让我们努力完成正在从事的事业，包扎好国家的伤口，抚恤阵亡的将士，照顾他的寡妇和孤儿，为获得和维护国内及国际的公正持久的和平而竭尽全力。27
your answers in the full text of President Lincoln’s address you have just read.
1. To strengthen, ___(1)___, and extend this interest was the object for which the insurgents would ___(2)___ the Union even by war, while the Government ___(3)___ no right to do more
than to ___(4)___ the territorial enlargement of it. 14 Neither party expected for the war the
___(5)___ or the duration which it has already ___(6)___.15 Neither ___(7)___ that the cause of the conflict might ___(8)___with or even before the conflict itself should cease.16 Each looked for an easier ___(9)___, and a result less fundamental and astounding. 17 Both read the same
___(10)___ and ___(11)___ to the same God, and each ___(12)___ His aid against the other.18
2. If we shall suppose that American slavery is one of those ___(1)___ which, in the
___(2)___ of God, must needs come, but which, having continued through His ___(3)___ time, He now wills to ___(4)___, and that He gives to both North and South this terrible war as the
___(5)___ due to those by whom the offense came, shall we ___(6)___ therein any ___(7)___ from those divine ___(8)___ which the believers in a living God always ___(9)___ to Him? 24 Fondly do we ___(10)___, fervently do we ___(11)___, that this mighty ___(12)___ of war may speedily ___(13)___ away. 25 If God wills that it continue until all the wealth ___(14)___ by the bondsman's two hundred and fifty years of unrequited ___(15)___ shall be ___(16)___, and until every drop of blood drawn with the ___(17)___ shall be paid by another drawn with the
___(18)___, as was said three thousand years ago, so still it must be said "the ___(19)___ of the Lord are true and ___(20)___ altogether." 26
Discuss the following questions with your peers or answer them on your own.
1. What does Lincoln mean by ―a statement somewhat in detail of a course to be pursued‖ and what is it?
2. What constitutes the acknowledged cause of the civil war?
3. How did the civil war affect both North and South?
4. What are the implications of the last statement of the second inaugural address of Lincoln?
6.2 Quotes from the President
Supply the missing information in the space below to complete each quote from President Lincoln. The Chinese translation of each quote is provided for your reference. Check your answers in Appendix One at the end of this book.
1. A friend is one who has ____________________. 敌人的敌人就是朋友。
2. A house ____________________ cannot stand. 家庭不和就会分裂。
3. As our case is new, we must ____________________. 面对新的情况，我们必须有新思维和新行动。
4. Government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not ____________________. 民有、民治、民享的政府是不会从地球上消失的。
5. I am ____________________ in the people. 我完全相信人民。
6. I am not bound to win, but I am ____________________. 我不是天生的赢家，而是天生的忠实者。
7. I do not think much of a man who ____________________. 如果今天还不比昨天聪明，这样的人我看不起。
8. In the end, it's not the years in your life that count. It's ____________________. 归根到底，重要的不在于你活了多少岁，而在于你的生活质量有多高。
9. It has been my experience that folks who have no vices have ____________________. 我一
向的经验是，没有缺点的人也几乎没有优点。
10. No man has ____________________ to be a successful liar. 人记性再好，也不可能成为出色的谎言家。
11. ____________________ are inadequate to the stormy present. 过去风平浪静年代的教条无法适应今日的暴风骤雨。
12. Plainly, the sheep and the wolf are not ____________________. 很明显，羊和狼对自由的定义是不一样的。
13. Towering genius disdains ____________________. 出色的天才不会走别人走过的路。
14. With ____________________ night and day, if I did not laugh I should die. 可怕的压力日夜陪伴着我。如果不会笑，我就没法活了。
15. You can fool all the people some of the time, and some of the people all the time, but you cannot ____________________. 你可以一时蒙骗所有人，也可以永远蒙骗一些人，但不可能永远蒙骗所有人。
10 Theodore Roosevelt
Born into a rich family in New York City on October 27, 1858, Theodore Roosevelt had to be privately tutored up to college instead of attending a school due to his infantile asthma. At the age of 17, he took and passed the Harvard entrance exam and graduated magna cum laude from Harvard in 1880.Upon his graduation, he studied law at Columbia Law School but dropped out without a degree.
Roosevelt was elected the New York State Assembly in 1881 and became a reformist leader of the Republican Party. In 1886, he ran for mayor of New York City and finished third. When the Spanish-American War broke out in 1898. He resigned from the Department of the Navy and led a volunteer cavalry regiment to fight in Cuba and became a war hero. He was elected governor in 1898 and nominated for vice president in 1900as a highly visible campaigner to reelect President William McKinley. In 1901, Roosevelt became President following McKinley‘s assassination. In 1904, he was elected President to a term in his own right.
