人教版高中英语必修5Unit2知识点详细讲解
Unit 2 The United Kingdom
Part 1. Warming up
1.Do this quiz and find out how much you know about the UK.
know about=know of 了解
be known as…作为…而出名
be known for…因。。。而出名
Kate is well-known as a poet, but nor for speeches.
as far as one knows 据某人所知
make oneself known to sb.自我介绍
2. How many countries does the UK consist of?
consist vi.组成；在于；一致
consistent adj.一致的；调和的consistence=consistency 一致性
consist of=be made of 由……组成注意consist of没有被动语态和进行时态。
consist in...存在于……；在于……
consist with...与……一致be consistent with...与……一致
运用完成句子
(1)这个俱乐部由大约50 名会员组成。
This club ____________ about 50 members.
(2)理论应与实践相一致。
Theory should ______________________________ practice.
(3)这个计划妙就妙在简明扼要。
The beauty of the plan _______________ its simplicity
(4)你的行为和你所说的不一致。
Your conduct is not _______________ what you say.
consists of consist with/be consistent with
consists in consistent with
3. Who rules the UK..
rule （1）v.统治，管辖；控制，支配；判定，裁定
rule(over) sb./sth. 统治者
rule on sth. 对。。。判定，裁定
rule+n. 控制，支配
Alexandria ruled(over)a large empire.亚历山大大帝统治着一个庞大的帝国。
Don’t let the desire for money rule your life.不要让追求金钱的欲望控制了你的生活。He lets his heart rule his head. 他感情用事。
It is up to the court to rule on this matter.这件事由法院来裁定。
（2）n. (官方的或公认的)规则，章程，规章，条例
It’s against the rule to handle the ball in football.用手触球在足球比赛中是违反规则的。Part 2. Pre-reading, reading and comprehending
1. England can be divided into three main areas.
divide...into 把……分成
divide sth.(out/up) between/among sb.把某物分配给某人
divide A by B A 除以B
辨析divide...into/separate...from
(1)divide...into 是把一个整体分割成若干部分。
(2)separate...from separate指把原来连在一起或靠近的人或物分离开来，常与from连用。运用完成句子
(1)我们分成几个小组吧。
Let's ________________________ several groups.
(2)孩子们，你们把这个蛋糕分了吃吧。
Children, ________ the cake up between/among you.
(3)如果你把二十除以四，那么商是五。
If you ________ 20 ________ 4, the answer is 5.
(4)台湾海峡把台湾岛和福建省分隔开。
The T aiwan Strait _____________ Taiwan Island _________Fujian Province.
divide ourselves into divide divide y separates from
2. You can clarify this question if you study British history.如果你学习了英国历史,就能弄清楚这个问题。
词语归纳
clarify vt.阐明; 解释vi.变得清晰
clarification (n.)阐明，解释，澄清
clarify one’s position/stand 澄清某人的立场
3.Now when people refer to England you find Wales included as well.
这是“find ＋宾语＋宾语补足语”的结构。有此用法的还有keep。find + 宾语+ 过去分词/现在分词/副词/介词短语/形容词/名词
We found a group of children playing on the playground. (doing作宾补)
We have found him a dishonest person. (名词作宾补)
I'm so glad to find you in. (副词作宾补)
We found the shop closed.(done作宾补)
根据中文提示完成句子
(1) I found ___________(钱包被偷了) when I got to the cinema.
(2) When the little boy woke up, he found ________(自己躺在医院里)．
my wallet stolen
himself lying in the hospital
4.Happily this was accomplished without conflict when King James of Scotland became King of England and Wales as well.高兴的是当苏格兰的James国王成为英格兰和威尔士
的国王时，这三个国家和平地实现了联合。
阅读下列句子,注意accomplish 的意思。
The delegate accomplished their mission successfully and received a warm welcome at home.代表团顺利地完成了使命，回国受到了热烈的欢迎vt.完成）
They didn，t accomplish the purpose desired.（vt.实现,达到）他们没有达到预期的目
的。
She has accomplished 95 years of her life.（vt.走完,度过）她已达九十五高龄
阅读下列句子,注意conflict的意思。
The conflict between the employer and the workers drew the attention of the Board of Trade. (n.冲突，冲突)劳资纠纷引起了贸易委员会的重视。
Your account of the mine accident conflicts with the reality. (vi.与……相反，抵触)你对
矿难的报道和事实相反。
5.However,the southern part of Ireland was unwilling and broke away to form its own government.然而，爱尔兰南部并不愿意,因此脱离出去建立了自己的政府。
◆词语归纳
break away from 逃脱，摆脱，破除，改掉
break down 崩溃，身体垮了，（计划）失败，（机器等）坏了
break into 强行闯入
break in 插话
break up 破碎,破裂,（会议）结束，学期结束
break off中断,断绝
break out爆发，突然发生
用break短语的适当形式填空
The poor man was so unlucky. A month ago, some strangers (1)_________ his house and took him onto a truck. He didn't know who they were and where they would go. All the connection with his family was(2) _________. After some days' drive, the truck suddenly (3)___________. And he caught the chance to (4)___________________ the strangers. broke into broken off broke down break away from
6.To their credit the four countries do work together in some areas (e.g.The currency and international relations),..值得赞扬的是，虽然这四个国家的确在一些方面共同合作，例如在货币和国际关系上，……
do/did/does + 动词原形结构用来加强谓语动词的语气，相当于“的确；真的；务必”
Do come early next time.
