【考点突破】2018-2019学年人教版高中英语必修三学案Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars-词汇篇(教师版)

Unit4 Astronomy：the science of the stars

词汇篇

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要求学生掌握本单元的重点单词、重点短语、重要词汇辨析并能熟练应用。

一、重点短语

1.in time 及时；终于

2. lay eggs下蛋

3. give birth to 产生；分娩

4. in one’s turn 轮到某人；接着

5. prevent... from 阻止；制止

6. block out 挡住（光线）

7. cheer up 感到高兴,感到振奋

8. now that 既然；因为

9. break out 突发；爆发

10. watch out密切注视,当心

二、词义辨析

1. collide属正式用词，常与不及物动词，可与with搭配，其名词为collision

crash属普通用词，可作名词、及物动词和不及物动词，作不及物动词时常与介词into搭配

2. break out指灾难性的事件，如战争、火灾、疾病等的爆发

happen强调事件发生的偶然性

come about常指不受控制的事情的发生，相当于。常用句型：How does/did it come about…? ·····是怎样发生的？

3.lie, lie , lay 的区别如下:

第三人称单数过去式过去分词现在分词中文释义动词形式

lie lies lied lied lying 撒谎；谎话lie lies lay lain lying 躺；位于

lay lays laid laid laying 放置；下蛋

三、要点梳理

1. in time及时；终于；迟早；最后

on time准时；按时

in no time 立即；马上

at a time依次；每次；逐一

at one time曾经；一度

at no time从不

at the same time同时

in time for刚好赶上

2.atmosphere(n.)大气层；空气；气氛

atmosphere作为“大气层、大气”讲时常与定冠词the搭配；作“气氛、氛围”讲时常与不定冠词搭配；作先行词时，其后的定语从句如果缺少状语，引导词用where，如果缺少宾语或主语用that 或which。

3. harmful (adj.)有害的

harmless (adj.)无害的

harm (n.)伤害，损害

be harmful to=do harm to对······有害

do more harm than good弊大于利

There is no harm in doing sth. =It does no harm to do sth.不妨做某事；做某事没坏处

mean no harm无恶意

4. vt.+it+adj./n.+(for sb./sth.) to do sth.

在这个句型中，形容词或名词作宾语补足语，it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式短语，也可以是动名词短语或that从句。可用于该句型的动词通常有make，think，consider，find ，feel，judge等

E.g. I don’t think it worthwhile going to such a place.到这样一个地方去，我看是不值得的。

5. multiply (v.)乘以；乘；迅速增加；（使）繁殖

multi-为一前缀形式，意为“多个，许多”常构成名词和形容词

multicultural (adj.)多元文化的

multimedia (adj.)多媒体的；使用媒体的(n.)多媒体

multinational (adj.)跨国的；涉及多国的

multiparty (adj.)多党派的

6. exist (vi.)存在；生存

existence (n.)存在，生存

existon 靠······生存，生活

in existence现存；现有

come into existence出现；开始存在

7. thus (adv.)这样；以此方式；因此；从而

“thus+分词短语”常置于句末作结果状语，翻译时常用“因而”、“所以”、“于是”、“便”等词语。

这种分词短语的逻辑主语不是句子的主语，通常是前面的整个句子，因而它的作用相当于一个非限制性定语从句。

E.g. Some new machines were installed in our factory, thus resulting in an increase in production.

我们的工厂安装了一些新机器，因而增加了产量。

8. in one’s turn轮到某人；接着

in turn依次，轮流；相应地；转而

take turns in doing /to do sth.轮流做某事

on the turn即将变化

give sb. a turn使大吃一惊

the turn of the century世纪之交

E.g. When it was in my turn, I was too excited to speak.当轮到我时，我激动得都说不出话来了。

9. prevent/stop sb. (from) doing sth. 阻止某人做某事(在主动句中from可以省略，被动句中不可省略) keep sb. from doing sth.（from不可省略）