On January6，1919，Roosevelt died in his sleep at his home in Oyster Bay, N.Y. after he led a major expedition to the Amazon jungles and contracted devastating diseases.
10.1 Theodore Roosevelt’s Nobel Peace Prize Acceptance Speech
December 10, 1906
second inaugural address you are about to read. Consult a dictionary to check your answers.
(1) residence (2) inadequate (3) distinguished (4) testimonial (5) preeminent (6) lustre (7) proclaim (8) blazoned (9) inestimable 10) chief magistrate (11) imbue (12) felicitous (13) lofty sense of duty (14)righteous 15) assurance
(16) lasting gratitude (17) appreciation
The full text of President Roosevelt’s Nobel Peace Prize Acceptance Speech reads as follows.
[Note: Since President Roosevelt was not present at the award ceremony on December 10, 1906, Mr. Herbert H. D. Peirce, American envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary of Norway, accepted the prize on his behalf. Mr. Peirce‘s speech, which included the reading of a telegram from the President, follows.]
1. I deeply regret that my residence in your capital has been as yet too brief to enable me to address you in your own vigorous language.1But ―had I a thousand several tongues‖, they would be inadequate to express to you the deep emotion with which I appear before you to receive, on behalf of the President of the United States, this distinguished testimonial of your recognition of those acts which stamp him as preeminent in devotion to the cause of peace and goodwill on earth.2
2. I will not vainly attempt, by any words of mine, to add to the lustre of the name of Theodore Roosevelt.3 His acts proclaim him, and you, Gentlemen of the Norwegian Storting, by this award of the Nobel Peace Prize, a foundation conceived in God-like love of mankind, have blazoned to the world your recognition of his wise use of his great office in the best interests of humanity.4
3. I quote President Roosevelt‘s words in a telegram from him, recently received by me, when I say that he regards the award of prize as one of the greatest honors which any man, in any position, throughout the world, can receive. 5
4. Speaking for my countrymen, I may say that this award will deeply appeal to the hearts of our people and knit closer those bonds of sympathy which unite us in the brotherhood of nations.6
5. To me, who have enjoyed the inestimable privilege of witnessing in the course of current affairs the earnest desire with which the chief magistrate of my country is imbued to promote the cause of peace, in the interest of all mankind, when peace comports with that honorable self-respect which nations as well as individuals owe to themselves, this award seems most markedly felicitous, and I rejoice greatly in the good fortune which permits me to be the medium of transmission of this token of your appreciation of the profound love for, and lofty sense of duty to his fellowmen which is the guiding principle of his official life.7
6. The President has directed me to read to you, Mr. President, the following message which he has telegraphed to me for that purpose: 8
7. ―I am profoundly moved and touched by the signal honor shown me through your body in conferring upon me the Nobel Peace Prize.9 There is no gift I could appreciate more and I wish it were in my power fully to express my gratitude.10 I thank you for it, and I thank you on behalf of the United States; for what I did, I was able to accomplish only as the representative of the nation of which, for the time being, I am president. 11
8. After much thought, I have concluded that the best and most fitting way to apply the amount of the prize is by using it as a foundation to establish at Washington a permanent industrial peace committee. 12 The object will be to strive for better and more equitable relations among my countrymen who are engaged, whether as capitalists or as wage workers, in industrial and agricultural pursuits.13This will carry out the purpose of the founder of the prize, for in
modern life it is as important to work for the cause of just and righteous peace in the industrial world as in the world of nations.14
9. I again express to you the assurance of my deep and lasting gratitude and appreciations.15
Theodore Roosevelt (567 words)
In the space below, supply the missing information to complete each sentence by translating the Chinese phrases into English. Check your answers in the full text of President Washington’s address you have just read.
1. But ― ________________ (就算我掌握千万种语言)‖，they would be ________________ (不足以向你们表达我深深的感情) with which I appear before you to receive, on behalf of the President of the United States, this distinguished testimonial of your recognition the those acts which stamp him as preeminent in devotion to the cause of ____________________ （和平与友善）on earth.2
2. I will not ________________ (妄图)，by any words of mine, to ________________ (增光添彩) of the name of Theodore Roosevelt.3
3. Speaking for my countrymen, I may say that this award will ________________ (深深打动我国人民的心) and ________________ (交织在一起) those bonds of sympathy which unite us in the brotherhood of nations.6
4.The object will be to ________________ (努力争取更好的而且是更平等的关系) among my countrymen who are engaged, ________________ (无论是资本家或是工薪阶层工人)，in industrial and agricultural pursuits. 13
full text of President Washington’s address you have just read.