He did go there with his brother yesterday.
即时强化练习：
翻译下面句子
1)务必记住带一束花来。
.
【答案】Do remember to bring a bunch of flowers.
2) 那药对病人真的有效果。
.
【答案】The medicine does have some effect on the patient.
短语
to one's credit 值得表扬的是
on credit 赊购；赊账
do someone credit (或do credit to someone) 为某人增光；给某人带来荣誉
The work did credit to all of us.那项工作为我们所有人带来荣誉。
根据语境猜词义
(1) Do you place any credit in the government's story?
(2) He hasn't enough credits to get his degree.
(3) They established a credit for 100, 000 dollars in favour of me.
(4) Although the invention was mine, I was given no credit for it.
根据语义找匹配
A. 信任
B. 借款；贷款
C. 赞扬，荣誉，功劳
D. 学分
7.England is the largest of the four countries, and for convenience it is divided roughly
into three zones.在这四个国家中,英格兰最大,为了方便起见,它大致被划分为三个地区。（1）convenience n. 方便,便利的事物,方便的时候,便利品
convenient adj. 方便的,便利的
inconvenient adj.不方便的
注意：convenient做表语时，主语不能是人。
it is convenient for sb.to do sth.方便某人做某事
at one’s convenience 在……方便的时候
for the convenience of 为……方便起见
be convenient to sb.对某人方便
for (the sake of) convenience 为了方便起见
make a convenience of sb.(乘机)利用某人
if it suits one’s convenience 如果对某人方便
convenience food/store 方便食品/便利店
◆即学即练
根据括号内的汉语提示完成句子。
(1)Come and see me whenever ____________.（你方便的时候）
(2)I keep my reference books near my desk ___________. (以求方便)
(3)Gas is one of the_____________(现代化便利设施)the newly-built apartment building provides.
(4)You may come and get it _____________.(你方便时)
答案：(1)it is convenient to you (2)for convenience
(3)modern conveniences (4)at your convenience
翻译句子
①你如果方便就来看看我。
②你明天方便开始工作吗?
①Come and see me if it is convenient to you.
②Will it be convenient for you to start work tomorrow?
（2）根据语境猜词义
(1)The rough waves rolled the ship along.
(2)The cloth feels rough.
(3)Don't be so rough with her.
(4)The migrant workers have had a rough life.
(5)This is just a rough plan.
根据语义找匹配
A．粗略的；大概的B．狂暴的；颠簸的；波涛汹涌的
C．粗野的；粗暴的；厉害的D．粗糙的；高低不平的E．艰苦的
答案(1)B (2)D (3)C (4)E (5)A
8.It’s a pity that the industrial cities built in the nineteenth century do not attract visitors. It’s a pity that.... it 作形式主语
根据语境猜词义
(1) I tried to attract her attention, but failed.
(2) Venice is one of the great tourist attractions of the world.
根据语义找匹配
A. 具有吸引力的事物
B. 吸引
链接
attraction n. 吸引；吸引力；吸引人的东西
attractive adj. 有吸引力的
attract one's attention 吸引某人的注意力
用attract的正确形式填空
In Beijing, there are many (1) _________,like the Great Wall, the Summer Palace, the Tian'an men Square. But what (2) ________ me most is the Great Wall, which is also (3) ________ to the foreigners. More and more foreigners are (4) ________ by the beauty and come to China.
attractions attracts attractive attracted
9.You find most of the population settled in the south.....
settle v. 安家，安居；解决
settler n.定居者
settled adj.固定（下来）的，安定的
settlement n. 定居
reach a settlement 和解
settle down 定居下来
settle in (使）熟悉或习惯于（新居、工作等）
settle a question=solve a question 解决问题
It’s settled that....=It’s now decided (that)....已决定
10.Which country is left out?