protect …from 保护·····免遭

10. puzzle(vt.)&(vi.)（使）迷惑；（使）为难；(n.)难题；谜

puzzle over/over sth.苦苦思索，仔细琢磨

be puzzled about /as to对·····感到迷惑

a puzzled look/expression迷惑的表情

a crossword puzzle纵横字谜

puzzled (adj.)（感到）迷惑不解的，常用来修饰人

puzzling (adj.)令人迷惑不解的，常用来修饰事物

11.crash(vi.)&(vt.)碰撞；坠落

air crash飞机失事

crash into撞在·····上

12. block out挡住；遮住（光线或声音）；忘掉；抹去（不愉快的事情）

block in画（某物）的草图

block off封锁，封闭（道路）

block up塞住，封住（孔，洞）

block one’s way挡住某人的去路

13.pull(n.)&(vt.)拉（力）；拖；牵引力

pull back撤退

pull ahead抢先；领先

pull in（车）进站停靠

pull out驶离车站

pull over把（车）开到路边

pull up使车停止，停下

pull down 拆毁，拆掉（建筑物）

pull through（使）恢复健康

14. cheer up感到高兴；感到振奋

cheerful (adj.)快乐的，高兴的

cheers（用于祝酒）干杯

cheer sb. on为某人加油；鼓劲

give a cheer欢呼起来

15. 倍数表达法

倍数表达方式：“A +be+倍数+as+形容词或副词的原级+as +B”表示“A是B的多少倍”

“A +be+倍数+as+形容词或副词的比较级+than +B”表示“A比B大多少倍”

“A +be+倍数+the size/height/length/width,etc.+of +B”，表示“A是B的大小/高

度/长度/宽度等多少倍”

16.now that既然常见的表示原因的连词：

in that因为，原因是

seeing that由于，因为

17. break out（战争、火灾、疾病等）突发；爆发

break away (from)脱离；突然挣脱

break through突围，突破；克服

break sth. up拆开；打散；结束（关系等）

break in强行进入

break into强行闯入；突然开始

break off断开；中断

break down出故障；垮掉

18. watch out for当心；提防；密切注意

watch out=look out当心，小心

watch out for=look out for当心、提防

Watch it! 小心！留神！

watch over sb./sth.照管某物/照顾某人

keep watch守护，监视

on watch值班

watch the clock盯着钟表

watch the time注意时间

watch the world go by闲看人来人往

19. depend on sb =rely on / count on sb./believe in sb./trust (in) sb. 信任/依赖某人

It (all) depends 看情况而定

20. 与get相关的短语:

get along 相处融洽, 进展等

get down to 开始认真对待, 考虑

get on 上车

get through 到达; 通过; 办完,

get to 到达

1.（2014河北衡水中学调研）The hotel is always full of people because it offers a lovely relaxed______ and personal service.

A. appearance

B. adventure

C. amount

D. atmosphere

解析：根据句意“该酒店总是住满了人，因为它提供了一种美好轻松的气氛以及个性化的服务。”appearance外表；adventure冒险；amount数量；atmosphere气氛，氛围；根据句意可知atmosphere 符合句意。

答案：D。

2.(2014山西康杰中学月考)Nobody was clear about how exactly he had managed to______such a large amount of money in such a short time.

A. increase

B. accumulate

C. multiply

D. commit

解析：根据句意“没有人清楚他到底是怎样在这么短的时间内攒这么多钱的。”increase增加；accumulate积攒；multiply乘；commit犯罪；根据句意可知accumulate符合句意。

答案：B。

3.(2014安徽)My good performance in the job interview left me ________ about my future and about what I can do here.

A. puzzled

B. sensitive

C. optimistic

D. embarrassed

解析：根据句意“我在求职面试中的优异表现让我对我的未来和在这里可以做的工作感到乐观。”puzzled困惑的；sensitive敏感的；optimistic数量；optimistic乐观的；embarrassed困窘的，局促不安的；根据句意可知optimistic 符合句意。

答案：C。

4.(2014江苏无锡月考)Mr. Brown’s condition looks very serious and it is doubtful if he will________.

A. pull back

B. pull up

C. pull through

D. pull out

解析：根据句意“布朗先生的病情看起来非常严重，他是否会恢复值得怀疑。”pull back撤退；pull up 使车停止；pull through使恢复健康；pull out驶离车站；根据句意可知pull through符合句意。

答案：B。

5.(2014安徽)---I get at least half an hour of exercise almost every day.