1. 我引用最近收到的罗斯福总统电报里的话来说，他认为全世界的任何人，无论在任何地方，能够获得这份奖项都将是莫大的荣耀。5
2.主席先生，总统已打电报给我并指示我将下面的信息读给您听。8
3. 我要感谢您，同时也代表美国感谢您。对于我的作为，我只是完成了我作为现任总统代表我们国家所应尽的以为。11
Read the following paragraph. Fill in each blank with ONLY one word. Check your answers in the full text of President Washington’s address you have just read.
I am profoundly moved and ___(1)___ by the signal honor shown me through your body in ___(2)___ upon me the Nobel Peace Prize. 9 There is no gift I could ___(3)___ more and I wish it were in my ___(4)___ fully to express my ___(5)___. 10I thank you for it, and I thank you on ___(6)___ of the United States; for ___(7)___ I did, I was able to accomplish only as the ___(8)___ of the nation of ___(9)___, for the time ___(10)___, I am president. 11
Discuss the following questions with your peers or answer them on your own.
1. Why was President Roosevelt awarded the Nobel Prize?
2. What does President Roosevelt think about the Nobel Peace Prize?
3. What does President Roosevelt intend to do with the Nobel Peace Prize?
10.2 Quotes from the President
Supply the missing information in the space below to complete each quote from President Washington. The Chinese translation of each quote is provided for your reference. Check your answers in Appendix One at the end of this book.
1. Do what you can, ____________________, where you are. 做事要尽力而为，物尽其用，量力而行。
2. Far and away the best prize that life has to offer is ____________________. 无疑，生命赐予我们的最好奖品就是有机会勤勉工作，做那些值得去做的事情。
3. I care not what others think of what I do, but ____________________! That is character! 我不在乎别人怎么看待我的行为，但我非常在乎我怎么看待自己的作为。那就是个性！
4. Keep your eyes on the stars, and ____________________. 要做到仰望星空，脚踏实地。
5. With self-discipline ____________________. 学会自律，则无事不可为。
6. It is hard to fail, but ____________________. 失败固然痛苦，但是更糟糕的事从未努力实现成功。
7. Speak softly and carry a big stick; ____________________. 说话轻柔而手握大棒，则大有可为。
13 Franklin D. Roosevelt
Born on January 30, 1882 at Hyde Park, New York, Franklin D. Roosevelt attended a prestigious preparatory school in Massachusetts, received a BA degree in history from Harvard in only three years, entered Columbia Law School in 1905, and passed the bar examination in 1907.
Roosevelt entered public service through politics in 1910, was elected to the New York State Senate as a Democrat from his traditionally Republican home district, and became the Democratic nominee for Vice President in 1920. He was stricken with poliomyelitis (infantile paralysis) and never regained the use of his legs in the summer of 1921.
Roosevelt became Governor of New York in 1928. He was elected President in November 1932 at the depth of the Great Depression, re-elected by a top-heavy margin in 1936, re-elected again in 1940, and won reelection for a fourth term in 1944 on the slogan ―don‘t change horses in mid-stream!‖. He died of a cerebral hemorrhage on April 12,1945, while at Warm Springs, Georgia.
13.2 Fourth Inaugural Address of Franklin D. Roosevelt
January 20, 1945
Define or explain the following terms excerpted from President Roosevelt’s address you are about to read. Consult a dictionary to check your answers.
(1) a period of supreme test (2) the solemn oath of office (3) faintness of heart (4) abandonment of moral principle (5) dogs in the manger (6) suspicion and mistrust (7) stout hearts (8) anguished
1. Mr. Chief Justice, Mr. Vice President, my friends, you will understand and, I believe, agree with my wish that the form of this inauguration be simple and its words brief. 1
2. We Americans of today, together with our allies, are passing through a period of supreme test.2 It is a test of our courage—of our resolve—of our wisdom—our essential democracy.3
3. If we meet that test—successfully and honorably—we shall perform a service of historic importance which men and women and children will honor throughout all time.4
4. As I stand here today, having taken the solemn oath of office in the presence of my fellow countrymen—in the presence of our God—I know that it is America's purpose that we shall not fail.5
5. In the days and in the years that are to come we shall work for a just and honorable peace,
a durable peace, as today we work and fight for total victory in war.6
6. We can and we will achieve such a peace.7
7. We shall strive for perfection.8We shall not achieve it immediately—but we still shall strive.9 We may make mistakes-—but they must never be mistakes which result from faintness of heart or abandonment of moral principle.10
8. I remember that my old schoolmaster, Dr. Peabody, said, in days that seemed to us then to be secure and untroubled: "Things in life will not always run smoothly. Sometimes we will be rising toward the heights—then all will seem to reverse itself and start downward. The great fact to remember is that the trend of civilization itself is forever upward; that a line drawn through the middle of the peaks and the valleys of the centuries always has an upward trend." 11
9. Our Constitution of 1787 was not a perfect instrument; it is not perfect yet.12But it provided a firm base upon which all manner of men, of all races and colors and creeds, could build our solid structure of democracy. 13
10. And so today, in this year of war, 1945, we have learned lessons—at a fearful cost—and we shall profit by them.14
11. We have learned that we cannot live alone, at peace; that our own well-being is dependent on the well-being of other nations far away.15 We have learned that we must live as men, not as ostriches, nor as dogs in the manger.16
12. We have learned to be citizens of the world, members of the human community.17
13. We have learned the simple truth, as Emerson said, that "The only way to have a friend is to be one." 18 We can gain no lasting peace if we approach it with suspicion and mistrust or with fear .19
14. We can gain it only if we proceed with the understanding, the confidence, and the courage which flow from conviction.20
15. The Almighty God has blessed our land in many ways.21 He has given our people stout hearts and strong arms with which to strike mighty blows for freedom and truth.22 He has given to
our country a faith which has become the hope of all peoples in an anguished world .23
16. So we pray to Him now for the vision to see our way clearly—to see the way that leads to
a better life for ourselves and for all our fellow men—to the achievement of His will to peace on earth.24（564 words）
In the space below, supply the missing information to complete each sentence by translating the Chinese phrases into English. Check your answers in the full text of Presid ent Roosevelt’s address you have just read.