leave out 遗漏；不提及；不包括
leave…alone 不管；别惹；撇下。。。一个人
leave aside 搁置一边
leave for 动身去
leave off 停止某事
leave out 删去，省去
leave sth. behind 留下；遗忘(没拿) ；遗留
leave sb. doing sth. 让某人一直做某事
leave word 留下话（口信）
用leave短语的适当形式填空
I was working busily when I got my wife's call that there was something wrong with my son. So I had to (1) ______ the work ______. Just then, my secretary came in, telling me something about the tomorrow's meeting. I shouted at her, ‘Don't talk to me. (2) _______ me ______.” Then I wrote a letter to my manager for 3 days' off. After that, I(3) _____my office ____ my hometown.
leave aside Leave alone left for
11.For example, Northern Ireland, England and Scotland have different educational and legal systems as well as different football teams for competitions like the World Cup!例如，北爱尔兰、英格兰、和苏格兰在教育体制和立法体制上都着不同。在参加世界杯之类的比赛时，他们有着各自的足球队！
复习as well as用法
12.You must keep your eyes open if you are going to make your trip to the United Kingdom enjoyable and worthwhile.如果你想要使你的英语之旅令人愉快又不虚此行的
话，你就必须留心观察。
复习keep, worthwhile及worth, worthy的区别
be (well)worth doing be worthy of being done be worthy to be done
It’s worthwhile to do sth. It’s worthwhile doing sth.
Part 3. Learning about Language
1.take the place of 代替，取代
take place 发生；举行（不及物动词词组，无被动语态）
take one’s place 取代某人的职务
in place of=instead of 代替，取代
in place在适当的位置；在原处
in the first place 最初，首先，第一
.用place 的短语填空：
(1)We instructed her to leave everything________________，just as she found it.
(2)Mr Smith will go to Beijing next month，when a new English teacher will teach us__________him.
(3)Sending e-mail has almost________________writing letters.
(4)Can you tell me what changes have____________since the telephone was invented? 答案：(1)in place (2)in place of (3)taken the place of (4)taken place
2.pick up
（1）拾起，捡起
Jack turned over the wallet he had picked up in the street to the police. 杰克把在街上捡到的钱包交给了警察?
He picked up the dictionary at hand and began to look up the new word in it. 他拿起手边的词典开始查找这个生词?
（2）中途搭载乘客，接人
The train stopped several times to pick up passengers. 火车沿途停了好几次,让乘客上车?
Wait here and I’ll pick you up at two o’clock. 在这儿等着,两点钟我来接你?
（3）意外发现，学到，获得
Looking through the evening paper last night,I picked up a wonderful poem. 昨晚在浏览晚报时,我意外发现了一首好诗?
While working in the factory,the students picked up a great deal of imformation on machinery. 在工厂劳动期间,学生们学到了许多关于机械方面的知识?
（4）收拾，整理
The teacher told the students to pick up everything on the floor and get the room tid y before they went out. 老师告诉学生们在出去之前把地上的东西收拾起来,把房间整理干净?
（5）重提(话题)，重新开始，继续
She picked up the story where she had left it yesterday. 她接着昨天没有讲完的故事往下讲?
He left for two years and then came back expecting to pick up where they had left off . 他离开(她)两年后又回来了,希望重新开始他们的关系?
（6）(从电台?收音机)收听，接收
I managed to pick up an American news broadcast. 我设法收听到一家美国电台的新闻
广播?
It is necessary to use a long wave radio to pick up the “Follow Me” program. 必须用一台长波收音机才能收听到“跟我学”这个节目?
3.They had no time to arrange their own wedding....
arrange v. 安排；排列；协商
常用结构：
arrange for(sth) 安排,准备
arrange sth. for sb.为某人安排某事
It’s not necessary for parents to arrange everything for their children.父母没有必要为孩子安排好一切。
arrange to do sth. 安排做某事
arrange for sb. to do sth. 安排某人做某事
arrange with sb. about sth. 与某人商定某事
arrange that+(should)do sth. 安排
He arranged that the meeting (should) be put off for a week.
=He arranged for the meeting to be put off for a week.他已安排好将会议延期一周。语境活用
Now everything for the conference to be held tomorrow （已准备就绪）.I have
(安排T om开车去接)the experts at the airport. I’m to
(安排接见)Mr.Wang after that.