---Oh great! ______.

A. Good luck

B. Cheer up

C. Same to you

D. Keep it up

解析：根据句意“——我几乎每天至少锻炼半小时。——哦，太棒了！坚持下去。”Good luck 祝你好运；Cheer up振奋起来；Same to you你也一样；Keep it up 坚持下去；根据句意可知Keep it up符合句意。

答案：D。

基础演练

根据汉语提示或首字母提示用本部分所学的单词填空

1. Ais the scientific study of the sun, the moon, the stars and so on.

2.The project cost us more than one ____（十亿）dollars.

3. The a at home was rather tense.

4.His________（根本的）mistake was to rely too much on other people.

5.O________ is a gas that is present in air and water.

6.Man-made ________ （卫星）are used for sending and receiving messages.

7.Anything that is dropped falls towards the centre of the earth because of the pull of ________ （重力）.

8. Global warming and ________（气候）change problems are perhaps the two greatest threats to our planet.

9.She was unbelievably ________（温和的）with him during his illness.

10. A rare virus just attacked my computer s_____, so it has broken down.

11. The ______ (puzzle) look on her face suggested she didn’t understand what I had said.

12. Not a few ________ (violence) scenes had been cut from the film before it came to show..

13. Smoking can be ________ (harm) to your health.

14. Five ________ (multiply)by four equals twenty.

15. The naughty boy________ (lie) to me that the hen had______ (lay) three eggs the day before.

Keys:

1. Astronomy

2. billion

3.atmosphere

4. fundamental

5. Oxygen

6. satellites

7. gravity 8. climate 9. gentle

10. system 11.puzzled 12.violent

13.harmful 14.multiplied 15.lied;laid

巩固提高

选择适当的单词填空

1.Buddhism is one of the world’s________ and one of its famous ________buildings in China is the Potala Palace in Tibet.(religions;religious)

2.This girl looked very much_________her mother.However,________the girl of her age, she dreamed of

becoming a physicist. (unlike; like)

3. Some dinosaurs were very large but__________. Young dinosaurs were treated very ________until they become adults. (gently; gentle)

4. I didn’t know his ________until today. He can’t ________on the money he is earning and has to beg from door to door.(exist; existence)

5. Her ________look on her face suggested she didn’t understand the ________problem.(puzzling; puzzled)

Keys:

1. religions;religious

2.like; unlike

3.gentle; gently

4.existence; exist;

5.puzzled;puzzling

一、用所给词的适当形式填空

1. Scientists have many theories about how the universe first came into _______ (exist)

2. His advice prevented me from_______ (make) a serious mistake.

3. There wereseveral _______ (theory) about the way in which the first started.

4. I felt _______ (physical) sick before the exam.

5. Beautiful music came________ (float) out of the window.

二、用所给短语补全句子

cheer up, give birth to, break out, in turn, block out, now that, depend on, watch out for, prevent…from ,in time

1. If you keep on learning English, you’ll be able to speak it quite fluently________.

2. The expected storm ________us ________climbing the mountain.

3. The good news of our football team winning the game _________everybody.

4. _________everyone agrees to my plan,let’s start tomorrow.

5. Whether our experiment will be successful _______whether we are patient enough.

6. Mrs. White _________a healthy baby at her late thirties.

7. The staff were asked _________fake bank credit cards.

8. It was almost midnight when the fire _________in the neighborhood.

9. He asked each of us _________to describe how alcohol had affected our lives.

10. A heavy curtain was put up to _______ the night.

Keys:

一、用所给词的适当形式填空

1. existence

2.making

3.theories

4. physically

5.floating

二、用所给短语补全句子

1. in time

2. prevented; from

3. cheered up

4. Now that

5. depends on

6. gave birth to

7. to watch out for 8. broke out

9. in turn 10. block out

_________________________________________________________________________________

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一、语法填空阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

First, reading books 1 (be) fun. You can always keep yourself 2 (interest) and it can help you have an enjoyable time if you like reading. This is especially useful when the weather is bad. It is a(n)

3 (relax) hobby too.

Next, you can read a book anywhere: in a car, on a plane, in bed—even in the bath. 4 you need is a book! Reading is a convenient hobby as it is easy to stop and start again.