1. We can and we will ________________（实现这样的和平）.7
2. We may make mistakes—but they must never be ________________（由懦弱或对道德原则的放弃而导致的错误）.10
3. But it provided ________________（一个坚实的基础）upon which all manner of men, of all races and colors and creeds, could ________________（建立我们坚固的民主机构）.13
4. And so today, in this year of war, 1945, we have learned lessons—________________（在付出了惊人的代价后）—and we shall profit by them.14
5. We have learned that we must ________________（过人的生活）, not as ostriches, nor as ________________（马槽中的狗）.16
6. We have learned the simple truth, as Emerson said, that "________________（交朋友的唯一方式）is to be one."18
7. We can gain no lasting peace if we approach it ________________（以怀疑、不信任或恐惧的态度）.19
8. We can gain it only if we proceed with ________________（来自于信念的理解、信心以及勇气）.20
9. He has given our people ________________（为自由和真理进行顽强的斗争所需的勇敢的心和强壮的臂膀）.22
10. He has given to our country ________________（一种在痛苦的世界中成为所有民族的希望的信念）.23
full text of the President’s address you have just read.
1．假如我们成功地、光荣地通过了考验——我们就完成了一项具有重要意义的事业,男女老少都将一直引以为荣。4
2. 今天，在付出了惊人的代价后，我们吸取了教训，我们将从中受益。14
3. 假如我们以怀疑、不信任或恐惧的态度对待和平，我们将不能获得持久的和平。19 4．因此，我们现在向上帝祈求让我们看清未来的道路——看清我们自己以及我们所有的同胞通向更加美好的生活的道路——指引我们完成上帝的意旨,通向全球和平。24
your answers in the full text of President Roosevelt’s address you have just read.
1. I remember that my old schoolmaster, Dr. Peabody, said, in days that seemed to us then to be ___(1)___ and untroubled: "Things in life will not always ___(2)___ smoothly. Sometimes we
will be ___(3)___ toward the heights—then all will seem to ___(4)___ itself and start downward. The great fact to remember is that the ___(5)___ of civilization itself is forever ___(6)___; that a line ___(7)___ through the middle of the ___(8)___ and the valleys of the centuries always has an ___(9)___ trend." 11
2. We have learned that we cannot ___(1)___ alone, at ___(2)___; that our own well-being is ___(3)___ on the ___(4)___ of other nations far ___(5)___ .15 We have learned that we must live as men, not as ostriches, nor as dogs in the ___(6)___ .16
Discuss the following questions with your peers or answer them on your own.
1. What kind of peace does Roosevelt envision?
2. Why does Roosevelt quote from his old schoolmaster, Dr. Peabody?
3. What does Roosevelt think about the American Constitution of 1787?
4. What lessons has Roosevelt learnt from war?
5. What does Roosevelt mean by the ―citizens of the world‖?
13.4 Quotes from the President
Supply the missing information in the space below to complete each quote from President Roosevelt. The Chinese translation of each quote is provided for your reference. Check your answers in Appendix One at the end of this book.