答案：has been arranged arranged for T om to pick up arrange to meet
语法精讲
过去分词作宾补
作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语之间的关系
1.及物动词（短语）的过去分词用作宾语补足语时，宾语即是过去分词的逻辑宾语，宾语和过去分词之间存在逻辑上的被动关系。
例如：I want the letter posted. 我想把这封信寄出去。
2. 少数不及物动词如go, change, fall 等的过去分词作宾语补足语时，仅表示动作完成。因此，宾语与过去分词之间不存在逻辑上的被动关系。
例如：She found her necklace gone on her way home. 在回家的路上，她发现项链不见了。
3. 动词seat, hide, dress, lose, devote 等的过去分词作宾语补足语一般表示状语而不表示被动的意义，因此，虽然宾语与它们存在逻辑上的主动关系，但也只能用它们的过去分词作宾语补足语。
例如：When I came in, I found a strange girl seated in the corner. 我进来时，发现一个陌生的女孩坐在角落里。
需用过去分词作宾语补足语的情况
1.使役动词get ,have ,make, keep，leave等后，可用过去分词做宾语补足语，表：“致使某人或某事被…”
We should keep them informed of what is going on here.
Jane got her bad tooth pulle d out at the dentist’s.
2 .感官动词feel, find, hear,notice,see,watch等表示感觉和心理状态的动词之后，表：“感受到某人或某事被做”。
I was sleeping when I heard my name called.
He was disappointed to find his suggestions turned down.
I saw him beaten by his mother.
3. 表示“意欲；命令”的动词如：like,order,want,wish,相当于过去分词短语前省略了to be ，表示“希望/要求某人或某事被做”
I wish these letters (to be) typed as soon as possible
He didn’t want such question discussed at the meeting.
The father wants his daughter taught the piano.
使役keep, leave, get, have, make
看watch, notice, see, look at, observe catch
听hear, listen to,
感feel 闻smell 发现find
情感want, wish, like
+Sth./sb. done
4.有时过去分词作宾补可以变为被动语态，这时过去分词改作主语补足语，说明主语所处的状态.
The door was found broken.
5.“with ＋宾语＋过去分词”结构中，过去分词用作介词with 的宾语补足语。这一结构通常在句中作时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。例如：
The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back.
凶手被带进来了，他的双手被绑在背后。（表方式）
With water heated, we can see the steam.
水一被加热，我们就会看到水蒸气。（表条件）
With the matter settled, we all went home.事情得到解决，我们都回家了。（表原因）注意：
在这一结构中，当宾语为某一身体部位，且作宾补的动词是及物动词时，身体部位通常是过去分词的逻辑宾语，因而过去分词不可换用现在分词。
She stood in front of him, with her eyes fixed on his face. 她站在他面前，眼睛注视着他（fix one’s eyes on 为固定短语，因此，不可将句中fixed 换为fixing ）
He stood for an instant with his hand still raised.他仍然举着手站了一会儿。
用某些不及物动词的分词形式作身体部位的宾补时，用现在分词的形式。
She felt her heart beating fast. 她觉得心跳很快。（beat 意为“心跳”，是不及物动词）掌握“使役动词have + 宾语＋过去分词”的几种含义
在“ have ＋宾语＋过去分词”结构中，过去分词作宾语补足语，have 也可用get.这一结构具有以下几种含义：
1.意为“主语请别人做某事”。例如：
He wants to have his eyes examined tomorrow.他明天想去检查眼睛。（“检查”的动作由医生来进行）
2. 意为“主语遭遇、遭受某一不愉快、不测的事情”。例如：
Be careful, or you'll have your hands hurt. 当心，否则会弄伤手的。
3. 意为“使完成某事”，事情既可以是别人做完，也可以由主语参与完成。例如：
He had the walls painted this morning. 他今早把墙漆了。（主语自己可能参与）4..过去分词与不定式,现在分词作宾补的区别:三者与宾语逻辑上都是主谓关系，但过去分词强调他们之间的被动关系，不定式强调动作发生的全过程，现在分词强调他们之间的主动
关系，正在进行。
I saw her taken out of the classroom.
I saw her come into the classroom.
I saw her coming into the classroom.
省略to的情况：
1）情态动词( 除ought 外，ought to)：
2）使役动词let, have, make：
3）感官动词see, watch, look at, notice , observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后作宾补，省略to。
注意：在被动语态中则to 不能省掉。
I saw him dance. =He was seen to dance.
The boss made them work the whole night.=They were made to work the whole night. 语法专练
1．Li Hua hopes that his English teacher will suggest a good way to have his English________in a short period of time.