Another good reason for reading books is 5 it is useful. If you read as a hobby you 6 (get) better and better at it. This means that you will read faster and become 7 (good) at understanding what you read. As your reading improves, you will probably find your schoolwork becomes much easier. Many school subjects depend 8 good reading and, as you read you learn more and more.

Good readers are most likely to be good 9 (write), too. They are usually good at 10 (spell) as well, and have more things to write about. Reading books is really a wonderful hobby.

二、短文改错（共10处）

My father was the biology professor. When I was young, he was used to take me to the biology lab, there I saw mice, cats and other animals. My father also influenced me through nature walks. He often took me on a walk in the backyard. We would catch frogs, snakes and bird. He seemed know everything about wildlife. Eighteen years later, think about my father and his influence on my life, I feel very luckily. I am grateful that I got the chance to learn from her. He helps me develop my interest in all that was alive and sometimes dead around me.

三、阅读理解

Dear Humane Society,

I was watching the news last night and saw the report about the rescue(营救) of a group of puppies that had been abandoned(遗弃) near the freeway. Being an animal lover, I was shocked by their owner’s behavior. But I was excited to hear that you were holding a letter writing contest to place the puppies for adoption(收养) to good homes. I asked my parents to let me apply to adopt one of those puppies.

Fortunately, my parents also love animals and gave me permission.

Any one of these puppies would be welcome in my home. This puppy would have a friendly “brother” with our own dog, Harry. We have a big backyard with lots of room for them to run and play and a doggy door for them to come in when they need shelter. Our new family member would benefit from regular trips to the vet for care and to groomer(美容师) to keep up a fashionable appearance. Since I would be the main care giver, I want you to know that I am a very responsible person with lots of experience taking care of pets. I would make sure of following through with their daily care, including everything from feeding to walking.

Out of all of the things I can provide for this puppy, the most important gift is LOVE. This little guy or girl would be a member of a family full of love. This love is not only for little members, but it goes on forever. I hope you will consider all the reasons why we should be able to adopt one of these puppies. Our home would be a paradise for this puppy after its miserable（痛苦的）start in life and would be blessed by its new member.

Hopefully yours,

Micah Plum

1. Last night Micah Plum had the news that ___________.

A. he won the letter writing contest

B. his parents found some lost puppies

C. some abandoned puppies needed adopting

D. some abandoned puppies found their home

2. Micah wrote the second paragraph mainly to show_________.

A. Harry is also an abandoned puppy

B. Harry lives a happy life in his house

C. his parents allowed him to adopt a puppy

D. the puppy would be taken good care of in his house

3. According to the letter, what will Micah do for the puppy?

A. Walk it.

B. Groom it.

C. Buy it a “brother”.

D. Fix a doggy door.

4. The underlined word “paradise” in the last paragraph refuses to “the place without_________”.

A. love

B. hope

C. help

D. unhappiness

5. This text is a letter of _______.

A. thanks

B. request

C. support

D. introduction

Keys:

一、语法填空

1.is

2.interested

3.relaxing

4. What

5.that

6.will get

7.better

8. on

9.writers 10.spelling

二、短文改错

1.the--a

2. was used去掉“was”

3. there--where

4. on--for

5. bird--birds

6. seemed 后加“to”

7. think--thinking

8. luckily--lucky

9. her--him

10.helps—helped

三、阅读理解

1---5 CDADB

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高中英语人教版必修三单词表

高中英语人教版必修三单词表． 必修3 Unit 1 1、发生 2、美；美人 收获；收割3、庆祝；祝贺4、狩猎者；猎人、5(使)饿死；饿得要死、6起源；由来；起因7、8、宗教上的;信奉宗教的;虔诚的 9、季节的；季节性的 10、祖先；祖宗 11、（日本）盂兰盆节 坟墓；墓地12、熏香；熏香的烟13、14、纪念；追念 15、墨西哥（拉丁美洲国家） 16、节日；盛宴 17、头脑；头骨 18、骨；骨头 19、万圣节前夕；诸圣日前夕

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2019-2020学年高中英语人教版必修三unit2复习导学案(无答案)

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