1. A conservative is a man with two perfectly good legs who, however, has never learned ____________________. 保守者就是双腿都完好却不知如何往前走的人。
2. A ____________________ is a somnambulist walking backwards. 反动派就是一个倒退的梦游者。
3. Happiness lies in the joy of achievement and ____________________. 幸福就在于成功的快乐和创造性努力的喜悦。
4. A nation does not have to be cruel to ____________________. 国家的强硬不能靠残暴。
5. In politics, nothing happens ____________________. 在政治上，任何事情都不是偶然的。
6. It is an unfortunate human failing that a full pocketbook often ____________________ than an empty stomach. 富人常常比穷人更能呻吟，这就是人类的不幸。
7. It isn't sufficient just to want—you've got to ask yourself ____________________. 仅仅想要东西是不够的——你应该问一下自己该怎样做才能要到自己想要的东西。
8. Men are not prisoners of fate, but only ____________________. 人不是命运的俘虏，而是自己思想的俘虏。
9. Physical strength can never permanently ____________________. 身体的力量不可能长久地抵挡精神力量的冲击。
10. Remember you are just ____________________ in everyone else's play. 请记住，你在别人的游戏中只是个局外人。
11. The only limit to our realization of tomorrow will be ____________________. 要实现明天，首先必须相信今天。
12. The only thing we have to fear is ____________________. 我们唯一畏惧的东西就是畏惧本身。
13. The truth is found when men are ____________________. 只有在自由的环境中才能追求
到真理。
14. The virtues are ____________________ as rivers are lost in the sea. 美德在自私自利中消亡，河流在汪洋大海中消失。
15. To reach a port, we must sail—sail, not tie at anchor—sail, ____________________. 要到达港湾，我们必须继续航行——航行，而不是抛锚——航行，而不是漂泊。
16 Lyndon Baines Johnson
Born into a politici an‘s family on August 27, 1908 in Texas. Lyndon Johnson worked throughout his youth to earn money for the family which ran into financial difficulty when he was in his early teens. His mother – a journalist – taught him to read at an early age. He struggled in school, but managed to graduate from high school in 1924. He spent three years traveling around and working at odd jobs before going to the Southwest Texas State Teachers College (now Texas State University). He graduated in 1930 and attended Georgetown University to study law from 1934 to 1935. He began as a teacher but quickly moved into politics.
From 1935 to 1937, Johnson, one of only four Americans who served in all four elected federal offices of the United States: Representative, Senator, Vice President, and President, was the Director of National Youth Administration in Texas. In 1937, he was elected as a U.S. Representative where he served from 1937 to 1949, during which time he joined the navy to fight in World War II and was awarded the Silver Star. In 1949, he was elected to the U>S>Senate and served until 1961 when he became Vice-president under John F. Kennedy. On November 22, 1963, John F. Kennedy was assassinated and Johnson succeeded to the presidency. 1n 1946, he was elected President in his own right, winning by a large margin over Barry Goldwater.
Johnson retired on January 20, 1969 to his ranch in Stonewall, Texas. In March 1970, he was hospitalized at Brooke Army Medical Center in San Antonio, after suffering an attack of angina. He died on January 22, 1973 of a massive heart attack.
16.1 Lyndon Baines Johnson’s University of Michigan Commencement Address
May 22, 1964
Define or explain the following terms excerpted from President Reagan’s address you are about to read. Consult a dictionary to check your answers.
(1) coeducational (2) brag (3) turmoil (4) tranquility (5) subdue a continent (6) unbounded invention (7) elevate our national life (8) unbridled growth (9) catalog of ills (10) despoil (11) communion with nature (12) sustenance (13) curricula (14) beyond the realm of our experience (15) escape from the crushing weight of poverty (16) live in enduring peace
address reads as follows.