A．improved B．improving C．to improve D．improve
解析：句意为：李华希望他的英语老师提出一个好方法，能使他的英语可以在短时间内得以提高。本题考查have sth.done这一短语的使用。因English与动词improve之间是被动关系，故选A项。B、D项表主动关系，故排除。答案： A
2．(2011·厦门市质量检查)When the minister came to the snow-stricken area，he was happy to see the disaster victims well________.
A．take care of B．took care of C．taken care of D．taking care
of
解析：考查非谓语动词。从句子的结构和语意可以看出victims 与take care of 存在逻辑上的动宾关系，因此使用被动形式，在句中充当宾语补足语。答案： C 3．(2010·上海卷)Lucy has a great sense of humour and always keeps her colleagues________with her stories.
A．amused B．amusing C．to amuse D．to be amused
解析：句意为：Lucy很有幽默感，总是讲故事让她的同事消遣。考查非谓语动词作宾补。首先排除C、D，因为keep 后不用不定式作宾补。amused 觉得好笑的；amusing 逗人笑的，令人觉得好笑的。答案： A
4．(2011·西安质量检测)The girl glanced over her shoulder and found herself________by a young man in black.
A．was followed B．followed C．following D．had been followed
解析：考查非谓语动词。根据语意可知，follow和herself之间是动宾关系，因此用动词的过去分词形式作宾语补足语。注意：found后不是句子，A、D两项可直接排除。答案：B
5．Television has so many advantages.It keeps us________about the________news，and it also provides entertainment in the home.
A．informed；latest B．to know；later C．learning；later D．to think；latest
解析：本题考查keep sb.done的结构以及形容词的最高级的用法。句意为“电视有如此多的好处，它使我们知道最新的消息，而且给我们在家里提供娱乐”。根据句意可知第一个空白处应用informed作us的宾语补足语，表示“我们被告知”，而the latest news则表示
“最新消息”。答案： A
6.(2012·浙江温州第一次适应性测试)The bathroom looks lovely.Did you decorate it yourself or get someone __________it?
A．be doing B．done C．do D．to do
解析：选D。该句考查get sb.to do sth.结构，表示“让某人做某事”，所以这里选D项。7.(2012·哈师大附中，东北师大附中,辽宁省实验中学第一次联考)Mrs.White found her husband surrounded by letters and papers and __________ very worried.
A．look B．looks C．looking D．to look
解析：选C。句意：怀特夫人发现她的丈夫被信件和文件包围着，看起来非常担心。surrounded by letters and papers和looking very worried都是分词短语作宾语补足语，前者表示被动,后者表示主动。
8.(2012·厦门市质量检查)When the Minister came to the snowstriken area,he was happy to see the disaster victims well________.
A．take care of B．took care of C．taken care of D．taking care of
解析：选C。考查非谓语动词。从句子的结构和句意可以看出victims与take care of存在逻辑上的动宾关系，因此使用被动形式，在句中充当宾语补足语。
9.(2012·陕西西安八校联考)“Once people think you are a liar，it’s hard ________，no matter what you’ll say,”father warned his son.
A．for you to make yourself believe B．for you to make yourself believed
C．of you to make yourself believing D．of you to make yourself believe
解析：选B。考查句型It is hard for sb.to do sth.和词组make oneself done。句意为：父亲警告儿子说：“一旦人们认为你是个骗子，那么无论你说什么，都很难让人相信你。”
10.(2012·陕西西安质检)—Can I help you，sir?
—I’m afraid you cannot.I have my students’ papers ________.
A．to be graded B．graded C．to grade D．grade
解析：选C。所填词作使役动词have的宾语补足语，逻辑主语是have的宾语my students’papers，两者是被动关系，用不定式的主动式表被动的意义,选C项。
Part 4. Using Language
1.Worried about the time available.....
(1)worried about...为过去分词短语作状语，表原因。
①Well-known for his exper t advice，he was able to help a great number of people with their personal affairs.他的足智多谋广为人知，因此他能帮助很多人解决私事。
②Deeply moved by the story，the children began to cry.被故事深深地感动，孩子们开始哭了起来。
③When I opened the door，I found him seated in the chair，absorbed in his magazine.当我打开门，发现他坐在椅子上，专心看杂志。
(2)available adj.
可利用的；有用的；可用到的We’ve already used up all the available space. 所有可用的空间我们都用上了。
可得到的TV sets are available in any department store.电视机在任何一家百货公司都能买到。
有空的The doctor is not available now.那位医生现在没空。
有效的This film ticket is no longer available.这张电影票不再有效。
2.Her first delight was going to the Tower.