President Hatcher, Governor Romney, Senators McNamara and Hart, Congressmen Meader and Staebler, and other members of the fine Michigan delegation, members of the graduating class, my fellow American:1
1. It is a great pleasure to be here today.2 This university has been coeducational since 1870, but I do not believe it was on the basis of your accomplishments that a Detroit high school girl said (and I quote), ―In choosing a college, you first have to decide whether you want a coeducational school or educational school.‖ 3 Well, we can find both here at Michigan, although perhaps at different hours. 4I came out here today very anxious to meet the Michigan student whose father told a friend of mine that his son‘s education had been a real value.5 It stopped his mother from bragging about him.6
2. I have come today from the turmoil of your capital to the tranquility of your campus to speak about the future of your country.7The purpose of protecting the life of our Nation and preserving the liberty of our citizens is to pursue the happiness of our people.8 Our success in that pursuit is the test of our success as a Nation .9
3. For a century we labored to settle and to subdue a continent.10 For half a century we called upon unbounded invention and untiring industry to create an order of plenty for all of our people.11 The challenge of the next half century is whether we have the wisdom to use that wealth to enrich and elevate our national life, and to advance the quality of our American civilization.12
4. Your imagination and your initiative and your indignation will determine whether we build
a society where progress is the servant of our needs, or a society where old values and new visions are buried under unbridled growth. 13 For in your time we have the opportunity to move not only toward the rich society and the powerful society, but upward to the Great Society.14
5. The Great Society rests on abundance and liberty for all. 15 It demands an end to poverty and racial injustice, to which we are totally committed in our time.16But that is just the beginning.17
6. The Great Society is a place where every child can find knowledge to enrich his mind and to enlarge his talents.18 It is a place where leisure is a welcome chance to build and reflect, not a feared cause of boredom and restlessness.19 It is a place where the city of man serves not only the needs of the body and the demands of commerce but the desire for beauty and the hunger for community.20 It is a place where man can renew contact with nature.21 It is a place which honors creation for its own sake and for what is adds to the understanding of the race.22 It is a place where men are more concerned with the quality of their goals than the quantity of their goods.23
7. But most of all, the Great Society is not a safe harbor, a resting place, a final objective, a finished work.24 It is a challenge constantly renewed, beckoning us toward a destiny where the meaning of our lives matches the marvelous products of our labor.25
8. So I want to talk to you today about three places where we begin to build the Great Society – in our countryside, and in our classrooms.26
9. Many of you will live to see the day, perhaps 50 years from now, when there will be 400 million Americans – four-fifths of them in urban areas. 27 In the remainder of this century urban population will double, city land will double, and we will have to build homes and highways and facilities equal to all those built since this country was first settled.28 So in the next 40 years we
must re-build the entire urban United States.29
10. Aristotle said: ―Men come together in cities in order to live, but they remain together in order to live the good life.‖30It is harder and harder to live the good life in American cities today.31The catalog of ills is long: there is the decay of the centers and the despoiling of the suburbs.32 There is not enough housing for our people or transportation for our traffic.33 Open land is vanishing and old landmarks are violated.34 Worst of all expansion is eroding these precious and time honored values of community with neighbors and communion with nature.35The loss of these values breeds loneliness and boredom and indifference.36
11. And our society will never be great until our cities are great.37Today the frontier of imagination and innovation is inside those cities and not beyond their borders.38 New experiments are already going on.39 It will be the task of your generation to make the American city a place where future generations will come, not only to live, but to live the good life.40 And I understand that if I stayed here tonight I would see that Michigan students are really doing their best to live the good life.41
12. This is the place where the Peace Corps was started. 42
13. It is inspiring to see how all of you, while you are in this country, are trying so hard to live at the level of the people. 43
14. A second place where we begin to build the Great Society is in our countryside.44 We have always prided ourselves on being not only America the strong and America the free, but America the beautiful.45 Today that beauty is in danger.46 The water we drink, the food we eat, the very air that we breathe, are threatened with pollution.47 Our parks are overcrowded, our seashores overburdened.48 Green fields and dense forests are disappearing. 49
15. A few years ago we were greatly concerned about the ―Ugly American‖. 50Today we must act to prevent an ugly America.51
16. For once the battle is lost, once our natural splendor is destroyed, it can never be recaptured.52 And once man can no longer walk with beauty or wonder at nature his spirit will wither and his sustenance be wasted.53
17. A third place to build the Great Society is in the classrooms of America. 54 There your children‘s lives will be shaped.55 Our society will not be great until every young mind is set free to scan the farthest reaches of thought and imagination.56 We are still far from the goal.57 Today, 8 million adult Americans, more than the entire population of Michigan, have nit finished 5 years of school.58 Nearly 20 million have not finished 8 years of school.59 Nearly 54 million – more than one quarter of all America – have not even finished high school.60
18. Each year more than 100,000 high school graduates, with proved ability, do not enter college because they cannot afford it.61And if we cannot educate today‘s youth, wha t will we do in 1970 when elementary school enrollment will be 5 million greater than 1960?.62And high school enrollment will rise by 5 milion.63 And college enrollment will increase by more than 3 million.64
19. In many places, classrooms are overcrowded and curricula are outdated. 65 Most of our qualified teachers are underpaid and many of our paid teachers are unqualified.66 So we must give every child a place to sit and a teacher to learn from.67 Poverty must not be a bar to learning, and learning must offer an escape from poverty.68
20.But more classrooms and more teachers are not enough.69 We must seek an educational system which grows in excellence as it grows in size.70This means better training for our
teachers.71 It means preparing youth to enjoy their hours of leisure as well as their hours of lanor.72 It means exploring new techniques of teaching, to find new ways to stimulate the love of learning and the capacity for creation.73
21. These are three of the central issues of the Great Society.74 While our Government has many programs directed at those issues, I do not pretend that we have the full answer to those problems.75 But I do promise this: We are going to assemble the best thought and the broadest knowledge from all over the world to find those answers for America.76
22. I intend to establish working groups to prepare a series of White House conferences and meetings –on the cities, on natural beauty, on the quality of education, and on other emerging challenges.77 And from these meetings and from this inspiration and from there studies we will begin to set our course toward the Great Society.78
23. The solution to these problems does not rest on a massive program in Washington, nor can it rely solely on the strained resources of local authority.79They require us to create new concepts of cooperation, a creative federalism, between the National Capital and the leaders of local communities.80
24. Woodrow Wilson once wrote: ―Every man sent out from his university should be a man of his N ation as well as a man of his time.‖ 81
25. Within your lifetime powerful forces, already loosed, will take us toward a way of life beyond the realm of our experience, almost beyond the bounds of our imagination.82
26. For better or for worse, your generation has been appointed by history to deal with those problems and to lead America toward a new age.83 You have the chance never before afforded to any people in any age. 84 You can help build a society where the demands of morality, and the needs of the spirit, can be realized in the life of the Nation.85
27. So, will you join in the battle to give every citizen the full equality which God enjoins and the law requires, whatever his belief, or race, or the color of his skin?86
28. Will you join in the battle to give every citizen an escape from the crushing weight of poverty?87
29. Will you join in the battle to make it possible for all nations to live in enduring peace—as neighbors and not as mortal enemies?88
30. Will you join in the battle to build the Great Society, to prove that our material progress is only the foundation on which we will build a richer life of mind and spirit? 89
31. There are those timid souls that say this battle cannot be won; that we are condemned to a soulless wealth.90 I do not agree.91 We have the power to shape the civilization that we want.92 But we need your will and your labor and your hearts, if we are to build that kind of society.93
32. Those who came to this land sought to build more than just a new country. 94 They sought
a new world.95 So I have come here today to your campus to say that you can make their vision our reality.96 So let us form this moment begin our work so that in the future men will look back and say: It was then, after a long and weary way, that man turned the exploits of his genius to the full enrichment of his life.97
33. Thank you.98 Good-bye.99
In the space below, supply the missing information to complete each sentence by translating the Chinese phrases into English. Check your answers in the full text of
President Reagan’s address you have just read.
1. I have come today from the ________________（喧嚣的首都城市）to the ________________（你们宁静的校园）to speak about the future of your country.7
2. The purpose of ________________（保卫我们国家的命运）and __________________ （捍卫我们公民的自由）is to pursue the happiness of our people.8
3. Your imagination and ________________（你们的开创精神）and your indignation will determine whether we build a society where ________________（我们的需求通过进步来满足）progress is the servant of our needs, or a society where old values and new visions are buried under unbridled growth.13
4. The Great Society rests on ________________（全民的富足与自由）.15
5. It is a place which ________________（为了创造力的目的而尊重创造力）and for what is adds to the ________________（对种族的理解）.22
6. Our society will not be great until every young mind is set free to scan the ________________（思想和想象力的最深处）.55
7. Poverty must not be a ________________（学习的障碍）, and learning must offer ________________（摆脱贫穷）.68
Translate the following Chinese sentences into English. Check your answers in the full text of President Reagan’s address you have just read.
1. 在这里，人们更加注重人生目标的质量，而不是物质拥有的数量。23
2. 亚里士多德说：―人类一起进城是为了生存，但一起留在城里却是为了美好的生活。‖30
3.我们总是深感自豪，不仅因为美国的强大和自由，更是因为美国的美丽。45
4. 在这里，你们孩子的人生将得到完美的塑造。55
5. 这意味着让年轻人既能够享受长期的闲暇，又能耐得住长期的辛劳。72
Read the following paragraphs. Fill in each blank with ONLY one word. Check your answers in the full text of President Reagan’s address you have just read.
Aristotl e said: ―Men ___(1)___ together in cities in order to live, but they ___(2)___ together in ___(3)___ to live the good life.‖30It is harder and harder to live the good life in Amercian ___(4)___ today. 31 The catalog of ___(5)___ is long: there is the ___(6)___ of the centers and the despoiling of the ___(7)___ . 32 There is not enough ___(8)___ for our people or transportation for our ___(9)___.33 Open land is ___(10)___ and old landmarks are ___(11)___.34Worst of ___(12)___ expansion is eroding these precious and time honored ___(13)___ of community with neighbors and communion ___(14)___ nature.35 The ___(15)___ of these values ___(16)___ loneliness and boredom and indifference.
Discuss the following questions with your peers or answer them on your own.
1. Why does Johnson speak about the tranquility of the campus?
2. What are the three places where the Americans begin to build the Great Society?
3. Most of all, what does the Great Society look like?
4. Why is it harder and harder to live the good life in American cities?
5. What does an excellent educational system mean?
16.2 Quotes from the President
Supply the missing information in the space below to complete each quote from President Reagan. The Chinese translation of each quote is provided for your reference. Check your answers in Appendix One at the end of this book.
1. There are ____________________, and very few that we can solve by ourselves. 团结一致，我们可以解决一切问题；单枪匹马，我们几乎无能为力。
2. Yesterday is not ours to recover, but ____________________. 昨日已去，我们无法挽回；明日输赢，全靠我们自己。
3. ____________________, you‘re losing your ass.一味顾及自己的面子，你就会输得屁滚尿流。
4. Education is not a problem. ____________________. 教育不是一个问题，而是一次机会。
5. There are plenty of recommendations on how to get out of trouble cheaply and fast. Most of them come down to this: ____________________. 轻易摆脱困境的建议有很多。归根结底只有一句话，那就是逃避责任。
6. ____________________ and learning must offer an escape from poverty. 贫穷不应成为学习的障碍，学习应该成为脱贫的出路。
7. I believe the destiny of your generation – and your nation – is ____________________.我相信，你们这一代乃至你们的国家注定要与卓越有个约会。
18 Ronald Reagan
Born on Feb. 6, 1911, in Tampico, Illinois, Ronald Reagan was employed as a lifeguard at Lowell Park in Dixon in 1926, graduated from Dixon High School in 1928 and then attended Eureka (Illinois) College, and enlisted in the Army Reserve as a Private in 1937 but was soon promoted to 2nd Lieutenant and to the rank of Captain in 1943.
Reagan officially changed his party registration to the Republican in 1962, delivered a rousing speech in support of Barry Goldwater's presidential candidacy in 1964, and defeated incumbent California governor Edmund G. Brown in 1966 and won again in 1970.
Reagan became a leading contender for the Republican Presidential nomination in 1968 but was defeated in 1968 as well as in 1976. He was elected the 40th President of the United States in a landslide victory in 1980, and got re-elected in a landslide again in 1984.
After leaving office in 1989, Reagan was diagnosed as Alzheimer's disease, and died on June 5, 2004 in Bel Air, California, at the age of ninety-three.
18.1 First Inaugural Address of Ronald Reagan
January 20, 1981
Define or explain the following terms excerpted from President Reagan’s address you are about to read. Consult a dictionary to check your answers.
(1) a commonplace occurrence (2) the orderly transfer of authority (3) bulwark (4) an economic affliction of great proportions (5) distort (6) penalize thrift (7) pile deficit upon deficit (8) bastion (9) cabby (10) barriers born of bigotry or discrimination 11) the bounty of a revived economy (12) take inventory (13) stifle (14) loom to an inevitable decline (15) entrepreneur (16) unequivocal and emphatic (17) dissolution (18) exemplar (19) match loyalty with loyalty (20) potential adversaries
Senator Hatfield, Mr. Chief Justice, Mr. President, Vice President Bush, Vice President Mondale, Senator Baker, Speaker O'Neill, Reverend Moomaw, and my fellow citizens:1
1. To a few of us here today, this is a solemn and most momentous occasion; and yet, in the history of our Nation, it is a commonplace occurrence.2 The orderly transfer of authority as called for in the Constitution routinely takes place as it has for almost two centuries and few of us stop to think how unique we really are.3 In the eyes of many in the world, this every-4-year ceremony we accept as normal is nothing less than a miracle.4
2. Mr. President, I want our fellow citizens to know how much you did to carry on this tradition.5By your gracious cooperation in the transition process, you have shown a watching world that we are a united people pledged to maintaining a political system which guarantees individual liberty to a greater degree than any other, and I thank you and your people for all your help in maintaining the continuity which is the bulwark of our Republic.6
3. The business of our nation goes forward.7These United States are confronted with an economic affliction of great proportions.8We suffer from the longest and one of the worst sustained inflations in our national history.9It distorts our economic decisions, penalizes thrift, and crushes the struggling young and the fixed-income elderly alike.10 It threatens to shatter the lives of millions of our people.11
4. Idle industries have cast workers into unemployment, causing human misery and personal indignity.12Those who do work are denied a fair return for their labor by a tax system which penalizes successful achievement and keeps us from maintaining full productivity.13
5. But great as our tax burden is, it has not kept pace with public spending.14 For decades, we have piled deficit upon deficit, mortgaging our future and our children's future for the temporary convenience of the present.15To continue this long trend is to guarantee tremendous social, cultural, political, and economic upheavals.16
6. You and I, as individuals, can, by borrowing, live beyond our means, but for only a limited period of time.17 Why, then, should we think that collectively, as a nation, we are not bound by that same limitation?18
7. We must act today in order to preserve tomorrow.19And let there be no misunderstanding—we are going to begin to act, beginning today.20
8. The economic ills we suffer have come upon us over several decades.21 They will not go away in days, weeks, or months, but they will go away.22They will go away because we, as Americans, have the capacity now, as we have had in the past, to do whatever needs to be done to